View
947
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Hydro-Climatic Disasters in Water Resources Management
30 Nov - 02 Dec 2009, Georgetown, Guyuna
No single definitionDisaster event may be classified as;
At least 10 people are killed and/or 100 or more are affected and/or An appeal for international assistance
or A state of emergency is declared
Q: What defines disaster in Guyana
Susman (1990)- Interface between an extreme physical environment and a vulnerable human population
Anderson (1992) - Temporary event triggered by natural hazards that overwhelm local response capacity and seriously affect social and economic development of the region
A disaster a serious disruption of the functioning of a society or community
Causes widespread human, material or environmental loss which exceeds the capacity of the affected society to cope without external intervention
1. Hydro-meteorological: Droughts/famine, Floods, Wind storms, Avalanches, landslides, extreme temperatures, heat waves, hurricanes, forest fires, insect infestations and storm surges
2. Geophysical disasters:Earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami etc.
Priority 1. Make disaster risk reduction a priority at the national level
Priority 2. Improve risk information and early warning
Priority 3. Build understanding and awareness
Priority 4. Reduce disaster risks in key sectors
Priority 5. Strengthen preparedness and response (Community resilience)
Two main function of water resources management Manage for beneficial use Control extreme occurrences
Two main function of water resources management Manage for beneficial use Control extreme occurrences
Process that promotes coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources
Aim at maximizing equitable economic and social welfare and sustainability of vital ecosystems
IWRM is a systematic process Sustainable development/management
of water resources Equitable allocations Water efficiency - monitoring WR uses
in context text of social-economic / environmental objectives
IWRM must be understood as a process than method
Limited freshwater sources Growth in population and resultant
pressures on WR Increased economic activities – demand and
pollution Improved standard of living - higher
consumption, hence competition and conflicts
Over-exploit of land resources – damaging effects on water resources and disasters
Climate change and variability impacts A globally accepted concept that makes good
sense
Principle 1. Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource
Principle 2. Water development and management should be
based on a participatory approach,
Principle 3. Women play a central part in the provision,
management and safeguarding of water
Principle 4. Water has an economic value
Main uses: Water for people Water for production Water for ecosystem
Each water use has its problems and constraints
Cultivate willingness and capacity to address them jointly (water governance)
Recognising the inter-related nature and impact of uses and sources an important step in IWRM
IWRM and water efficiency strategies are designed to meet development goals Increase production/food security Protect ecosystem Poverty / vulnerability reduction
Tackle specific water challenges Flooding Mitigating drought effects Increase access to water and sanitation Address competition for water
Water Uses
Land and water managementQuality and quantitySurface and groundwaterCross-sectoral and upstream –
downstream dialogueFreshwater and coastal zone
management (as a special up-down stream case)
Integration
Management Instruments
Enabling Environment
Institutional Framework
Sets out the “GAME RULES”
The “players’ COMPETENCIES and SKILLS”(needed to play the game)
CHANGES CAN BE MADE INTO
Define:Who the “PLAYERS” Are what they should do
IWRM CHANGE AREAS
DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
HYDRO-CLIMATIC DISASTERS
DISASTER RESPONSE
WATER DISASTER RISKS
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
IWRM APPROACH
Failure in Agricultural Production Failure in hydro-power based industries Destruction of infrastructure Loss of life & property Disease outbreak & epidemicsEconomic stagnationStress and disaffection
Assess to information on hydro-climatic disasters
Increase budgets for water related disasters Promote linkages between IWRM and water
related disasters Raising awareness Promoting disaster knowledge
• Hydro-Climatic disasters will continue to live with us and hence we need to adapt methods to manage them so as to reduce their negative impacts to the society
• Good management of these disasters would call for maximum utilization of positive impacts minimization of community vulnerability though;
1) Awareness creation 2) Disaster proofing3) Improving on environmental protection4) Development of disaster Early Warning (DEW)5) Implementation of IWRM process at catchment
level REMEMBER:
Preparing for disasters is far more cost-effective than to recovering from them after they have occurred