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Workshop on public transport terminals and support facilities
Thinking Infrastructure for Public Transport
Bangalore
Feb 16, 2012
Amit Bhatt
Strategy Head - Urban Transport
A successful urban transport system involves…
Low travel times and travel costs for people and goods
Equal access to urban life opportunities (social services, education, health, recreation)
Adequate support to desired form, size and density of the city-region
Limited impact on the environment: air/noise pollution; CO2 emissions
Reduced impact on public health: fatalities and injuries from traffic accidents
London, England
London, England
This implies a huge challenge as
City population increases…
Sou
rce
: U
nite
d N
atio
ns P
opu
latio
n D
ivis
ion,
Wor
ld
Urb
aniz
atio
n P
rosp
ect
s, T
he 2
005
Rev
isio
n
Slid
es d
evel
oped
orig
inal
ly b
y D
ario
Hid
algo
62.4 78.9 109159
217285
372473
583
700
820
0100200300400500600700800900
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 2041 2051
Pop
ulat
ion
(Mill
ions
)Urban population in India is expected to
double in a 30 year period
Projected
Source: O.P. Agarwal and S. Zimmerman “Towards Sustainable Mobility in Urban India”, Presented in the Annual TRB Meeting, Washington D.C. January 2008
and also…
Number of vehicles increases faster than population following economic development
Slid
es d
evel
oped
orig
inal
ly b
y D
ario
Hid
algo
Source: Lee Schipper, University of California at Berkeley, 2009
The number of motor vehicles is growing twice as fast as the population in India – mainly two wheelers (71%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2004
Thousands
Total M2W Cars Buses GoodsSource: O.P. Agarwal and S. Zimmerman “Towards Sustainable Mobility in Urban India”, Presented in the Annual TRB Meeting, Washington D.C. January 2008
However, Financial, institutional, physical resources are constrained
¿What to do?
Alternative 1: Capital intensive solutions
Give greater capacity to the road network to relieve congestion
Build massive rail transport systems (light rail- metro)
Alternative 2: Change paradigms
Give priority to non motorised transport and bus-based public transport
Restrict indiscriminate automobile use
Capital & Land intensive solutions:
highways
Infrastructure solutions lead to greater automobile dependence
Source: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37 GLOBAL CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman and Paul Barter, World Bank, 1997
Automobile dependence and Regional Economy
Reg
ion
al G
DP
per
per
son
(U
SD
19
90)
Automobile Use (Km/year per person)
US Cities
Automobile dependent cities have more accidents
Cities of United States have 66% more deaths in traffic accidents per person than peer cities in Europe and Asia, and 123% more than Toronto
Accidentalidad
R2 = 0.5748
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
Uso de Automóvil (Km por año por Persona)
Mu
erte
s en
Acc
iden
te d
e T
rán
sito
po
r 10
0, 0
00
Hab
itan
tes
Australia
EEUU
Toronto
Europa
Asia
Tendencia
Road Safety
Fat
alit
ies
in
Ro
ad
A
ccid
ents
pe
r 10
0,0
00
po
pu
lati
on
(19
90)
Automobile Use (Km/year per person)
Source: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37 GLOBAL CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman and Paul Barter, World Bank, 1997
US Cities
Automobile dependent cities have low densities (occupy large extensions)
R2 = 0.4278
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Km Carro/Persona/Año (1995)
Per
son
as/H
ectá
rea
(199
5)
USAAU-NZCanadá
Europa Occ.Europa Or.
Africa
Asia Ingreso Bajo
Asia Alto Ingreso
América Latina
China
Medio Oriente
Source: J. Kenworthy "Transport and Energy Use: A Study of 84 Global Cities", 2003
Automobile Use (Km/year per person 1995)
Per
son
s/H
ecta
re (
1995
)
Alternative Solutions for Sustainable Urban
Transport
Pedestrian and Bicycles
Public Transportation
Disincentives to Car Use
Cleaner and Cooler Fuels and Vehicles
Transit Oriented Development
http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/images/sidewalks/ps_rendering01.JPG
Public Transport - Bus Systems
High qualityUser orientedFastReliableLow cost
Leeds, UK
Sao PauloCuritiba
Bus Karo
Bus Karo – Guidebook on bus operations and planning
Technical workshops for 50+ cities
Direct Mentoring | Pilot Projects for 10+ cities
Support to Ministry of Urban Development for 2nd round of bus procurement
Bus Karo Plus
Outcome
By 2016, 20+ Indian Cities have more than 40% of motorized travel in public transport
Bus Karo Plus
Talking Transit• Capacity Building
Workshop • Study Tours
Mentoring Transit• Helping - pilot
Initiatives• Technical support
Learning Transit• Bus Karo• Case studies,
Databases• Best practices
Travel
Source: Oren Tatcher
Support Infrastructure for Public Transport
Depots
Stops
Pickup Points
Terminals
Interchanges
EMBARQ’s mission is to catalyze and help implement environmentally and financially sustainable transport solutions to improve quality of life in cities
email: [email protected]
web: EMBARQ.ORG
blog: THECITYFIX.COM
Thank you!
Bloomberg Philanthropies
Global Strategic Partners
FedEx
The British High Commission