1. EMC 2410Intro to Electronic MediaEdward Bowen Lecture FourteenYou Cant Say / Do / Hear / See That

2. GuidelinesTwitter:http://support.twitter.com/articles/18311-the-twitter-rules Violence and Threats: You may not publish or postdirect, specific threats of violence against others. Unlawful Use: You may not use our service for anyunlawful purposes or for promotion of illegal activities.International users agree to comply with all local lawsregarding online conduct and acceptable content. Pornography: You may not use obscene orpornographic images in either your profile picture oruser background 3. GuidelinesSeptember 15, 2009"In the process of reporting on remarks by PresidentObama that were made during a CNBC interview, ABCNews employees prematurely tweeted a portion ofthose remarks that turned out to be from an off-the-record portion of the interview. This was done beforeour editorial process had been completed. That waswrong. We apologize to the White House and CNBCand are taking steps to ensure that it will not happenagain. ABC spokesperson 4. GuidelinesL.A. Times Twitter Guidelines: Integrity is our most important commodity: Avoidwriting or posting anything that would embarrass TheTimes or compromise your ability to do your job. Assume that your professional life and your personallife will merge online regardless of your care inseparating them. Even if you use privacy tools (determining who canview your page or profile, for instance), assume thateverything you write, exchange or receive on a socialmedia site is public. Just as political bumper stickers and lawn signs areto be avoided in the offline world, so too are partisanexpressions online. 5. GuidelinesWashington Post Twitter Guidelines: When using these networks, nothing we do must callinto question the impartiality of our news judgment.We never abandon the guidelines that govern theseparation of news from opinion, the importance offact and objectivity, the appropriate use of languageand tone, and other hallmarks of our brand ofjournalism. Post journalists must refrain from writing, tweeting orposting anything including photographs or video that could be perceived as reflecting political racial,sexist, religious or other bias or favoritism that couldbe used to tarnish our journalistic credibility. 6. GuidelinesFacebookhttp://www.facebook.com/terms.php You will not bully, intimidate, or harass any user. You will not post content that: is hateful, threatening, or pornographic; incites violence; or contains nudity or graphic or gratuitous violence. You will not use Facebook to do anything unlawful, misleading, malicious, or discriminatory. You will not do anything that could disable, overburden, or impair the proper working of Facebook, such as a denial of service attack. You will not facilitate or encourage any violations of this Statement. 7. GuidelinesFacebookhttp://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/06/facebookfollow/ 8. GuidelinesYouTubehttp://www.youtube.com/t/termsYouTube reserves the right to decide whether Contentviolates these Terms of Service for reasons other thancopyright infringement, such as, but not limited to,pornography, obscenity, or excessive length. YouTubemay at any time, without prior notice and in its solediscretion, remove such Content and/or terminate ausers account for submitting such material in violationof these Terms of Service. 9. GuidelinesAnonymousDDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks onMasterCard and Visa websitesTwitter Subpoenashttp://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/01/twitter/ 10. Television Pioneers - Rod Serling Patterns (Kraft Theatre - 1955) Requiem for a Heavyweight (Playhouse 90 1957) The Arena (Studio One - 1956) A Town Has Turned to Dust (Playhouse 90 -1958) The Twilight Zone (Series: 1959 1964) The Loner (Series: 1965-1966) Night Gallery (Series: 1969 1973) 11. Television Pioneers - Rod Serling http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=77SEuyeQAAg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJSjsoE7gcg 12. Television Pioneers - Edward R. Murrow andRod Serling 13. Television Pioneers - Edward R. Murrow andRod Serling Both were well-respected and critically lauded in theirfields. Both produced thought-provoking and socially relevantmaterial. Both fought against network and sponsor censorship oftheir work. Each found their careers stalled when they fought thesystem. 14. Television Pioneers - Karl Freund 15. Television Pioneers - Karl Freund Director of Photography on over 100 films from 1911 to1950, including 16. Television Pioneers - Karl Freund Director of Photography on over 100 films from 1911 to1950, including Metropolis (1927)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7j8Ba9rWhUg 17. Television Pioneers - Karl Freund Director of Photography on over 100 films from 1911 to1950. He directed the original The Mummy in 1933.