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Relation Between Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Running Performance in Free-Living: an Analysis of HRV4Training Data
International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics. Orlando, 2017!
HRV4Training.com!
Marco Altini, Chris Van Hoof and Oliver Amft!
2!
MEASURING BEHAVIOR VS MEASURING HEALTH & PERFORMANCE
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
Research as well as consumer products have been mainly focusing on measuring behavior (steps, calories, activities performed, etc.)!!!These approaches have limitations, behavioral aspects are important (what we do) but to implement effective interventions and provide relevant feedback we should quantify changes in our health and performance (potentially resulting from behavioral interventions)!
3!
HOW DO WE QUANTIFY HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE?
BHI, 2017!
Cardiorespiratory fitness is a key health parameter and performance indicator in endurance sports!It refers to the ability of the cardiorespiratory system to provide oxygen to muscles during physical activity!!Regular exercise improves these processes (bigger heart muscle which reflects into more blood being pumped with each beat, more arteries in trained skeletal muscles, etc.)!
HRV4Training.com!
4!
HOW DO WE MEASURE CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS?
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
VO2max tests: gold standard, maximal oxygen uptake during incremental exercise!!Impractical: infrastructure and personnel required!!Submaximal tests: limited effort, typically still require a certain exercise to be performed (e.g. run at a certain intensity)! !
5!
SUBMAXIMAL AND NON-EXERCISE TESTS
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
Recent developments showed that VO2max can be estimated with good accuracy during activities of daily living!!However, we typically stop here ! !
6!
SUBMAXIMAL AND NON-EXERCISE TESTS
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
Recent developments showed that VO2max can be estimated with good accuracy during activities of daily living!!However, we typically stop here ! !Many questions remain unanswered. Is the sub-maximal estimate sufficiently accurate? What does it mean in practical terms? Can we use estimated VO2max as a proxy of performance? How do we validate the usefulness and practical applicability of our estimates? !
7!
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
1. Build VO2max estimation models relying on data that can be acquired in free-living without specific protocols: no effort required on the subject/user side. Validate these models in the lab.!
2. Deploy VO2max estimation models in free-living on a large set of study participants (500+)!
3. Collect reference data related to human performance to evaluate the relation between performance and estimated VO2max and determine it’s usefulness in unsupervised free-living settings
OUR APPROACH
8!
1. BUILD VO2MAX ESTIMATION MODELS
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
48 participants (22 male, 26 female), ECG and indirect calorimetry were acquired while running at different speeds and during a VO2max test on a cycle ergometer. To keep speed unconstrained we included as predictor the running speed to heart rate ratio in our VO2max estimation model
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R=0.72
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30 40 50 60Predicted VO2max
Ref
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O2m
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Gender●
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FemaleMale
Anth − VO2max (ml/kg/min)
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R=0.72
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30 40 50 60Predicted VO2max
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Resting − VO2max (ml/kg/min)
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R=0.8
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30 40 50 60Predicted VO2max
Ref
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O2m
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Training − VO2max (ml/kg/min)
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30 35 40 45 50 55Mean, (Reference + Fitted)/2
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Bland−Altman − Anth − VO2max (ml/kg/min)
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Bland−Altman − Resting − VO2max (ml/kg/min)
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−20
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30 40 50Mean, (Reference + Fitted)/2
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Bland−Altman − Training − VO2max (ml/kg/min)
9!
2. DEPLOY VO2MAX ESTIMATION MODELS
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
HRV4Training app: spot check for resting physiological data (heart rate, heart rate variability). Camera based, low cost, low barrier. Currently 14K+ users!!Training data: HRV4Training links to Strava and can collect workouts data (running pace, speed, heart rate, etc.)!Models built in the lab were deployed to users meeting certain criteria (app link to Strava, training with a heart rate monitor, 6 weeks of data and 12 workouts available)
10!
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
Real life running performance was determined as the best time over “standard” running distances, such as the 10km, half marathon and full marathon. Running times were acquired from HRV4Training via the Strava integration over a period of one to 8 months!Runners were also clustered in categories based on running time over the three distances (fast, average, slow)!!!!!
3. COLLECT REFERENCE DATA
11!
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
RELATION BETWEEN ESTIMATED VO2MAX AND REAL-LIFE RUNNING PERFORMANCE
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R=−0.6
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0.6 0.8 1.0<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
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VO
2max
Category●
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FastAverageSlow
Gender● Female
Male
a) Best 10km time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.56
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1.5 2.0 2.5<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
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VO
2max
b) Best half marathon time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.61
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3 4 5<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
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VO
2max
c) Best marathon time in relation to VO2max
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Fast Average Slow
Estim
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VO
2max
d) Runner category and VO2max (all users)
12!
