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Blind Azimuth Phase Elimination for TerraSAR-X ScanSAR InterferometryAlex Zhe Hu, Linlin Ge and Xiaojing LiGeodesy and Earth Observing Systems Group (GEOS),School of Surveying and Spatial Information Systems,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Email: [email protected]
Contents
• Introduction• Methodology• Results and Discussions• Concluding Remarks
Contents
• Introduction• Methodology• Results and Discussions• Concluding Remarks
Introduction• ScanSAR Mode
– Burst Mode– Imaging time < a synthetic aperture
ScanSAR Mode
Stripmap Mode
image originally from Infoterra: http://www.infoterra.de
Introduction• ScanSAR Mode
– Cover multiple swathes– Large range coverage
ScanSAR Mode
Stripmap Mode
image originally from Infoterra: http://www.infoterra.de
Introduction• ScanSAR Interferometry
– Cover multiple swathes– Large range coverage
– Global DEM– Large-scale Earthquakes
Introduction• ScanSAR Interferometry
ALOS PALSAR
EnviSATASAR RADARSAT TerraSAR-X
L-band C-band C-band X-band
250–350km 400km 300–500km 150km
100m 75–150m 50–100m up to 16m
Shimada 2007 Ortiz and Zebker 2007
Holzner and Bamler 2002 ?
Introduction• TerraSAR-X ScanSAR Interferometry
– Distortion and signal loss in azimuth direction after resampling
– Only SLC data available for the public
Introduction• TerraSAR-X ScanSAR Interferometry
– Distortion and signal loss in azimuth direction after resampling
– Only SLC data available for the public
– Blind Azimuth Phase Elimination
Contents
• Introduction• Methodology• Results and Discussions• Concluding Remarks
Methodology• Phase Estimation Strategy
– The simulated burst for compensation should have similar fringe patterns
Methodology• Brief workflow
Determination of the Compensation Factor
Coarse Initialisation of the Key Parameter
Refining of the Key Parameter
Elimination of the Azimuth Phase
( ) ( )2 00s expstrip dmj f w
Tτ ττ π τ τ −⎛ ⎞⎡ ⎤= − ⋅ ⎜ ⎟⎣ ⎦ ⎝ ⎠
( ) ( )20exp rect c
scan dmb
Ts j fT
ττ π τ τ⎛ ⎞−⎡ ⎤= − ⋅ ⎜ ⎟⎣ ⎦ ⎝ ⎠
Moving Direction (Azimuth)
Sensor Sensor
Target
Synthetic Aperture
Stripmap
Moving Direction (Azimuth)
Sensor Sensor
Target
Burst Time
ScanSAR
• Determination of the Compensation Factor
Methodology
Moving Direction (Azimuth)
Sensor Sensor
Target
Synthetic Aperture
Stripmap
Moving Direction (Azimuth)
Sensor Sensor
Target
Burst Time
ScanSAR
• Determination of the Compensation Factor
Methodology
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )0sincstrip strip ref dmc s s T f Tτ τ τ π τ τ= ∗ = ⋅ −⎡ ⎤⎣ ⎦
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ){ }2 20 0sinc expscan scan ref b dm b dm c cc s s T f T j f T Tτ τ τ π τ τ π τ τ⎡ ⎤= ∗ = ⋅ − ⋅ − − − −⎡ ⎤⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Moving Direction (Azimuth)
Sensor Sensor
Target
Synthetic Aperture
Stripmap
Moving Direction (Azimuth)
Sensor Sensor
Target
Burst Time
ScanSAR
Methodology
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )0sincstrip strip ref dmc s s T f Tτ τ τ π τ τ= ∗ = ⋅ −⎡ ⎤⎣ ⎦
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ){ }2 20 0sinc expscan scan ref b dm b dm c cc s s T f T j f T Tτ τ τ π τ τ π τ τ⎡ ⎤= ∗ = ⋅ − ⋅ − − − −⎡ ⎤⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
( ) ( ){ }2exp dm cg j f Tτ π τ⎡ ⎤= −⎣ ⎦
• Determination of the Compensation Factor
Moving Direction (Azimuth)
Sensor Sensor
Target
Synthetic Aperture
Stripmap
Moving Direction (Azimuth)
Sensor Sensor
Target
Burst Time
ScanSAR
( ) ( )
Methodology
{ }2exp dm cg j f Tτ π τ⎡ ⎤= −⎣ ⎦