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2645yn0Wmqk 18. Television Pioneers - Karl Freund Director of Photography on over 100 films from 1911 to1950. He won the Academy Award for The Good Earth (1937).http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/337833/Good-Earth-The-Movie-Clip-A-Tree-Will-Grow.htmlhttp://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/29291/Good-Earth-The-Movie-Clip-A-Plague-Of-Locusts.html 19. Television Pioneers - Karl Freund Director of Photography on over 100 films from 1911 to1950. And was a lifelong technical innovator. 20. Television Pioneers - Karl Freund In 1951, he was asked by Lucille Ball and Desi Arnez todevise a method for producing their upcoming show ILove Lucy, on film. 21. Television Pioneers - Karl Freund Freund set the standards by which television programs, specifically situation comedies, would be shot for decades to come.http://www.lucyfan.com/freundfilming.html http://www.lucyfan.com/filmingthe.html 22. Television Pioneers - Karl Freund Freund set the standards by which television programs,specifically situation comedies, would be shot for decadesto come. Three film cameras, on dollies, shooting simultaneously. Interconnecting sets. A live audience. Live music accompaniment. Uniform, high key light. Low contrast sets and wardrobe. 23. Television Pioneers - Karl Freund Freund set the standards by which televisionprograms, specifically situation comedies, would be shotfor decades to come. Three film cameras, on dollies, shooting simultaneously. Interconnecting sets. A live audience. Live music accompaniment. Uniform, high key light. Low contrast sets and wardrobe.With this method they shot a half hour episode each week inone hour. 24. Television Pioneers - Karl Freund The episodes would then be edited on three interlocked Moviola editing machines.http://www.lucyfan.com/danncahnremembers1.html https://www.editorsguild.com/FromtheGuild.cfm?FromTheGuildid=119 25. Television Pioneers - Lucille Ball And would end up looking like this: 26. Television Pioneers - Lucille BallLove and Marriage: In 1951, at least 16 states had laws against interracialmarriage. And at least 8 specifically prohibited marriage between awhite and an Hispanic. 27. Television Pioneers - Lucille BallLove and Marriage: In the movies and on television, married couples wereonly seen occupying double beds. 28. Television Pioneers - Lucille BallLove and Marriage: And even when the storyline of the show included the birthof the couples son, the word pregnant was not allowed. 29. Television Pioneers - Lucille BallLove and Marriage: And even when the storyline of the show included the birthof the couples son, the word pregnant was not allowed.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P27oUog2BpM 30. So They did not want Edward R. Murrow to broadcast hisMcCarthy program. They did not want Rod Serling to write about Emmett Till. They removed references to gas chambers in SerlingsJudgment at Nuremberg, and Coke bottles from Noonon Doomsday. They did not want Lucille Ball to have an Hispanichusband. And they would not let her use the word pregnant. 31. They also Hid Elvis Presleys gyrating hips. 32. They also Tried to stop Milton Berle from having the Step Brotherson The Texaco Star Theatre. 33. They also Objected to the level of violence in early television.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqyojnM9tlc 34. They also Had trouble with this http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NmMRLQIPHk 35. They also Had trouble with this http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knw1CeU-HK4 36. Television Pioneers - Jack Parr They also Took exception to this joke from Jack Parr, and edited itout of his program. 37. Television Pioneers - Jack Paar Hosted The Tonight Show from 1957 to1962, succeeding Steve Allen. In doing so he invented the late night talk show format thatcontinues to this day. He moved to format to prime time as The Jack PaarProgram from 1962 to 1965. 38. Television Pioneers - Jack PaarJack Paar - As I Was Saying 39. Their objections center around four issues Language (especially expletives relating to excrementalfunction, sex, and sexual organs) George Carlin: Seven Words You Can Never Say onTelevision (1972) 40. Their objections center around four issues Language (especially expletives relating to excrementalfunction, sex, and sexual organs)George Carlin: Seven Words You Can Never Say onTelevision (1972) S**t P**s F**k C**t C********r M**********r and t**s 41. Their objections center around four issues Language (especially expletives relating to excrementalfunction, sex, and sexual organs)George Carlin: Seven Words You Can Never Say onTelevision (1972)October 30, 1973: WBAI-FM broadcast a subsequentversion of the routine. 42. Their objections center around four issues Language (especially expletives relating to excrementalfunction, sex, and sexual organs)George Carlin: Seven Words You Can Never Say onTelevision (1972)October 30, 1973: WBAI-FM broadcast a subsequentversion of the routine.Complaint to the FCC leads to a Supreme Court decisionsupporting the FCCs power to regulate indecency on theairwaves. 