Anatomy Lecture 3 Head and Neck

Physician Assistant ProgramMiami Dade College

'Excellence is an art won by training and habituation. We do not act rightly because we have virtue or excellence, but rather we have those because we have acted rightly. We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act but a habit.' Aristotle

 A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.   Lao Tsu “I find that the harder I work, the more luck I seem to have”.  Thomas Jefferson

Self conquest is the greatest of victories. Plato

Lacerations Scalp

Skin Connective Tissue Aponeurosis (Galea) Loose connective tissue Pericranium

Ca

Coup-Contrecoup ICH

Skull fx’s Calvaria Orbit Zygoma Maxillary (Le Fort)

Le Fort Fractures

SYNONYMOUS

CALVARIACALVASKULLCAP

Hydrocephalus “water in the brain” Spontaneous

intracerebral and Intraventricularhemorrhage withhydrocephalus

Temporal Arteritis

Neck Triangles Anterior Triangle

SCM Mandible Anterior midline

Posterior Triangle Trapezius SCM Clavicle

A) Nerves and Plexuses:Spinal accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve XI) Branches of cervical plexus Roots and trunks of brachial plexus B) Vessels:Subclavian artery (Third part) Transverse cervical artery Suprascapular artery Terminal part of external jugular vein C) Lymph Nodes:Occipital Supraclavicular D) Muscles:Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

This space is subdivided into four smaller triangles by the Digastricus above, and the superior belly of the Omohyoideus below.These smaller triangles are named:the muscular triangle or inferior carotid trianglethe carotid triangle or superior carotid trianglethe submandibular triangle or submaxillary trianglethe submental triangle or suprahyoid triangle

Torticollis or wry neck head is tilted toward one side, and the chin is

elevated and turned toward the opposite side.

Cervical Lymph Nodes Preauricular Postauricular Occipital Tonsillar Submandibular Submental Superficial cervical Posterior cervical Deep cervical chain supraclavicular

CVA’s vs. TIA’s Central Line Placement JVD

Zones of Neck

Rhinorrhea Fx Epistaxis

Kisselbach’s Plexus Septal deviation Septal hematoma Obstruction

Ethmoid Sinuses (green) Frontal Sinuses (checkered)                           Maxillary Sinuses (red)                                      Sphenoid Sinuses (yellow)

   

                                                                                                           

THINK !!!!

THINK BIG

Clinical Anatomy

The EYE

EOM Corneal Abrasion Lids

Entropion (in) vs. Ectropion (out) Chalazion vs. Hordeolum (stye) Blepharitis

Strabismus Exotropia (out) vs. Esotropia (in)

Exophthalmus vs. Enophthalmus Ptosis Icterus (jaundice) Ruptured globe Retinal detachment (shade) Glaucoma (open vs closed) Cataracts Diplopia (double vision)

Pupil Size Anisocoria

Scotomas/ floaters/ flashing lights Changes

Hyperopia (farsightedness, ie. Can’t see close)

Presbyopia (aging) Myopia (near sighted, ie. Can’t see far)

Lacrimal Excessive tearing/dryness Dacrocystitis

Subconjunctival hemorrhage Hyphema Hemianopsia Iritis/ conjunctivitis Pterygium Central retinal artery occlusion

Short sight means that the image is focused in front of the retina

Long sight means that the image is focused behind the retina

PERRLA (D+C): Pupils Equal and Regular; Reactive to Light and Accommodation (Direct and Consensual).

Myopia

Hyperopia

Hyperopia, also known as hypermetropia or colloquially as farsightedness

Myopia, also called near- or short-sightedness

Hearing loss Conductive vs. sensorineural

Dizziness Vertigo Labyrinthitis Otoliths Barotrauma Tinnitus D/C FB AOM AOE Cerumen Q-tips Perforated TM Bullous Myringitis Mastoiditis Pharyngotympanic tube

obstruction/replacement

Stenson’s ductVs. Wharton’s duct

Aphthous ulcers Stenson’s/ Wharton’s duct

Sialolith Ca Herpes Chelitis Angioedema Odontogenic infection Ludwigs angina Thyroglossal duct cyst Brachial cleft cyst PTA

Pharyngitis Hoarseness Goiter Hyperthyroid Hypothyroid Parathyroid (Hypocalcemia) Intubation

Trach/ Cric Lymphadenitis FB