The Australian National University

1973 Report

The Australian National University

Report of the Council for the period

i January 1973 to 31 December 1973

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ContentsPage 1 In troduction

4 U ndergraduate E ducation 11 P ostgrad u ate E ducation 13 R esearch

Research School of Biological Sciences Research School of Chemistry Research School of Earth Sciences The John Curtin School of Medical Research Research School of Pacific Studies Research School of Physical Sciences Research School of Social Sciences School of General StudiesCentre for Resource and Environmental Studies

30 E xternal A ctiv ities 33 U n iv ersity S ervices

The Library Counselling Services Health ServiceAustralian National University Press Centre for Continuing Education University Union Computer Centre Accommodation

38 Site and B uild ings39 C onclusion40 T he C ouncil43 D egrees C onferred 52 P rizew in n ers 56 A cadem ic V is ito rs59 U n iversity P u b lic L ectures in 197360 Senior S ta ff A p p oin tm en ts and P ro m otion s

School of General StudiesInstitute of Advanced Studies

63 Senior S taff R esign ation s and R etirem en ts School of General StudiesInstitute of Advanced Studies

64 B uild ing P rogram Su m m ary65 U n iv ersity S ta tistic s 70 P rin cip a l B en efaction s 77 F inancia l S ta tem en ts

The Australian National University

Report of the Council for the Period i January 1973 to 31 December 1973

To His Excellency the Honourable Sir John Kerr, KGMG, KStJ, Governor-General of Australia and Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Force of Australia.

May it Please Your Excellency

I have the honour to transmit to Your Excellency the Report of the Council of The Australian National University for the period from 1 January 1973 to 31 December 1973 furnished in compliance with Section 33 of the Australian National University Act 1946-1973.

H. C. Coombs

Chancellor

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In troduction

The triennial system of financing adopted by the Australian Universities Commission has imposed a broad pattern on the deliberative and planning processes of universities. 1973 was the first year of the 1973-75 triennium; it was also the year in which universi­ties were called on to prepare and submit their projections for the triennium 1976-78. The Report, which summarises the achievements of the Australian National University during 1973, will therefore reveal two main lines of activity: the institution of projects already approved and the consideration of developments in the future.

More specifically, the year brought several significant changes in senior University personnel, a process which will continue in 1974. Of these the most important was the retirement in March of Emeritus Professor Sir John Crawford, CBE, FASS A, from the office of Vice-Chancellor, which he had held since January 1968. Sir John was succeeded as Vice-Chancellor by Dr R. M. Williams, CBE, formerly Vice-Chancellor of the University of Otago, New Zealand.

In the Institute of Advanced Studies, the Director of the John Curtin School of Medical Research (Professor F. J. Fenner, MBE, FAA, FRS), and the Directors of the Research Schools of Physical Sciences (Professor Sir Ernest Titterton, CMG, FAA) and Social Sciences (Professor W. D. Borrie, OBE, FASSA) vacated their posts. It is expected that appointments will be made to these positions during 1974 (an invitation, which was subsequently accepted, was issued before the end of the year under review to Professor A. J. Youngson, Professor of Political Economy and Vice-Principal of the University of Edinburgh to assume the Headship of the Research School of Social Sciences). On 1 July a seventh research school, the Research School of Earth Sciences, was instituted with Professor A. L. Hales as its first Director. During the year the office of Dean in four of the five faculties of the School of General Studies—the exception being Arts—changed hands, and a new Dean of Students, Professor R. St C. Johnson, was appointed.

An event of especial significance for the University was the death, on 22 November, of the Hon. Dr J. J. Dedman, one of the chief of its founders. On 19 June 1946, as Minister for Post-War Reconstruction, he had introduced to the Parliament the Bill which established the Australian National University. Some eighteen years later he was honoured by the University with the degree of Doctor of Laws. Later still, at the age of 69, Dr Dedman graduated as a Bachelor of Arts of the Australian National University. He served on the University Council, as a member elected by Convocation, from 1967.

The University experienced a similar sense of loss through the death in Papua New Guinea on 8 April, of Professor J. W. Davidson, FASSA, foundation Professor of Pacific History in the Research School of Pacific Studies and a notable contributor

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to the scholarship of the Pacific region. Professor Davidson, at the time of his death, was consultant to the constitutional planning committee of the Papua New Guinea House of Assembly.

A feature of 1973 was the unprecedented extent of involvement by members of the academic staff as consultants to and as members of inquiries appointed by the Australian Government. This aspect of the University’s activities is discussed elsewhere in this Report.

In discharge of its major responsibilities for teaching and research, the University introduced new units in many disciplines within the School of General Studies, and a successful, experimental innovation was the introduction of the interdisciplinary Human Sciences Program. The first candidates to complete the Master of Agricultural Develop­ment Economics program by course work, introduced by the Department of Economics in the Research School of Pacific Studies in 1972, graduated in September. Detailed accounts of the University’s teaching and research activities are provided under the headings Undergraduate Education, Postgraduate Education and Research.

The year marked the further development of the concept of the University ‘centre-, within which interrelated problems will be investigated from the vantage point of several disciplines. Of modest size in terms of staff numbers, the centres are devoted primarily to research, sometimes also to the provision of specialist services to the University as a whole. It is intended, however, that most will provide opportunities for higher degree studies and some at least will conduct courses for undergraduates.

A similar multidisciplinary approach has been common in many of the University’s activities for several years and has led to the establishment of research ‘units’ within many of the research schools. The centres have the additional value of bringing together members of both the Institute of Advanced Studies and the School of General Studies in the examination of particular problems.

In February, Professor Fenner, formerly Director of the John Curtin School of Medical Research, took up the post of Director of the Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, one of four University centres established by Council in 1972. Directors of two more were appointed during the year. Mr K. R. W. Brewer is expected to commence as Director of the Survey Research Centre in February 1974 and Dr F. H. Bauer as Director of the North Australia Research Unit in July 1974. The post of Director of the Humanities Research Centre remained to be filled at the end of the year, as did that for the Office of Research in Academic Methods, whose establishment was authorised by Council during 1973.

The two principal academic Boards of the University, the Board of the Institute of Advanced Studies and the Board of the School of General Studies, have remained substantially unchanged in their composition and procedures since the time of the amalgamation with the Canberra University College in 1960. In the Institute of Advanced Studies the original complement of four research schools has now increased to seven, and while the cases for the establishment of new schools have been carefully scrutinised, it was thought timely for the Board to review the fundamental purpose and mode of operation of the Institute.

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The Board of the School of General Studies has continued its examination of the structure and function of the School and in particular has reviewed its own operations and procedures with a view to improving its effectiveness. Its report will be placed before the Council early in 1974.

A further review of existing policy relating to the size of the University was authorised by the Board of the School of General Studies at its September meeting. It is the present policy of Council, formulated in March 1970, that the student body should increase to no more than 7,200—comprised of 5,900 undergraduates, including 400 in a proposed Faculty of Medicine, and 1,300 postgraduate students. In 1973, gross enrolments totalled 5,088 of which 4,262 were undergraduates and 826 were engaged in postgraduate studies. At the estimated rates of growth, the University will reach its undergraduate ceiling during the 1979-81 triennium.

An important factor prompting the re-appraisal of this policy, initially by a committee of the Board, has been the introduction by the Australian Universities Commission of guide lines on costs per student. The University is reviewing its plans in the light of these guide lines.

The University Forum came into operation in 1973. Established by Council in September 1972 and guided by a steering committee chaired by Mr M. J. R. MacKellar, MP, a member of Council, the Forum differs from other university bodies in that it is deliberately freed of the necessity of determining day-to-day affairs. The range of its discussion concerns the type of university that may be expected, or be desirable to develop, over the next ten to twenty years.

During its first year the Forum experimented with means for stimulating such discussion. In July, an audience of staff and students attended a discussion on the question ‘Should the Australian National University develop as an elite institution?’, for which papers were prepared by a student and by two senior academic staff. In September, members of the University and one outside contributor presented papers to a Forum meeting on ‘The University and Government’, a response to the Prime Minister’s challenge to universities in his June address ‘Universities and Governments’. On both occasions members of the audience participated in discussion of the issues after the introductory papers had been read.

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U ndergraduate Education

U ndergraduate teaching within the University is confined to the faculties of the School of General Studies; some members of the Institute of Advanced Studies take part in this teaching and there was a noticeable increase in the num bers of those doing so in 1973.

O f a total undergraduate enrolm ent of 4,262 as a t 30 April, 3,977 students sat for University examinations later in the year. These figures represented increases respectively of 2 .6% and 2 .7 % over those for 1972.

The rate of growth of the undergraduate student body again slackened slightly, a phenomenon common to universities in m any parts of the world in the afterm ath of the very rapid growth experienced through the m id and late-1960s. U ndergraduate numbers in 1972 were 4 .4 % higher than those for 1971, which in tu rn were 6 .8 % in excess of those of the previous vear.

D uring the period of rapid growth in student num bers to the present, the rate of growth of num bers of full-time students has been consistently higher than for part-tim e students. Bearing in m ind the A ustralian N ational U niversity’s established role in providing opportunities for part-tim e students, the Council in 1973 asked to be informed should the proportion of part-tim e students fall below 35% of the total numbers. In 1973, 40 .3% of undergraduates were enrolled in part-tim e studies.

Student performanceO n the basis of raw statistics, student performance improved m arginally in 1973. Some 75% of undergraduates sitting for examinations passed all subjects, in comparison with 73% in 1972. O nly 5% failed all subjects, 1% fewer than in the year before.

Such figures provide at best a rough guide to student performance. In 1973 the University’s Statistical office introduced a more accurate means of assessment of undergraduate performance, applying the linked concepts of ‘equivalent full-time students’ (EFTS) and ‘equivalent examinable student units’ (EASU). It is assumed for this exercise that the work loads of part-tim e students are about half those of full-time students

O n this basis the Australian N ational University’s 3,203 'equivalent full-time students’ were eligible to earn a total of 3,221 ‘equivalent exam inable student units’ in 1973. They actually passed some 2,859.6 EASU, a pass rate of 88 .9% .

As in past years the proportion of part-tim e students who failed to sit for any exam ination— the ‘drop-out’ rate—was substantially higher than for full-time students. Some 81 full-time students, or 3 .2 % of the total, did not sit for any exam ination. By comparison, 226 part-tim e students, or 12.8% fell into this category, a slight increase on the 1972 figure. Recognising the additional pressures from family commit-

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ments and em ploym ent commonly experienced by part-tim e students, the University has appointed an adviser for part-tim e students who took up his appointm ent in 1973. It is hoped th a t this innovation and some others, including the scheduling of a greater proportion of formal classes to suit part-tim e students’ needs, will help reduce this loss of students.

Figures produced by the new EFTS/EA SU index, however, indicate tha t when account is taken of the num ber of students in each category who sit for examinations, disparities of performance between full-time and part-tim e students are very m uch less pronounced. Full-time students passed 89 .4% of available EASUs, and part-tim e students 86 .5% . T he difference was still less m arked in the case of new students, when full-time students passed 83 .6% and part-tim ers 82 .7% of available EASUs.

Experience of students, as measured by the EFTS/EA SU index, varied as between areas of course work, as ind ica ted :

Faculty or course area EFTS E A S U : passed as % of sat

Arts 1,175.0 90 .0Arts/Law 227.0 89.9Law 170.0 83.0Economics 467.0 84 .8Asian Studies 192.5 92.3Science 660.5 89.5Forestry 191.5 93.2Economics/Law 102.0 84.1Asian Studies/Law* — —Economics/Asian Studies* — —

* Student members in these cases are too small to give statistically valid results.

Further analysis of exam ination results under the EASU index by selected categories confirmed previous indications that female undergraduate students, on the average, recorded a better success rate in examinations than males (92.7% of females in comparison with 86 .6% of males). M arried students achieved a m arginally higher pass rate than unm arried students. U nderstandably, students granted early admission to the University on the basis of assessment performed significantly better, overall, than those adm itted on the basis of m atriculation results.

The EFTS/EA SU index revealed in addition a broad range of da ta relating to the home and study environments of students, of potential value for future educational planning. T he University will examine com parable figures for 1974 and subsequent years with interest.

The facultiesGrowth in student numbers, and thus in staff work load, was experienced generally by the faculties in 1973, though at a less pronounced rate than in the recent past. U ncertainty about the im pact in 1974 of the Australian G overnm ent’s measures to

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abolish tertiary tuition fees and to replace existing scholarship provisions w ith a Tertiary Assistance Scheme caused some difficulty for forward planning. W ith the approval of Council, the Faculty of Arts, which had been growing rapidly towards its eventual planned ceiling, was given approval to limit growth in 1974 to no m ore than 5% over its 1973 enrolm ent of 1,735.

The Faculty of Arts in 1973 did not undergo any significant organisational change. W ith the appointm ent of a Professor of Anthropology, plans were completed for the provision of undergraduate courses in anthropology within the D epartm ent of Prehistory and Anthropology. T h a t departm ent and the D epartm ents of Sociology and Linguistics extended their teaching as planned. O lder departm ents, such as Political Science, History and Geography, also offered new units and so offered a wider choice to students.

The European language departm ents of the faculty commenced a re-exam ination of their role in contem porary Australia, at a time when much of the traditional support for their subjects has weakened. They are working towards a conception of European studies which will be relevant to present-day Australia. This planning will continue in 1974.

Enrolments in the D epartm ent of Chinese of the Faculty of Asian Studies increased substantially; this increase may have been influenced by the Australian G overnm ent’s recognition of the People’s Republic of China.

A move towards closer co-operation was made by the D epartm ent of Indonesian Languages and Literatures and the South-East Asian section of the D epartm ent of Asian Civilizations. The departm ents now share a common honours com ponent for third-year students, making possible closer co-operation in the fourth honours year.

In 1973 the T hai G overnm ent agreed in principle to provide a lecturer in T hai a t the Australian National University, funded by a procedure known as ‘Colombo Plan aid in reverse’. I t is expected that this lecturer will jo in the University in 1974. The selection of an authority on the civilisations of T hailand for a new lectureship in the D epartm ent of Asian Civilizations further foreshadows a m ajor developm ent in the study of this region. The departure of a staff m em ber led to a reduction in the num ber of units offered by the D epartm ent of South Asian and Buddhist Studies: Pali and Prakrit are no longer available as single units.

The Faculty of Economics experienced a year of consolidation, ra ther than innovation. The Faculty Education Committee (which includes one m em ber of staff and one student from each departm ent) met frequently during the year and was concerned in particular, with a work load study concerning units offered by departm ents.

During the year the Faculty of Law experienced a num ber of problems relating to its size and staffing. A Committee on the Structure of Faculty G overnm ent, set up as a response to adm inistrative difficulties, reported to Faculty early in 1973. Subsequently a proposal to establish the office of Associate Dean was approved by Council.

The Faculty was able to accept only a relatively small proportion of those wishing to enter in 1973, as there are only some 150 places available for new students each year. Some students who had been aw arded Commonwealth Scholarships could not be offered a place.

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The resignations of six members of staff, two of whom left to take up chairs at the University of New South Wales, became effective during the year. Although appoint­ments were made to seven vacant posts in 1973, including two at professorial level, at the end of the year there were five vacant posts in the Faculty, including one chair. There were as well a large number of vacancies at many other Australian law schools. Both Monash and University of New South Wales law schools are expanding rapidly and a law school is to be established shortly by Macquarie University. The Faculty expressed concern, in 1973, that the opportunities for the promotion of academic staff and the levels at which appointments may be made do not match those available in other law schools and the Australian Public Service.

Despite these difficulties, the Faculty offered two new optional subjects in the course for the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1973: History of Law and Penology.

The Faculty of Science was active during the year in reassessing its organisation and courses. Under new arrangements to improve the quality of faculty government the administrative load was spread more widely between a Dean, Deputy Dean and two Sub-Deans. By overlapping their periods of office it is hoped to ease the administra­tive disruption experienced when the Dean and Sub-Dean leave office together. A Standing Committee of the Faculty was established to handle many routine matters, initiate investigations into faculty activities and permit more departments to be involved in administration.

The Course Review Committee actively considered ways by which to improve and reorganise the Bachelor of Science units better to serve the needs of undergraduate students, whether seeking a general science degree or specialist training. By providing a Faculty frame of reference within which departments can operate it is hoped to attain economy of teaching resources between and within departments. Particular attention was paid to the integration of closely related units, such as the variety of ecology units available within the Faculty, which together provide an excellent training for ecologists.

Academic calendarIn June the Board of the School of General Studies adopted a compromise academic calendar, to come into effect in 1975, to accommodate the teaching of both semester and year-long units in the University. One result of this decision was the re-examination of student assessment procedures being undertaken in the School late in the year.

Conflicts between the requirements of courses of studies organised by semesters and by full-year units, divided into three terms, have been common in Australian universities for several years. In 1973 this University observed a calendar catering primarily for full-year units but with a short break in the second term to mark the break between semesters. This break left scant time for marking semester examination papers.

The Board considered a proposal to introduce a basically semester-oriented calendar, featuring a long break at mid-year and one-week vacations in each study period at the end of the first and second terms. A working party appointed in 1972 suggested the eventual compromise academic year of 34 weeks. A first term of nine weeks will

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be followed by a term break of three weeks and a further four weeks’ teaching to the end of the first semester. After a fortnight’s vacation the University will resume for six weeks to the end of the second term. A further three-week break will intervene before the final, seven-week term. This formula, which the Board stressed was amenable to future adjustment, was adopted in June and subsequently approved by Council.

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University scholarshipsEach year the University provides scholarships to a limited number of outstanding undergraduate students. Scholarships are awarded in four categories: National Under­graduate Scholarships for outstanding students from all parts of Australia; Asian Studies Scholarships, to stimulate study of Asia; Final Year Scholarships; and Under­graduate Assistantships, awarded to outstanding students who participate in the University’s teaching program.

