Legislations and policies related to coastal zone

management of Bangladesh

Presentation on

Presented by

Md. Inja-Mamun Haque

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, a policy is a "set of decisions which are oriented towards a long-term purpose or to a particular problem."

A policy is a document that outlines what a government is going to do and what it can achieve for the society as a whole.

A policy is an informal document that just lists and states what must be done and what is intended to be done in the future.

Policies normally assist decision making. It is important to note that policies are formed normally over a period of time. They are not formed all of a sudden.

What is policy????

Legislation is term meaning statutory law. These laws have been enacted by a legislature or the governing body of a country.

Legislation can also mean the process of making the law.

Idea Bill Approved/RejectLegislative branch

Regulatory branchWriting out the details and implementation processLaw

If approved

How a law is made????

What is legislation????

Legislations and policies related to coastal zone management of Bangladesh mainly include

1. PRIORITY INVESTMENT PROGRAM (PIP), (2004)

2. COASTAL ZONE POLICY (CZPo), (2005)

3. COASTAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (CDS), (2006)

4. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA (UNCLOS,1982)

The priority areas of investment program are

Mitigation of natural disasters, safety and protection

Environment management – protection and regeneration of the environment

Water resources management

Rural livelihoods and sustainable economic opportunities for coastal communities

Productive economic activities and focused development of tourism and fisheries sector

Infrastructure development

Social development including health and nutrition, education, and water and sanitation

PRIORITY INVESTMENT PROGRAM (PIP), (2004)

COASTAL ZONE POLICY (CZPo), (2005)

The specific objectives of the Coastal Zone Policy are

Economic growth

Meeting basis needs and creating livelihood opportunities for coastal communities

Reduction of vulnerabilities and enhancement of coping capacities

Empowerment of coastal communities

Women’s advancement and promotion of gender equality

Sustainable management of natural resources

Preservation and enhancement of critical ecosystems

Land: Planning to control unplanned and indiscriminate use of land resources

Aquaculture: Environmentally adopted and socially responsive shrimp farming be encouraged

Water: Adequate upland flow in water channels to preserve the coastal estuary ecosystem threatened by the

intrusion of soil salinity from the sea

Capture Fishery : National Fish Policy, in relation to exploitation, conservation and management of marine

fisheries resources

Agriculture : increasing the production of crops suitable for the coastal area with attention to maintenance of

soil health

Livestock : Grazing land for livestock be arranged

Energy : An assessment of all types of energy resources (e.g., oil, gas, coal, nuclear minerals, hydropower,

biomass fuels, solar, wind and tidal waves) undertaken on a regular/continuous basis

Afforestation :Measures taken in the coastal areas including newly accreted chars

The coastal policy include legislation and policy on

COASTAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (CDS), (2006)

• The CDS prepares for coordinated priority actions and arrangements for their implementation

through selecting strategic priorities and setting targets.

• The CDS is a targeted process and the targeting is identified with respect to:

Regions (islands and chars, exposed coastal zone or districts; high tsunami risk area; South-

West region);

Disadvantaged groups (erosion victims, women and children, fisher and small farmers);

Issues (shrimp culture, land zoning; groundwater management, climate change); and

Opportunities (tourism, renewable energy, marine fisheries)

Nine strategic priorities

I. ensuring fresh and safe water availability

II. safety from man-made and natural hazards

III. optimizing use of coastal lands

IV. promoting economic growth

V. sustainable management of natural resources

VI. improving livelihood conditions of people; especially women

VII. environmental conservation

VIII. empowerment through knowledge management

IX. creating an enabling institutional environment

COASTAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (CDS), (2006)

COASTAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (CDS), (2006) include legislation and policy on

Coastal tourism

Erosion in the coastal zone

Unplanned extraction of coastal resources include gas, oil, minerals, aquatic flora (including algae), and aquatic fauna(snails, fishes, amphibians, mammals, reptiles etc).

Rapid urbanization

Deforestation

Salinity Intrusion

Agrochemicals/Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

Solid Waste Management

Sewage Disposal

Industrial Waste (Including Ship Break yards)

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS,1982)

Marine protected area

Transit and innocent passage

EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone)

Exploitation of natural resources

Others legislation and policies related to coastal zone management of

Bangladesh mainly include

1. Policies and legislation for the management of coastal forests and trees

2. Policies and legislation for the management of coastal Land

3. Policies and legislation for the management of coastal Water

4. Policies and legislation for the management of coastal Fisheries

Policies and legislation for the management ofcoastal forests and trees

1. Environment Policy (1992)

2. Forest Policy (1994)

3. Coastal Area Policy (2005)

The Forest Policy (1994) emphasizes the establishment of plantations on all newly accreted lands in the

coastal areas. It is committed to conserving the resources and ecosystems of the Sundarbans (Statement

No. 9).

Protection of the country against natural disasters is the main objective of the national Environment

Policy (1992), which focuses on the maintenance of ecological balance and sustainable development.

Regarding coastal forest, the Coastal Area Policy (2005) has a similar commitment. It generally emphasizes

sustainable development in the coastal region and thus directly supports the establishment of coastal

plantations and conservation of existing coastal forests and preservation of coastal habitats.

Policies and legislation for the management ofcoastal forests and trees

1. Land-use policy(2001)

2. The Environment Policy (1992)

3. The Forestry Policy (1994)

4. The National Water Policy (1999)

Policies and legislation for the management ofcoastal Land

According to government Land-use policy(2001), usually the coastal char land is initially handed over to the

Forestry Department for 20 years. During this period, mangrove forests are planted as part of the coastal

protection system. As accretion progresses, the land behind the mangrove belt is converted into agricultural land

for settlement. Hence, the government also has a land settlement programme, although limited in scale. Landless

families who are victims of river erosion have priority in the allocation of land.

The Environment Policy (1992) encourages land use depending on the ecosystem prevailing in different parts of

the country. It emphasizes that efforts should be strengthened for land reclamation, erosion protection, soil

fertility and reduction of soil salinity and alkalinity .This policy also mentions transferring newly accreted land to

the Forestry Department on a priority basis to stabilize and protect the land from erosion.

Policies and legislation for the management ofcoastal Land

The Forestry Policy (1994) mentions that “effective measures will be taken for afforestation in the newly accreted

char in the coastal areas, as it protects soil and reduces the velocity and intensity of cyclones, tornados and tidal

bores” (sic). Afforestation also helps to stabilize newly accreted land.

The National Water Policy (1999) suggests undertaking surveys and investigations of the problem of riverbank

erosion; developing and implementing master plans for river training and erosion control; and planning and

implementing schemes for reclamation of land from the sea and rivers.

Policies and legislation for the management ofcoastal Land

The National Policy for Safe Water Supply and Sanitation (1998) recommends that each and every village

shall have one pond set aside for drinking water, which should be protected from contamination and

surface runoff.

The water logging problem has generated widespread discontent among the people. The Development

Strategy of the National water management Policy (NWMP,2001) considers it of foremost importance to

rationalize coastal embankment schemes on the basis of environmental audit .

Policies and legislation for the management ofcoastal Water

Policies and legislation for the management of coastal Fisheries

Marine Fisheries Ordinance,1983

National Fish Policy,1998

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