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
RELATION BETWEEN ESTIMATED VO2MAX AND REAL-LIFE RUNNING PERFORMANCE
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R=−0.6
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0.6 0.8 1.0<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
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VO
2max
Category●
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FastAverageSlow
Gender● Female
Male
a) Best 10km time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.56
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1.5 2.0 2.5<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
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VO
2max
b) Best half marathon time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.61
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3 4 5<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
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VO
2max
c) Best marathon time in relation to VO2max
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Estim
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VO
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d) Runner category and VO2max (all users)
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0.6 0.8 1.0<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
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VO
2max
Category●
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Gender● Female
Male
a) Best 10km time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.56
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1.5 2.0 2.5<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
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VO
2max
b) Best half marathon time in relation to VO2max
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3 4 5<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
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VO
2max
c) Best marathon time in relation to VO2max
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Fast Average Slow
Estim
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VO
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d) Runner category and VO2max (all users)
13!
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
RELATION BETWEEN ESTIMATED VO2MAX AND REAL-LIFE RUNNING PERFORMANCE
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R=−0.6
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0.6 0.8 1.0<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
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VO
2max
Category●
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FastAverageSlow
Gender● Female
Male
a) Best 10km time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.56
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1.5 2.0 2.5<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
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VO
2max
b) Best half marathon time in relation to VO2max
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3 4 5<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
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VO
2max
c) Best marathon time in relation to VO2max
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Fast Average Slow
Estim
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VO
2max
d) Runner category and VO2max (all users)
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0.6 0.8 1.0<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
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VO
2max
Category●
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Gender● Female
Male
a) Best 10km time in relation to VO2max
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Estim
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VO
2max
b) Best half marathon time in relation to VO2max
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Estim
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VO
2max
c) Best marathon time in relation to VO2max
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d) Runner category and VO2max (all users)
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Estim
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VO
2max
Category●
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Gender● Female
Male
a) Best 10km time in relation to VO2max
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Estim
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VO
2max
b) Best half marathon time in relation to VO2max
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2max
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2max
d) Runner category and VO2max (all users)
14!
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
RELATION BETWEEN ESTIMATED VO2MAX AND REAL-LIFE RUNNING PERFORMANCE
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Estim
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VO
2max
Category●
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Gender● Female
Male
a) Best 10km time in relation to VO2max
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VO
2max
b) Best half marathon time in relation to VO2max
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2max
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VO
2max
Category●
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Gender● Female
Male
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VO
2max
b) Best half marathon time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.61
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2max
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2max
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Estim
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VO
2max
Category●
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Gender● Female
Male
a) Best 10km time in relation to VO2max
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Estim
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VO
2max
b) Best half marathon time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.61
30
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VO
2max
c) Best marathon time in relation to VO2max
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Estim
ated
VO
2max
d) Runner category and VO2max (all users)
Moderate to strong correlation for all running distances (r = 0.56-0.61)
15!
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
RELATION BETWEEN ESTIMATED VO2MAX AND REAL-LIFE RUNNING PERFORMANCE
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Estim
ated
VO
2max
Category●
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FastAverageSlow
Gender● Female
Male
a) Best 10km time in relation to VO2max
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VO
2max
b) Best half marathon time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.61
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VO
2max
c) Best marathon time in relation to VO2max
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VO
2max
d) Runner category and VO2max (all users)
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Estim
ated
VO
2max
Category●
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Gender● Female
Male
a) Best 10km time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.56
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Estim
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VO
2max
b) Best half marathon time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.61
30
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3 4 5<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
ated
VO
2max
c) Best marathon time in relation to VO2max
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Estim
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VO
2max
d) Runner category and VO2max (all users)
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0.6 0.8 1.0<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
ated
VO
2max
Category●
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FastAverageSlow
Gender● Female
Male
a) Best 10km time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.56
30
40
50
60
70
1.5 2.0 2.5<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
ated
VO
2max
b) Best half marathon time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.61
30
40
50
60
70
3 4 5<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
ated
VO
2max
c) Best marathon time in relation to VO2max
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30
40
50
60
70
Fast Average Slow
Estim
ated
VO
2max
d) Runner category and VO2max (all users)
Moderate to strong correlation for all running distances (r = 0.56-0.61)
16!
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
RELATION BETWEEN ESTIMATED VO2MAX AND REAL-LIFE RUNNING PERFORMANCE
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R=−0.6
30
40
50
60
70
0.6 0.8 1.0<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
ated
VO
2max
Category●
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FastAverageSlow
Gender● Female
Male
a) Best 10km time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.56
30
40
50
60
70
1.5 2.0 2.5<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
ated
VO
2max
b) Best half marathon time in relation to VO2max
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R=−0.61
30
40
50
60
70
3 4 5<− Faster −−− Time (hours) −−− Slower −>
Estim
ated
VO
2max
c) Best marathon time in relation to VO2max
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30
40
50
60
70
Fast Average Slow
Estim
ated
VO
2max
d) Runner category and VO2max (all users)
17!
BHI, 2017! HRV4Training.com!
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
We could provide confirmative insights on the feasibility of!using sub-maximal HR to estimate fitness level in free-living, and use such estimated fitness level as a metric representative of running performance !!Estimated VO2max can potentially be used to track individual performance outside laboratory settings, driving motivation and helping athletes of all levels keep track of progress as well as adopt individualized training plans based on a person’s physiological response to training!!Individual variance should be further investiaged!
Thank you
Marco Altini, PhD !!
[email protected]!@marco_alt!
International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics. Orlando, 2017!
HRV4Training.com!
