Aim: How can we Differentiate between Living and Non

Aim: How can we Differentiate between Living and Non-living?

Do Now: Sewer Lice

• What were your thoughts about the sewer lice?

• Think of one question about the sewer lice.

Characteristics of Life

• All living things:

– Are made up of one or more cells

–Undergo metabolic processes

–Maintain homeostasis

–Perform the eight life functions

Metabolism

• ALL chemical reactions that occur in an organism to make and use energy.• Respiration, Regulation, Reproduction, Growth,

Excretion, Nutrition, Transport, Synthesis • 3R-GENTS

mitochondria

Homeostasis

•Maintaining a constant internal condition, regardless of the external environment.

•Example: Shivering, Sweating

Cellular Respiration

• Produces Energy ATP–Occurs in the mitochondria

a. Aerobic: needs oxygen

b. Anaerobic: does NOT need oxygen

R espiration

R

R

G

E

N

T

Smitochondria

Regulation• Control and coordination of

life processes

• Allows the body to maintain homeostasis

R espiration

R egulation

R

G

E

N

T

S

Reproduction

• Production of offspring

a. Asexual – 1 parent

b. Sexual – 2 parents

• NOT required for the survival of the individual

R espiration

R egulation

R eproduction

G

E

N

T

S

Growth and Repair

▪ To increase in size

▪ Change over an individual’s life time

◆ Gets bigger

◆ Matures

R espiration

R egulation

R eproduction

G rowth

E

N

T

S

Excretion

• Removal of metabolic waste

–CO2, water, urea, urine, sweat

R espiration

R egulation

R eproduction

G rowth

E xcretion

N

T

S

Nutrition

• All organisms get nutrients through food

– Autotrophic: Make their own food through photosynthesis

– Heterotrophic: Get nutrients from the environment

R espiration

R egulation

R eproduction

G rowth

E xcretion

Nutrition

T

S

Transport

• Organisms circulate and absorb materials through the cells

R espiration

R egulation

R eproduction

G rowth

E xcretion

N utrition

T ransport

S

Synthesis

• To build (make) from small to large

R espiration

R egulation

R eproduction

G rowth

E xcretion

N utrition

T ransport

S ynthesis

Your mission is to create your own alien and explain how it accomplishes ALL 8 of

the life functions

Alien from Mars - Twinkie

HeterotrophicNutrition

Kills rats with ears andfeeds using claws

SynthesisIt makes a poison which

kills its enemies

ReproductionIn order to reproduceit inserts antenna into

Female’s stinger

ExcretionRemoves waste from

cells that come outthrough stinger & eyes

Cell RespirationIt inhales nitrogen gas

through nostrils and it is transported to cells to

make ATP

RegulationIt maintains a constant

body temperature by sweating Gatorade

GrowthIncreases in size by eating

40 lbs of slime a day

Transport – Materials move around the body by tiny microorganisms

Aim: How was the Cell Theory Developed?

Do Now:

The Wacky History of Cell Theory

Directions: As you watch the video, answer the following questions.1. List the three parts of the cell theory.2. Briefly summarize the findings of each of

the scientists in the chart.• Anton Van Leeuwehoek• Robert Hooke• Matthias Schleiden• Theodore Schwann• Rudolph Virchow

Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of cells

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function

3. New cells come from pre-existing cells

Exceptions to the Cell Theory

1. Viruses are NOT living

2. Where did the first cell come from?

3. Mitochondria & chloroplast have their own genetic material & can reproduce on their own (yet they are organelles NOT cells)

“History of the Cell”: Where Did it Begin?..\Unit 2 Life Functions and the Cell Wkst\04_Cell History Timeline Activity.pdf

Aim: How do cellular organelles perform the life functions?

