ONG SHWU CHYN D20091034817

SBF3033 - Animal Physiology

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100627201251.htm

MENOPAUSE

Women

Ovulation and menstruation cease

No longer fertile

Normally occurs between ages 45-55

Change of hormonal production and balancing

Effects of gonadotrophic hormones (GH), follicle-

stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Unbalancing between estrogen and progesterone

Physical symptoms

Mood changes

Weight gain

Hot flushes

PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS OF MENOPAUSE

FUNCTIONS OF HORMONES

HORMONES FUNCTION

Gonadotrophic Hormones (GH) Stimulate reproductive activity of

ovaries

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Ripening of graafian follicles that

produce ova

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Corpus luteum formation

Progesterone Prepared inner lining of uterus for

implantation

Estrogen Promote onset of secondary sexual

characteristics

Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)/ Mullerian

Inhibitor Substance

Control development of follicles in

ovaries

Indicate ovarian reserve or function

Determine fertility

HOW TO PREDICT??

Using blood test

Women in aged 20-49

Measured the concentration of anti-

mullerian hormone (AMH)

Took two further blood samples at three

years interval

Also collected socioeconomic

background, reproductive history

Physical examination every three years

MENOPAUSE

Age Size of pool of growing follicle

Fertility

AMH

INTERPRETATION OF ANTI-MULLERIAN

HORMONE (AMH) LEVEL

Interpretation AMH Blood Level

High > 3.0 ng/ml

Normal > 1.0 ng/ml

Low Normal Range 0.7-0.9 ng/ml

Low 0.3-0.6 ng/ml

Very Low < 0.3 ng/ml

If a 20-year-old woman has concentration of serum AMH of 2.8 ng.ml, menopause will estimate at about 35-38 years old.

Early menopause

< 4.1 ng/ml at 20, 3.3 ng/ml at 25, 2.4 ng/ml at 30

Menopause after 50

4.5ng/ml at 20, 3.8 ng/ml at 25, 2.9 ng/ml at 30

WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE?

Average difference between predicted age and

actual age to reach menopause is 1/3 of a year,

maximum error is abut 3-4 years

Women will be able to discover early about the

expected age of menopause, they can plan when

they want to start a family

HOW THIS ARTICLE HELPS ME?

I get to know about the

way the predict

menopause

Know more about the

information which

related to my life

Able to plan my future

on when to start a

family

Get more related

information

Share the knowledge

with my family and

friends

Predict when will be my

menopause

Get married earlier

How it helps? My action

LASTLY..