Parasitic Diseases of Exotic Carp in Bangladesh

Introduction:

Diseases affect the normal health conditions and cause reduction of growth, abnormal metabolic activates and even death. It also deteriorates the normal health condition of fish and cause fish mortality, thus results great economic loss. A majority of freshwater fishes carry heavy infection of parasites which cause deterioration in the food value of fish and may even result in their mortality. Besides these, there are a number of helminth parasites which are transmitted to human beings only through fish.

Materials and Methods:

A total number of 1431 fishes were examined of which 793 species were infected by different ecto and endoparasites from July, 2004 to June 2006. To find out parasites, fish was examined fresh while the parasites were still alive because their movement aids in locating and identifying them. External parasites from body surface, fin and gill were removed by scrapping the slime with a sharp scalpel in a drop of water on a clean dry glass slide and spreaded it evenly. The gill arches were removed and macerated on slides and examined under a compound binocular and trinocular microscope. Ecto and endoparasites were identified up to genus on the basis of available taxonomical characters as described by Yamaguti (1958, 1963), Hafizuddin and Shahabuddin (1996), Agarwal and Sharma (1988). After identification only metazoan parasites were preserved in AFA (120 ml distilled water+ 6 ml Ethyl Alcohol+ 30 ml Formalin+10 ml Glycerin+0.5% neutral or methylene blue/Acetocarmine) solution for detailed study.

Level of Infestation:

Level of infestation was measured as follows- Low: 1 – 5 parasites / slide, Medium : 6 – 10 parasites / slide, High: more than 11 parasites / slide.

Results and Discussion:

A total of seven ectoparasite species and ten endoparasite species were found from the studied species.

a.Hypophthalmichthys molitrix: The prevalence, abundance and mean densities were 10.03%, 0.50 and 5.00 respectively of Dactylogyrus sp. For Camallanus sp., prevalence, abundance and mean densities were 6.69%, 0.30 and 4.50 respectively. . The infection was low. H. molitrix were infected by Argulus sp.The infected organs were gill, skin and intestine.

b.Cyprinus carpio var. specularis: Prevalence, abundance and mean densities were 10.43%, 0.43 and 4.14 respectively of Trichodina sp. For Chilodonella sp., prevalence, abundance and mean densities were 15.40%, 0.54 and 10.00 respectively. C. carpio var. specularis were infected by Gyrodactylus sp. The other parasites are Metadena, Marsipometra, Procamallanus.

c.Cyprinus idellus: Commonly found parasites are Gyrodactylus sp., Tricodina sp., Dactyloyrus sp., Argulus sp. For Gyrodactylus sp., prevalence, abundance and mean densities were 10.75%, 0.50 and 4.67 respectively.

d.Cyprinus carpio var. communis: C. carpio var. communis were infected by Ichthyophthirius sp., Chilodonella sp., Gyrodactylus sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Metadena sp., Rhopalothyrax sp., Procamallanus sp., Argulus sp., and Lamproglena sp.,Gyrodactylus sp. and Argulus sp. infection were high.

e.Puntius gonionotus: P. gonionotus were infected by Trichodina sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Gorgotrema sp., Senga sp. and Argulus sp.and Argulus sp infection was high.

Conclusion:

Parasites are the main problem for our aquaculture system. Parasites need to be eliminated as much as possible from the gill, fin, surface of the body. If we’re able to do this , fish production of our country would increase dramatically.