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )0sinc expscan scan ref b dm bc s s g T f T jτ τ τ τ π τ τ φ⎡ ⎤= ∗ ⋅ = ⋅ − ⋅⎡ ⎤⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
• Determination of the Compensation Factor
Methodology• Coarse Initialisation of the Key Parameter
– The compensation factor is a function of burst duration Tb
( ) ( ){ } ( ){ }2 2exp exp 2dm c dm s bg j f T j f T Tτ π τ π τ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤= − = − −⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Methodology• Coarse Initialisation of the Key Parameter
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ){ }( ) ( ) ( ){ }
1
1
scan scan ref scan ref
strip ref
c s s F F s F s
F a S W F s
τ τ τ τ τ
ω ω τ
−
−
⎡ ⎤= ∗ = ⋅⎡ ⎤⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤= ⋅ ∗ ⋅⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Methodology• Coarse Initialisation of the Key Parameter
– time difference between two peaks of sincfunction is determined by Tb
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ){ }( ) ( ) ( ){ }
1
1
scan scan ref scan ref
strip ref
c s s F F s F s
F a S W F s
τ τ τ τ τ
ω ω τ
−
−
⎡ ⎤= ∗ = ⋅⎡ ⎤⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤= ⋅ ∗ ⋅⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
( ) ( ){ } ( ){ } ( )11 sincscan ref strip bb
F F F c F s F S TaT
τ τ ω ω− ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤⋅ =⎡ ⎤⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Methodology• Coarse Initialisation of the Key Parameter
Methodology• Refining of the Key Parameter
– Iteratively approaching to the real value
Methodology• Comprehensive workflow
Burst N
Calculatinginitial burstduration Tb0
Generatingcompensation
Burst
Computingcorrelation
factor
compensationBurst
Correlationdecreasing?
IncreasingTb
Final compBurst
Y
N
Fittingcorrelation to find the peak
Contents
• Introduction• Methodology• Results and Discussions• Concluding Remarks
Information Master Image Slave Image
Acquisition Date 16 February 2010 27 February 2010
Acquisition Start Time 02:56:12 (UTC) 02:56:13 (UTC)
Acquisition Stop Time 02:56:30 (UTC) 02:56:31 (UTC)
Number of Swathes 4 (strip_04 – strip_07)
Number of Bursts 59 (strip_04 – strip_07) 61 (strip_04 – strip_07)
Central Latitude 28.785 ° 28.785 °
Central Longitude 47.514 ° 47.513°
Range Resolution 2.504 (metre) 2.503 (metre)
Azimuth Resolution 18.5 (metre) 18.5 (metre)
Results and Discussions
Original Bursts
Results and Discussions
Original Bursts
Compensation Phases
Results and Discussions
Original Bursts
Compensation Phases
Bursts after azimuth phase elimination
Results and Discussions
Resampled slave Burst-based interferogram
Results and Discussions
TerranSAR-X ScanSARInterferogram
ScanSAR Derived Height Value
-Pi Pi 0 300m
Results and Discussions
ScanSAR Derived DEM
Results and Discussions
Histogram of the difference
Results and Discussions
Height difference to SRTM DEM-50 50m
Contents
• Introduction• Methodology• Results and Discussions• Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks• Simplifying the TerraSAR-X ScanSAR
interferometry by making it Stripmap-like• Precise enough to remove the non-linear
azimuth phases• Providing a solution for TerraSAR-X
ScanSAR interferometry starts from SLC data
• Can also be applied to other advanced SAR system with non-linear azimuth phases, such as Spotlight
Acknowledgement:
The authors are grateful to Infoterra for providing the TerraSAR-X ScanSAR dataset on this research.
The first author also sincerely thanks GEOS and the Faculty of Engineering of UNSW for supporting his scholarship on his PhD study.