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IntroductionIntroductionNormal ventricle septum
formation Semilunar Valve FormationVSD
Tetralogy of FallotPersistent truncus arteriosusTransposition of Great VesselsValvular Stenosis
Normal Ventricle septum Normal Ventricle septum formationformationEnd of 4th week, two primitive
ventricles begin to expand, accomplished by continuous growth of myocardium outside and cont.diverticulation and trabecula formation on the inside
Medial wall merges muscular interventricular septum
Inferior endocardial cushion closes the foreman membranous part of interventricular septum
Semilunar Valves(SLV)Semilunar Valves(SLV)Partitioning of truncus almost
complete, primordia of SLV become visible as small tubercles on main truncus swellings.
One of each pair for pulmonary and aortic channel
Third tubercles appears opposite to the fused truncus swellings
Tubercles hollow out forming SLV
Ventricle septum Ventricle septum defects(VSD)defects(VSD)Involve membranous(more
serious) or muscular part of septum
VSD: Most common congenital cardiac malformation 12/10,000 births
Tertralogy of FallotTertralogy of FallotUnequal division of conus , resulting
from anterior displacement of conotruncal septumcardiovascular alterationNarrow right ventricular outflow region
(pulmonary infundibular stenosis)Large defect of interventricular septumAn overriding aorta Hyperthropy of right ventricular wall
Not fatal, only 9.6/10,000 births
Persistent truncus Persistent truncus arteriosusarteriosusConotruncal ridges fail to fuse and
descend towards ventricles0.8/10,000 birthsPulmonary artery arises some
distance above origin of undivided truncus
Accompanied by defective interventricular septum
Overrides both ventricles and receive blood from both side
Transposition of great Transposition of great vesselvesselConotruncal septum fail to follow
normal spiral course and run straight down
Aorta originates from RVPulmonary artery originates from LV4.8/10,000 birthsAssociated with membranous part
interventricular septum and open ductus arterious
DIGEORGE SEQUENCE DIGEORGE SEQUENCE Characterized by a pattern of
malformations that originates in abnormal neural crest developmentfacial defectsthymic hypoplasia parathyroid dysfunctioncardiac abnormalities involving the
outflow tract
Valvular stenosisValvular stenosisSLV fused ( 3-4/10,000 births) Valvular Stenosis of Pulmonary Artery
pulmonary artery patent oval foramen only outlet for blood from right ventricle
Ductus arterious only access route to pulmonary circulation
Aortic Valvular Stenosis Fusion of thickened valves left only a pinhole
openingNormal size of Aorta
• Aortic Valvular Atresia aorta, LV , LA underdevelopedopen ductus arteriosus
ConclusionConclusionTetralogy of Fallot unequal
division of conusPersistent truncus
arteriosusconotruncal ridges failure to fuse and descend
Transposition of Great Vesselsconnotruncal septum fail to follow spiral course
Valvular Stenosis fused SLV