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At sixteen I was stupid, confused, insecure and indecisive. At twenty-
five I was wise, self-confident, prepossessing and assertive. At forty-five I am stupid, confused,
insecure and indecisive. Who would have supposed that maturity is only
a short break in adolescence?
STRESS AND STORM
POTENTIALS AND
CHALLENGES
PERIOD OF
OR
Webster dictionary, "adolescence is the period of life from puberty to maturity terminating legally at the age of majority”
World Health Organization, “Adolescence is the period between 10 and 19 years”
Piaget describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form and the egocentric thoughts decrease
Adolescence is characterized by considerable physical, emotional and social changes
Adolescence is an important period in
the growth and development of an
individual
MAJOR CONCERNS OF ADOLESCENT STUDENTS
DEVELOPING AN IDENTITY MANAGING
EMOTIONS
RESISTING PEER PRESSURE
BUILDING
RELATION
TUTORIAL GROUP NO. 10
• TO KNOW THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE ADOLESCENTS, PRINCIPALS,TEACHERS AND PARENTS
• FOR GOING DEEPER INTO THE ACTUAL LIFE SITUATIONS FACED BY AN ADOLESCENT AND THEIR IMPACT
• FOR TESTING AND FURTHER IMPROVEMENT OF THE TOOLS OF THE STUDY
• FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR PRESSURES FACED BY THE ADOLESCENTS
PRELIMI-NARY STUDY
PILOT STUDY
ADMINIST-RATION OF
THE TOOLS
CASE STUDY
A Preliminary study was conducted to identify the major pressures faced by the adolescents today. This was done with total sample( 100: Government school; 100: Private school)
Major observations are….
27%
15%
48%
4%1%
5%
19% 21%
49%
6%2% 3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Peer pressure Parentalpressure
Academicpressure
Family conflicts Any other No answer
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
ADOLESCENCE
PEER PRESSURE
ACADEMIC PRESSURE
PARENTAL PRESSURE
Adolescents feel pressurized
because of their parent’s desire to choose a stream of their choice
Adolescents face peer pressure to
go with their friends in their
desired streams
Schools put a lot of pressure on students to score good marks, if they want to choose their desired stream
There is conflict of interest
between parents, peers and
adolescents
Adolescent age is considered to be a
crucial stage where appropriate
decisions need to be taken regarding
future career prospects, thus
pressurizing students
Teachers pressurize
adolescents to score well and
participate in all scholastic and co-
scholastic activities
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
A mentally or emotionally disruptive or upsetting condition occurring in
response to adverse external influences
Peer pressure is the influence of a social group on an individual.
Teenagers feel social pressure to conform to the group of peers with
whom they socialize
Parental support and pressure and children's extracurricular activities: relationships with amount of involvement and
effective experience of participation
Pressure faced by students exerted by scholastic and co-
scholastic activities in the school
To identify various pressures faced by the school going adolescents
To explore the possible impact of such pressures on student’s performance in(a)Academic(b)Co-curricular activities
To study the changes in an adolescent’s behavior towards(a) Parents(b) Peers
A study was conducted on adolescents' academic outcomes through improvements in parental
relationships. The results showed in addition to improvements in parental relationships,
mentoring led to reductions in unexcused absences and improvements in perceived
scholastic competence
A study was conducted on adolescents' academic outcomes through improvements in parental relationships. The results showed in addition to
Adolescents' academic outcomes through improvements in
parental relationships ( Jean E. Rhodes, Jean B. Grossman,
Nancy L. Resch) 1988
By a ratio of nearly four-to-one, adults in America, the parents are placing too little (56%) rather than too much (15%) pressure on students, with the remaining quarter (24%) saying that parents are exerting the right amount of pressure. Whereas when the same question was posed in Asia, the results were the mirror image of those found in the United States.( Asia includes Indiachina, japan)
Parental Pressure on Students: Not Enough in America: ; Too Much
in Asia (RichardWike and Juliana Menasce Horowitz) 1994
For academic pressure it is seen that the anxiety attacks during the time of exam results are very high and hence helplines are set to offer help to
stressed-out parents and students.Figures revealed that during times like these, suicidal tendencies run
high among students
Parental pressure can result in suicides by(ArunimaRajan) 2003
This review is concerned with the meaning and the processes of peer pressure in relation to smoking behaviour amongst pre-adolescent and adolescent pupils. Results suggest that individuals play a more active role in starting to smoke and that social process other than peer pressure need to be taken into account
May 30, 1995.Peer pressure to smoke: the meaning depends on the method
L. Michell and P. West
To measure peer conformity dispositions (willingness to accede to peer pressure), perceptions of peer pressure, and self-reported frequency of behaviour concerning two major
aspects of teenage life: peer involvement (degree of socializing with friends) and misconduct (drug/alcohol use,
sexual intercourse, and minor delinquent behaviour. Perceived peer pressure and conformity disposition accounted for more of the variance in self-reported misconduct than in self-reported peer involvement
22 March 1985 Perceptions of Peer Pressure, Peer Conformity
Dispositions, and Self-Reported Behavior Among Adolescents
(Bradford Browna, , Donna Rae Clasenb and Sue Ann Eichera)
A study was conducted on school-based alcohol misuse prevention. The indices measuring susceptibility to peer
pressure, self-esteem, and internal health locus of control were significantly and negatively correlated with most of the substance use, misuse, and intention items, and an external health locus of control index was not significantly related to most of the substance use, misuse, and intention items. The
"Susceptibility to Peer Pressure" index correlated more highly with the adolescent substance use, misuse, and intention items than the self-esteem or the health locus of control
indices, and it had the highest alpha coefficient
Susceptibility to Peer Pressure, Self-Esteem, and Health Locus of Control
as Correlates of Adolescent Substance Abuse
(T.E. Dielman) 1990
This study examines the nature of peer pressures perceived by
early adolescents, the degree and direction of peer pressures
they perceived from friends and acquaintances, and to describe
their personal attitudes and behaviour in areas corresponding
to index items. Analyses revealed that peers were seen as
encouraging misconduct less than other types of behavior.
