View
222
Download
1
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Latin AmericanLatin AmericanIndependence Independence
MovementsMovements(Lesson 1)(Lesson 1)
Latin AmericanLatin AmericanIndependence MovementsIndependence Movements
Focus Questions to Consider:Focus Questions to Consider:
1.1. Which major Native American groups inhabited Which major Native American groups inhabited Mexico and South America?Mexico and South America?
2.2. What happened to these groups when the Spanish What happened to these groups when the Spanish conquistadorsconquistadors arrived? arrived?
3.3. What was the What was the encomiendaencomienda system? system?
4.4. Which cash crop dominated Latin America?Which cash crop dominated Latin America?
5.5. How did How did social stratificationsocial stratification affect South America? affect South America?
Aztec and Incan Aztec and Incan civilizations thrived in civilizations thrived in America long before America long before the arrival of the arrival of EuropeansEuropeans
Spanish ConquistadorsSpanish Conquistadors
Hernando Cortez – Enters Mexico where Aztecs have a thriving civilization
Francisco Pizarro –Enters Peru, where Incas have a thriving civilization
Encomienda SystemEncomienda System
“ “We need crops like sugar cane to We need crops like sugar cane to be cultivated so that we can sell it be cultivated so that we can sell it
and make money. We cannot do this and make money. We cannot do this without workers. Our great king has without workers. Our great king has
ordered that we do whatever ordered that we do whatever necessary to get the natives to work. necessary to get the natives to work.
All who resist will be subjected to All who resist will be subjected to cruel punishments and even death.”cruel punishments and even death.”
(Spanish conquistador, 1530)(Spanish conquistador, 1530)
Right to demand labor or tribute Right to demand labor or tribute (payment) from Native Americans(payment) from Native Americans
Brutal conditions/enslavementBrutal conditions/enslavement
Disease, starvation and cruel treatment Disease, starvation and cruel treatment drastically decreased the populationdrastically decreased the population
Encomienda SystemEncomienda System
Sugar Cane Plantations
“Cash Crops”
How does the encomienda system help to explain the trend shown in this graph?
Explain the connection between these two charts.
Who do you think was at the top of Who do you think was at the top of the Social Structure of Spanish the Social Structure of Spanish colonies?colonies? Native Americans and Native Americans and
AfricansAfricans Creoles/Criollos Creoles/Criollos – People of – People of
European descent, but born in European descent, but born in the coloniesthe colonies
Mestizos – Mestizos – Mix of Native Mix of Native American and European descentAmerican and European descent
Mulattoes –Mulattoes – Mix of African and Mix of African and European descentEuropean descent
Peninsulares –Peninsulares – People born in People born in EuropeEurope
Peninsulares –Born in Spain
Creoles – European descent, but born in the colonies
Native Americans and Africans
Mestizos – Mix of Native American and European descent
Mulattoes – Mix of African and European descent
Social Structure of Spanish colonies
Peninsulares Mestizos
How does this compare How does this compare to the situation that to the situation that
existed in France existed in France throughout the 1700s?throughout the 1700s?
How do you think people living in Latin American colonies reacted
when they heard about Enlightenment ideas and the
accomplishments of the American and French Revolutions?
CAUSESCAUSES
PROBLEMS OFTHE SPANISH EMPIRE
THEENLIGHTENMENT
THEAMERICAN
REVOLUTION
THE FRENCH
REVOLUTION
the endthe end
Latin AmericanLatin AmericanIndependence Independence
MovementsMovements(Lesson 2)(Lesson 2)
CAUSESCAUSES
PROBLEMS OFTHE SPANISH EMPIRE
THEENLIGHTENMENT
THEAMERICAN
REVOLUTION
THE FRENCH
REVOLUTION
Toussant L’Ouverture
“We are fighting so that liberty -
the most precious of all
earthly possessions –
may not perish”
1.
1. Toussaint L’Ouverture1. Toussaint L’Ouverture
places places liberateliberatedd
colonial colonial powerpower
important factsimportant facts yearyear
HaitiHaiti FranceFrance
-self-educated former self-educated former slaveslave-familiar with familiar with Enlightenment ideasEnlightenment ideas-led guerilla war led guerilla war against French armyagainst French army
18201820
“I will not rest until I have broken the
chains that bind us to the will of Spain”
Simon Bolivar
2.
2. Sim2. Simóón Boln Bolíívarvar
places places liberatedliberated
colonicolonial al powerpower
important factsimportant facts yearyear
VenezuelVenezuela a EcuadorEcuador
ColombiColombia Perua Peru
BoliviaBolivia
SpainSpain
-““the Liberator”the Liberator”-educated in Europeeducated in Europe-led militaryled military-wanted one united wanted one united country “Gran country “Gran Colombia”Colombia”
18218211
José de San Martin
3.
“Of what my Granadiers are
capable, only I know, who matches them there will be, who
exceeds them there won't.”
“De lo que mis granaderos son
capaces, solo lo sé yo, quien los iguale habrá quien los exceda no. “
3. Jos3. Joséé de San Mart de San Martíínn
places places liberatedliberated
colonicolonial al powerpower
important factsimportant facts yearyear
ArgentinArgentina and a and ChileChile
SpainSpain
-educatededucated-military training in military training in EuropeEurope-joined forces with joined forces with Bolivar for some timeBolivar for some time
18181818,,
18211821
= freed by Bolívar= freed by San Martin
Miguel Hidalgo
« Siendo contra los clamores de la
naturaleza vender a los hombres, quedan abolidas las leyes de
ta esclavitud.”
4.
4. Miguel Hidalgo4. Miguel Hidalgo
places places liberatedliberated
colonicolonial al powerpower
important factsimportant facts yearyear
Mexico Mexico SpainSpain
-"Father of the "Father of the Country“Country“-began the fight for began the fight for independence but was independence but was executedexecuted-other revolutionary other revolutionary leaders finished the leaders finished the warwar
18211821
the endthe end
Recommended