In 1973 it was proposed to the Board that all four categories should be amalgamated under the title ‘National Undergraduate Scholarships’. Consideration of this proposal was deferred to 1974.

The Board also reviewed the scholarships offered, in the light of the Tertiary Allowances Scheme to be introduced in 1974. A number of adjustments to the terms of the scholarships were approved. The cash value was increased from $250 to $450 per annum—perhaps even more significant were the other benefits offered. These include the cost of residential accommodation in term, up to 40 days’ accommodation in the first and second vacations or for periods approved by the Board’s Undergraduate Scholarships Committee; payment of joining and membership fees compulsory for the student body; and travel expenses for up to three return home visits within Australia.

In approving the Board’s recommendations, Council agreed also that scholars entitled to benefits under the Tertiary Allowances Scheme greater than those under the scholarship may accept the Government allowance without losing the status of a University scholar.

Staffing formulaeThe Australian Universities Commission in its fifth report, presented in May 1972, observed that the overall student/staff ratio in the School of General Studies was 10.9: 1, by contrast with the Australia-wide average ratio of 12.4: 1. The University has accepted the obligation to reduce the teaching and research cost per student, and to do this in part by increasing the ratio of students to teaching staff. During 1973 this commitment and its implications were major topics for consideration by the Board and by individual faculties. They were a main reason for the decision to review the eventual desirable size of the School. One faculty, the Faculty of Science, expressed the opinion that the most serious problem facing it was the extent to which it was possible to maintain viable departments (or other kinds of organisational unit) whilst maintaining a reasonable span and balance of scientific disciplines, in the light of the constraints likely to be placed on the Faculty in terms of limits on student numbers and available finance.

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Staffing formulae have been adopted in an effort to provide an acceptable and equitable basis for allocating new posts to departm ents, on the basis of the num ber of students enrolled in courses. Changes in the formula adopted in 1970 were considered, and in M arch 1973 the Deputy C hairm an of the Board of the School of G eneral Studies, Professor A. N. Ham bly, recommended a modification of the formula for non-science departm ents.

O pinion within the School about the effects of the new formula, and on staffing form ulae generally, has varied. Some larger departm ents have appreciated the opportunity provided by the new formula to take on additional part-tim e staff. O thers have criticised it on the grounds th a t part-tim e staff cannot provide the same degree of individual attention and availability to students as full-time staff. T he Board, in November, received a num ber of submissions on the issue. At the end of 1973 the m atter of staffing formulae, w ithin the context of the U niversity’s obligation to reduce costs per student, was an im portant topic of discussion. It is expected tha t discussion on this and related m atters will be a m ajor issue of University governm ent during 1974.

Student activitiesStudent activities, expressed chiefly through affiliated clubs of the Australian N ational University Students’ Association and the Sports U nion, were prom inent am ong the overall activities of the University in 1973. Perhaps the most significant development was the restructuring of the Association in an attem pt to ensure greater direct participa­tion by members. W hile the post of president was retained, the Students’ Representative Council, the Association’s executive, was abolished, its authority reverting to general meetings and to ad hoc, non-executive committees set up in these forums. Although a num ber of meetings lapsed for w ant of a quorum , the concept of direct participation appeared to be generally welcomed.

The Association’s educational activities concentrated on the Board’s proposal to introduce a semester-based academic calendar, which was rejected by a large majority of respondents to a questionnaire on the subject. Students’ representatives were assured tha t work load and assessment would be carefully scrutinised in relation to any changes in the calendar. O ther proposals to introduce four-year courses in accounting and geology also were criticised in submissions to the Education Com m ittee of Council.

Student clubs and societies increased by nine in 1973. Regional, overseas student groups were particularly active, several combining to present a highly successful O riental Arts Festival late in July. Through its C ultural Affairs Committee the Association again prom oted a num ber of concerts on campus, though w ith less financial success than in the past. O ne of the most active of the cultural clubs affiliated with the Committee, the Creative Arts G roup, co-operated closely with the University’s Creative Arts Fellows and also ran successful a rt and craft classes.

Radio A N U — a low-powered broadcasting station with a range restricted to the environs of the University—commenced broadcasting early in the year and firmly established itself as an im portant feature of campus life. ‘Inside O u t’, the Association’s program on local commercial radio, was broadcast fortnightly, presenting campus

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views and news to the C anberra community. Woroni, the Association’s newspaper, appeared weekly, though an experim ent with a full-time editor was less successful than hoped.

The Association’s role in providing welfare services for its members was assisted by a grant from the G overnm ent to the University, available to needy students in the form of grants or loans. The Loan Fund continued to operate, m ade more significant and helpful through a new arrangem ent with the Credit U nion; repayments of loans are sometimes deferred until after graduation. The work of the Legal Referral Service encouraged the A CT Law Society to establish a legal aid scheme; one unfortunate result of this was that the Referral Service came to be regarded as unnecessary and it ceased to operate.

The level of participation by the Association in the A ustralian U nion of Students was high. Three former students of the University edited National U and the Associa­tion’s president was elected as local executive member. A record num ber of A ustralian National University students travelled on the U nion’s charter flights and m any were members of its Friendly Society.

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Postgraduate Education

The Annual Report for 1972 made reference to the establishment of the Graduate Degrees Committee, designed to unify the administration and development of policies in the postgraduate field. The Committee acts as the agent of the Boards both of the Institute of Advanced Studies and School of General Studies in the administration of the Doctor of Philosophy degree rules, and in 1973 undertook their major revision. It also initiated an examination of the rules for the various degrees of master—at present administered through the faculties of the School of General Studies—and proposed the amalgamation of these into a single set of rules applicable throughout the University.

Late in the year, after careful examination, the Committee and the academic Boards recommended to Council that eligible full-time members of the academic staff of the Canberra College of Advanced Education be admitted to courses of study and research for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, under conditions determined in each case by the Committee. This recommendation resulted from a request from the Principal of the College and was accepted with the purpose of assisting a neighbouring tertiary institution. The University does not envisage any other extension of PhD candidature at this time.

In keeping with other universities, and possibly reflecting the recent difficulties experienced by some Doctors of Philosophy in finding employment, the number of PhD students continued to decline in 1973. Comparable figures at 30 April in the years 1971, 1972 and 1973 were 493, 463 and 451.

The most notable decline was in the Research School of Chemistry and the Depart­ment of Chemistry in the School of General Studies. The only research school to increase its number of PhD candidates in 1973 was the Research School of Biological Sciences.

The total ‘wastage’ rate remained at about 20% and, although some of those concerned subsequently take out master’s degrees, it is considered sufficiently high to require regular surveillance. Revisions of the degree rules will provide for twelve months’ enrolment as a research student before commitment to a specific degree and it is expected that this will have an appreciable effect on ‘wastage’.

By contrast with the experience in PhD studies, the numbers of master’s degree students in 1973 were on a rising trend. A recent feature of studies at this level has been the development of specialist degrees by course work.

In September the new degree of Master of Agricultural Development Economics was awarded for the first time to eight successful students. A one-year course, for which a preliminary year spent studying prerequisite subjects is a common requirement, the course was first offered in 1972. It is specifically designed for young administrators

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and research workers actively concerned with agricultural development in South-East Asia and the Pacific and caters also for Australians with a special interest in such work. The course is conducted chiefly by the Department of Economics, Research School of Pacific Studies, and departments of the Research School of Social Sciences.

During 1973 a Master of Science course in Forest Management was offered for the first time as steps were taken to initiate new master’s degree courses in Chinese, Applied Psychology, Administrative Studies and Political Science, all within the School of General Studies.

The Legal Workshop continued the success of its first year, 1972, with enrolments increasing from 26 to 30. This intensive half-year course is designed to bridge the gap between the completion of a Law degree and the commencement of practical legal work as a barrister or solicitor.

Of postgraduate students enrolled in 1973, 271 came from overseas, compared with 292 in 1972. The proportion of PhD students from overseas remained high (44% of the total).Graduate degrees conferred in the year 30 June 1973 were:Higher doctorate (none in 1972) 1PhD (127 in 1972) 146Master’s degree (54 in 1972) 46

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ResearchAs prescribed by the Australian jValional University Act 1946-73, the University is required, inter alia, ‘to encourage, and provide facilities for, postgraduate research and study, both generally and in relation to subjects of national im portance to A ustralia’. I t continues to concentrate strongly on research. Staff of the School of General Studies are encouraged to conduct their own research programs concurrently with the discharge of their teaching responsibilities, while the Institute of Advanced Studies, whose seven research schools annually incur slightly more than 50% of the U niversity’s recurrent expenditures, remains devoted exclusively to research and the allied training of postgraduate students.

The m ajor innovation affecting the organisation of research within the University during the year was the establishment on 1 Ju ly of the Research School of E arth Sciences under the directorship of Professor Hales. Based on the D epartm ent of Geo­physics and Geochemistry of the Research School of Physical Sciences, the new school is organised on a non-departm ental basis, its several research groups pursuing lines of investigation ranging from studies of the composition of the inner core of the Earth to analysis of lunar and other extraterrestrial m aterial.

A further step was the establishment of the Centre for Resource and Environm ental Studies, whose interests are described below.

It is not practicable in a Report of this nature to provide a complete account of the broad variety of research being undertaken within the University. W hat follows is an account of developments in research, and of related organisational changes and problems, experienced in 1973 by the individual research schools, faculties and centres.

Research School of Biological SciencesProfessor Sir Rutherford Robertson, GMG, FAA, FRS, commenced a six-year term as Director of the School on 1 January 1973, on the retirem ent of its foundation Director, Professor D. G. Catcheside, FAA, FRS. Professor Catcheside continued his own research as a Visiting Fellow in the D epartm ent of Genetics.

Three senior appointm ents were m ade during the year, although the posts will not be filled until 1974. D r R. F. M ark of the Physiology D epartm ent of M onash University was appointed to the foundation Ghair of Behavioural Biology and will develop a departm ent working on the total behaviour of animals in relation to their natural environm ent, bu t with initial emphasis on the role of memory in behaviour. Professor W. Hayes, FRS, previously Professor of M icrobial Genetics a t Edinburgh University, accepted appointm ent as H ead of the D epartm ent of Genetics, succeeding Professor J . Langridge who is to return to full-time work with the C SIR O .

A second chair was created in the D epartm ent of Developmental Biology to strengthen work on the ultrastructure of cells and D r B. E. G unning of Q ueen’s

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University, Belfast, was appointed to the post. D r G unning’s appointm ent is im portant not only for work in this departm ent bu t also for increasing the electron microscopy research potential of the School as a whole.

The School moved into the first stage of its new building a t the beginning of the year— the first time tha t all departm ents had been housed under the one roof. The advantages for collaborative work and co-operation were quickly apparent. Funds have been sought to perm it the erection of the second stage during the 1976-78 triennium.

The School does not attem pt to cover the whole field of biology bu t concentrates on m ajor areas requiring long-term study best conducted by teams of research staff. The D epartm ent of Population Biology, set up late in 1972, was firmly established during 1973, working on the structure, dynamics and evolution of A ustralian insect populations. Staff num bers grew and the departm ent accepted its first research students.

The Director established a small Bioenergetics U nit, concerned w ith energy liberation and the transport of ions across m em branes, an area to be developed by a new D epartm ent of M em brane Biology proposed for the 1976-78 triennium .

The longer-established departm ents continued to develop along the lines m apped out in previous years; the D epartm ent of Developm ental Biology, however, turned to concentrating m uch of its attention on the role of the pigm ent phytochrom e which controls m any aspects of p lan t development. In the same departm ent, progress was m ade towards developing a technique for synthesising proteins, using messenger RNA. T he technique will be useful for a wide range of protein studies and is expected to a ttrac t great interest when it is published.

D uring 1973, members of the D epartm ent of Genetics, working with hapliod plant cells, were able to transfer genetic inform ation between plants to modify the plant structure, suggesting possibilities of ‘genetic engineering’ to breed new p lan t species, specifically nitrogen-fixing plants which could be im portant for agriculture.

The Am erican research vessel Alpha Helix came to A ustralia during the year and several members of the School took part in its research activities. Two mem bers of the D epartm ent of Environm ental Biology were part of an Australian team funded by the D epartm ent of Science to investigate the role of photorespiration in the m arine environm ent; a m em ber of the D epartm ent of Neurobiology took part in a separate project on the Alpha Helix, concerned with the neurobiology of tropical fish.

Research School of ChemistryThe period was m arked by consolidation and progress in established areas, ra ther than the developm ent of new ones. The integrated, non-departm ental organisation of the School continued to prove its value in integrating research and in facilitating support for promising developments.

The scientific work of the School continues to be in areas which are regarded as relevant, in a broad sense, to the Australian situation. Some of it, notably in theoretical and physical areas, is fundam ental to the whole subject, and the projects are undertaken

15

here either because they are not adequately covered elsewhere, or because outstanding people w ith the appropriate interests are available.

The physical-theoretical work is concerned w ith the general aspects of the interaction of radiations of various types with molecules, and with interm olecular forces. Attem pts to use computers to predict properties of certain types of molecules (alcohols, amines, etc) w ithin the limits of experim ental determ inations are showing very favourable results. The definition and role of simple chemical concepts w ithin rigorous theory has been leading to a better understanding of the validity of such concepts. Spectroscopy in the solid state has been used to study molecules which are in fixed positions relative to other molecules.

There is little excuse needed in A ustralia for inorganic, including organometallic, research, in view of the potential m ineral, natural gas and oil situation. It involves fundam ental aspects of organotransition m etal chemistry, especially the preparations and catalytic properties of complexes with olefinic, acetylenic and phosphine ligands. Characterisation and use of reactive centres has led to further understanding of reactions not only a t the m etal, bu t the co-ordinated organic ligand. Such inform ation is related to some biochemical mechanisms, and has led to novel and fast mechanisms for peptide synthesis and degradations in which the m etal acts both as protecting group and activating group.

An inorganic area of more applied interest is the m etal extraction and refining venture of D r A. J . Parker. This is an example of the School’s determ ination to preserve an atmosphere where fundam ental research is seen as its prim e purpose, bu t nevertheless to choose problems bearing on the environment. The work grew out of the physical- organic group’s interest in the solvation of m etal ions. The idea is very simple, to utilise reversible solvation in order to dissolve metal ions which are norm ally insoluble in water, and then by removal of the agent to recover the m etal directly (as in the case of copper) or indirectly. Patents are held by this University in 27 countries, and it has set up a company, A N U M IN , to encourage exploitation outside the School now that the fundam ental work has been done.

In organic chemistry a clear connection with Australian problems can be realised. The work is basic and fundam ental, connected with structure-determ inations, synthesis preferably by new methods, and mechanisms, bu t the problems actually attacked have some recognisable local applications. This applies, for example, to biologically active compounds varying from new synthesis of prostaglandins, to the isolation and exam ina­tion of antagonists to the im portant p lan t pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. The con­stitution of the resin of ‘grass-trees’ (Xanthorrhoea) has been examined in some detail, and while scientifically interesting is so complex tha t industrial use seems unlikely. Instrum entation in the area to perm it exam ination of m inute quantities, for example of insect pheromones, is being built up, and some problems examined.

D uring the year the School was the focal point of the N inth Australian Spectroscopy Conference. M embers of the School were engaged in research and related activities beyond the University, w ithin A ustralia and abroad. Professor D. P. Craig, FAA, FRS, who was aw arded the H. G. Smith M edal of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute,

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spent a short time as Visiting Professor a t University College, London, and gave the F irth Lectures at the University of Sheffield. Professor A. J . Birch, FAA, FRS, was invited by the Nobel Foundation to participate in a conference in Stockholm. Professor R. L. M artin , FAA, was elected an Associate M em ber of the commission on atomic weights of the In ternational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. D r D. A. Buckingham was Visiting Professor a t Stanford University for eight months. M any members of the School delivered lectures to conferences and at several Australian universities. School members in the course of the year published eighty papers and one book.

Distinguished short-term visitors who participated in the School’s lecture seminar program included Professors L. Pauling and H. T aube (Stanford), Y. M arcus (Hebrew University of Jerusalem ), P. Yates (Toronto), J . B. Birks (M anchester), Lord Todd (Cambridge) and D r D. Davies (M anager, Research and Development, Im perial Chemical Industries, London).

Research School of Earth SciencesThe School formally came into existence on 1 July, w ith the separation of its core, the former D epartm ent of Geophysics and Geochemistry, from the Research School of Physical Sciences. The School’s first six months were active, a variety of research programs being pursued within a non-departm ental format. In addition, members of the School were heavily involved in collaborative program s with external bodies.

The School’s m ajor research programs in 1973 included studies related to the petrology and geochemistry of rocks and the processes of form ation of different types of igneous rock, and em bracing the exam ination both of naturally occurring rocks and of synthetic minerals produced in the laboratory under conditions of high pressure and tem perature similar to those existing at depths of up to several hundred kilometres within the Earth.

An im portant development during the year was the application of new methods of analysis, perm itting accurate determ ination from m uch smaller samples than was possible previously, of the age of Australian, A ntarctic and Ind ian rocks using the rubidium -strontium , uranium -lead, and thorium -lead decay schemes.

The seismicity of south-eastern Australia has been studied, using a radio telemetry array, and seismic observations of earthquakes have provided information on the structure and physical properties of the interior of the Earth.

