View
220
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
SUBORDİNATİON: DEPENDENT CLAUSES
If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause).
Mainly 3 roles of dependent clauses in a sentence:
1. Adverbial
2. Adjectival
3. Nominal
1. ADVERBİAL
Because a weasel is wild, it should be approached with great caution.
Yesterday the teacher called the students lazy when they complained about their assignments.
Some of the conjunctions used for adverbial clauses:
after before until while since as so that in order that because if unless whether although even though where
when
ADVERBİAL EXAMPLES
When will the flowers bloom?: when spring arrives
How did he answer the question?: as if he knew the subject quite well
Why didn't the poor woman have money?: because she had lost her job
2. ADJECTİVAL Modifier of a noun (relative clause-who, whom, which,
that, whose).
The man who lives upstairs bothers the neighbors.HE bothers THEM(S) (V) (O)
headword adjectival
The man who lives upstairs bothers the neighbors.HE bothers THEM(S) (V) (O)
Don’t forget! An adjectival clause follows the headword of the noun phrase in the sentence.
The neighbors know the man who lives upstairs
They know him (S) (V) (O)
headword adjectival
The neighbors know the man who lives upstairs
They know him (S) (V) (O)
OTHER ADJECTİVAL EXAMPLES
Which book did Joe read?: the one that I gave him
What kind of politician has the support of the people?: the one who is trustworthy
Which season?: the one when everything blooms
Which house?: the one where I was born
MORE EXAMPLES FOR ADJECTİVAL CLAUSES
An object that weighs five pounds on earth would weigh two pounds on the planet Mercury.
All the men who/whom citizens of the United States have elected as president have been native-born.
Mark Twain, whose real name was Samuel Clemens, grew up in Hannibal, Missouri.
Attention! We USE COMMAS when identification of the noun is not necessary.
E.g.
John F. Kennedy, who was assassinated in 1963, was the first Catholic president. (a familiar info)
The highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest, is located in Asia. (a fact)
If the clause answers the question ‘Which One?’, then we DO NOT USE COMMAS.
E.g The man who came by yesterday is my
professor.
Which man?
Without the relative clause, we don’t know which man.
3. NOMİNAL
Noun clauses
Annie Dillard says that a weasel is wild. something
Like a noun, a nominal clause names a person, place, thing, or idea. A nominal clause may function in a sentence as any of the following:
subject subjective complement
object of preposition direct object
indirect object
Nominal clauses may begin with ‘that’ or interrogatives:
who whom what which whoever whomever whatever
when where how why
Nominal Clause as Subject in a sentence
Nominal Clause as Subject Complement in a sentence
Nominal Clause as Object of Preposition in a sentence
Nominal Clause as Direct Object in a sentence
Nominal Clause as Indirect Object in a sentence
Nominal Clause beginning with That
Nominal Clause beginning with Whether
Nominal Clause beginning with If
Recommended