Parts of the cell

1. Plasma membrane or Cell membrane

makes up the boundary of the cellholds cell together and controls what enters and leaveshas receptors to determine what comes in and out

2. Nucleusmembrane bound control center of the cellContains much of the cell’s DNA or genetic material

3. Nuclear envelope/membranemembrane around nucleusallows things to move in and out of nucleus selectively – ex. RNA – ribonucleic acid (copy of DNA) 

4. DNADeoxyribonucleic Acid molecule that makes up genetic materialcontains coded information for all parts of cellstays safely vaulted in the nucleus

Chromatindispersed mass of DNA and its proteins where Chromosomes cannot be distinguished from one anotherFound mostly inthe nucleusState of geneticmaterial during interphase

Chromosomesform during DNA replication and during mitosis/meiosisthickened chromatinmore visible DNA materialfound in the nucleus

Chromosomes

CytoplasmLocated between nucleus and cell membranefluid like substance that contains many organellesplace where chemicals are synthesized and broken down

Ribosomes site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made) can be free or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic reticulumnetwork of membranes throughout the cytoplasm used for intracellular transport often to Golgi bodieslocate in cytoplasm and is a continuation of nuclear envelope

Endoplasmic reticulumIncludes two types

1.rough endoplasmic reticulum

have ribosomes attached where protein synthesis takes place and endoplasmic reticulum will transport these proteins

Endoplasmic reticulum2.smooth endoplasmic

reticulum is where lipids and

carbohydrates are produced and transported

Golgi apparatuses/complex packaging plants – package for export from cell packages in membrane bound sacs that pinch off(secretory vesicles)packages secretions , proteins, lipids and carbohydrateslooks like a stack of pancakes

Secretory vesicles contains secretions packaged by golgi apparatusmove around in the cytoplasm may be released from cell Cell can rid of waste

Lysosomes

provided by golgi round and membrane bound sacscontain digestive enzymes to break down things esp. food for cellular respirationcan damage/kill a cell if ruptures many in WBC to fight infectious agents

Mitochondria

called power house of cell site of cellular respiration where glucose is converted to energy molecule ATP rod shaped or bean shaped with folded inner membranecontains mitochondrial DNA for proteins of mitochondria

Centrosome –small organelle located near nucleuscomposed of two centrioles

Centrioleslocated in centrosometwo of themmove to opposite ends during mitosis/meiosisproduce microtubules that attach to chromosomes and pull them to opposite sides of the cell during mitosis

Cilia

tiny hair like organellesprovide movement by beating cilia found on human cells that line the respiratory tract moving along mucus layer with trapped foreign particles

Cilia of cells of upper respiratory system