Welcome to Welcome to ““ Our PresentationOur Presentation ””

Written By:Syahril MujaniSadam HuseinSiti Nur FaidahUswatun lyana

Lecturer:Irwan Sulistyanto, S.Pd

Read, Read and Read……!!!

Before going to Paragraph

Do you know what the sentence is?

Sentence is a set of words that contains at least a subject and a verb with complete idea conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command and consisting of main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.

SENTENCESENTENCE

Topic SentenceTopic sentence is

the most important sentence in a paragraph. It’s sometimes referred to as focus sentence. The topic sentence helps organizing the paragraph by summarizing the information in paragraph. In formal writing , the topic sentence is usually the first sentence in a paragraph (although it doesn’t always have to be)

Next

The Purpose of Topic sentence

A topic sentence essentially tells what the rest of the paragraph is about it. All sentences after it have to give more information about the sentence, prove it by offering facts about it or describe it.

For example, if the topic sentence concerns the type of endangered species that live in the ocean, then every sentence after that needs to expound on that subject.

Controlling IdeaControlling Idea

Every topic sentence will have a topic and a controlling idea shows the direction of paragraph.

The Examples of Topic Sentence

Topic sentence:There are many reasons why pollution in Pandeglang town is the worst in the world.

Topic sentence:There are many reasons why pollution in Pandeglang town is the worst in the world.

1

The topic is “pollution in Pandeglang town is the worst in the world”.

The controlling idea is “many reasons”.

Topic sentence:Fortune hunters encounter many difficulties when exploring a shipwreck.

Topic sentence:Fortune hunters encounter many difficulties when exploring a shipwreck.

The topic is “exploring a shipwreck”.

The controlling idea is “many difficulties”.

2

Topic sentence:Dogs make wonderful pets because they help you to live longer.

Topic sentence:Dogs make wonderful pets because they help you to live longer.

The topic is “Dogs make wonderful pets ”.

The controlling idea is “they help you to live longer”.

3

Topic sentence:Teen pregnancy may be prevented by improved education.

Topic sentence:Teen pregnancy may be prevented by improved education.

The topic is “Teen pregnancy may be prevented ”.

The controlling idea is “improving education”.

4

Topic sentence:It is important to be ready before buying a house.

Topic sentence:It is important to be ready before buying a house.

The topic is “before buying a house”.

The controlling idea is “the importance of being ready ”.

5

Main Idea

The main idea is the central, or most important, idea in paragraph or passage . It states the purpose and sets the direction of the paragraph or passage.

The main idea may be stated or it may be implied. When the main idea of paragraph is stated. It is most often found in the first

sentence of the paragraph. However, the main idea may be found in any sentence of paragraph.

The main idea may be stated in the first sentence of paragraph and then be repeated or restated at the end of the paragraph.

The main idea may be split. The first sentence of paragraph may present a point of view, while the last sentence presents a contrasting or opposite view.

To find main idea of any paragraph or passage, ask this questions:1. who or what is the paragraph about?2. what aspect or idea about the ‘who’ or ‘what’ is the author concerned with?

The main idea is the central, or most important, idea in paragraph or passage . It states the purpose and sets the direction of the paragraph or passage.

The main idea may be stated or it may be implied. When the main idea of paragraph is stated. It is most often found in the first

sentence of the paragraph. However, the main idea may be found in any sentence of paragraph.

The main idea may be stated in the first sentence of paragraph and then be repeated or restated at the end of the paragraph.

The main idea may be split. The first sentence of paragraph may present a point of view, while the last sentence presents a contrasting or opposite view.

To find main idea of any paragraph or passage, ask this questions:1. who or what is the paragraph about?2. what aspect or idea about the ‘who’ or ‘what’ is the author concerned with?

Main IdeaThe Examples of Main Idea

Read and think about the following sample paragraph, in which the main idea sentences are underlined.

Paragraph one It is often said that lighting never strike twice in the same place, but this isn’t true. Go ask the forest rangers. Rangers who spend their summers as fire-fighters will tell you that every thundershower brings several bolts of lightning to their look out stations.

(Notice that the first sentence tells what the paragraph is about; the sentences that follow support the idea stated in the first sentence.)

Paragraph two Costs were low that year and the output high. There was a good person for each and the market remained firm. There were no losses from fire. All in all it was the best years in the history of the company.

(Note that the first three sentences give details to explain why it was the best year in the company’s history)

Paragraph three There are great numbers of deer around here. This whole area is great country for hunters and fishermen. There are bears, mountain lions, and coyotes. To the east there are streams full of trout, and there ducks and gees.

(The author begins and ends with examples. The main idea is stated the second sentence.)

Paragraph four Advertising affects our lives everyday. Brand names are common household words. We star each day using the toothpaste, soap, and breakfast food promoted by advertisers. Ads have made the cars we drive signs of our success. Our choices of food, dress, and entertainment are swayed by ads. Not one aspect of American life is untouched by advertising.

(The main idea is stated at the beginning of the paragraph and then restated at the end.)

Paragraph fivePenicillin is one of the greatest of the wonder drugs. It has saved thousands of

lives already and will save more in the future. Unfortunately it has no effect at all in most of the ills of mankind. Penicillin is a very good drug, but it is certainly not a cure-all.

(The author has split the main idea. This paragraph begins with positive comments on penicillin . The word but signals a shift in thought, and the paragraph ends with a statement of its limitations.)

Supporting sentence.supporting sentences are sentences that explain

topic sentence.

Example:

TOPIC SENTENCE:

1. There are many different ways of using eggs in cooking.

SUPPORTING SENTENCES:

2. They can be boiled lightly and eaten with toast.

3. Hard boiled eggs are good for picnics, sandwiches or use in salads.

4. Fried, poached and scrambled eggs are commonly eaten at breakfast,

while an omelet provides a light and nourishing meal at any time.

5. For an exotic touch, eggs can be curried or used in sauces such as

mayonnaise and hollandaise sauce.

6. To give lightness and substance, eggs are usually added to cakes and

pastries.

Let’s continue

2. THE DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH

3. THE NARRATIVE PARAGRAPH3. THE NARRATIVE PARAGRAPH

4. THE EXPOSITORY PARAGRAPH4. THE EXPOSITORY PARAGRAPH

5.THE PERSUASIVE PARAGRAPH5.THE PERSUASIVE PARAGRAPH

1. THE ARGUMENTATION PARAGRAPH

What is Paragraph?• A paragraph is group of related sentences that develop a main thought, or

idea, about a single topic. The structure of paragraph is not complex. There are usually three basic elements: (1) a topic, (2) a main idea, or topic sentence, and supporting details.

• The topic sentence states the main point or controlling idea. The sentences that explain These details may be facts, reason, or examples that this main point are called supporting details. provide further information about the topic sentence.

• A paragraph is group of related sentences that develop a main thought, or idea, about a single topic. The structure of paragraph is not complex. There are usually three basic elements: (1) a topic, (2) a main idea, or topic sentence, and supporting details.

• The topic sentence states the main point or controlling idea. The sentences that explain These details may be facts, reason, or examples that this main point are called supporting details. provide further information about the topic sentence.

Narrative: used to tell a story or a sequence of eventsDescriptive: used to describe a scene or an objectExpository: used to provide information, including facts, instructions, and definitionsPersuasive: used to share opinions and convince others toagree or take action

Narrative: used to tell a story or a sequence of eventsDescriptive: used to describe a scene or an objectExpository: used to provide information, including facts, instructions, and definitionsPersuasive: used to share opinions and convince others toagree or take action

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