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Glossary from Bright’s Anglo-Saxon ReaderClick here for more Indo-European language re-
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Page 241Aa (o, oo) adv aye, ever, alwaysæ f law
ds æ[Ger Ehe]
abbod m abbotgs abbodes[Lat abbatem]
abbudisse f abbessgs abbudissan[Lat abbetissa]
a-beodan (principal parts: pret sg: -bead pret pl:-budon pp: -boden ) 2 enjoin, announcea-beran (principal parts: pret sg: -bær pret pl:-bæron pp: -boren ) 4 bear, endurea-bıdan (principal parts: pret sg: -bad pret pl: -bidon pp: -biden ) 1 abide, remaina-bisgian (-bysgian) WII engage, occupy
pp abisgod, -ad[bysig]
a-bisgung f occupationablenden WI make blind, darken
pp ablendpl ablende[Ger blenden]
a-blinnan (principal parts: pret sg: -blann pret pl:-blunnon pp: -blunnen ) 3 cease
3 sg ablinD[<be-linnan cf. lıDe]
abrecan (principal parts: pret sg: -bræc pret pl:-bræcon pp: -brocen ) 4 break down, destroya-bregdan (principal parts: pret sg: -brægd pretpl: -brugdon pp: -brogden ) 3
smite (intr)withdraw (trans)imp 2 sg abregd
a-breoDan (principal parts: pret sg: -breaD pretpl: -bruDon pp: -broDen ) 2 frustrate, ruin (trans)
imp 2 sg abregda-bywan WI prepare, equip, adorn
pp pl abywde[buan]
ac (ah) conj butacennan WI beget, bring forth
pp acenned
sg acendanpl acende
Achaia f Achaiaa-colian WII become cool
pp acoladPage 242acsian (ahsian, axian, ascian) WII ask
1 sg acsige2 sg ahsast3 sg ascaD1 pl acsiaD, ahsiaDpret 3 sg axode, ahsode3 pl axodon, acsedon
a-cweccan WI shake (trans and intr)pret 3 sg acwehte
a-cwelan (principal parts: pret sg: -cwæl pret pl:-cwælon pp: -cwolen ) 4 die
pret opt 3 sg acwælea-cwellan WI kill
imp 2 sg acwel2 pl acwellaDpret 3 sg acwældepp acweald[cwelan]
a-cweDan (principal parts: pret sg: -cwæD pret pl:-cwædon pp: -cweden ) 5 speak
3 sg acwiDa-cyþan WI reveal, proclaim [cuD]ad m fire, funeral pile
ds adeas adis ade[OHG eit, Gr ai)=qos]
ad-leg m flame of the pyrea-dılegian (-dylegian) WII blot out, obliterate
pret 3 sg adılegodepp pl -dylegode[Ger tilgen]
adl f (n) diseasegs adleap adla
adlig adj diseased, sickn adliga
a-dræfan WI drive away, expelpret 3 sg adræfdepl -don
ædre adv forthwith, quicklya-dreogan (principal parts: pret sg: -dreah pretpl: -drugon pp: -drogen ) 2 endure, experience,practice
1
a-drıfan (principal parts: pret sg: -draf pret pl:-drifon pp: -drifen ) 1 drive away
3 sg adrıfDpp pl adrifene
a-dwæscan WI quench, extinguishpret 3 sg adwæscte
a-dydan WI put to deathpret 3 sg adydd[dead]
a-dylegian see: a-dılegiana-ebbian WII ebb away, recede
pp ahebbadafandian WII make trial of, experience
pp sg afandodea-faran (principal parts: pret sg: -for pret pl: -foron pp: -faren ) 6 go, marcha-færan WI make afraid, terrify
pp afæredæ-fæstnes f piety
ds æfestnissea-feallan (principal parts: pret sg: -feoll pret pl:-feollon pp: -feallen ) R fall
ptc afeallende3 sg afielDopt 3 sg afealle
a-fedan WI feed, sustain3 sg afedeDpret 3 sg afedde
æfen n eveningds æfenne
æfen-giefl n evening repast, supperæfest (æfst) f n disfavor, envy, malice [æf-est,OHG abunst]æ-fest see: æw-fæstæ-festnes see: æ-fæstnesPage 243a-fleon (principal parts: pret sg: -fleah pret pl: -flugon pp: -flogen ) 2
fly (intr)fly from (trans)3 sg aflyhD
a-flıgan WI put to flightpret 2 pl aflıgdonpp pl aflıgdonpp pl aflıgde[fleon]
a-flyman WI cause to flee, drive outpret 3 sg aflymde[fleam]
a-forhtian WII frighten
pp pl aforhtodeæfre adv everæftan adv from behind, behindæfter prep (w dat)
after (time and place)æfter Dissum after this (adv)æfter Dæm thereafter (adv)along (place)according toadv afterwards
æfter-fyligan WIII follow afterptc pl -fyligende (w dat)ds -fylgende, successoropt 3 sg -fylige (intr)
æfter-genga m successornp -gengan
a-fyllan WI fill: infpp afylled[full]
a-fyllan WI cause to fall, destroy [feallan]a-fyrhtan WI frighten
pp (adj) pl afyrhtea-fyrran WI remove, take away
3 sg afyrD, afyrreþopt 3 sg afyrrepp afyrred[feorr]
a-fysan WIhasten forth (intr)incite to go (trans)pp afysed[fus]
æg n eggds æge
agan PP possessger agenne1 sg ah3 sgopt 3 sg agepret 3 sg ahte[Mod own]
a-gan -eode -gan gopp pl agane
agen see: ongeanagen (pp) adj own
ds agnumas agen, agennegp agenra[agan]
2
a-geotan (principal parts: pret sg: -geat pret pl:-guton pp: -goten ) 2 pour, shed
ptc ageotende[Ger giessen]
a-getan WI injure, kill: pp ageteda-gifan (-giefan -gyfan) (principal parts: pret sg:-geaf pret pl: -geafon pp: -gifen ) 5 give, relinquish,return
pret 3 sg agefpret opt 3 pl ageafen
æg-hwa pron each, everygs æghwæs, adv, in every respect, entirely
æg-hwær adv everywhereæg-hwæDer (ægDer, aDer)
pron, each (one of two or more)ns ægDergs ægDresds ægDrumas ægþerneconjæg-hwæþer ge ... ge both ... andægDer ge ... ge both ... andaDer oDDe oDDe either ... or
Page 244æg-hwilc pron eachæg-hwonan adv from all sides, on all sidesaglæca (æglæca) m monster, fiend
np aglæcan[Goth aglaiti]
agnian WII possess, assume as one’s own3 pl agniaD[agen]
ægDer see: æg-hwæDera-gyldan (-gieldan) (principal parts: pret sg: -geald pret pl: -guldon pp: -golden ) 3
repay, requitepunish
a-gyltan WI offend, sinopt 3 pl agyltenpret 1 pl agyltonpp agylt
ah (ac) conj buta-hebbad see: a-ebbiana-hebban (principal parts: pret sg: -hof pret pl:-hofon pp: -hafen ) 6 heave, life, raise, exalt
2 pl ahebbeimp 2 pl ahebbaDopt 3 pl ahebban
a-hon (principal parts: pret sg: -heng pret pl: -hengon pp: -hangen ) R hang (trans)
imp 2 sg ahohpret 2 sg ahenge
a-hreddan WI save, deliver, rescueger ahredenne1 sg ahreddeopt 3 sg ahreddepret 3 sg ahredde3 pl -don
a-hreosan (principal parts: pret sg: -hreas pret pl:-hruron pp: -hroren ) 2 fall
opt 3 sg ahreoseahsian see: acsianæht f possession, property
ap æhta[agan]
æht-ge-streon n possession, richesa-hydan WI hide
pp ahydeda-ıdligan WI profanea-lædan WI
lead, conduct3 sg alædeD; alætimp 2 sg alædpp alæddnp alæddeproceed, growpret opt 3 sg alæde
ælan WI trans and intrans kindle, burn3 sg æleDpp æled
ælc pron subst and adj each, anygs ælcesds ælcum; ælcon; ælcereas ælcis ælce
ælde (ielde, ylde) m pl mengp ælda[eald]
aldor see: ealdoraldor-monn (ealdor-) m chief, magistrate
gs -monnesnp -men
a-lecgan WI lay down, allay, overcome, refute3 pl alecgaDpret 3 sg alede3 pl aledonpp aled[licgan]
Page 245æled m fire
3
a-lefan see: a-lyfana-leogan (principal parts: pret sg: -leah pret pl:-lugon pp: -logen ) 2 lie, deny (w dat of pers andacc of thing)
3 sg alıhDæl-fremed see: el-fremedæl-gylden adj of pure gold
ap -gyldeneall see: eallælmes-georn adj liberal of alms, charitable
np -georneælmesse f alms
ds almyssanas ælmessan[(Gr) Lat eleemosyna]
æl-mihtig adj almightyns [???] ælmehtigags ælmehtigands ælmihtegum
æl-þeodig see: el-þeodigæl-þeodisc see: el-þeodisca-lybban WIII livealyfan (-lefan) WI allow, permit, grant (w dat ofpers and acc of thing)
