TERRORISM

Aysel Muradlı, Business Administration

THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD

The word “terror” comes from the following

origins:

Old French “terreur”(great fear)

Latin “terrorem”(nominative terror)

PIE root *tre-(shake)

PIE(Proto-Indo-European language)

THE MEANING OF THE

TERRORISM

• Terrorism is the

systematic use

of terror, often violent,

especially as a

means of coercion.

• In the international

community, however,

terrorism has no

legally binding,

criminal law

definition.

THE HISTORY OF THE

TERRORISM

The history of terrorism goes back to SicariiZealots — Jewish extremist group active in Judaea Province at the beginning of the 1st century AD. After Zealotry rebellion in the 1st century AD, when some prominent collaborators with Roman rule were killed, according to contemporary historian Josephus, in 6 AD Judas of Galilee formed a small and more extreme offshoot of the Zealots, the Sicarii. Their terror also was directed against Jewish "collaborators", including temple priests, Sadducees, Herodians, and other wealthy elites.

THE HISTORY OF THE

TERRORISM

The term "terrorism" itself was originally used

to describe the actions of the Jacobin

Club during the "Reign of Terror" in the French

Revolution. "Terror is nothing other than

justice, prompt, severe, inflexible," said

Jacobin leader Maximilien Robespierre. In

1795, Edmund Burke denounced the Jacobins

for letting "thousands of those hell-hounds

called Terrorists...loose on the people" of

France.

Types of Terrorism

In early 1975, the Law Enforcement Assistant

Administration in the United States formed the

National Advisory Committee on Criminal

Justice Standards and Goals. One of the five

volumes that the committee wrote was

entitled Disorders and Terrorism, produced by

the Task Force on Disorders and Terrorism

under the direction of H.H.A. Cooper, Director

of the Task Force staff. The Task Force

classified terrorism into six categories.

Civil disorder

A form of collective

violence interfering

with

the peace, security,

and normal

functioning of the

community.

Political terrorism

Violent criminal

behavior designed

primarily to

generate fear in the

community, or

substantial segment of

it, for political

purposes.

Non-Political terrorism

Terrorism that is not aimed

at political purposes but

which exhibits “conscious

design to create and

maintain a high degree of

fear for coercive purposes,

but the end is individual or

collective gain rather than

the achievement of a

political objective.”

Quasi-terrorism

The activities incidental to the commission of crimes of violence that are similar in form and method to genuine terrorism but which nevertheless lack its essential ingredient. It is not the main purpose of the quasi-terrorists to induce terror in the immediate victim as in the case of genuine terrorism, but the quasi-terrorist uses the modalities and techniques of the genuine terrorist and produces similar consequences and reaction. For example, the fleeing felon who takes hostages is a quasi-terrorist, whose methods are similar to those of the genuine terrorist but whose purposes are quite different.

Limited political terrorism

Genuine political terrorism is characterized by

a revolutionary approach; limited political

terrorism refers to “acts of terrorism which are

committed for ideological or political motives

but which are not part of a concerted

campaign to capture control of the state.”

Official or state terrorism

It is referring to nations whose rule is based

upon fear and oppression that reach similar to

terrorism or such proportions. It may also be

referred to as Structural Terrorism defined

broadly as terrorist acts carried out by

governments in pursuit of political objectives,

often as part of their foreign policy.

Aim of terrorists

A terrorist group commits acts of violence to -

Produce widesrpead fear

Obtain worldwide, national, or local recognition for their cause by attracting the attention of the media

Harass, weaken, or embarrass government security forces so that the government overreacts and appears repressive

Steal or extort money and equipment, especially weapons and ammunition vital to the operation of their group

Destroy facilities or disrupt lines of communication in order to create doubt that the government can provide for and protect its citizens

Discourage foreign investments, tourism, or assistance programs that can affect the target country’s economy and support of the government in power

Influence government decisions, legislation, or other critical decisions

Free prisoners

Satisfy vengeance

Turn the tide in a guerrilla war by forcing government security forces to concentrate their efforts in urban areas. This allows the terrorist group to establish itself among the local populace in rural areas

Aim of terrorists

Well-known terrorist groups

al-Qaeda

Hamas

Hezbollah

Taliban

Liberation Tigers

of Tamil Eelam

Kurdistan Workers' Party

Terrorism and Islam

It is unfortunate that Islam, the religion of

peace, hope, harmony, goodwill and

Brotherhood had been badly tarnished by the

perpetrators of various terrorists acts and

barbarism as seen in recent years.

Islamophobia is prejudic

e against, hatred

towards, or irrational fear

of Muslims.

Islamaphobia

My name is

Khan, but I am

not a Terrorist!

Terrorism and Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan also faced a lot of terrorist acts,

especially Armenian terrorism.

Terrorism and Azerbaijan

Recently, Azerbaijan

deals with religious

and other kind of

terrorism.

Counter-terrorism

Counter-terrorism incorporates the

practices, tactics, techniques, and strategies

that governments, militaries, police

departments and corporations adopt to attack

terrorist threats and/or acts, both real and

imputed.

Counter-terrorism

There are 2 main

methods of counter-

terrorism:

o Non-military

o Military

Non-Military

The human security paradigm outlines a non-

military approach which aims to address the

enduring underlying inequalities which fuel

terrorist activity. Causal factors need to be

delineated and measures implemented which

allow equal access to resources

and sustainability for all people. Such activities

empower citizens providing 'freedom from fear'

and 'freedom from want'.

Military

Terrorism has often been used to justify

military intervention in countries like Pakistan

where terrorists are said to be based. That

was the main stated justification for the U.S.

invasion of Afghanistan. It was also a stated

justification for the second Russian invasion of

Chechnya.

I wish there were no terrorism…

Thanks for

attention…