The Jeffersonian Republic 1800-1823

In the Era of Good FeelingNationalism and Sectionalism

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USHC 2.2Explain how the Monroe Doctrine and the concept of Manifest Destiny affected the United States relationships with foreign powers...USHC 2.3Compare the economic development in different regions (the South, the North,And the West) of the United States during the early nineteenth century, including ways that economic policy contributed to political controversies.

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Jackson SquareNew Orleans

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NOTE:

This is the last election in which the Federalist Party participated in a national election.

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James Monroe (R-VA)Fifth President of the U.S.1817-1825Last of the Virginia DynastyContinental Army VeteranFormer Antifederalist

Era of Good FeelingRe-election nearly unanimoushttp://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/jamesmonroe

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NATIONALISM1824

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Henry Clays American SystemNational BankFirst B.U.S. had expired in 1811Internal ImprovementsInfrastructure (roads, bridges, canals)Protective TariffBuild and protect domestic manufacturing

The Economics of NationalismJeffersonian or Hamiltonian?

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Henry Clays American SystemNational BankSecond B.U.S. chartered in 1816Internal Improvements

Protective TariffTariff of 1816The Economics of NationalismStrict or Loose Construction?

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Nancy PelosiSpeaker of the House 2009-2011

Wait... Theres more!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08uk99L8oqQ

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Calhouns Bonus Billfor constructing roads and canals, and improving the navigation of water courses, in order to facilitate internal commerce among the several States, and to render more easy and less expensive the means and provisions for the common defense

VETO

Calhoun

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QUESTION:Is an election map always an accurate measure of the national political climate?

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SECTIONALISMNORTHSOUTHWESTEconomyPolitical LeadersPolitical Issues

Commerce ManufacturingAgricultureAgriculture DevelopingDaniel WebsterJohn C. CalhounHenry ClayTariff (+) Slavery (-)Tariff (-) Slavery (+)Internal Improvements

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Henry Clays American SystemThe Economics of NationalismWho Benefits? Who doesnt?National BankFirst B.U.S. had expired in 1811Internal ImprovementsInfrastructure (roads, bridges, canals)Protective TariffBuild and protect domestic manufacturing

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The Missouri QuestionThe First Crisis of the Union

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:Are all states in the Union equal, or are some more equal than others?Can Congress impose conditions on new states that all states dont have to follow?

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Tallmadge Amendment(1819)"And provided, That the further introduction of slavery or involuntary servitude be prohibitedand that all children born within the said State, after the admission thereof into the Union, shall be free at the age of twenty-five years."

Rep. James Tallmadge, Jr.(R- NY)

Bicameralism at WorkConcurrent Majority

SENATEHOUSEPassed with Tallmadge AmendmentPassed without Tallmadge Amendment

CONFERENCE

The Man of the HourHenry Clays Compromise Proposal:

Admit Maine as a Free StateAdmit Missouri as a Slave StateProhibit slavery in the territories of the Louisiana Purchase north of the 3630 parallel.

3630

SLAVERY3630

The Sage of Monticello

SlaveryPrimary Source: Jefferson to John Holmes, April 22, 1820

The South

A South Carolina PerspectiveDuring the debate, Charles Pinckney (SC) defended slavery as a positive good.

Pinckneys opinions did not hold much water outside of South Carolina at the time, but as Northerners continued to criticize slavery, more Southerners began to defend the institution.

Pinckneys Speech

Pinckney

Bicameralism at WorkConcurrent Majority

SENATEPassed Clays CompromisePassed Clays Compromise

HOUSE

Crisis Averted Lets ReviewHenry Clays Compromise Proposal:

Admit Maine as a Free StateAdmit Missouri as a Slave StateProhibit slavery in the territories of the Louisiana Purchase north of the 3630 parallel.

The American Colonization SocietyFounded 1816

LiberiaColony established in AfricaCapital: Monrovia

Henry ClayCharter Memberaka: The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America

Notable Members of ACSJames Madison (U.S. President)James Monroe (U.S. President)Daniel Webster (U.S. Senator)Stephen Douglas (U.S. Senator)Henry Clay (Speaker of the House)Francis Scott Key (The Star Spangled Banner)John Marshall (Chief Justice)

Membership Certificate signed by James Madison Sold for $928 in 2006Madison served as President of the ACS from 1833-1836

Cotton

The Cotton GinMechanized cotton productionEli WhitneyOf Massachusetts

From Harpers Weekly (1869)

King CottonThe Souths dependence on slavery

The (in)Effectiveness of Colonization2,500,000 / 12,000 = 208

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OuLWgVOLbG4

The Monroe DoctrineThe American continents are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. . .

-- From Monroes Seventh Annual Message

EUROPE: KEEP OUT!!!

READ MYNEW COLONIES

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1824The end of an era