pp alyfed, alefeda-lysan WI loosen, release, ransom
pret 3 sg alysde, alesdepp pl alysede
amang see: on-ge-mongambor m measure
gp ambra[Ger Eimer]
ambyre adj favorableas ambyrne[<and-byre]
a-merian WI free from dross, purify, refinepp pl amerede
a-metan 5 measure, estimatea-myrran WI mar, destroy, hinder
pret 3 sg amyrdean see: unnanan num adj
one, certain one (indef art), a, anns ands anum, anre [???]as ænne, anne, angp anraon an right on, continuouslyanra gehwæs of each onealone
ns anaas anneap ana, anþæt an only that
an-be-stingan 3 thrust in, insertpp pl -stungnan
an-bıdan see: on-bıdanand (ond) conj andanda m zeal, indignation, malice, injury
ds andan[Ger ahnden]
and-bidian WII waitpret opt 1 sg -bidode
an-defn f fitting amount, proportionds andefne[dafenian]
andetnis f confessionas -nysse
andettan (ondettan) WI confess, acknowledgeptc ondettendesg andette, ondetteimp andettaD[and-hatan]
and-fenge adj acceptable [fon]and-giet (-git) n intelligence, reason, sense,meaning
gs andgitesds andgieteas andgit, ondgit
Page 246and-gitfull adj intelligentand-gitfullıce adv intelligibly
supl -gitfullıcostand-lang adj continuous, entire
as -langneand-leofen f living, food, sustenance
ds -leofnean-dræden see: on-drædenAndred m the ’Weald’ (the great forest in Kentand Sussex)and-swarian see: ond-swarianand-swaru (ond-) f answer
as -swareand-weard adj present
gs andweardands -werdandp -werdum, ondweardum
and-wlita m countenance, appearancegs -wlitan[wlıtan; Ger Antlitz]
4
and-wyrdan WI answerpret 1 sg andwyrde
an-faldnes adj unity, simplicitygs -nesse
an-feald adj one-fold, single, unmixed, superiords an-fealdan
an-fealdlıche adv in the singular numberan-for-lætan (principal parts: pret sg: -let pretpl: -leton pp: -læten ) R leave, abandon
1 pl -aþpret opt 3 sg anforlete
Angel n Anglen (Denmark)ds Angle
Angel-cynne (Ongel) n Angle kin, English peo-ple, England
ds -cynneas -cynn, -cyn, Ongelcyn
an-ge-weald (=an-weald) power, dominionan-ginn see: on-ginnAngle m pl the Angles, Anglicans, Englishan-grıslıc adj grisly, hideous, horriblean-grysenlıce (-grısenlıce) adv hideouslyan-haga (-hoga) m solitary, recluse, wanderer
as anhagananhangen see: on-honanig adj onlyænig pron adj any
ds ænegumas ænig, ænigne
an-lıc see: on-lıcæn-lıc adj unique, peerless, excellentan-lıcnes see: on-lıcnesan-lıpig (æn-lıpig an-lepe) adj single, individual
as an-lepnenp ælıpige
an-medla (on-) m arrogancenp -medlan[mod]
an-modlıce adv unanimouslyan-modnes f unanimity
as -nessean-nis f unity
as -nyssean-ræd (on-) adj resolutePage 247an-rædnis f constancy
ds -nyssean-settan WI put upon, imposean-streces (gen) adv continuouslyan-sund see: on-sund
an-sundnis see: on-sundnisan-syn see: on-sıenAnte-cryst m Antichrist
gs -crystedan-Dræce see: on-Dræcean-weald see: on-wealdapostol m apostle
gs apostolesds apostoleas apostolnp apostolıgp apostolaap apostolas
apostolıc adj apostolicds -lıcanas -lıce
æppel m applegs æplesas æppel
æpplian WII make into the form of apples, embosspp sg æpplede
Apulder m Appledoreds Apuldre
ar mhonor, favor, mercygs areproperty, possessionsas are[Ger Ehre]
ar m messengergs ares[Goth airus]
ar f oargp ara
ær comp adj former, precedingap ærransupl ns æreste
ærcomp adv earlier, formerly, beforecomp ærorsupl ærestconj ere, before that (usually followed by the opt)3 prep (w dat) before (time)
a-ræd adj inexorablea-rædan WI reada-ræfnan (-refnan) WI perform, endure
imp 2 sg aræfn, arefnapret 1 sg aræfnede
a-ræfnian WII endure1 sg aræfnie
5
a-ræman WI arisepret 3 sg aræmde
a-ræran WI raise, erect, buildptc arærende2 sg arærstopt 3 sg arærepret 3 sg arærde3 pl -don[rısan]
ærce-bisceop (arce-) m archbishopds -biscepe
ær-dæg m former daya-reccean WI expound, translate, recount
inf areccana-redian WII arrange
3 sg aredaDæren adj made of brass, brazen
as ærneap ærenan[ar, Goth ais]
ærende n errand, messageærend-fæst adj bound on an errandærend-ge-writ n message, letter
as arend-Page 248ærend-raca (-wreca) m messenger
ds -racandp -wrecum
ar-fæst honorable, virtuous, mercifulns -fæsta
ar-fæastnis f virtueds -nisse
ar-hwæt adj eager for glorynp -hwate
arian WIIhonor, show favor3 sg araDdesist, ceaseimp 2 sg ara
a-rısan (principal parts: pret sg: -ras pret pl: -rison pp: -risen ) 1 arise
3 sg arıseþimp 2 sg arıs2 pl arısaDopt 2 sg arıse2 pl arıson
ærıst m f n resurrectiongs ærıstesas ærıste
ar-leas adj dishonorable, wicked
ds -leasrenp -leasan
arn see: yrnanærnan WI cause to run; ride, gallop
3 pl ærnaDpret 3 pl ærndon[yrnan]
ærne-merigen m early morningarodlıce adv quickly, vigourouslyær-wacol adj early awakear-wurD (-weorD) worthy of honor, venerable
as awurDnear-wurDian (-weorDian) WII honor
pret 3 sg arwurDnear-wurDlıce adv honorable, reverentiallyar-wurDnis f reverence, honor
ds -nysseæs n food, prey, carrion
gs æses[Ger Aas]
a-sawan R sowpp asawen
æsc mash, speargp ascaboat, ship (of Danish ships)ap æscas
asce (axe) f ashesa-sceacan (principal parts: pret sg: -scoc,-sceocpret pl: -scocon,-sceocon pp: -sceacen ) 6 shake
ptc asceacende3 sg ascæceDpret 3 sg asceoc
æsc-here m (ash-) spear-army, ship-armyæsc-holt n spear-shaftascian see: acsiana-scınan (principal parts: pret sg: -scan pret pl:-scinon pp: -scinen ) 1 shinea-scufan (principal parts: pret sg: -sceaf pret pl:-scufon pp: -scofen ) 2 shove, pusha-scyran WI make clear, transparent
pp ascyred[scır]
a-secgan WIII say, relatepret 3 pl asædon
a-sendan WI sendpret 2 sg asendest3 sg asendepp asend
a-settan WI set, place, transport oneself, go
6
opt 3 sg asettepret 3 pl asettanpp asett[sittan]
Page 249a-singan 3 sing
pret 3 sg asonga-sittan (principal parts: pret sg: -sæt pret pl: -sæton pp: -seten ) 5 sit fast, ground (of ships)a-slean 6 strike, cut off
pp aslagena-smiþan WII forge, work
pp asmiþoda-spendan WI spend, expend
pret 3 sg aspendepp aspended
æ-spring n spring of water, fountainds æspringe
a-springan 3 spring up, spreadpret 3 sg asprang3 pl asprungen
a-standan 6 stand3 pl astandaþ
æstel m book-mark [Lat hastula]a-stellan WI set up, restore, establish
3 sg astelleDpret 3 asg astealde
a-sterian see: a-styriana-stıgan (principal parts: pret sg: -stag,-stah pretpl: -stigon pp: -stigen ) 1 ascend, mount (transand intr), spring up, enter or leave a ship, go
3 sg astıhDimp 2 sg astıg2 pl astıgaDpret 3 sg astag, astah
a-stingan 3 piercepret 3 pl astungon
a-streccan WI stretch, extend, prostrateopt 3 sg astreccepret 3 sg astrehtepp astreht
a-styrian (-sterian) WI stir, agitate, move(trans)
3 sg astereDpp pl asterede, astyrode (W II)
a-sundrian WII separate (trans)pp asundradpl asyndrode
a-sundron (-sundran) adv asunder, apart, pri-vately
a-swebban WI put to sleep, quietpp aswefedpl -ede[swefan]