Females reported stronger peer pressure than males toward
conformity (to peer norms) and social involvement, but the
genders did not differ in perceptions of misconduct or pro-
adult pressures. Associations between perceived pressures and
personal attitudes or behavior were significant but modest, and
sometimes were mediated by gender or grade level
Early Adolescents' Perceptions of Peer Pressure
B. Bradford Brown(1988)
METHODOLOGY
CENTRAL
NCR
WEST EAST
SOUTH
LOCALE
CONVENIENT SAMPLING
ADOLESCENTS BETWEEN 13 TO 17 YEARS OF AGE HAS
BEEN CHOSEN
Studying in government schools (n=100)
Studying in public schools (n=100)
OPINION ON PROBLEMS RELATED
TO ADOLESCENT PERIOD
Parents
(n=20)
Teachers(n=20)
Principals
(n=5)
FACING PROBLEMS RELATED TO PEER
PRESSURE AND FAMILY CONFLICTS
IN HIS ADOLESCENT PERIOD
A case is identified in
east Delhi (n=1)
TO
OL
S
QUESTIONNAIRES
INTERVIEW SCHEDULES
CASE STUDY
PILOT STUDY
20% OF THE TOTAL SAMPLE
SIZE(200) i.e. 40
REFRAMED
DELETED
ADDED NEW QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS WERE
SITUATION BASED QUESTIONS.QUESTIONS TO BRING OUT THE CHANGE
IN BEHAVIOR IN SOME SITUATIONS.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
PERCENTAGES
ANALYSIS
ADOLESCENTS’ PERSPECTIVE
44%
27% 29%
1%
67%
26%
13%
0%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Always Sometimes Rarely Never
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSEGOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
46% 45%
1%8%
20%
49%
21%
10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Always Sometimes Rarely Never
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSEGOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
11%
31%
15%
37%
5%0% 0%
20% 22%
9%4% 4% 6% 3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Restraintelevision
viewing hours
Force you tostudy
Noextracurricular
activities
Make sure youstudy by sitting
in your room
Take off fromoffice duringyour exams
None of theabove
Any other
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
58%
18%
9%15%
0%
16%
35%
14%
34%
10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Always Sometimes Rarely Never No answer
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
27%
47%
9%
17%
0%
30%36%
13% 13%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Always Sometimes Rarely Never No answer
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
17%
40%35%
8%
0%
17%
57%
19% 20%
7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Always Sometimes Rarely Never No answer
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
42% 44%
7% 7%
0%
30%34%
19%13%
8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Always Sometimes Rarely Never No answer
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
57%
23%
6%
14%
50%
30%
4%
15%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Always Sometimes Rarely Never
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSEGOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
27%
11%16%
3% 5%
38%
0% 0%
13% 13%
30%
3%0%
24%
4%7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Pretend youare studying
Keep booksopen all the
time
Devotemaximun time
on studies
Behaveaggressively
Start crying &feel frustrated
Feel no oneunderstands
you
Leave thehome
None of theabove
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
72%
11% 12%5%
0% 0%
48%
10%17%
11% 12%
2%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Comparison ofperformance
Scolding &insulting in
front of others
Forcing tostudy for long
hours
Imposingrestrictions
None of theabove
Any other
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Comparison with friends & relatives, 60%
T.V., Social networking
sites, 65.50%
Studies, Score Well,
33%Selection of friends, Time
spent at home, 17.50%
Family supports in studies,
55.50%
Scolding & Insulting, 42.50%
Spend time with Family , 77%
Comparison with friends& relatives
T.V., Social networkingsites
Studies, Score Well
Selection of friends, Timespent at home
Family supports instudies
Scolding & Insulting
Spend time with Family
7%
32%
61%
20%
35%
45%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Join birthday party Remain at home Because of parent's respectattend whole party
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
7%
51%
3%8%
31%
0% 0%
8%
18%
38%
3% 4% 4%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Easilyavailable at
home
Friend's werehaving at a
party
Curiosityabout its
taste
Make youlook cool &
you canboast it
Feelingstressed out& felt it a way
out
No answer # Never do it
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
39%
10% 10%
23%18%
0%
10%
29%
18%
41%
0% 1%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Devote much lessertime than before
Involveboyfriend/girlfriend
in peer group
Avoid peer group None of the above Any other No answer
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Hobby classes, 24%
Chatting on Social Networking sites
& cellphones, 35%
Going out with friends,
17%
Influence to secure low marks,
18.50%
Substance abuse, 30.50%
Peer Pressure in general, 23%
Hobby classes
Chatting on SocialNetworking sites &cellphones
Going out with friends
Influence to secure lowmarks
Substance abuse
Peer Pressure in general
78%
22%
62%
40%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes No
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
14% 16%
48%
0% 0% 0%
19%23%
9%2% 3%
10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1 Subject 2 Subjects 3 Subjects 4 Subjects 5 Subjects No answer