Ehe John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe year was m arked by the resignation in M ay of the Director of the School, Professor Fenner, and by establishment of the D epartm ent of Pharmacology. Professor D. R. Curtis, FAA, FRS, was appointed foundation Professor and Head of the new departm ent. The Chair of H um an Biology was not filled and further consideration was deferred pending the appointm ent of a new Director. Space was provided for some new activities by the departure of the D epartm ent of Genetics for its perm anent home in the Research School of Biological Sciences’ new building, and by the contraction of the D epartm ent

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of Medical Chemistry following the retirement of Professor A. Albert, FAA, to a Medical Chemistry Group.

A significant change in the academic government of the School was made with the election by the Faculty of the chairman of Faculty, an office previously held by the Director ex officio. The chairman attends meetings of the Faculty Board by invitation.

The rebuilding and reorganisation of laboratories resulting from the creation of new departments put substantial strain on funds and on the School’s workshop. Conversion and refurbishing of laboratories did not, therefore, proceed as quickly as hoped, although each of the new departments was able to expand its activities to some extent.

Fairly satisfactory progress was made with the construction of a building for the Department of Human Biology, though building operations resulted in disruption of the animal breeding program and considerable inconvenience to some animal users. Problems encountered in the construction of a specific-pathogen-free animal house were overcome later in the year but put great strain on operations of the Animal Breeding Establishment which nevertheless provided an excellent service. The electron microscope facility, a part of the Department of Experimental Pathology, was upgraded and a start was made on the remodelling of the School’s photographic section.

The research work of the School during the year continued to cover a wide range of activities in medical research relevant to understanding the origins, development and therapy of many human diseases and disorders. Studies at all levels of biomedical investigation from the interaction of molecules to the behaviour of populations were undertaken. With the establishment of the Departments of Immunology, Human Biology, and, in 1973, Pharmacology, new fields of medical research important to the health of man were initiated.

The Department of Biochemistry, whose work is mainly directed to an understanding of the basic chemical processes common to all living cells, devoted much of its effort to studies of the membranes in cells essential for maintaining the constant environment within the cell and within which the processes of respiration take place. Specific projects included investigation of respiration in cells, the formation of ubiquinone—an essential component of those cell membranes which play a vital role in respiration— the mechanisms of action of enzymes in the control of metabolism, the process of transport of compounds into and out of the cell and skin pigmentation in man.

The Department of Clinical Science is mainly oriented towards problems concerned with coronary heart disease. Specific projects in 1973 included dietary studies; investigation of the effects of drugs that lower blood cholesterol and other fats; the causes and management of obesity; the relationship between high blood fat levels and mechanisms leading to thromboses; the interrelationship of diabetes, disturbed handling of sugars and abnormal fat metabolism; and the effects of altering the diets of mothers and babies on the composition of human milk and on cholesterol metabolism in the infant.

The Department of Experimental Pathology is concerned with the mechanisms involved in the origin and development of several disease processes and their therapy.

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In 1973 it studied the effects of many types of injury and inflammation and of arterial tissue grafting, cholesterol metabolism in relation to atherosclerosis and liver tumours and the effects of hormones on foetal development.

The Department of Human Biology continued its studies of interactions between biological and cultural processes. A major field study in Hong Kong was commenced with the assistance of the University of Hong Kong. Work in human genetics involved extensive field surveys in parts of Asia and the Pacific and the department was concerned closely with Aboriginal health matters.

The main lines of research conducted within the Department of Immunology concern biological mechanisms of discrimination between normal ‘self’ components and foreign materials, including transplanted organs. Research was undertaken at two levels of complexity: physiological studies of immune reactions in the whole animal, and analytical studies in tissue cultures designed to elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying immune reactions. Specifically, the department investigated foetal immunology, the control of antibody formation, tumour immunology and transplantation biology. In the latter case, it made important findings which may have considerable impact on the clinical strategy used to by-pass the transplantation barrier.

The Medical Chemistry Group, through its fundamental work in chemistry, has raised the possibility of a new method of controlling some influenza viruses and, by deriving a strong enhancing agent for phleomycin, indicated a new, rational approach to the problem of kidney infection.

The Department of Microbiology has two main fields of interest, respectively the properties of viruses and the way the body reacts to foreign substances, which may be simple, such as proteins, or more complicated, such as viruses or bacteria. Of many viruses under study in 1973, two which infect humans are influenza and an arbovirus, the Ross River virus. The former causes world-wide outbreaks at regular intervals, and the latter, local outbreaks of epidemic polyarthritis in parts of Australia. A number of other viruses are used in animal systems which determine the type of immune response responsible for the recovery of mice from infection. This recovery is due to a class of lymphocyte and these and other studies have yielded important new information about their properties.

Within the new Department of Pharmacology research primarily concerned the identification of inhibitory synaptic transmitter substances in the central nervous system, a knowledge of the nature of which is essential to an understanding of how the brain functions and is affected by drugs, and to the development of specific therapeutic measures for certain neurological and psychiatric disorders. Work during the year developed to include excitatory transmitter substances.

Work by the Department of Physical Biochemistry, frequently requiring the development of new experimental procedures and the application of mathematics in formulating new theories, involved the investigation of physical and chemical properties of biological materials and the elucidation of systems and processes of biochemical and medical interest.

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The m ain work of the D epartm ent of Physiology was directed towards an under­standing of the optical and nervous mechanics, both in the eye and the brain. The research has an im portant bearing on the practice of opthalmology, particularly in relation to the growth and development of the visual system in early infancy and to the problem of strabismus or squint. A new development in 1973 was the study of com parative aspects of vision involving particularly a study of Australian marsupials and placental mammals. Another m ajor line of research concerns the physical properties of muscle; this work is expected to help throw light on various kinds of hum an m uscular dystrophies.

Research School of Pacific StudiesN otable political changes within the region of concern to the Research School of Pacific Studies inevitably were reflected in its work during 1973. The American agreem ent w ith N orth V ietnam to w ithdraw forces from V ietnam had relevance to the study of international relations and of strategic and defence matters. The appoint­m ent of D r S. A. FitzGerald, a Fellow of the D epartm ent of Far Eastern History, as the first Australian Ambassador to the People’s Republic of China m arked a significant change in the two nations’ relations: later in the year two parties of scholars visited China under the School’s auspices, the first led by Miss A. Donnithorne, H ead of the C ontem porary China Centre, and the second by the Director. New Government policies towards Australian Aborigines, the establishment of self-government in Papua New G uinea, and a change in A ustralia’s relationships with its neighbours, as illustrated by the Prime M inister’s visits to Indonesia, Malaysia, India, the Pacific Forum , Jap an and China, all were indications tha t much of the School’s work had entered a new era.

A feature of this work was the close interaction in the study of the natural and cultural history of Australasia and the South-W est Pacific; this was evident especially in the D epartm ents of Biogeography and Geomorphology, Prehistory, Linguistics, H um an Geography, Anthropology, and Pacific and South-East Asian History. A decision was taken in 1973 to create in 1974 a new D epartm ent of Political and Social Change, comprising political scientists and sociologists concerned with developments in the countries of the region and able to stimulate a similar close collaboration between other departm ents of the School.

Three im portan t appointm ents were m ade during the year: Professor R. M. Keesing of the University of California, Santa Cruz, accepted a second chair in Anthropology; Professor E. S. Crawcour, Professor of Japanese in the Faculty of Asian Studies, was appointed Professorial Fellow in Far Eastern H istory; and D r T . G. M cGee, Professor of Geography at the University of H ong Kong, accepted a Senior Fellowship in H um an Geography.

Several conferences m ounted from within the School reflected its research interests. Special significance was attached to one organised in O ctober by the D epartm ent of Anthropology, on ‘Ecology, Process and Spatial O rganisation in Aboriginal Australia’, not only because of the contributions of several participants bu t for its demonstration of the m ajor concern of the revivified departm ent with an issue of

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outstanding national importance. The newly renamed Department of Pacific and South-East Asian History conducted three conferences, respectively on the concept of the state in South-East Asia, the Indonesian Revolution and on Pacific Islands history, with particular reference to its teaching in Australian universities. There were two conferences on China—on that country’s modern historiography and on ‘China, 1973’.

The ‘area studies’ pursued by the School embraced a broad range of scholarship. The Department of Prehistory, in pursuing its primary concern with prehistoric human populations in Australia and Papua New Guinea, and particularly factors influencing long-term stability and change in human adaptation, concentrated on a number of major problems. These included studies of late prehistoric agricultural development in the New Guinea Highlands and of coastal trade and exchange systems in south-eastern Papua which cast new light on the relationship between population growth and increased complexity in social and economic systems. Particularly significant results were achieved from studies of the prehistoric biological evolution of hunting populations in northern Victoria, with particular emphasis on a unique collection of skeletal material from the terminal Pleistocene period. Other field studies were conducted in south-eastern New South Wales, northern Tasmania, Arnhem Land and parts of Queensland and South Australia.

For the Department of Anthropology, which in March dropped the words ‘and Sociology’ from its title, 1973 was primarily a year of reorganisation and preparation for a more active future. At its outset the department’s staff had fallen to only 40% of its approved establishment. The appointment of a second Professor, to take up his position in 1974, two Senior Research Fellows and a Fellow helped retrieve this position. Despite its change of name, the department remained concerned with issues of current sociological interest, its concerns embracing human behaviour and its relation to social and cultural organisation, traditional and changing, in Aboriginal Australia, the Pacific and South-East Asia. Although work by departmental staff and many Postdoctoral and Visiting Fellows was conducted as far afield as Sri Lanka, most programs of research concerned aspects of Aboriginal society. One important step was the appointment of a Senior Research Fellow, to undertake a study of ‘the whole range of contemporary Aboriginal thought’ and ‘to assess its influence on Australian society generally’.

The Department of Biogeography and Geomorphology, directed its main efforts to the consolidation of projects already begun and the continuation of long-term programs. Such projects included studies of the vegetation history of New Guinea and Australia during the past 100,000 years, the period during which the pattern of modern vegetation was developed; of pollen morphology, pollen transport and analytical methods; the history and present status of alien plants in Australia; the ecology of plants with special geographical distributions; the history of the development of Australian landforms during the past 100,000 years and of changes in land and sea levels; currently active processes of sea beach formation and erosion; and of limestone weathering.

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The Department of Economics conducted a number of continuing projects during the year, including the ‘Indonesia Project’ and a program of continuous study of the economic development of Papua New Guinea. Major studies in this category included cash cropping, nucleus estates, the Bougainville copper project, macroeconomic pro­jections and inter-industry analysis. A major study of the economy of China, begun in 1969, was continued. Pending a planned general survey of the economy of the Pacific Islands, special studies of the economy of Fiji, village economy in Samoa, the development of Nauru and rural credit for Fijian sugar farmers were conducted.

Members of the Department of Far Eastern History continued with a number of studies covering a wide historical and geographic distribution. Several dealt with China in the twentieth century, with special attention to political and intellectual developments; the country’s traditional science and technology; the ‘Yuan bio­graphical project’; and the ‘G. E. Morrison project’, dealing with the Australian journalist who recorded events in early republican China; and a study of China’s foreign policies, with special reference to the overseas Chinese in South-East Asia. Another major project dealt with Japanese politics during the Meiji era.

The Department of Human Geography concentrated on the spatial consequences of modernisation in various parts of South-East Asia and the Pacific. Research in 1973 included work on the spread of cash cropping, internal migration and urbanisation. Within Australia members studied the location of urban and industrial activities and the role of transport in development.

Work done by the Department of International Relations during the year fell into three chief areas. Theoretical study of international politics on a world scale included investigations of the general conditions of world order, the politics of international economic relations, and the idea of political economy and social justice in world politics and the making of foreign policy. Research in the international politics of the Asian and Pacific regions included studies of Soviet foreign and defence policies, Chinese and Japanese foreign policies and implications of the new balance of power in the Pacific region. The third main area, study of Australian foreign policy, included work on foreign economic policy, the implications of resources questions and defence policy.

The Department of Linguistics continued with a number of long-term projects. In particular it has specialised in the languages of Australia and of New Guinea. The Papuan project has resulted over fifteen years in establishing the existence of more than 700 distinct languages in the New Guinea area.

In 1973 the established Department of Pacific History was renamed the Department of Pacific and South-East Asian History, a change which reflected concurrent expansion of its interest. Research in the Pacific continued on a broad front, being marked by the publication of two new books. On the South-East Asian side, research was con­centrated on two main areas: the Indonesian Revolution of 1945-50 and detailed examination of social and political conditions in some of Indonesia’s diverse regional societies before and during the transition to colonial rule. Books on the revolution were prepared by a Fellow and a Visiting Fellow of the department. In addition to

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conducting specialist studies of regions of Sum atra in particular, the departm ent held a colloquium in April on the nature of the pre-colonial state in Island South-East Asia.

M em bers of the New Guinea Research U nit were engaged in 1973 in a num ber of individual studies relating to their principal research themes, most touching on the processes of economic and social change within Papua New Guinea. These included studies of bank lending to indigenous borrowers and of local governm ent involvement in business; of national economic development policies and of the policies of the new G overnm ent; of the recent prehistory of land use in and around the swamps of the upper W ahgi V alley; on m otivation for cash cropping; the social position and function of interpreters; of the commercialisation of sweet potato and tobacco production in the Goroka area; of socio-economic change in Central Bougainville; and of nucleus estates.

T he long-term future of the un it was considered during this year by the Advisory Com m ittee (of the unit), the Faculty Board of the Research School of Pacific Studies and the Council. I t was recognised that in view of Papua New G uinea’s advance towards independence it m ight no longer be appropriate th a t its m ajor socio-economic research organisation should be a unit of a university of a foreign country. T he Vice- Chancellor and the Director of the Research School of Pacific Studies discussed this m atte r with the Chief M inister, M r M. Somare, during 1973 and further discussions w ith the Papua New Guinea Governm ent will be taking place. The hope was expressed that the School would continue to be able to conduct research in Papua New G uinea.

An innovation within the School in 1973 was the establishment of the D irector’s Section, which specialises in m odern Indian history. In conjunction with work elsewhere in the School and the University, this is throwing new light to the revolutionary experiences in the twentieth century of A ustralia’s m ajor neighbours, India, China and Indonesia, and thus offering a basis for interpreting their present policies.

Research School of Physical SciencesFor the Research School of Physical Sciences, 1973 was a year of change. Professor Sir Ernest T itterton retired from the headship after seven years’ service as D ean and Director. The departure of the D epartm ent of Geophysics and Geochemistry to form the nucleus of the Research School of Earth Sciences led to changes in the School’s adm inistration and services. In Ju ly the University established an O bservatory Services U nit as the technical support for the M t Stromlo-Siding Spring Observatory. Non- academ ic staff of the D epartm ent of Astronomy were transferred to the unit.

T he most notable event of the year was the opening of the new Nuclear S tructure facility by the Prime M inister, the Hon. E. G. W hitlam , Q C , M P, on 1 September. Constructed w ith the aid of a $2 .2 million grant from the Australian Governm ent, it contains a ‘Cyclograaff’ system, created by adding a cyclotron injector to the ten years old EN tandem accelerator, and a new 14UD Pelletron accelerator of most advanced design, which for a time will be the w orld’s foremost accelerator in producing heavy ion beams of both high resolution and energy.

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Despite the major accelerator development work, research by the Department of Nuclear Physics suffered no significant interruption. Work continued on radiative capture and on the structure of light nuclei. Research in the heavy ion field was expanded and included investigation of neutron transfer reactions to N-28 nuclei and of quasi-molecular states in 28Si. An adequate explanation of this type of state remains a challenge to theory. Further expansion of the heavy ion experiments will be possible when the Pelletron accelerator comes into routine operation. There are many interesting and open questions to be studied and the expanded nuclear facilities will enable the University to welcome a greater number of research workers from other universities and centres.

The Department of Astronomy, working from the Mt Stromlo-Siding Spring Observatory, the largest southern hemisphere astronomical research centre, has under­standably become the authority in studies of the Magellanic Clouds—two galaxies nearest our own, observable only from this hemisphere. This position was reinforced in 1973 by the discovery by Dr D. S. Mathewson, working with the CSIRO’s smaller radio telescope at Parkes, of the ‘Magellanic Stream’, a huge arc of streaming, high- velocity neutral hydrogen that probably connects the Magellanic Clouds and the Galaxy. This stream may have been produced by gravitational interaction between one of the Magellanic Clouds and our galaxy during a close passage some 500 million years ago, and opens the exciting possibility that gas from the two galaxies has mixed to form recent generations of stars. This is only one of the many possibilities now available to explain some remaining mysteries of stellar and galactic evolution.

Detailed studies of individual stars in the Magellanic Clouds and in this galaxy, the detection of several possible ‘black holes’ in our galaxy, and the determination of the ages, luminosities, masses and chemical compositions of hundreds of stars were additional contributions this year to the department’s continuing attempts to under­stand the age and evolution of the universe. As in previous years the observatory was used extensively by astronomers from the universities of Sydney and Melbourne and from CSIRO as well as from American and British observatories. Accommodating visitors, however, was more difficult than usual because of the decommissioning of the century-old 50-inch reflector. The proposal to replace this instrument with a 60-inch photometry telescope was still under consideration by the Government at the year’s end.

The Department of Applied Mathematics continued its research in borderline fields where physics, biology, mathematics and chemistry merge—areas virtually unexplored elsewhere. Its work in mathematical vision research and optical communi­cations, in which it has founded the field of modern receptor optics, is central to development of communications technologies and receives substantial support from the Australian Post Office. The department’s other area of specialty, colloid and interface science, has implications for most industrial processes, nearly all of which involve at some stage materials of colloidal dimensions.

Expansion of the academic staff of the Department of Engineering Physics in 1973 permitted more effective use of the experimental resources built up in recent years, based largely on the Homopolar Generator facility. Developments in the plasma,

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laser and m acroparticle accelerator experiments m ade the significance of these studies for controlled therm onuclear fusion more apparent. Two new areas of emphasis were introduced. Taking advantage of existing experience in the departm ent, a group was formed to study problems of solar energy conversion and, following successful dem on­stration of an interactive digital com puting system, work commenced in employing this system in computer-assisted teaching and learning.