a-syndrode see: a-sundrianæt pret w dat
at, in (time, place, circumstance)of, from (w verbs of asking, receiving, taking,
buying)æt m f
anything to be eaten, foodgs ætesthe act of eatingds æte[etan]
æt-bregdan (principal parts: pret sg: -brægd,-bræd pret pl: -brugdon,-brudon pp: -brogden,-broden ) 3 take away, deprive, release
pret 3 sg ætbrædpp ætbrodenpl -brodene
æt-eawed see: æt-eowiana-tellan WI tell, relate
pret 3 pl atealdona-teon (principal parts: pret sg: -teah pret pl: -tugon pp: -togen ) 2 draw
3 sg atyhDopt 3 sg ateopres opt 3 sg atuge
a-teorian WII become exhausted, failpp ateorod
æt-eowian WII appear (intr), show, manifest(trans)
ger æteowennepret 1 sg æteowde3 sg æteowodepp æteawedpl æteowde, æteowode[Goth at-augjan]
Page 250æt-foran prep (w dat) beforeæt-gædere adv togetheræt-lutian WII lurk out of sight, hide
pret 3 sg -lutode[cf Mod loiter]
a-tredan 5 treadpret 3 sg atræd
æt-somne adv togetheræt-standan 6 stand, remain
pret 3 sg ætstod
7
attor (ator) n poisonis atre[Ger Eiter]
attor-bære adj poisonousas -bæran
ættren (ætren) adj poisonousns ætterneap ættrynne
æt-wıtan (oD) (principal parts: pret sg: -wat pretpl: -witon pp: -witen ) 1 twit, reproach (w dat) [cf.ed-wıt]æt-ywan (-ıwan) WI cf. æt-eowian appear (intr),show, manifest (trans)
3 sg ætyweDimp 2 sg ætywpret 3 sg ætywde, atıwde
aD m oathap aDas[Ger Eid]
æDel-boren (pp) adj of noble birthds -borenre
æDel-borennis f nobleness of birthas -nysse
æDele adj noble, excellentds æDelumas æDelanap æDelesupl ns æDelast[Ger edel]
æDele adv noblyæDeling m noble, prince
gs æDelingesæDellıce adv noblyæþelnes f nobilityæþelo f nobilityæDel-stenc m excellent fragrance
gp -stencaæDel-tungol n m noble star
gp -tunglaa-þenian WII; S 400 n 2 stretch out
pret 3 sg aþende[Ger dehnen]
aDer see: æg-hwæDera-Dindan (principal parts: pret sg: -Dond pret pl:-Dundon pp: -Dunden ) 3 swell, puff upa-Dıstrian WII become dark, obscured
3 pl aDıstriaDpp pl aDıstrode[Deostru]
Aþulfing (= Æþelwulfing) m son of Æthelwulf
a-þwean 6 washpret 3 sg aþwoh
æw see: æa-wæcnan S 392 n 1 awake (intr)
pret 3 sg awoca-wægan WI annula-weccan WI awake, arouse, incite
opt 3 sg aweccepret 3 sg aweahtepret opt 3 sg awehte3 pl awehtonpp aweaht, awrehtpl awehte
a-wedan WI ragepret 3 sg awedde[wod]
a-weg see: wegPage 251a-wegan 5 carrya-wendan WI turn, direct, change, translate
pret 1 sg awendepp awend
a-weorpan (-wurpan) (principal parts: pret sg:-wearp pret pl: -wurpon pp: -worpen ) 3 cast, over-throw, rejecta-westan WI lay waste, destroy
pp pl awesteæw-fæst (æ-fæst) adj law-observing, pious
ns æwfasD, æfestap æfestesupl np æwfæstoste
a-wiht pron aught, anythingæwisc-mod adj ashamed, abashed
np -mode[Goth aiwiski]
a-woc see: a-wæcnana-wreht see: a-weccana-wrıtan (principal parts: pret sg: -wrat pret pl:-writon pp: -writen ) 1 write, compose
1 sg awrıtepp pl awritene
a-wunian WII abide, continuea-wyrdan WI destroy
opt 3 sg awyrdea-wyrgan WI curse
pp pl awyrigedan[wearg]
axian see: asciana-ydlian WII annul
pp pl aydlode
8
[ıdel]Bbæc n back
as under bæc backwardsofer bæc backwards
bæc-bord n left side of a ship, larboard [Ger Back-bord, Fr babord]bæl n fire, funeral pyre
gs bælesis bæleas bæl[ON bal]
bæl-fyr n bale-fire, funeral or sacrificial firebæl-þracu f violence of fire
ds -þræcebam see: begenban n bone
ds baneas bannp ban
bana m murdererds banan[Mod bane]
ban-fæt n (bone-vessel) bodyap -fatu
bær f bieras bære[beran]
Bardan-ıg f Bardney (Lincolnshire)bærnan WI burn (trans)Basingas pl m Basing (Hants)
dp -engumbasu adj purple (crimson)bætan WI bridlebæD n bath, fontbaþian WII bathebe (bı, big) prep w dat inst; adv
(nearness) by, near, along, onbe easten w dat east ofbe westan w dat west ofbe norþan w dat north of(metaph. proximity) by, with, according to, con-
cerningbı wrıte copybe þam by thatby þy by thatbe fullan fully, perfectlybe Dam concerning thisbı Dys ilcan
Page 252
beacen n beacon (the sun)gs beacnes
beacnian WII typify, indicate, show3 sg beacnaD
beadu f battleds beaduwe[ON boD boDvar]
beadu-cræftig adj valiantbeadu-ræs m rush of battle, onslaughtbeadu-weorc n work of battle
gp -weorcabe-æftan (bæftan) prep adv (w dat) behindbeag (beah) m ring, bracelet, collar, crown
ap beagas[bugan]
beah-gifa (beag-) m ring-giver, lord, kingds -gifan
bealcettan WI belch, send forth, utterpret 3 sg -ette
beald (bald) adj boldns (null) (w gen)
bealdlıce (bald-) adv boldlysupl baldlıcost
bealo (bealu) n bale, evil, mischiefgs bealwes
bealo-sorg f baleful sorrowas -sorge
beam m treeds beameas beamnp beamasgp beama
Beam-fleot m Benfleet (Essex)ds -fleote
bearn n child, sonap bearn[beran]
bearo m grove, woodds bearweas bearonp bearwasgp bearwa
beatan (principal parts: pret sg: beot pret pl:beoton pp: beaten ) R beat
ptc beatendebe-baDian (bi-) WII bathe
3 sg bibaDaDBebban-burg f Bamborough (Northumbria)
ds byrig
9
be-beodan (principal parts: pret sg: -bead pret pl:-budon pp: -boden ) 2
command, bid (w dat)1 sg -bıodeoffer, commit, entrustptc bebeodende
be-bod n commandas bebodgp -bodaap -bodu, -boda[beodan]
be-byrgan WI buryger -byrgenne3 sg byrgeDpp -byrged
Page 253be-ceapian WII sellbe-cierran (-cirran -cyrran) WI turn (trans)
pp -cieredbe-clyppan (bi-) WI embrace, seize
3 sg biclyppeD[Mod clip]
be-clysan WI inclose, shut in, imprisonpp beclysedpl -clysde[cluse; Lat clausus]
be-cuman 4 come, arrive3 sg -cymD3 pl -cumaDopt 3 sg -cumepret 3 sg cwom, com2 pl -comonpret opt 3 sg -come
be-dælan (bi-) (null) separate, deprive ofpp bidæled (w inst)
bedd n bedds bedde
be-dıglian (-dyglian -deglian) WII obscure, be-dim, conceal, keep secret
pp -dıgled, -dyglod, -deglad[dıgol]
be-ebbian WII leave aground by the ebb, strandpp pl beebbade
be-fæstan WI fasten, fix, put in safe keeping, en-trust
opt 2 sg -fæstepret 3 sg -fæste3 pl -onpp befæst
be-feallan R fall
opt 2 sg -feallebe-feolan 3 apply oneself (w dat) [Ger befehlen]be-fon (bi-) R surround, envelop, clothe, cover
imp 2 sg -fohpp -fangenpl -fongne, bifongen
be-foran prep (w dat) beforebe-foran adv beforebe-fran see: be-frignanbe-frignan 3 ask
pret 3 sg befranbe-gan irreg
practice, perform, serve, occupy oneself withopt 3 sg bega (w reflex acc)pret 1 sg beeodepl -eodon, -eodan3 pl bieodonsurround
be-gang m undertaking, businessbegen (beggen) num adj both
hı buhıe butugyt butuunc bam
be-geondan (-giondan) prep (w dat) beyondbe-gietan (-gitan, -gytan) 5 get, obtain, find
pret 2 pl -geaton, -getonbe-ginnan 3 begin
pret 3 sg begannpp begunnen
Page 254be-gyrdan WI begird, surround
pp begyrddbe-hat n promise
ds -hateap -hat
be-hatan R promise3 sg -hæt
be-healdan (bi-) Rhold, occupy, guard, protect3 sg bi-healdeDbehold, look, observeinf bi-imp 2 sg behealdpret 3 sg -heold3 pl -on
be-helan (bi-) 4 concealpp sg biholene[Ger hehlen]