43. Their objections center around four issues Language (especially expletives relating to excrementalfunction, sex, and sexual organs)George Carlin: Seven Words You Can Never Say onTelevision (1972)http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/174956/june-24-2008/the-word---bleep 44. Their objections center around four issues Language (especially expletives relating to excrementalfunction, sex, and sexual organs) Sex and Nudity Violence RaceBut the question is WHO IS THEY? 45. Are they The Government? The Networks? The Sponsors? The Advertising Agencies? The Viewers? 46. Are they The Government? The Networks? The Sponsors? The Advertising Agencies? The Viewers?YES 47. censor Verb transitive verb: to examine in order tosuppress or delete anything consideredobjectionable ;also: to suppress or delete asobjectionable 48. Congress shall make no lawrespecting an establishment ofreligion, or prohibiting the freeexercise thereof; or abridging thefreedom of speech, or of the press;or the right of the people peaceablyto assemble, and to petition theGovernment for a redress ofgrievances. 49. Congress shall make no lawrespecting an establishment ofreligion, or prohibiting the freeexercise thereof; or abridging thefreedom of speech, or of the press;or the right of the people peaceablyto assemble, and to petition theGovernment for a redress ofgrievances. 50. Except Obscenity, child pornography, or speech thatconstitutes advocacy of the use of force or of lawviolation ... where such advocacy is directed to incitingor producing imminent lawless action and is likely toincite or produce such action. (No protection) 51. Except Obscenity, child pornography, or speech thatconstitutes advocacy of the use of force or of lawviolation ... where such advocacy is directed to incitingor producing imminent lawless action and is likely toincite or produce such action. (No protection)andCommercial speech, defamation (libel and slander),speech that may be harmful to children, speechbroadcast on radio and television, and publicemployees speech. (Limited protection). 52. Radio Act of 1927Created the Federal Radio Commission, precursor tothe Federal Communications Commission, with thepower to grant and deny licenses, and to assignfrequencies and power levels for each licensee.Prohibited "obscene, indecent, or profane language.Allowed programming to be considered whenrenewing licenses.Established principal that the radio spectrum belongsto the people and can therefore be regulated and that broadcasting is protected by the FirstAmendment, but a unique medium requiring specialtreatment. 53. Communications Act of 1934 Establishes the Federal CommunicationsCommission. Title I (Structure): Seven member commission(reduced to five in 1983) appointed by the presidentand approved by Congress. Chairman selected bypresident Title II: Common carriers (telephone and microwaveproviders), interstate and international commerce. Title III: Broadcast station requirements Section 326 prohibits commission censorship ofbroadcast stations. Section 315 - Equal Time Rule, Fairness Doctrine Federal law makes obscene or indecent languageover a broadcast station illegal. Title VI extends regulatory power to cable television. 54. Federal Communication Commission Provides broadcast licenses The powers to license, short-license, withhold, fine, revoke or renew broadcastlicenses and construction permits, based on "publicinterest, convenience and necessity" Classifies stations and prescribes services Assigns frequencies and power Approves equipment and mandates standards forlevels of interference Makes regulations for stations with networkaffiliations Prescribes qualifications for station owners andoperators Levies fines and forfeitures Issues cease and desist orders. 55. Federal Communication CommissionBroadcasting The Scarcity Rationale Conflict in Licensing Intrusiveness PICON Standard (Public Interest, Convenience, orNecessity) 56. Federal Communication CommissionCable The Scarcity Rationale Conflict in Licensing Intrusiveness PICON Standard (Public Interest, Convenience, orNecessity) 57. Federal Communication CommissionIt is a violation of federal law to air obscene programming at any time. It is also a violation offederal law to broadcast indecent or profane programming during certain hours. Congresshas given the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) the responsibility foradministratively enforcing the law that governs these types of broadcasts.The FCC has authority to issue civil monetary penalties, revoke a license or deny a renewalapplication. In addition, violators of the law, if convicted in a federal district court, are subjectto criminal fines and/or imprisonment for not more than two years. The FCC vigorouslyenforces this law where we find violations. In 2004 alone, the FCC took action in 12 cases,involving hundreds of thousands of complaints, assessing penalties and voluntary paymentstotaling approximately $8,000,000. The Commission has also toughened its enforcementpenalties by proposing monetary penalties based on each indecent utterance in a broadcast,rather than proposing a single monetary penalty for the entire broadcast.At the same time, however, the Commission is careful of First Amendment protections andthe prohibitions on censorship and interference with broadcasters freedom of speech. TheFCC has