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MetabolismPhotosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Chapters 8-10
Warm Up
Please complete the chapter 8 pretest you picked up when you came in.
Metabolism and Energy
Metabolism Catabolism
Anabolism
Bioenergetics
Energy Kinetic
Heat/Thermal
Light Energy
Potential
Chemical
Organisms are energy transformers!
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics System vs. Surroundings
Isolated System vs. Open System
First Law of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics Entropy (S)
Spontaneous (Energetically Favorable) vs. Nonspontaneous Processes
Think-Pair-Share
How does the second law of thermodynamics help explain the diffusion of a substance across a membrane?
Describe the forms of energy found in an apple as it grows on a tree, then falls, then is digested by someone who eats it.
If you place a teaspoon of sugar in the bottom of a glass of water, it will dissolve completely over time. Left longer, eventually the water will disappear and the sugar crystals will reappear. Explain these observations in terms of entropy.
Gibbs Free Energy
Free Energy ΔG = free energy of a system
-ΔG = spontaneous reaction
+ΔG = nonspontaneous reaction
ΔG = 0 = Dead Cell (can do no work)
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
ΔG = ΔGfinal – ΔGinitial
Enthalpy
Gibbs Free Energy
Endergonic vs. Exergonic Reactions
+ΔG -ΔG
Non-Spontaneous Spontaneous
Warm Up Exercise
Glow in the dark necklaces are snapped in a way that allows two chemicals to mix and they glow. Is this an endergonic or exergonic reaction? Explain.
In simple diffusion, H+ ions move to an equal concentration on both sides of a cell membrane. In cotransport, H+ ions are pumped across a membrane to create a concentration gradient. Which situation allows the H+ ions to perform work in the system?
ATP and Cellular Work
Three Types of Work Chemical
Transport
Mechanical
Energy Coupling Phosphorylated
Intermediate
ATP Hydrolysis
kh
ATP and Cellular Work
ATP Cycle
The body regenerates 10 million molecules of ATP per second per cell!
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