be-heonan (-hionan) prep (w dat) on this side of
10
be-hindan adv behindbe-hindan prep (w dat) behindbe-hofian WII behoove, require
pret 3 pl -hofedonbe-hreosan (bi-) (principal parts: pret sg: -hreaspret pl: -hruron pp: -hroren ) 2 (fall upon) cover
pp pl bihrorenebe-hreowsian WII rue, repent of
1 pl hreowsiaDbe-hreowsung f repentance
gs -ungebe-hwyrfan WI change, convert
pret 3 pl -hwyrfdonpp -hwyrfed
be-hydan (bi-) hide, concealpp -hydd, bihydedsg bihydde
be-limpan 3 concern, pertain, belong (intr)3 sg -limpD, -limpeDpret 3 pl -lumpon
be-lucan 2 lock, lock up, shut inimp 2 pl -lucaDpp -locen
ben f prayer, petitiongs benenp benaap bena[cf Mod boon]
benc f benchds bence
bend m f n bond, fetterbe-niman (bi-) 4 rob, deprive of (w acc of persand gen or inst of thing)
3 sg -nimDpret 3 sg -nampp pl -numene
benn f woundnp benna[bana]
beodan (principal parts: pret sg: bead pret pl:budon pp: boden ) 2 offer, announce, command
3 sg beodeDbeon (bıon, wesan) irreg be, exist, become
ger beonne, bıonne2 sg byst, bist3 sg biD1 pl beo we3 pl beoD, bıoDimp 2 sg beo2 pl beoD
opt 3 sg beo, bıo2 pl beo ge3 pl bıon1 sg eom2 sg eart3 sg is, ys3 pl synd, synt, sindon, siendon, syndonopt 3 sg sıe, sy, sig3 pl sıen, sın, synneg 3 sg nis (<ne is), nys3 sg weseDimp 2 sg wespret 3 sg wæs, wes3 pl wæren, wærun, wæranpret opt 3 sg wæreneg pret 3 sg næs (<ne wæs)neg 3 pl næronneg pret opt 3 sg næreneg 3 pl næronneg pret opt 3 sg næreneg 3 pl næren
Page 255beorg (beorh) m hill, mountain
np beorgasgp beorga
beorgan (byrgan) WI taste, partake of3 sg beorgeD
beorgan (principal parts: pret sg: bearg pret pl:burgon pp: borgen ) 3 protect, preserve (w dat)[Ger bergen]beorh-stede m moundbeorht (biorht) adj bright, shining, glorious
ds beorhtreis beorhtannp beorhtesupl ns beorhtast
beorhte (biorhte) adv brightlybeorhtnis f brightness
ns -nysds -nysse
Beormas m pl Permiansbeorn m man, retainer, hero, chief
gs beornesds beornenp beornas
beornan (born barn) (principal parts: pret sg:bearn pret pl: burnon pp: bornen ) 3 burn (intr)
3 sg byrneDbeot (<*bı-hat) n boast
as beot
11
ap beoton beot boastfully
beotian WII boastpret 3 sg beotode
be-pæcan WI deceive, enticepp bepæht[facen]
beran (principal parts: pret sg: bær pret pl: bæ-ron pp: boren ) 4 bear
ger beranne2 sg byrst3 sg byrD, bereD, biereDimp 2 pl beraDopt 3 sg bere
be-reafian WII bereave, rob, despoil, dispossess(w acc of pers and gen of thing)
3 sg -reafaDberen adj of a bear
as berenne, berenbe-rıdan 1 pursue, surround, overtake
pret 3 sg -radbe-rowan R row past or round (trans)berstan (principal parts: pret sg: bærst pret pl:burston pp: borsten ) 3 burstbe-rypan WI despoil of, plunder (w acc of persand gen of thing)
3 sg berypDbescufan 2 shove, pushbe-seon (-sıon) 5 see, look (intr)
pret 3 sg -seahopt 3 sg besıo (w reflex acc)pret opt 3 sg besawe
be-settan (bi-) WI beset, occupy, surround,adorn
3 sg biseteDpp -seted, bi-
Page 256be-sittan (principal parts: pret sg: -sæt pret pl:-sæton pp: -seten ) 5 besiegebe-slean 6 strike, cut off, deprive
pp beslægenbe-smitennis f defilement
as -nyssebe-standan 6 stand round, surround, beset
3 pl -standaDpret 3 pl -stodon
be-swıcan (bi-) (principal parts: pret sg: -swacpret pl: -swicon pp: -swicen ) 1 deceive, betray,offend, overcome
3 sg besuıcD
pret 3 sg bi-pp pl beswicene
be-swıcian WII evade, escapepp sg beswıcade
be-tæcan WI commit, commend, entrust1 sg -tæcepret 3 sg -tæhte
betan WI amend [bot]be-teldan (bi-) (principal parts: pret sg: tealdpret pl: tuldon pp: tolden ) 3 cover, hem in, sur-round
3 sg biteldeD3 pl -teldaDpp bitolden[cf Mod tilt; Ger Zelt]
betera see: godbe-tweoh (-twih -twuh -tuh -tweohx -twux-tux) prep (w dat) between, among
betwux Disum meanwhilebe-tweonum (-tweonon -twynum -twynan)prep (w dat) between, amongbe-tynan (bi-) WI close, end, enclose, imprison
pret 3 sg -tynde3 pl -onpp betyned, bityned[tun]
be-þeccan (bi-) WI coverpp pl beþeahte, bi-[Ger decken]
be-þingan (bi-) 3 beset, encirclepp biþrungen[Ger dringen]
be-urne see: be-yrnanbe-wawan (principal parts: pret sg: -weow pretpl: -weowon pp: -wawen ) R blow upon
pp pl biwaune[Ger wehen]
be-weaxan (bi-) R over-growpp -weaxen, bi-
be-wepan R weep over, bewailbe-windan (bi-) 3 encircle, surround
pp biwundenbe-witan PP oversee, have charge of, administer
pret 3 sg bewistebe-witigan (-witian) WII observebe-wlıtan 1 look
pret 3 sg -wlatbe-yrnan (principal parts: pret sg: -arn pret pl:-urnon pp: -urnen ) 3 run
pret 2 sg beurne
12
bi-, bı see: be-, bebıdan (principal parts: pret sg: bad pret pl: bidonpp: biden ) 1
abide, remain3 sg bıdeþawait, expect (w gen)
biddan (byddan) (principal parts: pret sg: bædpret pl: bædon pp: beden ) 5 ask, request (acc ofpers and gen of thing)
ptc biddende3 pl biddaþimp 2 pl biddaDopt 3 sg biddepret 2 sg bædepret opt 3 sg bæde
Page 257bi-dreosan (principal parts: pret sg: -dreas pretpl: -druron pp: -droren ) 2 (cause to fall away)deprive (w instr)
pp pl bi-drorene[cf Mod dross, dreary]
bifian (beofian) WII waver, trembleptc pl bifigendanpret 3 pl bifedon[Ger beben]
big- see: bı-bıgan (bıegan bygan) WI bend
3 sg bıgeD[bugan]
bı-genga m inhabitantbı-gong (bı-gang big-geng) m worship
gs bıgongesds bıgange
bı-leofa (big-) m sustenance, foodns bigleofads bigleofan[libban]
bile-wit (bil-) adj innocent, pure, simpleds -witre[cf Ger billig]
bile-witnes f innocence, puritygs -nesse, -nysse
bill n swordas billis bille[Ger bille]
bill-gesliht n clashing of swordsgs -geslihtes
bindan (principal parts: pret sg: bond pret pl:bundon pp: bunden ) 3 bind
3 pl bindaDopt 3 sg bindepret 3 sg band
binnan (binnon) prep adv (w dat) within (timeand place)
adv binnanbisceop (biscop biscep) m bishop
gs bisceopesds biscepeas bisceopnp biscepasap bisceopas[Lat episcopus]
bisceop-seDl (-setl) n episcopal residenceas biscop-
bisceop-stol m episcopal seat, bishopricds -stole, biscepstoleas -stol
bismer (bismor bysmer) n m mockery, derision,insult
ds bismrebismerian WII mock, deride
ptc bismriendebi-sorgian WII care for, fear
3 sg bisorgaDbı-spell (big-) n parable, example, proverb
ds bigspelleas -spell, big-ap bigspell[Ger Beispiel]
biter (bitter) adj bitter, severe, disastrous, fierceas biterneap biteresupl as bitterestan
biternes f bitterness, griefds -nesse
bı-wist (big-) f sustenanceas bigwiste[wesan]
bi-wreon (principal parts: pret sg: -wrah,-wreahpret pl: -wrigon,-wrugon pp: wrigen,wrogen ) 1cover, enwrap
pret 3 sg biwrahPage 258blac adj shining, bright [blıcan]blacung f turning pale, pallor
ds blacungeblæde (bled) f blossom, fruit
gs bledenp blede
13
dp bledumap bleda[blowan]
blæd m blast, breath, inspiration, prosperity,riches, glory, honor
as blæd[blawan]
blæd-dæg m prosperous daygp -daga
blanden-feax adj grizzly-haired [blondan]blæst m blaze, flameblæstan WI blow (?)