denied complaints in cases in which we determined the broadcast was not indecentbased on the overall context of the programming. Regardless of the outcome, the FCCstrives to address every complaint within 9 months of its receipt.From the FCC website 58. Federal Communication CommissionWLBThttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oEfMVzeGd8Qhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLBT 59. Federal Communication CommissionApril 22, 2004: "I believe that Muslims in this country are afifth column.... The vast majority of Muslims in this countryare very obviously loyal, not to the United States, but to theirreligion. And Im worried that when the time comes for themto stand up and be counted, the reason they are here is totake over our culture and eventually take over our country You think we should befriend them; I think we should killthem.Jay Severin, WTKK, Boston http://youtu.be/SvzfQD5OYA0 http://youtu.be/oe3LRp9pQP8 60. Federal Communication CommissionAfter over 80 complaints to the FCC:No clear and present danger of serious substantive evil. 61. Federal Communication Commission Cher (2002 Billboard Music Awards): F*** em. Bono (2003 Golden Globe Awards): This is really, really f***ing brilliant. Nicole Richie (2003 Billboard Music Awards): Have you ever tried to get cow**** out of a Prada purse. Its not so f***ing simple. Libra (2008 Big Brother episode): Memphis was in the f***ing room. Jenny Slate (2009 Saturday Night Live) I f***ing love you for that. Joe Biden (2010 Press Conference): This is a f***ing big deal.https://www.parentstv.org/ptc/action/bigbrother10/main.asp 62. Federal Communication Commission The final straw Super Bowl XXXVIII (2004) Halftime Wardrobe Malfunctionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOLbERWVR30 63. Federal Communication CommissionThe Fallout: Crackdown on indecency in broadcasting, includingdaytime television Record $550,000 fine against CBS Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005 Increase of the FCC fine per indecency violation from$27,500 to $325,000 Clear Channel removes Howard Stern from severalmarkets. Annual Victorias Secret Fashion Show cancelled George W. Bush reelected president 64. Superbowl XXXVIII 2004: Wardrobe Malfunction Amount of time the nipple spent on-air: 1.01 seconds Cost to NFL (in sponsor refunds): $10 million Ranking among 2004 Internet searchers: 1 Ranking in TiVos "most rewound moments": 1 Number of American complaints to the network: morethan 500,000 Number of Canadian complaints: about 50 65. Federal Communication CommissionThe Fallout: After cases ping-pong from circuit to Supremecourt and back again 2008: In Federal CommunicationsCommission v. Fox, the Supreme Courtupheld the fleeting expletive rule, but failed torule on the first amendment implications. 66. Federal Communication CommissionJuly 2010 A Federal Appeals Court strikes down FCCs fleetingexpletive policy. Cited several examples of chilled speech, including: a Vermont stations refusal to air a political debatebecause one local politician previously had usedexpletives on the air, and a Moosic, Pa., stations decision to no longer providelive coverage of news events unless they affectmatters of public safety or convenience. 67. Federal Communication CommissionEnforcement Actionshttp://www.fcc.gov/eb/Welcome.html 68. The Networks - Standards and PracticesSelf-RegulationNational Association of Broadcasters Code (1950) Advancement of education and culture Community responsibility Responsibility toward children General program standards Suspended in 1976 when Family Hour ruledunconstitutional Advertising standards limiting number and lengthcommercials (largely abolished in 1982) 69. The Networks - Standards and PracticesSelf-Regulation and Self-Censorship Societal responsibility To counter potential governmental censorship To preserve the network brand To maintain the desired audience To keep advertisers and sponsors To avoid issues of liability 70. The Networks - Standards and PracticesContent Rating 71. The Networks - Standards and Practices M*A*S*Hhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AlpvonVbH-c 72. The Networks - Standards and Practices Boneshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnkO2XKEncw 73. The Networks - Standards and Practiceshttp://www.thedailybeast.com/video/item/conan-obrien-versus-standards-and-practices 74. Television Pioneers - Sylvester Pat Weaver President of NBC, 1953 - 1955; Chairman 1955 -1956 Introduced the practice of networks producing their owntelevision programming, then selling advertising timeduring the broadcasts, reducing the influence of individualsponsors. Created Today and The Tonight Show 1994: Its very disappointing, he said. Theres occasionalgood things on, but theres no consistent artsprogramming. 75. The Sponsors and Agencies 1950s: Sponsors demand that those with purported Communistaffiliations be blacklisted. Westinghouse Electric once tried to change the title of RudyardKiplings The Light that Failed. 1959: "Playhouse 90 - Judgment at Nuremberg All referencesto gas chambers eliminated from its re-enactment of the Nazitrials at the behest of the shows sponsor, the American GasAssociation. 