For the D epartm ent of M athem atics, the most significant event of the year was the Second International Conference on the Theory of Groups, held at the University in August, and attracting many overseas visitors, including three from the Soviet Union.

The D epartm ent of Solid State Physics m ade significant progress in the under­standing of the optical properties of minerals and gemstones w ithin its overall program of optical and magneto-optical investigations. In particular, the m ain features of the spectra of olivine (peridot) and garnets were satisfactorily explained.

The D epartm ent of Theoretical Physics continued to work on aspects of nuclear physics, statistical mechanics, high energy physics and solid state physics. Increasing research activity included the first successful theoretical calculation of the ‘Gabbibo angle’, which governs the strangeness changing decays of ‘elem entary’ particles.

Co-operation between the Electron and Ion Diffusion U nit, the Diffusion Research U nit and the D epartm ent of Theoretical Physics on theoretical aspects of ion mobility measurements produced im portant advances. These included the developm ent of a sound theory relating ion mobilities to interaction potentials, leading to a better understanding of the limitations of current ion mobility measurements and their analysis, and to the adoption of a new program to remove these limitations.

Research School of Social SciencesProfessor Borrie’s term as Director ended in August, and, pending a new appointm ent. Professor G. Sawer, FASSA, head of the D epartm ent of Law, was appointed Acting Director. The organisation of the School rem ained unchanged: a proposal that an additional centre be created by removing from the D epartm ent of Political Science its workers in the field of world politics was rejected by Faculty, which adhered to the general principle of its submissions for the next triennium that the School should not readily add to the present num ber of units—nine departm ents, three interdisciplinary units and two specialist sections.

Academic staff totalled 90. In view of the limit of about 120 academ ic staff envisaged for the School, a strategy for ensuring flexible deploym ent of resources was adopted. Faculty resolved to establish at once a School Project Fund to finance short-term appointm ents to specific research projects with a relatively short life, prom oted either by individuals or groups in existing departm ents and units. This program , for which perm anent funding will be sought in the next triennium , encourages more junior members of staff to plan research projects arising from, but slightly outside, the general program of their departm ent or unit. By December 1973 five applications had been approved and funded pursuant to this program , including projects in Australian government, criminology, oral history, philosophy and education.

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The D epartm ent of D em ography consolidated its work on the M elbourne survey of 2,500 families. Staff and students worked on changes in family patterns in Indonesia, M alaysia and the Philippines. O n the m igration side, work continued on selected groups of settlers as well as general demographic consequences of postwar im m igration.

Research by the D epartm ent of Economics continued in the three broad fields of its traditional interest: economic statistics, applied economics and economic theory. C ontinuing projects included theoretical analysis of economic growth, investigation of short-term fluctuations in the Australian economy, studies of em ployment and the growth of the work force, and the structure of the national accounts. R ecruitm ent of new staff perm itted a revival of work on aspects of international m onetary economics, including m onetary reform and the effects of exchange rate variations. The strengthening of domestic inflation and the possible role of prices and incomes policies engaged the attention of a num ber of members of staff.

M embers of the D epartm ent of Economic History concentrated on Australian economic development since 1890 and on com parative studies, including study of im m igration and tariff policy, economic thought, port operation and redevelopment, and the career performance of professions.

Emphasis within the D epartm ent of History continued to be on Australian social, political and intellectual history, with related studies of the history of Britain in the nineteenth and tw entieth centuries. Professor O. M acDonagh, FASSA, arrived in Septem ber to fill the departm ent’s second chair.

Development of the D epartm ent of Law was disrupted by causes beyond its control. W ork in relation to the departm ent’s five established fields continued, however, though with changes in emphasis. In constitutional law, especial attention was paid to implications of present trends in Australian Governm ent policy, particularly in relation to Privy Council appeals and federal financial relations.

The philosophy of the social sciences rem ained one of the main foci of the D epart­m ent of Philosophy in 1973. Studies of m oral and philosophical problems arising from environm ental interests led to the completion of two books in this field, which now promises to become im portant am ong departm ental interests. W ork in m eta­physics, logic and formal semantics resulted in the publication of a text for high school and first-year university classes, am ong other publications.

A part from a broad range of m onographic work completed during the year, research within the D epartm ent of Political Science continued on such m atters as the origins of the A ustralian party system, political aspects of Australian trade unionism, Papua New G uinea’s transition to self-government, various aspects of Soviet politics and the politics of the European Community. New lines of work begun or planned covered a similarly broad spectrum and included such current concerns as implications of the Soviet-American agreements of 1972 for Europe and for the Sino-Soviet conflict.

The m ain development in research for the D epartm ent of Sociology was the launching of a national survey of occupational change over three generations, partly funded by a grant from the R ural Credits Development Fund. Covering all areas of Australia except the N orthern Territory, and one of the largest surveys ever con-

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ducted in Australia, this project links with studies either conducted or planned in several other countries.

Research by staff and students of the Department of Statistics continued along lines of previous years. Work was done on probability theory, on inference in multiple time-series (with particular reference to econometric and oceanographic problems), on joint processes, problems in statistical inference and on geometric probability problems with especial reference to problems in metallurgy, theory of liquids and palaeomagnetism. Papers were written on Down’s disease (mongolism) and the distribution of psychiatric disorders in families.

The Australian Dictionary of Biography unit brought Volume 5 (K to Q , 1851-90) of the dictionary to the final stages of galley-proof reading. One further volume will complete the 1851-90 period. The work of the unit is geared to the publication of a series of twelve books covering, in effect, the history of Australia from 1788 to 1939 by biographical studies of men and women who achieved prominence in some walk of life. In addition to work on Volume 5, some research, sub-editing and editing for Volume 6 was conducted and listing and reviewing of proposed entries in subsequent volumes continued.

The major interdisciplinary research involving members of the Education Research Unit was a study of the role of regional colleges of advanced education, expected to continue through much of 1974. The resultant report will contain a good deal of factual information, an evaluation of the colleges’ educational and social role and suggestions for future policy. Other studies of higher education, including surveys of overseas students in Australia and of resources allocation, and a study of professional socialisation of students, neared completion in 1973. During the year growing emphasis was placed on secondary education. A study of adolescent needs and the structure of secondary education was completed.

Members of the History of Ideas Unit continued to focus on transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary research into complex ideas about man and society, primarily during the past three centuries. The unit was strengthened by the appointment of a second Professorial Fellow, a philosopher and historian of the social sciences. Its work benefited also from the contributions of many visitors from Australia and abroad.

The common theme of the interdisciplinary research of the Urban Research Unit is the study of the processes of urban growth, with particular emphasis on Sydney and Melbourne. Two unit monographs on Sydney, the last of a series of eight dealing with aspects of development and redevelopment, were published during the year. A similar study of Melbourne, sponsored by the Australian Institute of Urban Studies was completed in February. A start on the expansion of the work on Sydney and Melbourne was made. Two papers were commissioned and published by the National Population Inquiry. A major new area of attention, to be followed up in 1974, is an examination of the equity aspects of metropolitan growth.

School of General StudiesResearch activity, complementing and usually closely related to teaching responsibilities, is a regular part of the scholarly program of most academic staff of the School of

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General Studies. O pportunity and scope for research varies from departm ent to departm ent, partially in consequence of varying levels of teaching responsibilities. In some departm ents, especially in the Faculty of Science, staff members are able to be assisted by graduate students.

The fourteen departm ents of the Faculty of Arts cover a wide range of the humanities and social sciences and their research activities are similarly diverse. A trend towards increasing interest in A ustralian subjects continued in relevant departm ents, especially Geography, History, Prehistory and Anthropology, Linguistics, Political Science and Sociology. M embers of the D epartm ent of English, in addition to pursuing studies in A ustralian literature and language, continued with an established specialty, the litera­ture of the eighteenth century, and conducted the th ird David Nicol Smith M em orial Sem inar on this subject.

Research undertaken by both staff members and graduate students of the Faculty of Asian Studies covered a broad range of topics and m any periods. Im portan t work in the D epartm ent of Asian Civilizations, on m aterial excavated by the Thai-British Archaeological Expeditions, added a new dimension to the teaching of the prehistory of m ainland South-East Asia, and further research is providing a deeper insight into the civilisations of these regions. W ithin the D epartm ent of Chinese, research continued on studies directed to the w riting of a comprehensive bibliography of the great Taoist Tripitaka, and to the completion of a new book on m odern China. T he D epartm ent of Indonesian Languages and Literatures pursued a variety of historical and other studies while the m ain line of research within the D epartm ent of South Asian and Buddhist Studies concerned Buddhist Sanskrit texts, with special reference to their Chinese and T ibetan translations.

A research program of a different nature, the English-M alay D ictionary Project, encountered a worsening of the staffing problems which had beset it for the past three years. W ith the return to M alaysia in Ju ly of the chief lexicographical assistant, the staff was reduced to one M alay-speaking and three English-speaking assistants, instead of the notional staff of four English and four Malay-speakers. I t seemed im probable, at the close of 1973, tha t the project—-the preparation of the first full-length English- M alay dictionary— could be concluded by the target date of the end of 1975.

M embers of the Faculty of Economics were engaged, during the year, in research covering a wide area from pure probability theory at one extreme to applied economic analysis at the other.

Research interests w ithin the Faculty of Law were extended to legal aspects of the European Economic Community, social welfare law, international shipping legislation and penology.

All departm ents of the Faculty of Science m aintained active research programs in 1973. Individual lines of investigation included:

Biochemistry

Detailed investigations of norm al and tum our cells revealed a biochemical mechanism which appears to determ ine when the process of the synthesis of proteins—the basic

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substances from which our bodies are made—begins and ends. Such basic knowledge has important applications in many fields, but especially in medicine.

Botany

The distribution and growth of plants of many different species in Australia is affected by frost. Using special growth chambers designed to enable plants to be subjected to different degrees of frosting, the department has determined the means whereby some species of Eucalvpts are able to withstand frost.

Chemistry

New methods have been developed to break down and study the chemistry of animal fibres, including wool and human hair. This fundamental research has considerable industrial potential, opening up, for example, the possibility of introducing new methods for imparting desirable properties, such as shrink-resistance, to wool.

Forestry

A series of control forest plots were burnt to different degrees and detailed records made of consequent changes in the flora and fauna, the impact on forest production, nutrient circulation and watershed values, to provide more rational bases for managing fire to give a better environment.

Geology

Using electron microscopy, the department studied ways in which minerals change progressively, to provide a better insight into the energy driving the shifting continents, and to improve knowledge of the processes of soil formation and the release of nutrients to sustain plant growth.

Physics

A technique developed in the department provided a novel means of dating antiquities accurately. Essentially, very small samples of objects are taken and the energy stored in them released in the form of light (thermoluminescence), which in turn indicates age. A combination of physics and archaeological expertise is being used effectively to verify the authenticity of ancient art objects in order to improve knowledge of the history of mankind and of the Aboriginal peoples in particular.

An arrangement with English universities is being developed for collaboration on problems of hypervelocity flow, based on the University’s shock tunnel facility.

Theoretical Physics

Extensive work on the theory of solar radio bursts has led to an understanding of their origins. This has important practical consequences for radio communications on Earth, but also is directly relevant to the production of energy by nuclear fusion.

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Psychology

M embers of the departm ent explored in detail issues implicit in a national population policy, such as has been suggested by the A ustralian Government. Research was particularly concerned with attitudes towards family planning techniques, beliefs and values concerning general population policies for Australia, and the effects of alternative life styles and employment patterns, especially for females, on the desire for children.

Z°°l°gyThroughout the world there is a growing interest in the ecology of m an-m ade lakes, such as Lakes Burley Griffin and G inninderra in C anberra. For these lakes zoologists are recording the effects of oxygen tension, tem perature, conductivity and zinc accum ulation on the biology of the lakes and, more particularly, on the productivity of fresh-water fish.

Centre for Resource and Environmental StudiesEstablished only in 1973 on a non-departm ental, interdisciplinary basis, the Centre undertook three initial projects. One, a study of ‘Resources for A ustralia’s F uture’, is a major project involving several sub-projects, undertaken in the light of projected population changes and the possibility of major technological change. Professors of Resource Economics and Systems Analysis, to be appointed in 1974, will play a m ajor part in its planning and execution.

The centre joined the Division of Land Use Research of C SIR O and the Government of New South Wales in a land use study of the Shire of E urobodalla on the south coast of the State—the ‘South Coast Project’. The centre appointed a social geographer, an environmental lawyer and two research assistants to work with the C SIR O group and also acted as a focus for the participation in the project of members of other parts of the University.

It also was active in the ‘Botany Bay Project’, sponsored by the three learned academies in Australia and described more fully in the succeeding section of this Report.

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External Activities

T here was a noticeable increase in 1973 in the calls m ade by the Australian Governm ent on the tertiary education sector generally. Because of its location in C anberra and also its emphasis on ‘subjects of national im portance to A ustralia’ as prescribed in the Act, the Australian N ational University was inevitably faced with a m ounting volume of requests for assistance from Governm ent agencies and other bodies. I t can claim to have responded generously to these approaches, while being careful a t the same time to avoid becoming diverted from its prim ary responsibilities for teaching and research.

In some areas co-operation was achieved by means of formal groupings. D uring the year the Centre for Research on Federal Financial Relations attached to the D epartm ent of Accounting and Public Finance of the Faculty of Economics, became fully operational and commenced publication of its research m onograph and reprint series. H eaded by Professor R. L. M athews, FASSA, the Centre was set up in 1972 and is financed directly by the Australian Government. D uring the year this form of support occasioned some discussion within the University, some members of staff urging that it was more appropriate to the University’s position as an autonomous institution tha t funds for such enterprises be provided through the Australian Universities Commission.

A nother example of an institutional grouping which brought together members of the University and others in a concerted approach to a m atter of public concern was the Botany Bay Project, sponsored by the Academies of Science, H um anities, and Social Sciences and supported by the A ustralian Government.

Several staff members were associated from its inception with this m ultidisciplinary endeavour to study economic, environm ental, dem ographic and other features of the Botany Bay catchm ent area. Professor Fenner, H ead of the Centre for Resource and Environm ental Studies, chaired the Botany Bay Project Committee and in Septem ber Professor N. G. Butlin, FASSA, H ead of the D epartm ent of Economic History, Research School of Social Sciences, was appointed its Director. I t is expected that the study will produce not only information relevant to urban policy decisions but also the development of control techniques for minimising environm ental damage.

Some of the assistance requested took the form of involving members of the University in work overseas of relevance to A ustralia’s external relations. M r E. C. C hapm an of the D epartm ent of Geography, served as Australian project director in the Thai-A ustralian land development project, a Colombo Plan operation, and spent several months in the N an Valley close to the Laotian border. D r Soewito-Santoso of the D epartm ent of Indonesian Languages and Literatures was sent by the D epartm ent of Foreign Affairs to Indonesia in response to a request from the Indonesian Govern-

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m ent to catalogue the royal heirlooms, books and manuscripts of the Surakarta Palace. Professor Crawcour, of the D epartm ent of Japanese, was a m em ber of the trade development survey mission to Jap an for the Australian T rade Development Council. The Research School of Pacific Studies became a foundation m em ber of the Asian Association of Development, Research and T rain ing Institute, and Professor D. A. Low, FAHA, the Director, attended the Association’s inaugural meeting in Bangkok.

These activities are but a few illustrations of the m any services rendered by members of the University directly to the community, frequently in the form of consultancy, subject to formal arrangem ent w ith the Governm ent departm ent or agency concerned, but some on an informal basis.

I t is not practicable to attem pt an exhaustive account of these activities which range over all seven research schools in the Institute of Advanced Studies and the five faculties in the School of G eneral Studies. The chief dem and was for assistance in preparing studies to serve as a basis for social and economic policies, and it is under­standable th a t members of the Research School of Social Sciences were especially active in these areas, eg, im m igration, health, education, economic policy, and public adm inistration. But there was lively collaboration by members of the Research School of Pacific Studies, not only w ith Australian agencies, bu t with authorities in Papua New Guinea and Ind ia ; the Research School of Physical Sciences co-operated with the Division of N ational M apping in relation to the installation being developed in the O rroral Valley, A C T ; a m em ber of the Joh n Curtin School of M edical Research assisted the Governm ent on Aboriginal health m atters; and collaboration with C SIR O was especially close on the part of the Research School of Biological Sciences in genetics and related subjects. The Research School of Earth Sciences continued the operation of the Seismic A rray near T ennant Creek, and also co-operated amongst others with the Snowy M ountains Authority, the N ational Aeronautics and Space Adm inistration of the U nited States of America, and the Bureau of M ineral Resources.

In the School of General Studies members of the D epartm ent of Sociology partici­pated in various studies bearing on drug education. T he D epartm ent of Accounting and Public Finance and the Faculty of Law were active in studies and inquiries bearing on public policy and law reform. Several departm ents of the Faculty of Science, notably Chemistry, Psychology and Zoology, made the time of their members available to Governm ent departm ents and agencies with advice on, for example, problems of Aborigines, the wool and m eat industries, and wildlife. The D epartm ent of Forestry advised or collaborated with, amongst others, the N ational Capital Developm ent Commission, the N orthern T erritory Reserve Board, the D epartm ents of Environm ent and Conservation, Tourism and Recreation, and Secondary Industry.

This necessarily brief sum m ary will give an impression of the involvement of University staff to the extent tha t some members of the University expressed concern, and suggested th a t more stringent guide lines be established to regulate the am ount of time tha t m ight be spent on outside consultancy.