pret 3 pl blæstonBlecinga-eg f Blekingenbled see: blædbleo-brygd n (?) combination of colors [bregdan;Mod blee]bletsian WII bless
1 sg bletsige[blod]
bletsung f blessingds -unge
blıcan (principal parts: pret sg: blac pret pl: bli-con pp: blicen ) 1 glitter, shine
3 sg blıceDopt 3 sg blıce[Mod blink; Ger bleichen]
blind adj blindns blindaas blindanap blynde
bliss f bliss, joygs blisseds blisse, blysseas blisse[<blıDs]
blissian (blissigan) WII rejoiceinf blissiganptc blissigendeds blissigendumpret 3 sg blissode
blıDe adj blithe, glad, friendlyds blıDumas blıDenp blıDecomp ns blıDra
blıDe-mod adj blithe of mood, friendlynp -mode
blod n bloodis blode
blodig adj bloodyas blodigne
blondan R blend, mix, minglepp geblanden, geblonden
blostma (blostm) m blossom, bloom, fruitnp blostman
blotan (principal parts: pret sg: bleot pret pl:bleoton pp: bloten ) R sacrificeblowan (principal parts: pret sg: bleow pret pl:bleowon pp: blowen ) R bloom, flourish
ptc blowendepp geblowen
boc f bookgs becds becas bocnp becgp bocadp bocumap bec
bocere m learned man, scholar, scribeap boceras
boclıc adj relating to booksboda m messenger [Ger Bote]bodian WII proclaim, announce, preach
ptc bodiende3 sg bodaDpret 3 sg bodadepp bodad
Page 259bodung f preaching
as -ungebog (boh) m (arm, shoulder) bough, branch
ap bogasboga m bow
np boganbolster m n bolster, pillow
ds bolstrebord n (board) shield
gs bordesas bordap bord
bord-weall m wall of shields, testudo, phalanxbosm m bosom
ds bosmebot f boot, advantage, reparation, remedy
ds boteas bote
brad adj broadcomp ns bradre, brædre
14
supl ns bradostbræd f (?) young bird (?) [bregdan]brædan WI extend, spread [brad]brastlian WII crackle
ptc dp brastligendum[Ger prasseln]
breahtm m noise, revelry, musicds breahtmegp breahtma[Ger Pracht]
brecan (principal parts: pret sg: bræc pret pl:bræcon pp: brocen ) 4 break, destroy, break forth
3 sg briceD3 pl brecaD
bregd n (?) trick, fraud, deceitgp bregda[bregdan]
bregdan (principal parts: pret sg: brægd,brædpret pl: brugdon,brudon pp: brogden,bregden ) 3
brandish, drawopt 2 pl bregde gepret 3 sg brædbraid, weavepp bregden, brogden
brego (breogo) m chief, leader, lord, kingas brego
brember m brambledp brembrum
brengan (cf bringan) WI bring3 sg brengDopt 3 sg brenge
breost n breastds breosteap breost
breost-cofa m breast-chamber, heart, mindds -cofan
breost-sefa m mind, heartBret-walas m pl the Britons of Walesbrice (bryce) m fragment
ap bricas[brecan]
bricg-weard (brycg) m bridge-guardap -weardas
bridd m young birdns bridgs briddes
brim n oceanap brimu
brim-cald (-ceald) adj ocean-coldbrim-fugol m sea-bird
ap -fuglasbrim-lıþend m sea-farer, pirate
gp -lıþendrabrim-monn m sea-man, pirate
np -mengp -mauna
bringan (cf brengan) WI bring3 sg bringD3 pl bringaDopt 3 sg bringepret 3 sg brohte3 pl brohton
Page 260broc n injury, affliction, disease
ds broceas broc[brecan]
brocian WII oppress, injure, afflict3 pl brociaD
brohte see: bringanbrond m brand, burning, fire
gs brondesbrosnian WII crumble, waste away, wither, decay
3 pl brosniaDpp gebrosnadpl -ode[cf Ger Brosam]
brosnung f decayds -unge
broDor (broDur) m brothergs broDords breDernp broDor, broDruap broDor
brucan (principal parts: pret sg: breac pret pl:brucon pp: brocen ) 2 brook, use, enjoy, possess(w gen)
3 sg brıcD3 pl brucaD
brun adj brownBrunan-burh f Brunanburh (Durham ?)brun-ecg adj brown edged (of a sword)bryeg (brieg) f bridge
as briegebryd f bride
as brydebryhtm m glance, twinkling [cf breahtm]bryne m burning, fire, flamebryne-gield n burnt offering, sacrifice
ds -gielde
15
as -gieldBryten f Britain
as Brytenebrytta m distributor, dispenser
gs bryttan[breotan]
Bryttas (Brittas) pl m Britonsbryttigan (bryttian) WII divide, shareBryttisc (Brittisc) adj British
ds Bryttiscumbu see: begenbuan (bugan) irreg
dwell (intr)3 pl bugeaDpret 3 sg budptc dp bugigendum inhabitantsoccupy, cultivate (trans)3 pl bugaDpp sg byne, bynum, gebun, gebud
bufon (bufan; < be-ufan) prep(w dat) above(w acc) on, upon
bugan (principal parts: pret sg: beag pret pl: bu-gon pp: bogen ) 2 bow, bend, turn
1 sg bugebune f cupBunne f Bononia, now Boulogne (France)
ds Bunnanbur m bower, chamber
as bur[buan]
burg (burh) f fort, borough, cityns burhgs byrigds byrigas burgap burga
Burgenda gp m Burgundians, Burgenda land,BornholmPage 261burg-leode (burh-) pl m burghers, citizens
dp burh-burg-ware (burh-) pl m inhabitants of a ’burg’,burghers, citizens
gp -waraap -ware
burna (burne, f) m bourn, stream, fountainds burnan
bur-þen (-þegn) m chamberlainds -þene
bute conj butbuton (butan) prep (w dat)
exceptwithoutoutside
buton (butan) conj(w opt) unless(w indic) except, except that, but only
buton adv outsideButting-tun m Buttington
ds -tunebutu se begenbycgan (bicgan) WI buy
imp 2 pl bicgaDbydel m beadle, proclaimer, herald, minister
gp bydelaap bydelas[beodan]
byden f measure, bushelds bydene[L L *butına < Gr butinh]
byldan WI encourageopt 3 sg byldepret 3 sg bylde[beald]
byme f trumpetgs bymannp byman
byne see: buanbyrde adj of high birth, rank
supl ns byrdestabyre m favorable opportunitybyre m child, son, descendant
np byre[beran]
byrgan WI taste, eatpret 3 pl byrgdon
byrgan WI buryger byrigenne
byrgen f grave, tombds byrgeneas byrgenne, byrgenenp byrgena
byrne f byrnie, corslet, coat of mailas byrnan[Ger Brunne]
byrn-sweord n flaming swordbyrn-wiga m mailed warriorbyrDen f burden
as byrDenne, byrDene
16
gp byrDennabysen (bısen) f example
ds bysene, bysneas bysenedp bısnum, bısenumap bısne[Goth -busns]
bysgian WII busy, occupy, disturb, oppresspp gebysgad
bysig adj busynp bysige
bysigo f business, concern, occupationdp bisgum
bysnian (bısnian) WII set an example for, in-struct by example
inf bısnian3 sg bısenaDpret 3 pl bysnodon
Page 262Ccaf adj bold, brave
as cafne[ON a-kafr]
caflıce adv boldlycamp m fight, battle
ds campe[Ger Kampf]
camp-stede m battle-fieldcandel (condel) f candle
ds condellecandel-stæf m (candle-staff) candlestickcanon m sacred canon
gs canones[Lat canon, Gr kanwn]
Cantwara-burg f Canterburyds -byrig
carc-ern (cearc-ern, cf cweart-ern) n prisongs carcernesds carcerneas carcern[Lat carcer + ærn]
car-full (cear-) adj carefulcarian (cearian) WII care, be concerned for
3 sg caraDcarte f chart, card (for writing upon)
as cartan[Lat charta]
casere m emperorgs caseres[Lat Caesar]
ceald (cald) adj coldas calddp caldum
ceallian WII callceap m cattle
gs ceapes[cf Mod cheap]
ceap-stow f market-placecearu (cearo, caru) f care
ns cearoas ceare
ceaster f fort, town, cityds ceastre[Lat castrum]
ceaster-ge-ware m (pl tant) citizennp -waran
cellod adj curved, hollow, embossed [Lat celatus]cempa m warrior
np cempangp cempena[camp]
cene adj keen, boldcomp ns cenre
cenlıce adv boldlycennan WI beget, bring forth
pp cennedCent f Kentceorl m (churl) freeman (of the common class),man
ds ceorlececsan (principal parts: pret sg: ceas pret pl:curon pp: coren ) 2 choose
3 pl ceosaDopt 1 sg ceose
cepan WI avail oneself of, take to (w gen)pret 3 sg cepte
cıdan WI chide, reproach (w dat)2 sg cıddesD (dial)pret 2 sg cıdde
cıgan (cıegan, cygan) WI cry out, callpret 3 sg cıgde, cygde1 pl cıgdon
cild n childgs cildesap cild
cild-had m childhoodds -hade
cirice (cyrice, cyrce) f churchns cyrcegs ciricean, cyrcan
17
cirlisc adj ’churlish’, rusticnp cirlisce[ceorl]
Page 263cirm see: cyrmcirr (cierr, cyrr) m turn, time, occasion
ds cirre[Mod char]
Cisse-ceaster f ’Cissa’s fort’, Chichesterds -ceastre
clam see: cleaclæne adj clean, pure
gs clænanas clæneap clæne
clæne adv entirelyclænnes f cleanness, purity, chastity
ds -nisseclænsung f cleansing, chasteningclaþ n cloth
ds claþeclea (cleo) f claw
dp clamcleofan (principal parts: pret sg: cleaf pret pl: clu-fon pp: clofen ) 2 cleave, split (trans)cleopian see: clipiancleowen n (clew), ball, globular mass