1964: General Motors threatened to withdrawal from Bonanzashould an episode starring black actors William Marshall, FriaHartman, and Ken Renard be aired. After confrontations withNBC and the NAACP, as well as considerable negativepublicity, General Motors reversed its position. Theepisode, "Enter Thomas Bowers," was telecast on April 26 asscheduled. 76. The Sponsors and Agencies Product placement: Cisco technology has featured in a number of TV showsand movies, and if youre a fan of the blockbuster series24 you will be well aware of how Cisco technology hashelped Jack Bauer save the world! When you see Cisco solutions in action on TV or in themovies you can better understand how our networktechnology is transforming the way we communicate andcollaborate. Watch the clips, find out more about the technologybehind the scenes, or check out other TV shows andmovies that feature Cisco technology.Look out for theseshows on DVD!http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/UK/about/tvmovies.html#~CSI:%20NY 77. The Sponsors and AgenciesProduct placement:2004http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/tue-may-4-2004/back-in-black---product-placement 78. The Sponsors and AgenciesProduct placement:2007http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid271557392?bctid=1333281767 79. The Sponsors and AgenciesProduct placement:30 Rockhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGx3PBdb4f8 80. The Sponsors and AgenciesProduct placement:30 Rockhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGx3PBdb4f8 81. The Sponsors and AgenciesProduct placement:2008http://www.charlierose.com/view/clip/9608 82. The Viewers (Special Interest Groups)November 2010PTC Report Notes Sharp Rise in Primetime BroadcastProfanityParents Television Council says its new report documents a "sharprise" in profanity in prime time broadcast TV, both in frequency and"harshness." In a study of the first two weeks of prime time in 2010compared to the same period in 2005, PTC says there has been a69.3% increase in the past five years, with the greatest increasecoming in the 8-9 p.m. time period that was once the so-called familyhour. PTC President Tim Winter attributes the rise to the courtchallenges to the FCCs authority to regulate indecency. PTC says 111f-words have been used in the family hour in 2010, vs. 10 in 2005,and a total of 276 vs. 11 in all prime time periods of 2005.(John Eggerton, Broadcasting & Cable Online, Nov. 9, 2010) 83. The Viewers (Special Interest Groups)September 2010Sesame Street Pulls Perry SegmentSesame Workshop has decided not to air a parody featuring KatyPerry after complaints that her costume was too revealing,following the segments preview on YouTube. "Sesame Street hasa long history of working with celebrities across all genres,including athletes, actors, musicians and artists," said SesameWorkshop in a statement. "Sesame Street has always beenwritten on two levels, for the child and adult. In light of thefeedback weve received on the Katy Perry music video, which wasreleased on YouTube only, we have decided we will not air thesegment on the television broadcast of Sesame Street, which isaimed at preschoolers. But it added that "Katy Perry fans will stillbe able to view the video on www.katyperry.com."http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHROHJlU_Ng 84. The Viewers (Special Interest Groups)September 2010Sesame Street Pulls Perry Segmenthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHROHJlU_Ng 85. The Viewers (Special Interest Groups)September 2010Sesame Street Pulls Perry Segmenthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHROHJlU_Ng 86. The Viewers (Special Interest Groups)September 2010PTC Shifts $#*! My Dad Says Campaign to Local StationsThe Parents Television Council is taking its campaign against CBSsnew show, $#*! My Dad Says, to the local level. It had beentargeting national advertisers - a spokesperson said it has contactedover 300 advertisers - but said Sept. 21 that it would shift thecampaign to "grassroots activists" who will " take their concernsdirectly to their hometown CBS affiliates and each affiliates localadvertisers." PTC President Tim winter says that PTC members willkeep track of the local advertisers in the show and get in their facesover that decision. CBS has said that the show "will in no way beindecent and will adhere to all CBS standards," adding that: "Parentswho choose to do so will find the show can easily be blocked usingtheir V-Chip.(John Eggerton, Broadcasting & Cable Online, Sept. 21, 2010) 87. Pearl Jam and President Bushhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQH1tp8_zAA 88. Pearl Jam and President Bushhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybc9mcBIcWY 89. South Park 2006: Mohammedhttp://www.southparkstudios.com/clips/103667/a-crap-cartoon 90. "It is neither realistic nor constitutionally sound toread the First Amendment as requiring thatpeople of Maine or Mississippi accept publicdepiction of conduct found tolerable in LasVegas or New York City.Supreme Court Ruling, 1973