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
SUBJECTSGOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
25%
9% 6%
52%
8%
0% 0%
16%11%
25%
37%
16%
1% 1%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Unable to bearthe burden
Feel depressed Angry/frustrated Feel likerunning away
Feel likespending time
with friends
No answer Prefer studying
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
13%
75%
12%
0%
25%
68%
6%1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Devote time on studies Perform duties at annualday & then start with
studies
Feel stressed out & avoidboth
No answer
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Tuitions. 70%
School duties/responsibilities & examination.
14.00%
Test at coaching center & school.
64.50%
Lots of home-work.
7% Extreme workload. 48.50%
Co-curricular activities. 5%
Tuitions
Schoolduties/responsibilities &examinationTest at coaching center& school
Lots of home-work
Extreme workload
PARENTS’ PERSPECTIVE
5%
30%
10%
20% 20%
5% 5% 5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Naughty Stays awayfrom family
Capable ofdoing
everything
Moody Findfriendsmore
supportive
Attached tomother
Quiet Shifts awayfrom
studies
RESPONSE
Series1
60%
25%
15%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes No Sometimes
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
25%20%
5%
20% 20%
10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
5%
20%15%
35%
20%
5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
15%20%
15%
5%10%
25%
10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Almost daily Occasionally When instress
Many timesfrom parent's
side
Hardly talks According tothe situation
Rarely
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
60%
15%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
P.T.A. Once a month Whenever called
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
15%
25%
10%15%
35%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Not found anysuch thing
Strict action No answer Upset Informallycounsel the child
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
80%
20%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes No
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
35%
25%
10% 10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Help them to makesound decisions
Very important Peer educators No answer
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
5%
15%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Students should themselves understand Complicated stage to understand
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVE
25%
10% 10%
30%25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Good values &habits
Provide love &care
Full freedom Understand theirproblems
Impart life skills
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
25%
35%
15%10% 10%
5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Workload Peer pressure Lack of interestin studies
Do not listen Understandingrelationships
No answer
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
25%
15%
40%
20%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Academicperformance
Participation in CCA Disturbed state ofmind
Substance abuse
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
20%25%
30%25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Peer pressure Challenges inlife/Stress
Careerexpectations
Conflict withFamily/Friends
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
35%
65%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes No
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
10%15%
10%
0%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Question Box Directly Class teacher Parents
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
25%
35%
5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Class teacher Friends Any other (teacher)
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
RESPONSE
Series1
PRINCIPAL’S PERSPECTIVE
Once in a month
40%Once in 6 months
40%
Never20%
Student counselor
Regular Workshops in schools
Crucial role of teachers
Active Role of parents
CASE STUDY
PROFILE
NAME : VARUN KHURANA
AGE : 16 YEARS
CLASS : 11 th
INTERVIEW
SUBJECT
PARENTS
INTERACTION
(INFORMAL)
SUBJECT
CLOSE RELATIVES
LACK OF PARENTAL SUPPORT
FREQUENTLY DROPPING OUT FROM SCHOOL
PEER INFLUENCE
SUBSTANCE ABUSE FOR LAST ONE YEAR
NO ONE UNDERSTANDS HIM
LACK OF MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN HIM AND HIS PARENTS
NO REGRETS
NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR VARUN’S SITUATION
BLAMES THE FRIEND CIRCLE FOR VARUN’S CURRENT STATE
CHANGING VARUN’S SCHOOL WAS A WRONG DECISION
STAYING WITH HIS MATERNAL AUNT
DROPPED OUT FROM SCHOOL
TRYING TO DRIFT AWAY SUBSTANCE ABUSE
CONCLUSIONS FROM THE STUDY
PARENTAL PRESSURE ON ADOLESCENTS
To study hard
To score well in exams
Because of the objections on activities like t.v. ,social networking sites, phone calls etc
Because of the objections on spending time with friends
Because of the comparison of performance with classmates and relatives
Substance abuse
For Relationships
Pressure for other activities(partying, night outs…)
Image consciousness
Peer approval
For Bunking classes
PEER PRESSURE
ACADEMIC PRESSURE
Family conflicts
Poor teaching by some of the teachers in the school
Dis-interest in subjects
Friends’ influence
No support from the family in studies
Majority of the Government school
adolescents feel parental pressure for
studies.