ds cleowne[Ger Kna]
clipian (clypian, cleopian) WIIcry out, exclaim3 sg clypaDpret 3 sg clypode, cleopodecry unto, implore (w dat)ptc dp clypigendumpl cleopiaDimp 2 sg clypa2 pl clypiaDpret 3 sg clipode[Mod obs clepe, yclept]
cludig adj rocky [cf Mod cloud]clypian see: clipianclyppan WI embrace, accept
opt 3 sg clyppe[Mod clip]
cnapa m boy, youthnp cnapangp cnapena[Ger Knabe]
cnearr m ship, galley
ns cnear[ON knorr]
cneo (cneow) n kneeap cneo, cneow
cneo-mæg m kinsmandp -magnum
cneoriss f generation, family, tribe, peopleas -isse
cniht m boy, youth, young warrior, knight, atten-dant, disciple
gs cnihtesas cnihtnp cnihtas, cnyhtas
cnyssan WI beat (trans)3 sg cnyseD3 pl cnyssaD[cf Ger Knorre]
colian WII cool3 sg colaþ
collen-ferD (-ferhD) adj proud-minded, fierce[*cwellan]Coln f the river Colne (Essex)
ds Colnecorn n corn, grain
gs cornesas corn
corDor n troop, flock, companygp corDra
costian (costigan, costnian) WII tempt try,prove
inf costigan (w gen)ger costianne, costiennepret 1 sg constnode (w gen)[Ger kosten]
costnian see: costiancostnung f temptationcoþu f diseasecræft m strength, might, virtue, craft, skill, art,pursuit, knowledge
ds cræfteas cræftgp cræftaap cræftas
Page 264cræftiga (cræftega) m craftsman, workman, ar-tificer
ns crætegacræt n cart, chariot
ds cræteCrecas (Creacas) m pl the Greeks
18
np Creacasgp Creca
creodon (crudan) (principal parts: pret sg: creadpret pl: crudon pp: croden ) 2 crowd, press, hasten
pret 3 sg creadcringan (principal parts: pret sg: -crong,-croncpret pl: -crungon,-cruncon pp: -crungen ) 3 cringe,yield, fall, dieCrıst m Christ
ns CrısD (dial)gs Crıstesds Crıste
crısten adj Christiannp crıstene, crıstena, crıstnangp crıstenra
crısten-dom m christianityds -domeymestas -dom
cucu see: cwiccumbol-gehnast (gehnad) n conflict of banners
gs -gehnastescum-pæder m godfather in his relation to the fa-ther [Lat compater]cuman (principal parts: pret sg: c(w)om pret pl:c(w)omon pp: cumen ) 4 come
ger cummannesg cymst, cymest3 sg cymD, cymeD3 pl cumaDopt 3 sg cume, cymeimp 2 sg cumpret 2 sg come3 sg cwom, cuom, compl comonpret opt3 sg comepp cumen
cunnen PP can, be able, know, understand (transand intr)
1 sg con2 sg canst3 sg can1 pl cunnon, cunnun3 pl cunnonopt 3 sg cunne3 pl cunnen, cunnan, cunnonpret 1 sg cuDe2 sg cuDest3 sg cuDepret opt 2 sg cyDe1 pl cuDon
3 pl cuDencunnian WII prove try, examine, experience (wacc or gen)
3 sg cunnaDpret 3 sg cunnode[cunnan]
cuD adj known, familiar, manifestas cuDegp cuDra[pp < cunnan; Ger kund]
cuDlic adj known, certaincomp as cuDlicre
cuDlice adv openly, clearly, certainlycwacian WII quake
ptc as cwacigendancwalu f killing, murder, death
ds cwale[cwelan]
Cwat-bryeg f Bridgenorth (Salop)ds -brycge
cwealm m n death, destruction, pestilenceds cwealmeas cwealm[Mod qualm]
Page 265cwealm-bære adj deadly
as -bærancweart-ern (cf carc-ern) n prison
ds cwarternecwelan (principal parts: pret sg: cwæl pret pl:cwælon pp: cwolen ) 4 diecwellan WI kill [cwelan; Mod quell]cwellere m executioner
np cwellerascweman WI please (w dat)
ger cwemanne[cuman]
cwen f queenCwenas m pl a tribe of the Fins
gp Cwenacweorn f quern, mill
as cweorne[Goth qairnus]
cweDan (principal parts: pret sg: cwæD pret pl:cwædon pp: cweden ) 5 say, speak
sg cweDe2 sg cwyst3 sg cwiD3 pl cwæDaD (for cweDaD)imp 2 sg cweD
19
pret 2 sg cwædepret opt 3 sg cwæde3 pl cwædengecueden named[Mod quoth]
cwic (cwicu, cucu) adj ’quick’, alivens cucuas cwicne, cwycnegp cwicra
cwic-susl (cwyc-) n hell-tormentgs cwycsuslesds -susle
cwide (cwyde) m saying, utteranceds cwydeas cuide[cweDan]
cwide-giedd n word, utterancegp -giedda
cwild (cwyld) m f n destruction, pestilence, mur-rain
ds cwilde[cwelan]
cwıþan WI bewail (trans)cwyc-susl see: cwic-suslcyf f vessel
as cyfe[Ger Kubel]
cyle (ciele) m chill, coldcyle-gicel m iciclecyme m coming
gs cymesds cymeas cyme[cuman]
cyne-dom m government, kingdomcyne-gold n regal gold, diadem, crowncyne-hlaford m royal lordcynelıc adj royal
ap -lıcecyne-rıce n kingdom
gs kynerıcesis -rıce
cyne-þrymm m kingly majestyas -þrym
cyng (cing) m kinggs cynges, cingesds cynge
cyning m kinggs cyningesds cyninge
as cyningnp cyningas, cynegasgp cyninga
Page 266cynn n kin, race, family, kind
gs cynnesds cynneas cynngp cinna
cype-cniht m boy for sale as a slaveap -cnihtas
cyp(e)-monn m chapman, merchantnp -men
cyrice, cyrce see: ciricecyrm (cierm, cirm) m cry, alarmcyrran (cierran, cirran) WI turn, go, return
3 pl cyrraDpret 3 sg cyrde3 pl cirdon[Ger kehren]
cyrtel m kirtle, coat, tunicas kyrtelap cyrtlas
cyssan WI kissptc cyssendeopt 3 sg cysse
cystig adj virtuous, charitableds cystigum
cyDan WI make known3 pl cyDaDpret 3 sg cyDde, cydde3 pl cyDdon[cuD]
cyDDu (cyDD) f kith, kinship, home, countryds cyDDeas cyDDe, cyDDu
Ddæd f deed, action
gp dædaap dæda
dæd-betan WI make amends, repentptc np dædbetende
dæd-bot f repentancedæg m day
ds dægeas dægis dægegp dagadp dagum, daganap dagas
20
gs dæges and nihtes (adv) by day and nightds to dæge (adv) to-dayas longe on dæg (adv) far on, late in the day
dæg-hwomlıc (-hwamlic) adj dailyds -lıcum
dæg-hwomlıce (-hwamlıce) adv dailydæg-red n dawndægDerlıc adj daily, present
ds oD Disum dægDerlıcum dæge to thispresent daydæg-weorc n work of the day
gs -weorcesdæl n dale
np dalu[Ger Thal]
dæl m division, portion, partds dæleas dælgp dælabe ænigum dæle to any extentbe þæm dæle to that extent
dælan WI deal out, divide, separate, distribute3 sg dælD, dæleDopt 1 pl dælonpret 3 pl dældonpp gedæledpl gedælde
dæl-neomende (dial) (ptc) m partakerdaroD (daraD) m dart, spear
gp daroDa laf the leaving of spears, those sur-viving a battlePage 267dead adj dead
ns deadaas deadnenp deade, deadan
dead-bære adj deadlyds -bærum
deall adj proudns deal
dearr see: durrandeaD m death
gs deaDesds deaDeis deaDeas deaDap deaDas
deaD-denu f mortal valedeaD-ræced (-reced) n house of death, grave
Defenas (Defnas) m pl the people of Devonshire,DevonshireDefena-scır (Defna-) f Devonshire
ds scıredelfan (principal parts: pret sg: dealf pret pl: dul-fon pp: dolfen ) 3 delve, digdema m judge
gs demandeman WI deem, judge, determine
3 sg demDpp gedemed
demm m judgmentDene m pl Danes
gp Denadp Denonap Dene
Dene-mearc (Dena-; -mearce) f Denmarkns Denamearcds Denemearce, Denemearcan
Denisc adj Danishnp Deniscangp Deniscraas on Densic in the Danish fashion
dennian WII become slippery (?)pret 3 sg dennode
denu (dene) f valleydeoflıc adj devilish
ap -lıcandeofol m n devil
gs deoflesds deoflenp deoflaap deoflu, deoflo
deofol-gyld n idolgp -gilda
deofol-gylda m idolaternp -gyldan
deofol-seoc adj possessed of a devilap -seocan
deofol-seocnis f possession by a devilap -nyssa
deop n the deep, the seags deopes (dypan f)
deop adj deepdeope adv deeply, profoundlydeoplıce adv deeply, profoundlydeopnis f depth, abyss
ds -nyssedeor (dıor) n wild beast or animal (of any sort)
as deor
21
np dıorgp deoraap deor
deorc adj dark, gloomy, sadns deorca, deorceas deorce
deorling see: dyrlingdeor-mod adj bold of mind, braveDeorwente f the Derwent
ds -wentandeor-wurD (-wirD, -weorD) adj worthy of esti-mation, precious, honored
ds -wurDanap -wurDe, -wirDe, -wurDan
Page 268Dere m pl the Deirians, inhabitants of Deiraderian WI injure (w dat)
3 sg dereD, deraD[daru]
dıacon-had (deacon-) m office of a deacon, dea-conship
ds -hadedıegol (dıgol) adj secret
ns dıegla, dıglegs dıeglancomp np dıgelran
dimm (dymm) adj dim, dark, gloomydp dymmum
dimnis (dymnis) f dimness, gloomds dymnysse
Dinges (mere) proper name a proper name, orthe sea of dashing and noisedıor see: deordisc m dish
ds disceas disc
discipul m disciplenp discipulı (Lat), discipulos (for -ı)gp discipulaap discipulı