Some direct involvement of University staff in public m atters is proper and desirable. But there are limits. Students are justified in dem anding tha t their needs for teaching

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and supervision are met. At a deeper level, the University must retain a basic autonom y whereby it assesses the claims of competing projects on the basis of their intrinsic academic worth, and not on their attractiveness to some external source of funds, governmental or private.

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University ServicesSeveral units of the University exist separately from the research schools and faculties, while providing services to the whole University community.

The LibraryO perating from the R. G. Menzies and J . B. Chifley Buildings, housing respectively the chief postgraduate and undergraduate collections, and from ten specialist b ranch libraries, the University L ibrary experienced a steady, though not dram atic, increase in the rate of accessions during 1973, in the num ber of books lent w ithin the University and to other libraries, and in the rate of call upon its services by members of the w ider com m unity, notably by members of Convocation. This growth was accom m odated, and a program of innovation m aintained, despite a large staff turnover, especially a t the ju n io r professional and clerical level and particularly in the acquisitions, cataloguing and reclassifications departm ents. T he previous University L ibrarian, M r J . J . Graneek, retired a t the end of 1972. M r M. G. Simms was appointed to the post during 1973, to take office in 1974. D uring the year Miss J . M. W aller served as Acting L ibrarian.

T he L ibrary was active in collection building. A special g rant to aid Chinese acquisitions enabled it to em bark on a program of acquiring m aterial likely to be unobtainable or unduly expensive in the near future. Subject librarians in science, social sciences, the hum anities and law did m uch to fill existing gaps in collections by the purchase of back sets of journals, or multi-volume works, an tiquarian items, microform and reprin t sets. Life science and earth science collection development was especially striking, as was the growth of com puter-based reference aids in the social sciences. A start was m ade on acquiring m aterial to support the H um anities Research Centre and the teaching of Italian in the D epartm ent of Rom ance Languages.

J . B. Chifley Building and branch library space was adequate bu t staff in the R. G. Menzies Building were affected by overcrowding. A disproportionate am ount of staff time was occupied during the year in planning and moving segments of the book-stock consequent upon space saving plans. O f the L ibrary’s total budget of SI,765,000, the books and periodicals segment absorbed $518,000—an increase of 3 .4 % over the previous year’s expenditure under this head. Careful husbanding of resources was essential in the face of rising costs and heavy demands for additional materials.

The visits overseas on special leave of the Asian Studies and Science librarians led to exciting new developments. New book sources have been opened up in China, both through exchanges w ith institutions and an arrangem ent w ith the Australian Embassy for on-the-spot purchases in Peking. The Science L ibrarian’s visit to the m ain inform ation/retrieval and com puter-based service centres of Canada, the U nited

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States and Europe has stimulated the planning of new user services and given impetus to the Library’s expanding automation program.

Developments in the field of government publications included the systematic filling of gaps in the Australian collection and acceleration of the building up of Pacific and South-East Asian holdings. The bibliographical control of publications was improved by several computer-based operations and the publication of bibliographical materials expanded.

There were major developments in the Readers’ Adviser program provided in the J. B. Chifley Building, where eight new tutorial courses were added to the established range. Student use of the collection improved substantially; the course for the Human Ecology unit in the Human Sciences Program was especially rewarding.

Counselling Services

In 1973 the University Counselling Services functioned as three discreet but closely linked units providing advice, under the heads of Counselling, Careers and Appoint­ments, and Communication and Study Skills, respectively.

The Counselling and Careers and Appointments staff moved into new but limited accommodation in the Sports Recreation Centre. The Kingsley Street cottage was developed for the Communication and Study Skills Unit, bringing together staff concerned mainly with assisting students in acquiring the skills necessary to University study: efficient English, efficient reading and, a new development, mathematical methods. The work of the new instructor in this last field was largely exploratory and experimental.

In efficient English, several new courses were introduced as part of a developing group approach to this work. An introductory course in university essay writing was offered and also an experimental course in examination techniques.

The Careers and Appointments office functioned in the midst of uncertainty about the graduate employment market and, on the part of some students, about the value of tertiary education. It attempted to resolve some of this uncertainty by providing accurate, well-informed advice about career planning and employment prospects.

The student employment officer continued to find a wide range of part-time and vacation work for students. During the year she visited universities in Melbourne to observe their student employment services at work.

During the year Mr G. W. Mortimore was appointed to the Counselling Services as adviser to part-time students. He investigated the special pressures and difficulties encountered by students combining university studies with full-time employment and planned projects within University departments and the Public Service to increase the involvement and relevance of their studies to their work.

The group approach was used increasingly in both the study skills and counselling areas. Students gave considerable help and support to one another. In counselling greater emphasis was given to social interaction and the development of interpersonal skills rather than to therapy. All these groups were well attended and proved popular.

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There were significant increases in demands for counselling in the middle of the year when students found the combined pressures of assignment work and mid-year examinations an additional strain.

The Counselling Services took an interest in and supported the contact group formed on campus by some students, which aimed to provide a service of ‘information, personal help and referral for students by students’. The counsellors assisted the ‘contact’ members develop sensitivity and listening skills.

Health ServiceThe Health Service moved to the ground floor of the Sports Recreation Centre in time for the beginning of first term. It continued to provide services in three main categories—consultation, physiotherapy and prophylactic inoculation.

While the student population eligible to use the Health Service remained virtually unchanged from 1972, there were significant increases in the numbers of patients attending and in the number of consultations. An analysis of the reasons for con­sultation, however, showed an encouraging decrease in the number of students attending with problems of emotional stress, including examination stress.

Australian National University Press

Responsible to the Vice-Chancellor and supervised by an Editorial Committee drawn mainly from academic staff, the Press is the publishing department of the University. In 1973, 32 new books were published under its imprint and 22 publications issued by other departments were distributed commercially by the Press. Three of its own titles were imported from overseas publishers while nine editions were sold outside Australia. Seven back-list titles were reprinted and sheet stock of another six rebound. The Press had one new title printed in Hong Kong and one in New Zealand, the balance of 27 being manufactured entirely in Australia. Altogether 40,625 copies of new titles were printed or imported.

The Press accepted 23 manuscripts for publication of 65 submitted. This maintained the previous year’s rate of acceptances, about one in three, but total submissions were nearly 30% fewer than in 1972.

The problems of distributing scholarly books were exacerbated by currency fluctuations, postal rate increases, the difficulties experienced by the Press’ agency in the United Kingdom, and more immediately, by staff shortages in the senior range of positions.

Centre for Continuing Education

The Centre for Continuing Education continued its two main lines of activity, the local class program comprising refresher courses and those of general interest, and the seminar program. The Centre is being called on increasingly to arrange seminars, workshops and conferences on critical issues, and it is itself applying much thought to identifying significant areas and issues to which to allocate resources.

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In addition to its own teaching activities, the Centre is meeting more frequent demands by other organisations for advice in the design and construction of conferences and educational exercises. It has worked closely on particular projects with government departments both federal and state; Dr C. Duke, the Director, has advised both the Minister for Labour and the Australian Council of Trade Unions on the proposed national union college.

University Union

The chief highlight of the Union’s activities during the year was the opening of its new building, situated on University Avenue between the Haydon-Allen and Geology Buildings, by the Minister for Education, the Hon. K. E. Beazley, MP, on 31 March. The building was formally opened for service on 9 April.

As in the old Union, but on a much larger scale, services available for members included a refectory, snack bar and milk bar. Liquor bars are located in a number of areas, including the Bistro, a medium-priced restaurant for members and guests. Other facilities include the Union Shop and accommodation for a wide range of student activities.

At the close of the year the Union Board of Management was discussing with the University plans for the expansion of the Union and thus the extension of amenities provided. Immediate plans include the erection of a bar terrace and the landscaping of a beer garden.

Computer Centre

Despite difficulties, both technical and in terms of accommodation, the Computer Centre experienced significant progress during 1973. Mass storage facilities and channel capacity on the Univac 1108 computer were expanded and the machine was manned continuously, including weekends and holidays, on a three-shift basis. A major cause of concern was the high incidence of maintenance problems associated with the Univac 1108; these arose to a large extent from difficulties associated with its physical environment, particularly air conditioning and humidity control. A new cooling tower for the machine’s air conditioning was installed. Considerable time was lost, in consequence of this operation, in November. The question of the adequacy of the size of the core store on the machine also caused concern: the core can be increased by only about a quarter of its present capacity and the effect of this limitation is expected to be felt in 1975 or sooner.

The very adequate way in which the Univac 1108 met the University’s requirements for computing capacity during the year, however, meant that it was possible to plan for the installation of remote consoles at locations convenient to users. These consoles will be controlled by the PDP 11 /45 installation, which is being developed as a front-end processor on the Univac 1108. At the end of the year the prototype version of the communications software was performing very satisfactorily in field tests, which were conducted using hardware interfaces designed and constructed in the Computer Centre.

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The Centre continued to operate the IBM 360/50 machine, most of the new work for which concerned adm inistrative and library applications.

The situation in which some of the C entre’s academic staff were housed in the Cockcroft Building, the majority of program m ers in the R. G. Menzies Building of the Library and the rem ainder of the staff and some equipm ent in G Block, proved a continuing source of problems. A decision was taken to locate the Com puter Centre in a new building, to be shared with the D epartm ent of Solid State Physics, between the Cockcroft Building and the John C urtin School of M edical Research.

AccommodationThe University provides a variety of accom m odation for students and staff. D uring 1973 a high rate of occupancy was experienced. Construction proceeded with a fourth undergraduate hall of residence to come into use in 1974. Unlike the existing Bruce, Burton and G arran Halls, the new hall will not provide full board: cooking and other facilities, however, will be available for student use. Planning for further undergraduate residential developments continued, with students being consulted about their prefer­ences in types of accom m odation provided and its m anagem ent.

G raduate House, which provides accom m odation for postgraduate students, continued to enjoy full occupancy, with one-third of the tenants at the end of the year being overseas students.

At the end of the year, membership of University House, the University’s chief collegiate centre, stood at 845, a considerable increase from the previous year’s figure of 757. O ccupancy rates varied widely, reaching a peak of 94% , but vacation periods were less heavily booked. Full-board tariffs were abandoned in favour of ‘room-only’ and separate meal tariffs.

During the year the House was considerably changed in style by various physical alterations, notably the conversion of the old bar-coffee room area to a bar-bistro with eating facilities for up to 50. A smaller cellar bar was constructed and a new bottle shop was opened adjacent to the wine cellars.

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Site and Buildings

A list of buildings completed and under construction in 1973 is set out in the sum m ary which appears later in this report.

Approval by the Australian G overnm ent late in 1972 of the recom m endations of the Australian Universities Commission for a building program in the 1973-75 triennium enabled the University to proceed with early planning and design of buildings in an attem pt to limit cost escalation. Extensions for the Faculties of Law and Asian Studies were planned to an advanced stage in 1972, thus enabling an early start to be m ade in 1973. Difficulties in the building industry resulted in some delay but even so the office portion will be ready in time for the academ ic year 1974, with the lecture theatre and law library extension to follow shortly thereafter.

A start on the Life Sciences building was delayed while the University sought ways and means of adding an additional floor in order to provide accom m odation for the Centre for Resources and Environm ental Studies. I t was eventually found possible to proceed with a six-storey building for which a contract was let at the end of 1973. The building will accom m odate the life sciences library, Centre for Resource and Environm ental Studies and a laboratory for the life sciences.

The new building for the U nion, Sports Centre and H ealth and Counselling Services was completed and officially opened on 31 M arch.

The occupation of a new building by the U nion freed the old U nion building to be converted for use by sections of the Central Administration.

T he new-type student residence for 237 students was built during the year and the final stage should be ready for occupation in the first half of 1974.

A nother im portant building begun was the A. D. Hope Building which will provide extra accom m odation for the Faculty of Arts. After the move of some Arts departm ents to the new building, space released in the Arts I I I Building will be available for the Faculty of Economics.

Developm ent of the site in accordance with the approved site plan proceeded. The effect of the planting program of the past few years is now obvious. The east end of University Avenue was converted to grass and paths during the year—as the west end had been previously. Landscaping of U nion Court neared completion and similar work commenced in Entrance Court. H ydraulic improvements to Sullivans Creek, designed to counter floods, were under way by the end of 1973.

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Conclusion

The Australian National University has always adopted the policy of limiting its research and teaching to a small number of fields. In some of these it has sought to achieve—and would claim to have achieved—a special standard of excellence.

For some years following its establishment, the University led the way in Australia in providing facilities for research and the training of students for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Research and postgraduate training are now common to all universities, but in this University they occupy a special place not only in the Institute of Advanced Studies, which is exclusively concerned with them, but also in the faculties of the School of General Studies.

One result of this emphasis on research, and the provision of the necessary equipment and services, has been that the University has proved attractive to Australians and others working overseas, and has persuaded many of them to work in Australia. Some of these stay for short periods as Visiting Fellows; others remain permanently either here or in other Australian universities.

In the opinion of the University these characteristics—selectivity of field, emphasis on postgraduate training and research—will continue as central objectives in its future development.

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The Council

The Council met seven times during the year in February, March, May, July, September, November and December.

The Chancellor presided over meetings in February, March, May, July, September and November; the Pro-Chancellor presided over the meeting in December.

Members of the Council as at 31 December 1973 Members Ex OfficioHerbert Cole Coombs, MA WAust., PhD Lond., HonDLitt WAust., HonLLD Melb., Syd. & ANU, FAHA, FASSA, FAA— ChancellorThe Honourable Sir Anthony (Frank) Mason, KBE, BA LLB Syd.—Pro-Chancellor Robert Martin Williams, CBE, MA N £, BA PhD Cantab., HonLLD Otago—Vice- ChancellorDavid Noel Ferguson Dunbar, MSc N£> PhD Melb.—Deputy Vice-ChancellorWang Gungwu, MA Malaya, PhD Lond., FAHA—Deputy Chairman of the Board of theInstitute of Advanced StudiesArthur Neville Hambly, MSc DipEd Melb., FRACT— Deputy Chairman of the Board of the School of General StudiesMichael Garrett Levinge Dunn— President of the Australian National University Students’’ Association

Members Elected by the SenatePeter Elliot Rae, BA LLB Das.John Murray Wheeldon, BA WAust.

Members Elected by The House of RepresentativesRichard Emanuel Klugman, BSc MB BS Syd.Michael John Randal MacKellar, BScAgr Syd., BA Oxon., MP

Members Appointed by the Governor-GeneralGeorge Austin ColmanSir Norman (Lethbridge) Cowper, CBE, BA LLB Syd.John Qualtrough Ewens, CMG, CBE, LLB Adel.Sir Warwick (Oswald) Fairfax, MA Oxon.Sir Brian (William) Hone, OBE, BA Adel., MA Oxon.Peter James Lawler, OBE. BEc Syd.

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Thomas Fulton Coleman Lawrence, BSc BE Syd., FRAeS Geoffrey Lance McDonald, BA MB BS Syd., FRACP, MRCP John Colinton Moore, BCom Qld, AAUQ,Sir (Horace) Frank RichardsonSir Frederick (William George) White, KBE, MSc NZ, PhD Cantab., HonDSc Monash,ANU & P&NG, FAA, FRSArthur John Russel Yencken, MA Cantab.

Members chosen by Heads of the Research Schools in The Institute of Advanced StudiesAnton Linder Hales, MS PhD CapeT., MA Cantab.Donald Anthony Low, MA DPhil Oxon., FAHA

Members chosen from among the Deans of the Faculties in the School of General StudiesEric Charles Fry, BA BEc DipEd Syd., PhD Leslie Ronald Zines, LLB Syd., LLM Harv.

Member elected by the Professors in the Institute of Advanced StudiesPatrick Alfred Pierce Moran, MA ScD Cantab., MA Oxon., DSc Syd., FAA

Member elected by the Professors in The School of General StudiesLiu Ts’un-yan, BA Peking, BA PhD DLit Land., DipEd HK, HonDLitt Teung-Nam, FAHA

Members elected by the Non-Professorial Academic Staff in The Institute of Advanced StudiesJames Maurice Bowler, MSc Melb., PhDPeter John McCullagh, MD BS Melb., DPhil Oxon., MRCP

Members elected by the Non-Professorial Academic Staff in The School of General StudiesDonald William Archdall Baker, MA Melb.Peter Edwin Miles Standish, BA BEc Syd.

Member elected by the Research StudentsIan Peter Brooke Halkett, MA Vic.BC

Member elected by the Undergraduate StudentsDavid Andrew Buchanan

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Members elected by ConvocationR uth Em m a Auguste A rndt, BSc(Econ) Lond.The H onourable Thom as Eyre Forrest Hughes, Q C, LLB Syd. Germ aine Anne Joplin, BA DSc Syd., PhD Cantab.O ne vacancy

Members Appointed by the CouncilJo h n DarlingRoy Douglas W right, MB MS DSc Melb., DSc, FRAGP

Secretary to the CouncilT he Registrar

Visitors to the University included the Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China, M r W ang Kuo-chuan, seen here with his wife, M adam e Chang Yu-lin, and the Chancellor,

Dr H. C. Coombs. M r W ang was a guest of the Vice-Chancellor, Dr R. M. Williams, at a dinner to welcome him to Australia.

In M arch, the M inister for Education, the Hon. K . E. Beazley, opened the new building for the University Union and the Sports Recreation Centre. T he two main parts of the building are linked by a glass-walled common room, bridging Sullivans Creek. Features of the building were explained to M r Beazley by the then Secretary of the Union, M r E. C. de Totth.

In September the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on M r B. U. Byles, who was responsible for the integrated and professional m anagem ent of the Kosciusko State Park, and one of the chief inspirers of the conservation movement in Australia.