Do Now: Life Functions Quiz

HW #3.2 – Plant Vs. Animal Cell

Levels of Tissue Organization

• Organelle – specialized structures that perform the 8 life functions in the cell

• Cell - unit of structure and function for all life

• Tissue - composed of groups of similar cells

• Organs - composed of groups of tissues functioning together

• Organ systems - composed of groups of organs functioning together

• Organism – composed of organ systems working together

Levels of Organization

Organelle

Tissue Organ

Organism

Organ

System

Cell

Quick Check

1. Which sequence represents the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

(1) organism → cell → tissue → organelle → organ system → organ

(2) organ system → organ → organism → cell → tissue → organelle

(3) organelle → organ system → cell → organism → tissue → organ

(4) organelle → cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism

Types of Cells

Ex. animal cells

Prokaryote- no organelles

Eukaryotes- organelles

Ex. Bacterial cells

Ex. plant cells

Cell Size Comparison

Bacterial cell

Animal cell

▪ micron = micrometer = 1/1,000,000 meter

▪ diameter of human hair = ~20 microns

most bacteria (prokaryotes)

▪1-10 microns

eukaryotic cells

▪10-100 microns

Cell Size and Scale

• Specialized structures in cells which perform cellular functions

• Only found in EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Organelles

Plasma (Cell) Membrane

• Separates cell from outside

• Functions:– Regulates what comes in and out of the cell

• Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Water, Food, Wastes

– Recognizes chemical signals from other cells

• Allows for cell communication

Cytoplasm

• Jelly-like material holding organelles in place

Nucleus

• Function: CONTROL center

• Contains DNA – instructions for building proteins

• Structure

–Nuclear Membrane

–Nucleolus

• Makes ribosomes

–Chromosomes - DNA

RIBosomes

• Function: Site of protein synthesis

– Proteins are made here using the DNA code from the nucleus

• Found “free” in cytoplasm or attached t0 the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes on ER

• Function: Transportsproteins throughout the cell

• Rough ER – Ribosomes

• Smooth ER – NO Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Golgi Apparatus

• Function: Finishes, sorts, labels and ships proteins

transport vesicles

vesiclescarrying proteins

small

food

particle

vacuole

digesting food

lysosomes

digesting brokenorganelles

Lysosome Functions:

• Digests food

• Cleans up and recycles worn-out organelles

Vacuole• Function: Serves as a

storage site

• Types:

–Food vacuole – stores and

digests food

–Contractile vacuole – pumps

out excess water to maintain homeostasis

Mitochondria

• Function: Site of Cellular Respiration

–"Powerhouse of the cell"

–Produces Energy (ATP)http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.cell.mitochondria/

ATP

The Powerhouse of the Cellhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.cell.mitochondria

Discussion Questions

1. What are the differences in the muscles of a sprinter and a marathon runner?

2. How would you explain that skin cells have a lot fewer mitochondria than muscle cells?

3. If you looked at heart cells, would you expect to see a lot of mitochondria or only a few?

Centriole

• Function: Help coordinate cell division

–Found in only animal cells

PLANT CELL ORGANELLES ONLY

Cell Wall

• Surrounds & supports the cell

Chloroplasts

• Function: Site of PHOTOSYNTHESIS–Uses the sun’s energy to

make food (sugar) for the plant

Quick Quiz

1. Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration?

2. Which organelle is considered the brain of the cell?

3. Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?

4. Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis?

5. Which organelle controls what enters and exits the cell?

Aim: How does the function of a cell compare to a city?

Do Now: Regents Review Questions

HW:

The Cell is like a City

A wife was making a breakfast of fried eggs for her husband.

Suddenly, her husband burst into the kitchen.

"Careful, " he said, "CAREFUL! Put in some more butter! Oh my GOD! You're cooking too many at once. TOO MANY! Turn them! TURN THEM NOW! We need more butter. Oh my GOD! WHERE are we going to get MORE BUTTER? They're going to STICK! Careful . CAREFUL! I said be CAREFUL! You NEVER listen to me when you're cooking! Never! Turn them! Hurry up! Are you CRAZY? Have you LOST your mind? Don't forget to salt them. You know you always forget to salt them. Use the salt. USE THE SALT! THE SALT!"

The wife stared at him. "What in the world is wrong with you? You think I don't know how to fry a couple of eggs?!"

The husband calmly sat down and replied, "I just wanted to show you what it feels like when I'm driving."

Create Your Own Analogy