dogor n daygp dogra
dogor-rım n numbering of the days, timegs -rımes
dohtor f daughterdom m
doom, judgment, decree, decision, choicegs domesds domeas dom (stipulation)
is domerenown, glory
dom-ern n judgment-hallds -erne
dom-georn adj eager for renownnp -georne
domlıc adj famous, gloriousdon irreg do, act, cause, put, place
ger donneptc donde2 sg dest3 sg deD2 pl doD3 pl doDimp 2 sg doopt 2 sg do1 pl donpret 2 sg dydest3 sg dyde3 pl dydonpret opt 3 sg dyde
Dorce-ceaster (Dorcan-) f Dorchesterds -ceastreas Dorcanceaster
draca m dragondream m joy, mirth
is dreamegp dreama (harmony)[Mod dream]
dreccan WI vex, trouble, afflictpret 3 pl drehton
drenc m drinkgs drencesds drence
dreng m warriorgp drenga[ON drengr]
dreogan (principal parts: pret sg: dreag pret pl:drugon pp: drogen ) 2 endure, perform, fulfil
3 sg dreogeDdreor m blood
is dreore[dreosan]
dreorig adj dreary, sadns dreorigeas dreorigne (hyge)np dreorige[dreosan]
Page 269dreorig-hleor adj with sad face
22
dreorignis f sadnessgs -nysse
dreosan (principal parts: pret sg: dreas pret pl:druron pp: droren ) 2 fall, perish
3 sg dreoseD3 pl dreosaD[cf Mod dross]
drihten see: dryhtendrinca m drink
as drincandrincan (principal parts: pret sg: dronc pret pl:druncon pp: druncen ) 3 drink
3 pl drincaDpret opt 3 sg drunce2 pl druncen
drohtaD m sojourn, lifedrohtian see: drohtniandrohtnian (drohtian) WII lead one’s life, live
ger drohtnigenne3 sg drohtaDpret 3 sg drohtnode[dreogan]
drohtnung (drohtung) f conduct, condition, lifegs drohtungeds -nunge
drohtung see: drohtnungdrusan (drusian W II) WI droop, drowse, be-come feeble
ptc drusende[dreosan]
dry m wizard, sorcerer [Celt drui]dryge (drıge) adj dry
ap drygeds on drygum on dry ground
dryht f body of retainers, host, people [dreogan]dryhten (drihten) m lord, prince, ruler, king
gs drihtnesds drihtne, drihtene
dryman WI rejoiceptc gp drymendra[dream]
dryre m fall, deposit [dreosan]dugan PP avail
3 sg deahopt 3 sg dyge[Ger taugen]
duguD (dugoD) fbody of retainers, hostds duguþegp duguDa
duguDa wyn the flower, the chief of retainersbenefit, honor, richesds duguþegp dugeDa[dugan; Ger Tugend]
dun f down, hill, mountainas dune[Celt dunum]
dun-scræf n hill-cavenp -scrafu
durran PP dare1 sg dearr3 sg dearr1 pl durronopt 1 sg durrepret 3 pl dorstonpret opt 3 pl dorsten
duru f doords dura, duru, dyruas durunp dura
dust n dustds dusteas dust
dust-sceawung f contemplation of the dustds -sceawunga
Page 270dwæscan WI extinguish, blot out
3 sg dwæsceD[dwæs: dysig]
dwelian (dwellan) WI lead into folly, deceive; beled astray, err
ptc dweligende[cf Mod dull]
Dyflin (Dyflen, Difelin) Dublindym-hof n place of concealment
dp -hofondyre (dıere, deore) adj dear, costly
np dyredyrling (deorling) m darling, favorite
ap deorlingasdyrstignes f boldness, audacity, arrogance
ds -nysseas -nesse
dysig adj foolishsupl ns dysgosta[Mod dizzy]
dysig n follyds dysige
dysignes f folly
23
ds -nessedyslıc (dysiglıc) adj foolishEe see: eaea f river
gs e, easds ea, eæas eanp ea[Ger Au]
eac (ec) conj adv also, moreover, likewise, evenge ... ge eac both ... and alsone ... ne eac neither ... nor evenond eac swa and alsoeac swilce (swylce, swelce) also, likewiseeac gelıce (-lyce) likewise[Ger auch]
eac prep in addition to, together with, besides (wdat)eaca m addition, increase
ds eacanns (null) reinforcementsto eacan in addition to (w dat)
ead n possession, riches, happiness, blissgs eadesas ead[cf Mod allodium]
eadig adj rich, blessed, happyns eadga, eadigags eadigan[Goth audags]
eadignes f happiness, blissgs -nesse
ead-mod see: eaD-modead-wela m generous supply, richeseafora (eafera) m son, heir
ds eaforan[cf Goth afar, prep ’after’]
eage n eyegs eagan
eag-gebyrd f eyeball (?), pupil of the eye (?)eahta num eightea-la interj oh! alas!eald (ald) adj old
ns aldaap ealde, ealdanealda fæder grandfather (ancestor ?)ealde tried, honoredsupl as ieldesDe (dial) most honored
Page 271
Ealdan-mynster n Old-Minsterds -mynstre
eald-cyDDu (-cyDD) f old, former homeas -cyDDe, -cyDDu
eald-fæder m forefatherap -fæderas
eald-feond m old foe, arch fiend, devilgs -feondesgp -feonda
ealdian WII become oldpp geealdad
ealdor (aldor) m prince, chief, lordgs ealdresds ealdre
ealdor-bisceop m chief bishopealdor-dom m lordship, sovereigntyealdor-lang adj life-long, lasting
as -langneealdor-monn m alderman, chief, ruler, magis-trate, chief officer of the shire
ns -mon, -manngs -monnesnp -men
ealgian WII defendpret 3 pl ealgodon
eall (all) adj allas alne, ealleis eallenp ealle, alle, eallagp ealra, eallradp eallumas ealle, ealla, eall, ealgs ealles (adv) altogether, quite, entirelyealles, ealra swıþost (adv) most of all, espe-
ciallyealles for swıDe (adv) altogether, utterlyds (or dp) mid (myd) eallum (adv) alto-
gether, entirelyis mid ealle (adv) withal (= and everything)as ealne weg (adv) all the way, alwaysealneg (= ealne weg) (adv) all the wayealne dæg (adv) all the dayeall swa (adv) just as
eallinga see: eallungaeallunga (eallinga) adv altogether, entirelyEall wealdend m Ruler of allealu (ealu) n ale
gs ealaDea-lond n island
ds -londe
24
eam m uncle [Ger Oheim]ear n ear (of corn)
ds eareas ear
earc f arkgs earceas earce
eard m dwelling, home, countrygs eardesds eardeas eard[eorDe]
eard-geard m dwelling-place, eartheardian WII dwell
3 pl eardiaDpret 3 pl eardodon
earding (eardung) f habitationap eardinga
Page 272eard-stapa m land-stepper, wanderereard-stede m dwelling-placeeard-wıc n dwellingearfoD (earfeD) n difficulty, toil, hardship, tor-ture, torment
gp earfoDaap earfoDu[Ger Arbeit]
earfoDe adj difficultgs earfoDes
earfoDlıc adj difficult, full of hardshipearfoDnes f hardship, torture
ap -nessaear-gebland n wave-mingling, oceanearh (earg) adj cowardly [Ger arg]earm m armearm adj poor, pitiable, wretched, despicable
as earmnenp earmecomp ns earmra[Ger arm]
earm-cearig adj wretched, full of careearming m poor wretch
np earmingasearmlıc adj miserable, wretched
gs -lıcesds -lıcum
earn m eaglegs earnesds earneas earn æftan hwıt (cf Gr pugargos)
[Ger Aar]earnian WII earn (w gen)
3 sg earnaD3 pl earniaD
eart see: beoneast adv east, in an easterly directioneastan (estan) adv from the east
wiD eastan to the eastbe eastan to the east of (w dat)
ea-stæD n river-bankds -stæDe
east-dæl m eastern quarter, the eastds -dæle
east-ende m east-endeast-engle m pl East-Angles, East-Anglia
gp -englaeaster-dæg (eastor-) m Easter Day
ds -dægeis Eastordæge
east-healf f east sideds -healfe
east-lang adj extending easteast-rıce n eastern kingdomeastro (eastru, eastre, eastron) pl tant f nEaster
ap eastroneast-ryhte adv eastwardeast-seaxe (-seaxan) m pl East-Saxons
gp -seaxnaap -seaxe
east(e)-weard (-werd) adj eastward, easterlygs weardes (adv)ds -weardreas -weard
east-weg m east-way, path in the easteaDe adv easily
comp (ıeD) eaDsupl yDast
Page 273eaD-mod (ead-) adj humble-minded, humble
ns eadmodis -modeap -modan
eaD-modlıce (ead-) adv humblyeaD-modnes (ead-) f humility, meekness, conde-scension
gs -nessegp -nessa
eaw-fæst (æw-, æ-) religious, piousns -fæsta
25
ds -fæstreeax f axis, axle tree
ds eaxeas eaxe
ebba m ebbds ebban
Ebreas m pl Hebrewsgp Ebrea
Ebreisc adj Hebrewece (eca, ecea) adj eternal, everlasting
ds ecangp ecra
eced m n vinegards ecede[Lat acetum; Ger Essig]
ecelıce adv eternallyecg f edge, sword
ds ecgeecnes f eternity
as -nysseas -nesse
ed-geong (-giong) adj becoming (or being) youngagained-lean n reward
gs -leanesds -leaneas -lean
ed-nıwe (-neowe) adj renewed, restoreded-nıwinga adv anewedor (eodor) m enclosure, dwelling
np ederased-wenden f overturning, changeefen-ehD (-nehD) f neighboring plain
ds -ehDe[neah]
efen-hleoDor n equal, united harmonyis -hleoDre
efes f eaves, border, side (of a forest)ds efes (for efese ?)