Distinguished Australian-born composer,Malcolm Williamson, spent three months at the University as a Creative Arts Fellow developing his interest in the use of music as a form of educational therapy for intellectually handicapped

children. His work included the production of a children’s opera with members of the Koomarri School in Canberra which was televised by the ABC.

The University was saddened by the death of one of its founders, the Hon. J. J. Dedman, on 22 November 1973. As Minister for Post-War Reconstruction in 1946 it was Dr Dedman—he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Laws honoris causa by the University in 1964 and subsequently completed his studies for the degree of Bachelor of Arts—who introduced the Bill in the Parliament which established the Australian National University.

In the Department of Physiology of the John Curtin School of Medical Research, experiments led by Dr W. R. Levick have revealed many of the ways that the eye acts to interpret what it sees rather than merely transmitting messages to the brain.

Their Imperial Highnesses, Crown Prince Akihito and Crown Princess Michiko, visited the Faculty of Asian Studies and the Research School of Biological Sciences during a visit to the University on 7 May as part of their State

visit to Australia. They are seen here with Professor E. S. Crawcour (right), then Professor of Japanese and Dean of the Faculty of Asian Studies.

The University’s grounds provide a pleasant setting for outdoor tutorials, such as this given by Dr J. J. T. Evans, Lecturer in Human Ecology, a part of the Human Sciences Program. Introduced in 1973 the program provides a

sequence of three full-year courses—Human Biology, Human Ecology and Human Adaptability—dealing with the interrelationships between human societies and their environments.

The office of M aster of University House was vacant during 1973, following the appointm ent of Professor Sir Rutherford Robertson as Director of the Research School of Biological Sciences. Professor R. W. V. Elliott (pictured), Foundation Professor of English at Flinders University, has been appointed to succeed Sir Rutherford from 1 January , 1974.

A significant achievement was the establishment of the Research School of E arth Sciences, incorporating the former D epartm ent of Geophysics and Geochemistry of the Research School of Physical Sciences. Professor A. L. Hales was appointed the School’s first Director. Professor Hales was formerly the Director of the Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Texas.

University staff members assisted the Government and its agencies in many areas of fact-finding and policy formulation in 1973. In M ay the Aboriginal Land Rights Commission visited Yirrkala, on the Gove Peninsula where Dr N. Peterson, a Research Fellow in the D epartm ent of Anthropology, Research School

of Pacific Studies, and research officer to the Commission, is seen second from right. O ther members of the group are interpreter Miss J . Ross, M r F. Purcell, solicitor for the Yirrkala people, M r Roy M arika, then chairm an of the village council, M r Justice W oodward and M r Gatjil Djerrwurkburk.

Dr Telvvatte R ahula, a Buddhist monk from Sri Lanka, joined the University staff for two years as senior tutor in Sanskrit in the Departm ent of South Asian and Buddhist

Studies, Faculty of Asian Studies. Here he gives some assistance to second-year honours student, Geremie Barme, one of the thirty students learning Sanskrit.

Operation and control of the new nuclear structure research facility were described to the Prime Minister, the Hon. E. G. W hitlam , following its official opening by him on 1 September. T he Director of the Research School of Physical Sciences, Professor Sir Ernest T itterton, escorted the Prime M inister through the facility. Sir Ernest later retired from the post of Director but remains a Professor within the School.

A m ajor new research facility, the Pelletron 14UD nuclear accelerator, was opened by the Prime Minister, the Hon. E. G. W hitlam , on 1 September. The 46-metre tower has become a C anberra landm ark.

The fourth Vice-Chancellor of the University, Professor Sir John Crawford (left above) was succeeded in that position on 18 M arch by Dr R. M. Williams, formerly Vice-Chancellor

of the University of Otago, New Zealand.Sir Jo h n had served as Vice-Chancellor for five years and previously for seven years as Director of the Research School of Pacific Studies.

T he free University bus, seen with the Union and purple bus makes twenty m inute tours ofCommon Room in the background, began the campus. A lunch-time route takes passengersoperating in 1973 to reduce flow and noise of to the Staff Centre and concessions area,internal traffic. The brightly painted orange

Professor J . D. Ovington, Head of the Departm ent of Forestry and Dean of the Faculty of Science, has been asked by the Australian Government to assist in aid programs in several Asian countries. Here he is seen during a visit to Laos, advising Laotian foresters on the cultivation of eucalypts.

M r M. G. Simms succeeded M r J . J . Graneek as University L ibrarian during the year.M r Simms, who was previously L ibrarian at Jam es Cook University of North Queensland, is a graduate in arts and education of the University of Western Australia.

Among speakers who took p art in the University’s public lectures program was the President of the Australian Council of T rade Unions, and of the Australian Labor Party, M r R. J . Hawke, who gave the fourth John Curtin Memorial Lecture on the relevance of contem porary economic theory to present economic problems.

Radio ANU, the University’s local-transmission broadcasting station, went on to the campus airwaves early in 1973. The station is operated for up to ten hours a day by students working through the Campus Radio Station Committee, which is responsible to the University Council.

Professor J. Cutt joined the University in 1973 to prepare for a new postgraduate course which will combine studies in political science, psychology and sociology with economics, and will lead to the degree of Master of Administrative Studies. Professor Cutt was formerly Professor of Economics at York University, Toronto.

At a reception to welcome students from the University of Puget Sound, Washington State, the Registrar, Mr D. K. R. Hodgkin, spoke with Elizabeth Ernst, an occupational therapy student. The twenty-seven students who spent nine weeks in Australia were the first students of another university to have taken part of their course, a ‘junior semester abroad’, at this University.

The Pro-Chancellor of the University, the Hon. Sir Anthony Mason, conferred degrees

on graduands in the Canberra Theatre in April.

43

Degrees Conferred

Bachelor of Arts

Adamson, K. Aitchison, J. T. Alsaker, S. M. Anderson, R. C. Armstrong, M. M. Attridge, E. J. Austin, G. A. L. Bain, A. M.Baker, P. J.Baron, J. H. R. Barratt, P. H. Barsdell, P.Bastian, R. G. Becket, J. M. Becking, I. R. B. Bedford, A. R. Beegling, R. W. Bellas, G. C. Bennett, J. D. Bennett, R. M. Bennett, S. W. Berry, D. F. Bethune, C. F. Bigna, L. Blackman, L. M. Blake, G.Blood, L. P. Bolitho, D. S. Boyer, S. M. Bradbury, D. Braden, V. M. Bradley, E. M. Bradley, J. J. L. Brewster, J. H. Bright, M. F.

Brocklehurst, J. D. Bugeja, R.Bunbury, C.Button, C. S.Byrne, J. C.Byrne, P. D. Callaghan, D. Campain, J. G. Campbell, N. D. Campbell, R. L. Cardin, U.Carroll, E. J.Carter, S. M. A. Cassin, M. E. Chalmers, J. E. Chapman, A. A. Chapman, R. L. Christian, J. I.Clark, M. P.Clayton, D. M. Clowry, M. L.Collins, I. D.Conroy, K. M.Cowie, A.-M.Crocker, A. L. awarded

posthumously Crooks, J. E.Dagg, D. E.Dal Piva, F. J. D’Andria, A. H. Daunt, S. G. M. Davenport, J. R. Demant, J. E.De Vere, M. G. Dewsnap, G.

Dexter, J. W. S. Dickins, C. M. Dodds, P. G. Dodson, P. L. Domitrjak, J. W. Donaghue, K. P. Donnelly, J. B. Doust, R. B.Early, G. P. Edgerley, V. A. Eldridge, W. J. Eliot, L. E. Engledow, J. B. English, G. J. Evans, D. J. Faulks, C. A. Fisher, V. P. Flynn, G. J. Foster, J. B. Fowler, C. F. Fowler, R. J. Gallagher, B. J. Gardner, J. A. Gardner, J. E. Ghisalberti, M. E. Glass, R. E. Goodfellow, K. L. Gordon, L. D. Gray, A. N. Green, G. A. Griffith, M. C. Griffiths, A. Griffiths, J. E. Groves, R. L. Hammon, D.

44

H am m ond, J . R. Leppert, K. C. Pender, J . G.

H arris, P. L. Lewis, S. R. A. Peppercorn, A. E.

H arris, P. R. Lindsay, H . A. Phoum irath, T.

Hassett, M. J . S. Logan, C. M. Q uant, B. T .Hayes, J . H. McAlister, S. J. Q uiggin, P. H.H ew itt, A. M. M cCay, R. B. Raeuscher, G.Hills, G. S. C. M cClintock, B. R. Rankin, R. J.Hocking, C. M. M cElligott, D. P. Reay, R. W. C.H ogan, W. G. M cG rath, A. T. R edpath, A. L.Hope, A. N. M achin, S. J . Rees, J .H ow ard, R. W. M cK enna, R. B. Richards, R. B.Huggins, P. E. M cLean, R . E. Richardson, J .Hutchison, J . D. M cPherson, D. J . Richardson, M.Inglis, D. G. M cSpedden, J . B. Ross, H. M.Ingram , C. M. Magee, W. S. A. Ross, R. C.Jarzynski, T. M ahoney, J . R. Rum ble, G. A.

Jeffery, M . T. M allett, J . E. Ryder, D. W.

Jessop, J . M . H. M aloney, P. G. Salisbury, S. M.Johnson, F. L. M anning, D. T. Saunders, K. C. J .Jones, E. M. M anw aring, E. Scollay, M . J .Jones, K. W. M athews, D. R. Sharm an, P. J .Jones, M . A. M athews, J . S. Shepherd, H . E.Jones, M. S. M ay, H . A. L. Smith, B. J .Josepka, B. Mayfield, B. J. Stanfield, A. E.Ju b b , A. M. F. M etcalf, D. M. Stefaniak, W. G.

K aine, D. M. M etherall, M. S. Stenhouse, L. L.

Kazs, G. J . M itchell, F. H. Story, M.K eane, D. J . M onaghan, C. T . Stretton, V. V.

Keily, P. W. B. M oore, P. A. Sullivan, A. J .

Kelly, D. E. M urphy, J . M. Sun, C. K.

K enny, C. W. Myers, D. L. Sutton, K. A.

Kewley, A. J . Nazer, V. J . Talty , M . M.

K nox, M . S. Nichols, M . R. Tally, P. J .

K orn, J . Nixon, E. Taylor, W. T. L.

K reibig, V. M. Norris, B. J . Tedder, P. N. O.

Langham , R. M. N utt, D. G. Terry, J . G.

Langridge, A. O ’Connor, A. M. Thomas, C. G. D.

Lauchlan, S. D. O ’H ara, P. H. T horp, B.

Lavis, C. M. Ooi, S. Tie, J . B.

Lawler, K. J . O ’Sullivan, K. P. Vale, A. M.

Lawrence, C. R. O utzen, G. M. V an Oosterom, C. C. M.

Leaver, C. J . Palmer, D. G. van Sebille, C. A. T .

Legge, M . J. Paterson, R. C. V ardanega, L. E.

45

Venkataraman, G. Virtanen, S. E.Walmsley, M. A.Walshe, M. A.Walters, D. A. W.Warnick, L. A. Weatherstone, K. M.

Bachelor of Arts (degree with honours)Aitchison, J. P.Birch, M. J.Bishop, I. E.Brady, M. J. M.Britcliffe, K.Burgess, V.Byatt, P. W.Cahill, A. J.Churchman, S. L. Chutikul, K.Common, J.Corbett, J. M.Cowell, E.A.Cowen, S. D.Crago, K. E.Farmer, A. J. W.Fortescue, S. C.Glover, D. J.Gresford, A. G.

Master of ArtsHaley, E. L.Hassanoff, N. A.Inbal, E.Inglis, A.Kilmartin, L. A.Knapman, C. G.

Bachelor of Arts (Asia:Adams, S. A.Bruce, J. A.Chung, F.-L. F.

Wheelhouse, J. S. White, H. S. White, P. N. D. Whitechurch, M. Williams, P. B. Williamson, J. J.

Gurry, R. J. Hannan, C. J. Hindle, K. G. Hughes, P. J. Ives, E. C. Jackson, K. B. Jones, D. W. Joseph, G. A. Judge, B. M. Kesteven, S. L. Kotthoff, D. A. Krastins, V. A. Lawrey, A. L. Leach, A. M. Markwick, R. D. Nash, D. G. Pinch, D.Raven, J. J.Rix, A. G.

Kratzmann, G. C. Krauth, N. L. Lawson, A. J- Lewis, M. J. Maguire, C. J. Milligan, B. C.

Studies)Cohen, G. E. Dutton, P. W. Hauser, R. C.

Willis, S. J. Wills, M. J. Woods, P. J. Wright, W. N Yates, M. A. Young, V. K.

Robertson, A. Robinson, A. S. Salzer, A. M. Selth, A. W.Slee, J. A.Smith, C. V. Smith, K. L. Street, F. M. Trevethan, R. Turner, P. Warner, N. P. A. Whitelaw, R. B. Wiegold, E. Wirth, B. J. Wood, D. A. R. Woods, M. C. Wright, A. M. Young, G. C.

Pike, A. F.Sherlock, C. H. Thompson, J. R. Williams, C. J. Woodhouse, R. H. M.

Irwin, L. G. Kerley, R. P. Lee, B. E.

46

M cCarthy, S. L. M orrell, J . Steele, P.M alone, P. R. Prangley, J . P. Stewart, M. M.M artin, D. J . Renyi, L. E. W hite, N. D.M oham ed, Z. A. R ickard, P. H. Young, E. A.M oran, M. M . Row an, B. A.

B achelor o f A rts (A sian S tudies) (degree w ith honours)

Bennett, A. M. Moy, T . J . Shapcott, J . J .Dorrington, D. R. Newell, A. K. Straughair, A. G.Kentwell, S. A. Price, S. K. Tucker, J . G.Lipscombe, L. H. Pyett, K. J . W ang, M. P.-T.M cKinney, M. A. M odini, C. N.

Saunders, L. G. Z im m erm an, H. F.

M aste r o f A rts (A sian Studies)

Boston, K. G. Forrester, G. J .

B achelor o f E conom ics

Andrew, J . D. Davey, L. A. Jansen, M. L.Andrews, R. S. Della Vedova, J . J . Jarzynski, K.Bek, P. H. Dickens, M. F. Jeffery, J . L.Bellchambers, G. M. Dixon, A. W. Jones, S.-E. B.Blumer, S. D. Dockrill, B. G. Joyce, H. Y.Blums, A. Domenici, J . Karavis, L.Boadle, S. H . Ellerm an, P. L. Kaye, S. M.Bootes, U .-P. L. Fahy, J . T. Kaye, W. J .Bradley, J . D. Featherston, R. G. Kelly, D. C.Brewer, P. A. Fleming, R. B. E. K enny, B. W.Brophy, R. J . Fooks, D. A. Kreitais, J .Brzozowski, J . H. Forsythe, P. J . Langford, D. T . A.Burchell, M. V. Fox-Lane, B. D. Lee, K. M . T.Cameron, G. A. Gilbert-W ilson, C. P. Legen, R. J .Campbell, H . C. Glen, R. I. A. Lim, R. G. T.Cassells, W. T. H alliday, P. H. Linaker, R. J .Clark, S. G. Flenderson, J . G. Lindenm ayer, B. D.Clough, S. D. Hodgkin, M. W. B. Lindenm ayer, I. K.Connell, H . R. How itt, W. S. Littler, J . C.Coombes, I. R. H um phries, J. Lourey, E. D.Cooper, P. H unt, P. Mackey, T . C.Costello, L. H . H urren, J . F. M cKie, I. W.Crimmins, F. K. Irvine, D. W. M cLennan, A. P.

47

M cW aters, I. D. Q uarterm an, R. T ai, E.M anning, M . J . H. Richardson, C. J . F. Talberg, M. J .M arrington, P. C. Roberts, R. A. T an , S. F.M artin , J . R. R ohan, G. V. Taylor, B. R.M aughan, S. R. Salzer, H . A. Tennent, R. G.Miley, K. J . Shannon, D. R. Thom son, P. J .M urfet, G. R. S. Sheridan, R. P. Tobin, M . J .Muysken, J . C. Shrapnel, R. S. Trowell, J . R.Nettle, G. A. A. Smith, D. F. Tydem an, J . P.Nicholas, J . R. Smith, I. R. U brihien, V.Nigel, J . M . Spratt, D. J . W alker, J . R.Oakes, W. K. Stenhouse, A. G. W aring, T . H.Power, D. P. Stone, J . E. W heeler, T . M.Priest, D. M. Stone, R. J . W hite, R. A. P.Probert, L. G. Stubbs, P. J . Zivol, L. J .

B achelor o f Econom ics(degree w ith honours)

Bellchambers, P. A. Lee, P. S. K. O ’Sullivan, A. J .Early, L. J . M cK eon, R. G. W hitwell, R . B.G raham , H . T. O rford, R. J . W right, M. G.H ourn, C. W.

M aster o f Econom ics

Boxall, P. J . Fitzpatrick, M . D. M artin , G. S.Brewer, K. R. W. Gregory, C. A. Shields, W. J .Carm an, I. L. Grenville, S. A. T albot, S. J .Davis, K. T. K aspura, A. J . W ood, R. B.

M aste r o f A gricu ltu ra l D evelopm en t Econom ics

Bautista, E. M actier, L. A. W. Shiaveh, S. S. L.Ganlas, P. Pam atm at, L. R. Srivastava, A. K.Jayasuriya, S. K. W. Radjino, A. J .

B achelor o f Law s

Alexander, G. D. S. Dorney, K. D. H erbert, C. C.-A.Booth, I. J . Douglas, M. R. Hodge, R . J .Boyce, E. S. Featherston, A. L. Johnson, A. R. G.Cashman, A. G. G rant, G. C. Jones, R. L.Collings, M. J . H annaford, J . K. Knox, B. J .Cook, R. E. H arris, J . D. Lalor, G. C.Davison, M. R. H askett, P. J . Liu, H.

