Sectionalism & Nationalism

Mr. KingCentral Cabarrus HS

Mr. KingCentral Cabarrus HS

Chapter 7 Section 1Chapter 7 Section 1

Changes in ManufacturingChanges in Manufacturingp 1793 Eli Whitney invents 1793 Eli Whitney invents cotton gincotton gin

p 1801 Eli Whitney pioneers use of interchangeable parts1801 Eli Whitney pioneers use of interchangeable parts

- - identicalidentical pieces used to used to assemble products pieces used to used to assemble products

p Factory system: power driven machinery; workers with Factory system: power driven machinery; workers with different tasksdifferent tasks

p Mass productionMass production is production of goods in large is production of goods in large quantitiesquantities

p Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution: social and economic : social and economic reorganizationreorganization

- The Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812 forced - The Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812 forced the the

United States to invest in domestic industriesUnited States to invest in domestic industries

- - machinesmachines replace hand tools replace hand tools

- leads to large scale factory production - leads to large scale factory production

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1793

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1793

Actually Actually invented by a invented by a

slave!slave!

Eli Whitney’s Gun FactoryEli Whitney’s Gun Factory

Interchangeable Parts RifleInterchangeable Parts Rifle

OliverEvansOliverEvans

First prototype of the First prototype of the locomotivelocomotive

First automated First automated flour millflour mill

John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837)

John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837)

Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper:

1831

Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper:

1831

Samuel F. B. MorseSamuel F. B. Morse

1840 – Telegraph1840 – Telegraph

Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable,

1858

Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable,

1858

Charles GoodyearCharles Goodyear

Vulcanized Vulcanized RubberRubber

Year: 1839Year: 1839

Made working Made working with rubber with rubber

easier (sticking easier (sticking when hot and when hot and

hard when cold)hard when cold)

Removed sulfur Removed sulfur and then heated and then heated

so it would so it would retained its retained its elasticityelasticity

Elias Howe & Isaac SingerElias Howe & Isaac Singer

1840s1840sSewing MachineSewing Machine

New England IndustrializesNew England Industrializesp Samuel Samuel SlaterSlater builds first thread factory in builds first thread factory in

Pawtucket, RI (1793)Pawtucket, RI (1793)

p LowellLowell, Appleton, and Jackson mechanize all , Appleton, and Jackson mechanize all phases of cloth making (1813)phases of cloth making (1813)

- built weaving factories in Waltham, MA and - built weaving factories in Waltham, MA and Lowell, MALowell, MA

- thousands, mostly young - thousands, mostly young womenwomen, leave , leave family farms to work in factoriesfamily farms to work in factories

- Lowell becomes booming manufacturing - Lowell becomes booming manufacturing centercenter

Samuel Slater(“Father of the Factory

System”)

Samuel Slater(“Father of the Factory

System”)

The Lowell/Waltham System:

First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant

The Lowell/Waltham System:

First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant

Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

Lowell in 1850Lowell in 1850

New EnglandTextile

Centers:

1830s

New EnglandTextile

Centers:

1830s

New England Dominance in Textiles

New England Dominance in Textiles

American Population Centers in 1820




National Origin of Immigrants:1820 - 1860

National Origin of Immigrants:1820 - 1860

Why now?Why now?

Regional SpecializationRegional Specialization

EAST EAST IndustrialIndustrial

SOUTH SOUTH Cotton & SlaveryCotton & Slavery

WEST WEST The Nation’s The Nation’s “Breadbasket”“Breadbasket”

Two Economic Systems DevelopTwo Economic Systems Developp CashCash cropscrops do not grow well in the North and do not grow well in the North and

farms are much smaller than in the Southfarms are much smaller than in the South

p Northern slavery Northern slavery dyingdying out by late 1700s out by late 1700s

p Cotton becomes Cotton becomes kingking in the South (due to Eli in the South (due to Eli Whitney)Whitney)

p Great demand for cotton in EuropeGreat demand for cotton in Europe

p Slavery becomes Slavery becomes entrenchedentrenched

p Plantation system established in Louisiana, Plantation system established in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and much of the SouthMississippi, Alabama and much of the South

Uniting the Nation’s Economic Interests

Uniting the Nation’s Economic Interestsp House Speaker Henry House Speaker Henry

Clay proposes plan as Clay proposes plan as the the American SystemAmerican System

- North produces - North produces manufactured manufactured goodsgoods

- - SouthSouth and West and West produce produce food and food and cottoncotton

- National currency - National currency and bank facilitate and bank facilitate tradetrade

- Tariff - Tariff protectsprotects American goodsAmerican goods

- America improves its - America improves its transportationtransportation system system

1790 First Turnpike: Lancaster, PA

1790 First Turnpike: Lancaster, PA

By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.connected most major cities.

1811: The National Road1811: The National Road

Erie Canal SystemErie Canal System

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat

1807: The 1807: The ClermontClermont

The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830)The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830)

1830 1830 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RROhio RR

By 1850 By 1850 9000 mi. of RR track [1860 9000 mi. of RR track [1860 31,000 31,000 mi.mi.]]

TheRailroad

Revolution,1850s

TheRailroad

Revolution,1850s

p Immigrant laborImmigrant laborbuilt the No. built the No. RRs.RRs.

p Slave laborSlave laborbuilt the So. built the So. RRs. RRs.

Chapter 7 Section 2Chapter 7 Section 2

Strengthening Government Economic Control

Strengthening Government Economic Controlp Gibbons v. OgdenGibbons v. Ogden:: Federal Federal

government controls government controls interstateinterstate commercecommerce

- - Ogden felt that only he had the right Ogden felt that only he had the right to run a steamboat on the Hudson to run a steamboat on the Hudson RiverRiver

p McCulloch v. MarylandMcCulloch v. Maryland: : StatesStates cannot cannot overturn laws passed by Congressoverturn laws passed by Congress

- - Maryland taxes local branch of Bank Maryland taxes local branch of Bank of U.S.of U.S.

- - John MarshallJohn Marshall declares this declares this unconstitutional: “The power to unconstitutional: “The power to taxtax is is the power to the power to destroydestroy””

Nationalism Pushes America WestNationalism Pushes America West

US Population 1800US Population 1800 US Population 1820US Population 1820

Nationalism Shapes Foreign PolicyNationalism Shapes Foreign Policy

p Secretary of State, Secretary of State, John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams, guided by nationalism, guided by nationalism

- makes treaties on Great Lakes, - makes treaties on Great Lakes, borders, and territories (borders, and territories (4949thth parallel parallel established by Convention of 1818)established by Convention of 1818)


p Spain gives up Spain gives up FloridaFlorida and claims to and claims to Oregon Territory in Adams-Onis Treaty Oregon Territory in Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819of 1819


p Monroe Monroe Doctrine Doctrine (1823) (1823) warns Europe warns Europe not to not to interfereinterfere in the Americasin the Americas

- U.S. will not - U.S. will not interfere in interfere in EuropeEurope


p Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

- When a territory’s population reaches - When a territory’s population reaches 60,000, the area may apply for 60,000, the area may apply for statehoodstatehood

- A compromise was reached to - A compromise was reached to preserve the balance between preserve the balance between freefree and and slaveslave states states

- - MaineMaine admitted to Union as a free admitted to Union as a free state, state, MissouriMissouri came in as a slave state came in as a slave state

- Louisiana Territory divided at - Louisiana Territory divided at 3636oo 30’ 30’ lineline

- Slavery - Slavery legallegal south of this line south of this line


The Compromise of 1820:The Compromise of 1820:

Documents

Sectionalism & Nationalism