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HOW TO CONTROL CANCER
Putting Science into Practice
THE AIM OF CANCER CONTROLReduction of Cancer Incidence,
Morbidity & Mortality by:• Prevention
• Early Diagnosis
• Treatment• Palliative Care
REV
THE W.H.O. PUBLIC HEALTH MODEL FOR CANCER CONTROL
• Assess the magnitude of the cancer problem
• Evaluate possible strategies for cancer control
• Choose priorities for initial cancer control activities of prevention, screening, therapy and palliative care
• Set measurable cancer control objectives REV
PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CANCER
• Tobacco Control
• Diet
• Control of Alcohol Consumption
• Occupation and Environment
• Infections (viruses and parasites)
• Reducing Sunlight Exposure• Sexual and Reproductive Factors REV
PRIMARY PREVENTIONTobacco Control
• Education
• Legislation• National Leadership
REV
PRIMARY PREVENTIONDIET
• Education
• Legislation• National Leadership
REV
PRIMARY PREVENTIONAlcohol
• Education
• Legislation• National Leadership
REV
PRIMARY PREVENTIONOccupational Hazards
• Education
• Legislation• National Leadership
REV
PRIMARY PREVENTIONViral Hepatitis B
• Education
• Legislation• National Leadership
REV
PRIMARY PREVENTIONOverexposure to Sunlight
• Education
• Legislation• National Leadership
REV
Primary PreventionSexual and Reproductive Factors• Hormonal influences
• Sexually transmitted diseases
REV
EARLY DETECTION
EducationREV
EARLY DETECTION
DownstagingREV
EARLY DETECTION
Downstaging for Cervical CancerREV
EARLY DETECTION
Downstaging for Oral CancerREV
EARLY DETECTION
ScreeningREV
EARLY DETECTION
Screening for Cervical CancerREV
EARLY DETECTION
Screening for Breast CancerREV
EARLY DETECTION• Esophagus• Stomach• Colon and rectum• Liver• Lung• Ovary• Bladder• Prostate
TREATMENT
•Surgery
•Radiotherapy•Chemotherapy
General principles REV
TREATMENT
The Role of Surgery REV
TREATMENT
The Role of
Radiation TherapyREV
TREATMENT
The Role of ChemotherapyREV
TREATMENT
The Role of Hormonal TherapyREV
TREATMENT
The Role of Biological Therapy
REV
TREATMENT
How Effective is Cancer Treatment ?
REV
TREATMENT
•Policies–Treatment Policies–Referral Policies
REV
PALLIATIVE CARE• Palliative Medicine is the study and
management of patients with active, progressive, far-advanced disease for whom the prognosis is limited and the focus of care is the quality of life.”
Doyle et al (Eds). Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine. P3. Oxford
University Press, Oxford, 1996. REV
SUMMARY
• Cancer is a Disease of Lifestyle With Both Host Resistance and Genetic Components
• 60-80% of the Risk factors for Cancer are Avoidable
• Putting Science Into Practice Leads to a Public Health Approach for Cancer Control Which Integrates Prevention, Screening, Treatment and Palliation at the National Level
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