48

Lonergan, J. R. McCarthy, J. W. McGinness, P. H. Mackey, G. J. Maclachlan, C. J. Major, D. W.

Montgomery, P. Mudge, P. M. Perry, P. L. Pola, J. P. Sjoquist, T. J. Towill, A. G.

Bachelor of Laws (degree with honours)

Allen, K. T. Brotherton, F. M. Curtis, J. S. Fisher, J. B. Gunther, J. D. Halkyard, A. J.

Hamilton, R. L. Harders, G. C. Hield, R. R. Higgins, M. J. McDonald, D. T. McMillan, J. D.

Master of Laws

Brouwer, G. E. P. Sweeney, C. A.

Bachelor of Science

Antanaitis, K. Baker, R. J. Bernau, R. J. Bock, A. K.Britt, K. A.Brock, M. A. Cain, S. J. Cantlon, M. J. Carr, B. J. Ceplecha, J. P. Chamberlin, M. Chan, C.-Y. Cleland, M. D. Clemens, J. D. Cowey, M. D. Dalton, R. G. Dangerfield, E. J. Davis, L. M. Devine, P. E. Donnelly, J. M.

Eakin, R. T. Economou, A. Z Freeman, M. J. Furlonger, P. G. George, A. M. Hartley, P. M. Howard, G. P. Hughes, D. M. Hutchison, P. A. Kingsland, R. Lawrence, A. D. Low, J. S. P. Maher, J. B. R. Meany, T. F. Mercer, L. D. Morris, J. C. Nekvapil, M. F. Nyo, S.O ’Neil, S. L. Ozimic, S.

Tyrrel, C. Urquhart, A. B. Whalley, P. W. F. Willcocks, R. M. Withnell, R. E.

Merritt, A. S. Pearson, B. L. Shann, I. D. Stevenson, J. W. J. Thomas, F. C. F. Van Wierst, A.

Park, L. H. Pumpurs, J. Quodling, W. Radik, J. M. P. Romanes, I. R. Sadek, S. H. Sadowski, B. Shirra, D. R. C. Simon, A. V. Smith, A. L. Smith, P. G. Soderlind, D. L. Soo, P. I.Tan, T. S. Thompson, P. Thorne, J. W. Ward, J. E. Whyte, R. K. Williams, L. A. Wright, Y. J.

49

Bachelor of Science (degree with honours)Anderson, A. R. Dodsworth, I. M uller, V. J .Baird, J . P. Dooley, A. H. Norris, R. H.Baker, C. A. Duff, B. A. Olds, K. D.Bardsley, P. J . Furlonger, J . R. Palm er, K.Bell, M . W. G ardner, C. M. Pavloff, P.Berman, D. M. L. Guppy, M . D. Peisley, K . E.Blakers, M. H arm an, P. J . Peters, G. B.Blarney, P. J . Holloway, D. J . R uncim an, J . D.Bloomfield, N. G. Holmes, R. P. Sadler, D. R.Bradley, D. C. Honner, J . R. Schwingham er, M . W.Burdon, J . J . H oradam , K. J . Seward, D. A.Cam pbell, G. D. H ym an, M . G. Southwood-Jones, R. V.Cam pbell, J . F. Jeffery, D. G. Stew art, A. A.Gatling, P. C. Jones, A. T. Stew art, A. P.Cooley, M . A. Lavers, G. Tassell, C. B.Craig, J . T . Lee, M. S. T opp, G. C.Craik, G. J . S. Lindsay, J . A. V an W ierst, B. J . B.Culvenor, J . G. Liston, P. W. W hyte, L. C.DafFey, M. D. M adin, J . M . W. W isdom, P. H.Dengate, J . E. M archant, R. de M. Wookey, P. J .

Bachelor of Science (Forestry)Batty, S. N. H all, M . F. M unang, M.Bulman, P. A. Hawkins, B. W. Nethery, W. J .Chalmers, R. W. Henderson, L. E. Nicholson, D. W.Chan, C. W. Keys, M . G. Ryan, P. A.Copeland, J . C. Khiong, K. S. Sanderson, M . E.Crawford, B. A. Luttrell, S. D. Sepawie, A.-H.Fussell, K. J . M cA rthur, I. G. Stevenson, P. M.Gay, R. W. Mackowski, C. M. W illiams, R. J .Haines, R. J . M eehan, D. P.

Bachelor of Science (Forestry) (degree with honours)

Alder, D. Johnson, I. G. Shepherd, P. C.Catling, P. C. Lockett, E. J . Southwood-Jones, R. V.Daffey, M. D. M oham ed, M. A. A. T itm us, L. F.Dudzinski, M. J. Pavloff, P. V an Saane, L.Harvey, A. M. Scott, L.-A.

50

M aste r o f Science

Ahm ad, F. Goh, Y. K. Lea, A. R.Banks, J . C. G. Gyi, M . K. K. Perng, C.Davies, D. R. L. Howlett, B. J . Wilson, J . M.England, R. N. Koluzs, P. J .

D octor o f Science

Heyde, C. C.

D octo r o f Philosophy

Alexander, R. P. Foley, K. J . Lloyd, J . W.Allen, H. R. Gaisie, S. K. Logan, P. F.Ayling, R. D. G eard, C. R. Lyons, M . J .Baghurst, P. A. Gerrity, R. G. M cCool, B. J .Ball, D. J . Glover, I. C. M cD onald, P. F.Baraniak, E. Gregory, A. R. M cD onald, R. J .Barker, P. R. Guy, J . B. M. M cllroy, J . C.Bennett, D. J . H am ilton, C. D. M cLeod, K. I.Bentley, K. W. H ann, E. J . M cPherson, K. I.Bishop, D. M. H arding, B. G. M am dapur, V. R.Bradley, G. M. Flarris, L. F. M anning, I. G.Brunner, A. M. Haynes, D. W. M archant, FI. J .Butlin, J . D. H earn, J . P. M eier, P.Caldwell, G. T. Hobbs, J . B. Melrose, R.Carroll, D. Hoffm an, C. C. M errill, N. H.Garroll, K. F. Hope, G. S. Misko, I. S.Cezus, F. A. H ow ard, R. F. M orariu, V.Chappell, B. A. Ioannides, A. C. Nagorcka, B. N.Chilvers, G. A. Ivanov, G. N ajam , M . R.Coventry, R. J . Jell, P. A. N aulty, R. A.Coyne, P. D. Jennings, L. S. Nicholls, W. A.Crain, I. K. Jones, H. G. Oloyede, S. S.Crombie, A. D. Käfer, N. F. Osborne, C. G. W.Davey, R. A. Kem p, A. S. Pain, C. F.Davis, J . R. Keogh, K. S. Painter, M. J .Dobbins, K. W. Kesson, S. E. Pankhurst, C. E.Douglas, B. P. K han, M . R. Panoff, F. S.Eade, J . C. K night, J . H. Pengilley, R. K.Edvi-Illes, A. C. Kwon, T . H. Phillis, K. J .Effenberger, R. Langm an, R. E. Rafiqi, A. Q,.Esler, M. D. Leavey, M . C. Robinson, P. M.Farquhar, G. D. Lim Sow Ching Sarkies, K. W.

51

Shaw, B. D.Silcock, H. L. Simpson, D. W. Sommerlad, E. A. Stokes, A. N. Stroobant, P.Sy Wilson Nang-Chan Taguchi, H. Tammemagi, H. Y. Tanaka Kyoko

Taylor, W. P. Thompson, J. V. Tuzin, D. F. Vanderwal, R. L. Visswanathan, E. S. Waghorne, W. E. Walker, D. R. Weiss, R.Wheeler, A. M. Williams, D. G.

Williams, K. L. Wilson, S. R.Wong, Y.-W.Wood, G. R. Worthington, M. H. Wright, P. J.Yar Khan, M.Yeo Kok Chye Younghusband, H. B. Zwangobani, E.

52

Prizewinners

The University MedalGayle Edith Adams Physics M argaret R uth Conn Psychology Johannes H endrik Drielsma Forestry K errie Irene Gell Chemistry R ichard John H unter Pure Mathematics R obert Nicholas Jose EnglishPaul R ichard K auffm an South Asian and Buddhist Studies Gael Keig Biochemistry

The Alliance Frangaise De Canberra PrizesCatherine Bernadette M eere French Language and Literature I Lynn Banbrook French Language and Literature I I Adrian Jam es d y n e s French Language and Literature I I I

Australian-American Association Prize for American StudiesJennifer M argaret Lee History I I I

The Australian Capital Territory Bar Association PrizeLeigh Alan W arnick

The Australian Computer Society PrizeGraem e John W illiams

The Australian Institute of Physics PrizeCharles R obert Leedman

The Australian Psychological Society PrizeM argaret Ruth Conn

Australian Society of Accountants’ PrizesBrian Tracey Kim ball Accounting I Robert Joh n Bohnert Accounting I I Robert David Evers Financial Accounting Theory Joh n Steward W heller Company Finance

53

The B. C. M eagher Prize for Commonwealth Constitutional LawJohn Peter M cD erm ott J W illiam Ross W ilde J Shared

Canberra Association of University Women PrizeD iana M ary Kelloway Pamela M argaret Taylor

J . G. Crawford PrizesJoh n Christopher Eade Jacques Bernard M ichel Guy

The CSR Chemicals PrizeK errie Irene Gell

The Commonwealth Forestry Bureau Book PrizeJohn Alan Fulton

The Economic Society PrizesJane Elizabeth Drake-Brockman Economics I I Leslie Charles W itchard Economics IV H

The Freehill, Hollingdale and Page Prize for Commercial StudiesLeigh Alan W arnick

The Geological Society of Australia PrizeSally M iranda Rigden

The George Knowles M emorial PrizeM argaret Therese Stone

The Goethe Society PrizesDianne M aree O ’Neill German Language and Literature I Christine Joy Barnes German Language and Literature II Renate U rsula Weissgaerber J- , „ T . rGerman Language and Literature IV H (shared)M ary Grace Livermore J

The H anna Neumann Prizes for Pure M athematicsHuw Price Pure Mathematics 1IIH R ichard John H unter Pure Mathematics IVH

y »Shared

54

The Institute Prize for Economic HistoryR obert Edw ard Armstrong"!David Ralfe Gregory J ^ re

The Lady Isaacs5 PrizeG raham R obert M cLennan

The Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory Prize for ContractsPeter Jo h n Parsons

The Leslie Holdsworth Allen Memorial PrizeR obert Nicholas Jose

The Marie Halford Memorial PrizeJo an M ary Hughes Elizabeth Gai Gillespie

Permanent Trustee Company (Canberra) Limited PrizesM argaret Therese Stone Property I I Gary Albert Rum ble Trusts

Priscilla Fairfield Bok PrizeJu d ith Lesley Lean Sarah Elizabeth M ary Monks

The Professional Officers’ Association PrizesHelen Dorothy Slattery Botany A O l Ian Allen W atson Chemistry A 0 1

Rachel Dorph Memorial PrizeD aphne Louise Olive

Shared

y *Shared

The Ramsay PrizeRosemary Prideaux Dyer K im M acgregor Summers

Shared

The Royal Australian Chemical Institute PrizeRoderick Jo h n Phillips

55

The Royal Institute of Public Administration PrizeR obert Allen Henderson

The Scandinavian-Australian Society PrizesM ary Grace Livermore Swedish R enate U rsula W eissgaerber Old Norse

Schlich M emorial Trust PrizeJohannes H endrix Drielsma

The Shell Company Prizes

M atthew Peter Fewell

The Statistical Society of Australia (Canberra Branch) Prize

Peter Reginald H artley Statistics CO 1(H) and CO2(H) or C05(H)

The Supreme Court Judges’ PrizeRoger Alasdair Brown J Leigh Alan W arnick J ^are(

The Tillyard PrizeR obert Nicholas Jose

The Tim bind Utilization PrizeKamis Bin Awang

The Trustees Executors (Canberra) Limited PrizeJeffrey Edward Faure

The United Commercial Travellers’ Association PrizeM atthew W illiam Butlin

The W. B. Clarke Prize in GeologyA drian Joh n Williams J Lyndyl Patricia G reer J ^are^

Graem e A rthur Chandler Bryan M ichael Fitzpatrick >1Statistics B01 and B02 or B03 (shared)

56

Academic Visitors

Dr P. R. AdamsMr K. AlladiProfessor H. AllenProfessor H. D. AttwoodProfessor M. S. BartlettDr P. C. BatemanProfessor G. BaumslagDr G. BenjaminProfessor J. B. BirdsellAssociate Professor T. andMrs A. BisalputraProfessor I. BoileauDr Y. S. BorodaevProfessor J. C. D. BrandAssistant Professor B. BreckenridgeRev. Professor I. BrewardDr A. BrillanteProfessor B. BullockDr J. H. CallomonProfessor J. H. CampbellDr A. CapellProfessor K. W. ChangDr S. T. ChangDr R. A. CooperDr J. M. CreethProfessor D. R. CresseyProfessor F. CrowleyDr D. S. DaviesProfessor T. J. de BoerDr G. F. DonaldsonMr G. S. DorranceDr S. F. DykeDr R. A. EastProfessor R. V. FaraceDr T. R. FaulknerSir Raymond and Lady FirthDr L. A. Frakes

Calgary UniversityUniversity o f MadrasUniversity o f East AngliaUniversity o f MelbourneOxford UniversityUS Geological SurveyRice UniversityUniversity o f SingaporeUniversity o f California (Los Angeles)

University o f British Columbia

University o f AucklandMoscow State UniversityUniversity o f Western OntarioM e Master UniversityKnox College, DunedinNational Research Council o f ItalyUniversity o f California (San Diego)University College, London University o f California (Los Angeles)SydneyCalgary UniversityChinese University of Hong KongN f Geological SurveyLister Institute o f Preventative Medicine, LondonUniversity o f California (Santa Barbara)University o f New South WalesICI, LondonUniversity o f AmsterdamWorld Bank, WashingtonInternational Monetary Fund, WashingtonUniversity o f BathUniversity o f SouthamptonMichigan State UniversityUniversity o f NottinghamUniversity o f LondonFlorida State University

57

Dr O. H. FrankelMr W. J. GardnerAssociate Professor N. A. GibsonDr B. D. GiorgioDr B. T. GoldingDr M. C. HallDr H. J. M. HanleyDr B. M. HannaMr G. HavasProfessor J. J. HealyProfessor R. J. HensleyProfessor D. G. HigmanProfessor G. HigmanDr C. J. HughesDr R. I. JeppssonProfessor G. D. JohnsonDr P. D. JonesAssociate Professor R. M. Keesing Dr K. S. Keogh Dr J. Kleineke Dr A. M. Lane Dr A. Lang Dr H. Laracy Professor G. E. Likens Professor L. LossProfessors J. D. and N. McCawley Dr E. M. McPartlin Professor C. B. Macpherson Dr D. A. Maelzer Dr. C. Metcalfe

Dr R. N. Mirrington Dr P. J. Morris Professor R. S. Neale Professor J. Neustupny Professor J. Nevile Dr J. F. Ogilvie Dr C. K. Peach Professor I. Pearce Professor J. G. A. Pocock Dr D. I. Pool Dr I. PrakashEmeritus Professor W. Prest

CSIRO, Canberra University of Canterbury University of Sydney University of Alberta University of WarwickCommonwealth Attorney-General's DepartmentNational Bureau o f Standards, USACairo Demographic InstituteCanberra College o f Advanced EducationCarleton UniversityUniversity of MiamiUniversity o f MichiganMathematical Institute, OxfordMemorial University o f NewfoundlandUniversity of UppsalaKansas State UniversityControl Data Corporation, MinnesotaUniversity of California (Santa Cruz)University of SydneyUniversity o f GottingenU K Atomic Energy Research EstablishmentUniversity o f Papua and New GuineaUniversity o f AucklandCornell UniversityHarvard UniversityUniversity o f ChicagoPolytechnic o f North LondonUniversity o f TorontoUniversity o f AdelaideAustralian Institute o f Aboriginal Studies,CanberraUniversity of Western Australia University o f Waikato University o f New England Monash University University o f New South Wales Memorial University o f Newfoundland St Catherine's College, Oxford University o f Southampton

Washington University Cornell UniversityCentral Arid Jpne Research Institute, Jodhpur University o f Melbourne

58

Miss J. RadfordDr S. N. RajaguruProfessor P. RastallDr J. O. ReganMr J. RichardsonProfessor J. RodgersProfessor F. G. G. RoseProfessor M. RoyamaDr H. R. SkullerudDr A. SteinackerMr M. SteinhoffProfessor J. L. StolleryDr G. Subbo RaoDr P. D. TannockDr N. B. TindaleProfessor W. UhlenbeckMiss I. von TeichmanDr E. W. WaddellDr J. C. WatkinsMr A. WatsonProfessor H. B. WesterfieldDr W. M. K. WijetungaAssociate Professor P. J. WilsonDr R. M. WingProfessor F. Y. WuDr S. B. YueProfessor B. G. Zimmer

University of Melbourne Deccan College, India University o f British Columbia Claremont Graduate School, USA Department o f Trade, Canberra Tale University Humboldt University Sophia UniversityThe Norwegian Institute o f TechnologyUniversity o f California (San Diego)Institute fo r Asian Studies, HamburgCranfield Institute o f TechnologyIndian Institute of Science, BangaloreUniversity o f Western AustraliaSouth Australian MuseumState University o f LeydenUniversity of PretoriaMcGill UniversityUniversity o f BristolUnited KingdomTale UniversityUniversity o f Sri LankaUniversity o f OtagoUniversity o f California (Riverside)Northeastern UniversityUniversity o f Hong KongBrown University