They are also stressed due to
the poor teaching facilities in their
schools. Majority of them take
tuitions in more than two subjects
Peer pressure is comparatively
lesser in the Government
school adolescents
The extent of peer pressure is much higher
in the Public school adolescents
They may choose their friends over their parents in some situations
like attending birthday parties
etc.
They feel the academic pressure
but lesser percentage of them resort to
tuitions
Majority of the adolescents feel angry and frustrated due to
the restrictions imposed on them by the parents
Majority of them share their
feelings and concerns with
their friends and some teachers
rather than their parents
• Notice significant changes in their adolescent’s behavior and activities
• Feel restrictions are important
• Majority agreed to the importance of ‘Adolescence Education’ in school.
PARENTS
• Showed concerns over peer pressure and academic pressure on adolescents
• Admitted that about 40-50% adolescents are affected in academics and co-curricular activities due to family conflicts
TEACHERS
SAMPLING
Limited to Delhi only
Sample size is
limited(200)
Age group of the
respondents is limited(13
to 17)
METHODOLOGY
Single tool used for all the
adolescents (Questionnaire)
Single tool used for parents,
principals and teachers
(Interview Schedule)
Gender differences
could not be taken as a possible
dimension of the study
A need for sensitization of adolescents as well as the society at large about this crucial period of human life
The parents also need to understand their role in bringing up their child to be balanced and a mature person
The role of teachers is no less in the effective development of an adolescent
REGULAR WORKSHOPS AND
PROBLEM SHARING
SESSIONS WITH THE
ADOLESCENTS
PARALLEL WORKSHOPS FOR
PARENTS AND THEIR
ADOLESCENT CHILDREN TO
HAVE A COMMON PERSPECTIVE
TRAINING OF TEACHERS IN
UNDERSTANDING THE NEEDS OF ADOLESCENTS
IMPARTING LIFE-SKILLS
EDUCATION TO MAKE THEM SELF-
SUFFICIENT
REGULAR SESSIONS FOR
YOGA,MEDITATIONAND CREATIVE
ACTIVITIES
DUE TO THE ACTIVE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN OUR LIFE TODAY, E-COUNSELLING
FACILITIES SHOULD BE
PROVIDED AT A LARGE SCALE
COLLABORATIONBETWEEN
SCHOOLS,NGOs AND PRIVATE
PRACTITIONERS
ADOLESCENCE EDUCATION SHOULD BE
MANDATORY, AT LEAST AT
SCHOOL LEVEL
QUALIFIED COUNSELLORS IN
EVERY PRIVATE AND
GOVERNMENT SCHOOL
Brown, B. Bradford, Lohr, Mary Jane, McClenahan, Eben L. Early
(1992):Adolescents' Perceptions of Peer Pressure
Browna,Bradford , Clasenb, Donna Rae,Eichera, Sue Ann (1985) :Perceptions of Peer Pressure,
Peer Conformity Dispositions, and Self-Reported Behavior Among Adolescents
Dielman, T.E., .Campanelli, Pamela C., Shope, Jean T.,ButchartAmy T.,Susceptibility (1980) : Peer
Pressure, Self-Esteem, and Health Locus of Control as Correlates of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Hansen , William B., Graham , John W.( 1990) :Preventing alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use among adolescents:
Peer pressure resistance training versus establishing conservative norms
Rajan (1988) ,Arunima Parental pressure can result in suicides
Michell , L., West, P (1995) Peer pressure to smoke: the meaning depends on the method
Journal Of Youth And Adolescence. DOI: 10.1023/A:1005152515264 Vol.29 (163-182)
Dhingra, Meera (1850) Peer acceptance among adolescent boys & girls
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•Rajan ,Arunima Parental pressure can result in suicides
ADITI SHAHKRISHNA
BHARDWAJMANSI
BHATNAGARNEHA
NAMRATA
SHALU VERMA
PREETI GUSAIN
VARTIKA GOVIL
SHRUTI JOSHI
PRAGYA
VANDANA SACHDEV
SWATI VERMA
NEHA SURI