ACADEMIC HONESTYCitation?

237d May, 2016

Zakir HossainTeacher-Librarian

PLAGIARISM AND CITATION BASICS

A QUICK GUIDE ON HOW TO PROPERLY RESEARCH…without getting in trouble!

PLAGIARISM? To plagiarize means “to commit

literary theft.”“To present as new and original an idea or

product derived from an existing source.”

You must give credit to the “owner” of the information that you use in your paper, otherwise you are STEALING!

PLAGIARISM…Exceptions!Certain well-known facts do not need

to be cited.◦Ex: Walt Disney founded the Disney

company and created one of the most well-known cartoon characters of all time, Mickey Mouse. (NOT PLAGIARISM)

◦Ex: Raised on a farm near Marceline, Missouri, Walt became interested in drawing at an early age, selling his first sketches to neighbors when he was only seven years old. (PLAGIARISM—IF NOT CITED)

Why cite? Proper citation is a key element in academic scholarship and

intellectual exchange. When we cite we: show respect for the work of others help a reader to distinguish our work from the work of others

who have contributed to our work give the reader the opportunity to check the validity of our

use of other people’s work give the reader the opportunity to follow up our references,

out of interest show and receive proper credit for our research process demonstrate that we are able to use reliable sources and

critically assess them to support our work establish the credibility and authority of our knowledge and

ideas demonstrate that we are able to draw our own conclusions share the blame (if we get it wrong).

WHEN DO I NEED TO CITE?

Whenever you borrow words or ideas:whenever you use quoteswhenever you paraphrasewhenever you use an idea that

someone else has already expressedwhenever you make specific reference

to the work of anotherwhenever someone else's work has

been critical in developing your own ideas.

In order to prevent plagiarism, we must cite sources we use..

• Ideally, no more than 25 percent of your paper should be direct quotations..

• Paraphrase as much as you can..

• Use direct quotations when citing a statistic or original theory..

• Use author's words if they capture a point exactly..

YOU SHOULD KNOW ……

MLA Citation Style

In-text or Parenthetical Citations

Bibliographical references/ Cited works/ References (The first word of your citation match the corresponding entry on your Works Cited page!)

In-Text or Parenthetical Citations

…a system in which you give your source in parentheses immediately

after you give the information.

MLA In-Text Citation – Author & Page No.

(Keeling 125)

Notice there is no “p” and no comma.

The struggle for identity is common during puberty (Keeling 125).

In-Text Citations – Title & Page No.

Her distinctive writing style adds to her mystique (“Plath” 19).

Often, articles, editorials, pamphlets, and other materials have no author listed; thus, give the first distinctive word of the title followed by page #

*You add the full title only if it is short. If it is a long title, you only use the first one or two words.

In-Text Citations – Page No. Only

• If you have already mentioned the author’s name, put a page number only:

Keeling states that struggle for identity is common during puberty (125).

In-Text Citation – Organization as Author

Often, an organization serves as the author:The National Council for Teachers of English

state that students bring insider knowledge of youth culture and a passion for and investment in its texts and practices (5).

OR

Students bring insider knowledge of youth culture (“National Council” 5).

Other forms of In-Text Citations

1. Two authors:(Johnson and Rodriguez 221)

2. Three or more authors:(Johnson et al. 75) “et al.” means “and others”

3. A work with no page numbers (like a webpage):(Johnson)

Bibliographical ReferencesA Book with One AuthorFor example:(sample)Last, First. Book Title. City: Publisher, Year.

(example)Gilligan, Carol. In a Different Voice. Cambridge: Harvard Press, 1982.

Underline or italic

A Book with Two+ Authors

You just need to add the second author’s name, but this time the second author goes First Name first, Last Name Last.

For example:

(sample)Last, First and First Last. Book Title. City: Publisher, Year.

(example)Embry, Carol and Joseph Addison. The lives of the Eighteenth Century Satirists. London: Penguin, 1796.*Notice that when a citation does not fit on one line, the next line starts 5 spaces in from the first line.

A Book with an Editor (or two!)

For example:

(sample)Last, First, ed. Book Title. City: Publisher, Year.

(example)Bloom, Harold, ed. Shakespeare’s Baudy. Stratford- upon-Avon: Globe Press, 1996.

An Article from an journal/magazine/newspaper

For example:(sample)Last, First. “Article Title.” Name of …. Volume: Issue Number Date of publication: page numbers. Name of database. Vendor. Date Visited<site address of database>.

(example-Online)Khan, John. “The Chinese Theatre.” Journal of Drama Studies June 2003: 145-68. Proquest. Gale Learning. 2 May 2011 <www.aclibrary.org>.

An Internet SiteFor example:(sample)Last, First. “Title of page.” Title of home page. Date written or posted (day month, year). Date visited <site address of title page>.

(example)

Smith, Mary. “Science in America.” United States Science. 3 May 2010. Access on 12 Nov 2015<http://spaceflight.usa.gov/spacenews.html>.

Now for some practice!

• Which of the following examples is a correctly formatted citation for a one author book, where the quoted material comes from page 75?

(Jones, 75) (Jones, p.75)

(Jones page 75)(Jones 75)

A

C

B

D

Correct!(Jones 75)

In text citations for one author books only contain the author’s last name and the page number. You should not put a comma, “p.” or “page.”

Which of the following examples is a correctly formatted citation for a two author book, where the quoted material starts on page 84 and ends on page 86?

(Garica and Lo, 84-86) (Garica and Lo 84-86)

(Garica & Lo 84 to 86)(Garica & Lo 84-86) D

B

C

A

Correct!

In text citations for two author books contain the authors’ last names separated by “and”, and the page number. When there is a range of pages, you put the starting page, a dash, and then the ending page.

(Garica and Lo 84-86)

The example below is what kind of a bibliographic citation?

Erickson, Leif. “How I discovered America.” Journal of Viking Studies 24 (1991): 25-42.

Periodical Book with one author

NewspaperWebpage

Correct!

Bibliographic citations that have “” quotation marks, automatically should tell you that it is a selection in another publication. Therefore, these types of citations are either journal, magazine, or newspaper articles (all periodicals).

Periodical

In the following citation, what part of it is incorrect?

Holland, Merlin, and Miller, John. The Big Book of Stories. Chicago: Altamira Press, 2000.

City 2nd Author’s Name

1st Author’s NamePublisher

Correct!

Bibliographic citations list the first author’s name “last name” first and “first name” last, but all other authors are listed “first name” first and “last name” last.

2nd Author’s Name

BEWARE OF CERTAIN SITES!You should know by now that WIKIPEDIA

and .com sites are unreliable sources.

Watch…See what I mean?

Stick to .edu, .org, or .gov sites, which come from reliable educational institutions, organizations, or the government.

What you learned today

In this lesson you learned:1. about plagiarism,2. the importance of citation styles, 3. and how to use MLA citation style.

Good Luck building your research paper. Use your LRC—we can help you be Successful!

Cited works

“Plagiarism and Citation Basic”. Aceess on 2 Nov 2015 http://www.slideshare.net/caitlingillmett/plagiarism-and-citation-basics

“Trinity College Library”. MLA Citation. Access on 11 Oct 2015 http://www.slideshare.net/caitlingillmett/plagiarism-and-citation-basics