59

University Public Lectures in 1973

‘Post-independence relations between Papua New Guinea and Australia’ (University Lectures 1973)21 M ar. Prof. J . W. Davidson 28 M ar. M r Leo H annett

4 Apr. D r R. J . M ay

11 Apr. Prof. J . D. B. M iller

From dependency to independence Social relations after independence Economic relations between Australia and independent Papua New Guinea Australia and New Guinea in world politics

‘Biological organisation’ series13 Ju n e D r H . Rosenberg 20 Ju n e Prof. J . Langridge 27 Ju n e D r R. F. M ark

4 Ju ly Prof. G. L. Ada

11 Ju ly Prof. S. A. Barnett 18 Ju ly Prof. D. J . Anderson 25 Ju ly Prof. J . B. Birdsell

M em branes in cellular organisation The genetic program The nervous strategies of behaviour Co-operation between cells in the defence of the bodyEthology: science or m yth?Ecology— the problems of hierarchy The ecology of hunting m an

Single public lectures2 M ar. Prof. G. C. Allen

9 M ar. Prof. G. C. Allen 22 M ar. Prof. P. Samuelson 10 Sept. M r R. W atson

12 Sept. General Carlos Romulo

The control of monopoly and restrictive practices in B rita in : the lessons of experience Jap an as a trading partner M ainstream economics and its critics Paintings in the National Gallery of Art, W ashingtonThe common tasks of Asians and Australians

The John Curtin Memorial Lecture29 Oct. M r R. J . Hawke Economic policies of C urtin and beyond

The George Ernest Morrison Lecture14 Nov. Prof. Liu Ts’un-yan O n the a rt of ruling a big country: views of three

Chinese emperors

60

Senior Staff A ppointm ents and Promotions

School of General StudiesM r H. G. Brennan Senior Lecturer in Accounting and Public Finance, formerly Lecturer.D r J . G. Caiger Senior Lecturer in Asian Civilizations, formerly Lecturer.D r G. A. Chilvers Senior Lecturer in Botany, formerly Lecturer.M r A. H. Chisholm Senior Lecturer in Economics, formerly Lecturer.Professor J . C utt Professor o f Administrative Studies, formerly Associate Professor o f Economics, York University, Ontario.M r G. J . Davies Senior Lecturer in Law, formerly Lecturer.D r R. R. C. de Crespigny Reader in Chinese, formerly Senior Lecturer.Professor J . A. W. Forge Professor o f Anthropology, formerly Malinowski Memorial Lecturer at the London School o f Economics.M r J . L. Goldring Senior Lecturer in Law, formerly Lecturer.M r D. E. H arding Reader in Law, formerly Senior Lecturer.M rs L. A. Hercus Reader in South Asian and Buddhist Studies, formerly Senior Lecturer.M r A. E. H ogan Assistant Director o f the Legal Workshop, formerly Barrister-at-Law, Wollongong.M r A. J . Howells Senior Lecturer in Biochemistry, formerly Lecturer.D r J . T . F. Jordens Reader in Asian Civilizations, formerly Senior Lecturer.D r R. J . M acD onald Senior Lecturer in Physics, formerly Lecturer.D r B. P. M olinari Senior Lecturer in Computer Science, formerly Lecturer, School o f Electrical Engineering, University o f New South Wales.M r F. W . Shawcross Senior Lecturer in Prehistory, formerly Senior Lecturer in Prehistory, University o f Auckland.M r D. W. Smith Senior Lecturer in Law, formerly Visiting Fellow in Economics, Research School o f Pacific Studies.D r R. B. Stanton Senior Lecturer in Computer Science, formerly Research Fellow, University o f Sussex.D r P. R. Stewart Senior Lecturer in Biochemistry, formerly Fellow, Developmental Biology, Research School o f Biological Sciences.Professor N. S. T rudinger Professor o f Pure Mathematics, formerly Reader in Mathematics, University o f Queensland.D r M . I. W hitecross Senior Lecturer in Botany, formerly Lecturer.

Institute of Advanced StudiesD r A. J . D. Bellett Senior Fellow in Microbiology, formerly Fellow.M r S. I. Benn Professorial Fellow in Philosophy, formerly Senior Fellow.

61

D r M. S. Bessell Fellow in Astronomy, formerly Research Fellow.D r R. P. Brent Fellow in the Computer Centre, formerly Research Fellow.D r R. R. Brown Professorial Fellow in History o f Ideas Unit, formerly Senior Fellow in Philosophy.M r P. O. C arden Senior Research Engineer in Engineering Physics, formerly Research Engineer. D r B. G. Cleland Fellow in Physiology, formerly Research Fellow.D r I. R. Cowan Professorial Fellow in Environmental Biology, formerly Senior Fellow. Professor D. R. Curtis Professor and Head o f the Department o f Pharmacology, formerly Professor o f Neuropharmacology.D r L. H. Day Senior Fellow in Demography, formerly Chief o f Demographic and Social Statistics Branch, Statistical Office, United Nations.D r M. A. Denborough Professorial Fellow in Clinical Science, formerly Reader in Medicine, University o f Melbourne.D r A. W. D uggan Fellow in Pharmacology, formerly Honorary Fellow.D r T. E. D utton Fellow in Linguistics, formerly Research Fellow.D r J . J . Eddy Senior Fellow in History, formerly Fellow.Professor F. J . Fenner Director o f Centre fo r Resource and Environmental Studies and Professor o f Environmental Studies, formerly Director o f the John Curtin School o f Medical Research. D r A. Fraser Senior Fellow in Far Eastern History, formerly Fellow.D r K. L. O. Gillion Senior Research Fellow in Pacific and South-East Asian History, formerly Reader in History, University o f Adelaide.Professor A. L. Hales Director o f the Research School o f Earth Sciences, formerly Head o f Graduate Program in the Geological Sciences and Director o f the Institute fo r Geological Sciences, University o f Texas.M r W. S. H arris Senior Research Fellow in Anthropology, formerly Staff Correspondent in Australia fo r the ‘ Times'.M r G. H. H enry Fellow in Physiology, formerly Research Fellow.D r J . L. Hughes Senior Research Fellow in Engineering Physics, formerly Research Fellow. D r A. R. H yland Fellow in Astronomy, formerly Research Fellow.Dr R. L. K irk Professorial Fellow in Human Biology, formerly Senior Fellow.Dr J . K. M acleod Senior Fellow in the Research School o f Chemistry, formerly Fellow.D r G. M. Neutze Professorial Fellow and Head o f the Urban Research Unit, formerly Senior Fellow and Head o f the Unit.D r C. B. Osmond Senior Fellow in Environmental Biology, formerly Fellow.D r C. Pask Fellow in Applied Mathematics, formerly Qiieeti Elizabeth I I Fellow.Dr D. C. Sandem an Senior Fellow in Neurobiology, formerly Fellow.D r G. 1. Schoefl Fellow in Experimental Pathology, formerly Senior Research Fellow.Dr D. D. Shaw Fellow in Population Biology, formerly Research Officer, Forest Research Laboratory, New Brunswick, Canada.D r J . Stone Senior Research Fellow in Physiology, formerly Research Fellow.D r T. Terasaw a Senior Research Fellow in Theoretical Physics, formerly Associate Professor o f Physics, University o f Tokyo.

62

D r B. G. Thom Senior Research Fellow in Biogeography and Geomorphology, formerly Research Fellow.D r M . L. Treadgold Senior Research Fellow in Economics, Research School o f Pacific Studies,

form erly Research Fellow.D r D. T. T ryon Fellow in Linguistics, formerly Senior Lecturer in French and Linguistics, Jam es Cook University o f North Queensland.D r K . A. Tucker Fellow in Economic History, formerly Research Fellow.D r C. L. Voorhoeve Senior Fellow in Linguistics, formerly Fellow.D r R. O. W atts Fellow in the Computer Centre, formerly Senior Research Fellow in the Diffusion Research Unit.D r C. E. W est Senior Research Fellow in Experimental Pathology, form erly Research Fellow. D r E. M . W hitcom be Senior Research Fellow in Economics, Research School o f Pacific Studies, formerly Research Fellow, Science Policy Research U nit, University o f Sussex.D r M . W. W hitehouse Senior Research Fellow in Experimental Pathology, form erly Research Rheumatologist, University o f California School o f Medicine.D r I. G. Young Fellow in Biochemistry, formerly Research Fellow.

63

Senior Staff Resignations and Retirements

School of General StudiesProfessor P. S. Atiyah Professor o f L aw , to Chair o f L aw , University o f Warwick.Professor L. M. Birt Professor o f Biochemistry, on appointment as Vice-Chancellor Designate, Wollongong University College.Dr H. Bluhme Senior Lecturer Linguistics, to return to Europe.Mr G. J. Davies Senior Lecturer in L aw , on appointment as Associate Professor o f Law, University o f Alberta.Dr G. B. Fox Wool Board Fellow in Sociology, to an appointment with the World Bank.Dr J. D. Frodsham Reader in Chinese, to Chair o f Literature at Murdoch University.Mrs D. Green Senior Lecturer in English, to devote time to writing.Mr D. E. Harding Reader in Law, to Chair of Business L aw , University o f N ew South Wales. Dr R. B. Knox Senior Lecturer in Botany, to Chair o f Botany, University o f Melbourne.Mr B. J. McFarlane Senior Lecturer in Political Science, on appointment as Reader in Politics, University o f Adelaide.Dr A. H. Weatherley Reader in Zoology, to Chair o f Fishery Biology, Troms</> University. Dr A. Yuyama Senior Lecturer in South Asian and Buddhist Studies, on appointment as Research Fellow, University o f Auckland.

Institute of Advanced StudiesDr R. Dingle Senior Fellow in Solid State Physics.Mr L. F. Fitzhardinge Professorial Fellow in History.Dr A. J. Parker Professorial Fellow in the Research School o f Chemistry.Professor D. H. Pike General Editor, Australian Dictionary of Biography, Department o f History.Emeritus Professor T. H. Silcock Senior Research Fellow in Economics, Research School o f Pacific Studies.Dr M. W. Simpson-Morgan Fellow in Experimental Pathology.Dr A. J. Strathern Fellow in Anthropology.

ObituaryProfessor J. W. Davidson Professor and Head o f Pacific History, died 8 A pril 1973.

64

Building Program Sum m ary

B u ild in g s c o m p le te d in 1973 D a te c o m p le te d

N ew U n io n b u ild in g N u c le a r Physics T a r g e t A re aM o u n t S tro m lo O b s e rv a to ry — W o rk sh o p ex ten sio n

M a rc h 1973

J u n e 1973 A u g u s t 1973

B u ild in g s u n d e r c o n s tr u c t io n in 1973E s t im a te d c o m p le t io n d a te

L ife S ciences b u ild in g L a w /A s ia n S tu d ie s ex tensions F o u r th s tu d e n t res id en ce

A . D . H o p e B u ild in g (fo rm erly A rts V )C h a n c e lry A n n e x (co n v ersio n o f o ld U n io n )J o h n C u r t in S choo l o f M e d ic a l R e se a rc h (W in g E) S h a re d sc ience a r e a — a n im a l h o ld in g b u ild in g

M a y 1975 M a rc h 1974 J u n e 1974 A u g u s t 1974 M a rc h 1974 A p ril 1974 M a rc h 1974

65

University Statistics

Full-time staff as at 30 April 1973

D esign ation m a le s fem a le s to ta l

Academic activities

Teaching-and-research s ta ff

professor 44 44

associa te p rofessor, r e a d e r 45 — 45

sen io r le c tu re r 9 6 i 12 1081

le c tu re r 80 11 91sen io r d e m o n s tra to r , sen io r tu to r 27 20 47

d e m o n s tra to r , tu to r , te a c h in g fellow 11 5 16

T o ta l 303£ 48 3511

Research only s ta ff

professor 56 56

pro fesso ria l fellow , re a d e r , sen io r fellow 112 2 114

fellow , sen io r re se a rch fellow , re se a rc h fellow 2781 10 2 8 8 |

ju n io r re se a rch s ta ff 80 116 196

T o ta l 5 2 6 | 128 6541

Non-academ ic adm inistrative s ta ff supporting academic

activities 172 399 571

Technical s ta ff

te ch n ic a l officer 261 29 290

te ch n ic a l ass is tan t 230 133 363

T o ta l 491 162 653

Library s ta ff

pro fessional 11 54 65

o th e r 15 59 74

T o ta l 26 113 139

66

D esign ation m a les fe m a le s to ta l

Administrative staffc h ie f a d m in is tra tiv e officer 7 — 7

sen io r a d m in is tra tiv e officer 4 3 7

a d m in is tra tiv e officer 23 5 28

a d m in is tra tiv e ass is tan t 25 6 31

clerk , ty p is t, e tc 78 187 265

o th e r 4 8 12

T o ta l 141 209 350

Building planning and maintenance staffpro fessiona l 6 1 7

tra d e sm e n 58 — 58

o th e r 29 8 37

T o ta l 93 9 102

Other services 106 58 164

Independent operations 38 68 106

T ota l s ta ff 1,897 1,194 3,091

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T each in g-an d -research s ta ffAcademic activitiesF a c u lty o f A rts 17 15 35 46 13 5 131F a c u lty o f A sian S tu d ies 5 6 9 7 5 — 32F a c u lty o f E co n o m ics 7 5 12 17 7 4 52F a c u lty o f L aw 4 3 10 6 3 — 26F a c u lty o f S cience 11 16 42* 15 19 7 n o *

T o ta l fo r a c a d e m ic ac tiv itie s 44 45 108* 91 47 16 351*C e n tre fo r C o n tin u in g E d u c a tio n 1 1 1 2 — — 5

T ota l teach in g-an d -research 45 46 109* 93 47 16 356*

67

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Research only staffAcademic activities

The Faculties — —The Research School of Biological Sciences 5 1The Research School of Chemistry 3 4The John Curtin School of Medical Research 9 7The Research School of Pacific Studies 11 9The Research School of Physical Sciences 12 5The Research School of Social Sciences 16 10

Total for academic activities 56 36Centre for Continuing EducationComputer Centre — 1

Total research only 56 37

— 1 — 5 52 58

6 1 4 28 6 51

3 — 4 41 5 60

16 9 9 34 11 95

15 7 10 24 43 119

24 7 17 45 12 122

14 6 9 27* 67 149*

78 31 53 204* 196 654*

— 1 311

16

78 31 54 207£ 198 661*

68

Enrolments to 30 April 1973

fu ll-tim e p a rt-tim e to ta l

P h D course

Institute of Advanced Studies 270 3 273School of General Studies 129 43 172C om puter Centre 5 1 6

Total 404 47 451

M a ster degree courses

Institute of Advanced Studies 4 6 10School of General Studies 90 108 198

Total 94 114 208

Bachelor degree courses

School of G eneral Studies arts 826 833 1,659arts/law 222 14 236Asian studies 162 80 242Asian studies/law 8 — 8economics 285 388 673economics/Asian studies 10 — 10economics/law 102 5 107law 114 120 234science 604 110 714forestry 189 6 195

Total 2,522 1,556 4,078

Non-degree courses 12 172 184

Total undergraduates 2,534 1,728 4,262

Other courses

legal workshop 30 — 30master prelim inary/quaiifying 44 91 135courses of research not leading to a degree 2 — 2

Total 76 91 167

N et total* en ro lm en ts at th e U n iversity 3,100 1,962 5,062

* adjusted by 26 for students counted in more than one course

69

Assisted Students

m a les fem a les to ta l

H igher degree students

A u s tra lia n G o v e rn m e n t assis tance 174 42 216

U n iv e rs ity assistance 391 88 479

o th e r assistance 12 — 12

Students other than higher degree

A u s tra lia n G o v e rn m e n t assis tance 895 604 1,499

S ta te G o v e rn m e n t assistance 115 142 257

U n iv e rs ity assistance 122 33 155

o th e r assistance 12 2 14

N et total* a s s is te d stu d en tsat the U n iv ersity 1,549 875 2,424

* ad ju s te d by 208 for s tu d e n ts c o u n te d in m o re th a n one ca te g o ry o f assistance

Degrees Conferred

m a les fem a les to ta l

D o c to r o f L e tte rs (honoris causa) 1 — 1D o c to r o f S cience 1 — 1D o c to r o f P h ilo so p h y 131 15 146M a ste r 41 5 46B ache lo r 456 221 677

T otal 630 241 871

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77

A uditor-G eneral’s R eport

A U D IT O R -G E N E R A L ’S O F F IC E , CANBERRA, A C T

8 Ju ly 1974

The Vice-Chancellor,The Australian N ational University,C anberra, ACT 2600

D ear Sir,

Financial Statements Year ended 31 December 1973

In compliance with a request by the T reasurer in terms of section 33(1.) of the Australian N ational University Act 1946-1973, the accounts of the University have been audited for the year ended 31 Decem ber 1973.The statements listed hereunder have been examined and are in agreem ent with the accounts and financial records of the University—

Statem ent of N et Assets as a t 31 Decem ber 1973Statem ent of Receipts and Paym ents (excluding Ancillary Activities) for the year ended 31 December 1973Ancillary Activities— Consolidated O perating Statem ent for the year ended 31 December 1973The Australian N ational University Press—O perating Statem ent for the year ended 31 December 1973Centre for Continuing Education—O perating Statem ent for the year ended 31 December 1973Housing O peration— O perating Statem ent for the year ended 31 December 1973

In my opinion the abovem entioned statements show fairly the financial operations for the year ended 31 Decem ber 1973 and the state of the affairs of The A ustralian National University as at that date.

Yours faithfully,

(Sgd.) D. R. Steele Graik

(D. R. Steele Craik)A uditor-General

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