GLOBAL MEETS AND CONFERENCES

ON ENVIRONMENT

Submitted by

T.TAMILSELVAN

UNCCUR

United nations conference on the conservation and utilization

of resources.

It was signed in 1949.

It was an Initiative by Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry

S.Trauman.

Focus on Awareness of the need for International action to

establish a balanced approach to the management and

conservation of natural resources and reconstruction in

devasted areas.

Vienna Convention

It is an International treaty held in 1961.

Aims to Define a framework for diplomatic relations between

independent countries.

It enable countries to perform their function without the fear of

interference from host country.

Presently there are 190 members.

Its articles form the basis of many International relations.

Ramsar Convention

Also called Convention on Wetlands.

It was signed in 1971 at Ramsar, Iran.

It is an International Treaty for the conservation and

sustainable use of wetlands.

Aims to the conservation and wise use of all wetlands through

local and national actions and International cooperation.

Recently held at Uruguay in 2015.

There are about 2231 Ramsar sites . Highest :UK -170.

World Heritage Convention

It was signed in 1972.

It links together the concepts of Nature Conservation and the

preservation of cultural properties.

It Identifies potential sites in countries and help them to

protect it.

Stockholm conference

The UNCHE held at Stockholm, Sweden in 1972.

Aims to focus on Human Interaction with the Environment.

The meeting agreed a declaration containing 26 principles

concerning the environment and development.

This conference given a foundation of modern environmental

conferences.

Washington Convention

It is also called CITES ( Convention on International trade in

Endangered species of Wild flora and Fauna)

It is one of the oldest and largest conservation agreements in

existence.

It was signed in 1973 and came into force on July 1,1975

Aims to ensure the International trade in specimens of wild animals

and plants does not threaten the survival of species in the wild.

It gives protection to more than 35000 species of plants and animals.

Participation is Voluntary.

Brundtland Commission

Also called as world commission on Environment and

development(WCED).

It was commissioned on 1983.

Aims to Unite countries to pursue sustainable development

Together.

Three pillars are

Economic Growth

Environmental protection

Social equality.

Bonn convention

Also called Convention on migratory species (CMS).

It was signed in UN campus in Bonn , Germany.

It was under UNEP.

It aims to conserve terrestrial, Marine and avian migratory

species on global scale.

The convention signed in 1979 but come into force in 1983

Montreal Protocol

Agreed on September 1987 and into force on January 1989.

It is an International treaty aims to protect the OZONE layer

by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are

responsible for the depletion of ozone.

It have 197 members.

from 1989 onwards it undergoes eight revisions on 10 meets.

It is the Most successful International agreement till date.

Kyoto Protocol

It is an International treaty extends from 1992 – UNFCCC.

Signed at Kyoto, Japan on December 1997 and came into

force on February 2005.

Currently there are 192 members.

Aims to fight Global warming by reducing greenhouse gas

concentrations in the atmosphere.

First commitment 2008 – 2012

second commitment agreed on 2012 at Doha Amendment.

Earth Summit

Also called Rio conference or Rio summit or UNCED.

It was held in 1992.

In 2012 , second summit called Rio+20 held.

There are about 172 members.

Aims to Prevent the destruction of nature eco-regions .

Find alternative sources of energy to replace fossil fuels.

Systematic patterns of production.(toxic gases)

Prevents pollution and growing usage and limited supply of

water.

Biodiversity convention

It is also called as Convention on Biological Diversity.

It was signed in Earth summit ,1992 and came into force in

December, 1993

Its aim is to conservation efforts to the economic goal of using

biological resources sustainably.

This conservation will bring us Environmental, Economic, and

Social benefits in return.

Biosafety protocol

Also called Cartagena protocol on Biosafety.

It was signed in Cartagena ,Colombia.

It was adopted in January 2000 effective since 2003.

It aims to protect Biological diversity from the potential risks

posed by the Genetically modified Organisms resulting from

modern Bio-technology.

It have 170 members.

Nagoya protocol

It was signed at Nagoya, Japan

It was signed in 2010 but came into force in October 2014.

It was a supplementary agreement to the convention on

Biological Diversity. (Second of CBD)

Aim of this protocol was the Fair and equitable sharing of

benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources,

thereby contributing to the sustainable use and conservation of

biodiversity.

Paris Conference

In 2015,United Nations climate change conference held.

It is also called COP 21 or CMP 11.

Members – 196.

It is an Global agreement on the reduction on climate change.

An agreement to sat a goal of limiting global warming to less

than 2 degree Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels.

References:

1). www.unep.org

2). A Textbook Ecology and Environmental science.

Authors: M.Prasanthrajan and P.P.Mahendran.(pg.no:247-261)

3).Essential Environmental studies.

Authors: S.P.Mishra, S.N.Pandey (pg.no:379-389)

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