efne (cf emne) adv even, only, justefn-ece adv co-eternallyefstan WI hasten (intr)
ptc efstendeimp 2 pl efstaDpret 3 sg efste3 pl -on[*of-est]
eft adv again, back, afterwardseft ongean (see ongean)
ege m fear, terror [Goth agis]
egesa m terror, feards egesan
egeslıc adj terrible, horribleegeslıce adv horriblyehtan WI pursue, persecute (w gen)
3 sg eht[oht]
ehtere m persecutorehtnis f persecution
ns -nysas -nysse
Page 274elcor (ælcor) adv otherwiseeldan (ieldan, yldan) delay, hesitate
pret 3 sg elde[eald]
ele m oil [Lat oleum]el-fremed (æl-) (pp) adj separated, released, ex-traneous
ns ælfremedap ælfremede
ellen n strength, courage, fortitude, zealds mid elne boldlyon elne boldlyas on ellen boldly[Goth aljan]
ellen-wodnis f zeal, fervorgs -nisse
elles adv elsehwæt ... elles what elsenan Ding elles nothing else
eln f ell (measure)gp elna
el-þeodig (æl-) adj of another nation, foreign,strange
as ælþeodigneel-þeodisc (æl-) adj foreign, strange
ns ælþeodiscembe see: ymbeemb-gangan R compass (trans)
opt 3 sg -gangeemne (emn, cf efne) adv equallyemn-lang (efn-lang) adj equally long
on emnlange prep (w dat) alongende m endende-byrdlıce adv in an orderly mannerende-byrdnes f order
ds -nesse, -nisseendemes (endemest) adv equally, in like mannerendian WII end, bring to an end
26
opt 3 sg endigeendlyfta num eleventh
is -lyftanenge adj narrow, oppressive, cruel
ns engaengel m angel
ds engleas engelnp englasgp engla[Lat angelus]
Engla-feld m Englefield (Berkshire)ds -felda
Engla-land n country of the Angles, Englandds -lande
Englisc adj Englishgs Engliscreas Engliscgp Engliscra
Englisc-ge-reord n English languageds -reorde
eno see: onoent m giant
gp entaeode, eodon see: ganeodorcan (cf ed-rocian, ed-recan, roccettan)ruminate
ptc eodorcende[Ger ra]
Eofer-wıc (Efer-) n Yorkas Eferwıc[cf Ger Eber]
Eofer-wıc-ceaster f Yorkds -ceastre
eoh m n horse [Goth aihwa]eom see: beoneorcnan-stan (eorclan-) m precious stone [Goth-airkns]eored (eorod) n company, troop, host
ap eoredu[*eoh-rad]
Page 275eored-ciest (-cyst) f company, troop, host
dp -cystumeorl m
earl (a Danish title corresponding to the nativeealdorman)
np eorlasgp eorlaApplied to an ealdorman
ds eorlewarrior
eornoste adv earnestly, fiercelyeornostlıce adv earnestly, indeedeorD-buend m earth-dweller
np eorDbugigendeeorDe f earth
gs eorDaneorDlıc adj earthly, worldly
ns -lıcags -lıcanas -lıce
eorD-scræf n earth-cave, graveds -scræfe, -scrafe
eorD-weg m earth-wayds on eorDwege on earth
eow (eower, eowic) see: Dueower (ıower) poss pron your
gs eoweresds eowrumas eowerne, eowernp eowredp ıowrum, eowrum, eowerumap eowre
eow-land n Oland (island in the Baltic Sea)erce-bisceop m archbishop
ds -bisceopeerce-had m archiepiscopal dignitaryerian WI ear, plough
pret 3 sg eredeermD see: yrmDesne m servant, man
ds esne[Goth asneis]
esal (eosol) m assap esolas[Goth asilus]
est f favor, grace [Ger Gunst]est-full adj devout
ds -fullumEst-land n country of the Estas (on the easterncoast of the Baltic sea)Est-mere m Frische HaffEstum dp m the people of Est-landesul-cweorn f millstoneetan (principal parts: pret sg: æt pret pl: æton pp:eten ) 5 eat
imp 2 pl etaDopt 3 sg ete
ettan WI graze
27
eDel m landed property, home, native country, ter-ritory
ds eDeleas eDelis eDle[cf Mod allodial]
eDel-lond n native landeDel-turf f native turf, country
ds -tyrfExan-ceaster (-cester) f Exeter
gs -ceastres, cestresas -ceaster, -cester
exl (eaxl) f shoulderas exle[cf Mod axle]
Page 276Ffæc n division, space, interval, portion of time
ds fæceas fæc[Ger Fach]
facen (facn) n deceit, treachery, wickednessgs facnesis facneap facn
fæcne adj guilefulfæder m father
gs fædernp fæderas
fæderlıc adj fatherly, paternalns -lıce
fag (fah) adj colored, variegated [Goth -faihs]fæge adj fated, doomed to death
np fægeap fægean[Ger feige]
fægen adj fain, glad, rejoicing (w gen)fæger adj fair, beautiful, pleasant
gs fægeresis fægrenp fægracomp ap fægerransupl dp fægrestum
fægere (fægre) adv beautifully, wellfægernes f fairness, beauty
gs -nesseas -nesseap -nissa
fægnian WII rejoice (w gen)ptc fægnigende
pret 3 sg fægnodefah (fag) adj hostile [gefa ’foe’]fæhD f feud
as fæhDe[Ger Fehde]
Falster prop noun Falster (island in the Baltic Sea)fandian WII try, tempt, test, examine, seek toknow
imp 2 pl fandiaD (w gen)[findan]
fandung f temptation, test, usageds -unge
fær n journey, expeditionds fære
faran (principal parts: pret sg: for pret pl: foronpp: faren ) 6 go, proceed, travel, march
2 sg færest3 sg færD3 pl faraDimp 2 pl faraDopt 3 sg fare2 pl farenpp gefaren
færelt (færeld) m n going, motion, journeygs færeltes, færeldesds farelte
færinga adv suddenly [fær ’fear’]færlıc adj sudden
ns færlıcads -lıcum
færlıce adv suddenlyfær-sceat m passage-money, fare [cf Mod scot-free]fær-sceaDa m sudden or dangerous enemy
ds -sceaDanfaru f journey
ds farefæst adj fast, firm, secure
as fæstnenp fæste
Page 277fæste adv fast, firmly, securelyfæsten n
fort, fortress, fastnessds fæstenneas fæstenfast (abstinence from food)ds fæstene
fæst-hafol adj retentiveds -hafelum
fæstlıce adv firmly, securely, resolutely, bravely
28
comp fæstlıcorfæstnian WII fasten, confirmfæstnung f security, safetyfæt n vessel
ap fatu[Mod vat]
fætels m n vesselap fætels
fæDm m f embrace, graspfæDm-rım n (fathom-number) fathom measure
gs -rımesfeallan (principal parts: pret sg: feoll pret pl:feollon pp: feallen ) R fall
ptc feallendeas feallendne3 sg fylD (of the course of water), fealleD3 pl feallaD
feallenlıc (feallendlıc) adj unstablefealo-hilte adj fallow-hiltedfealu (fealo) adj fallow, pale, yellow, dusky, dark
ns fealoas fealonenp fealwe
Fearn-hamm m Farnham (Surrey)ds -hamme
feawe (fea; feawa, due to assoc w fela) adj pltant few
dat feawum, feaumacc feawa
feccan (fecgan fetian) WIII fetchptc feccendeimp 2 pl feccaDpret 3 sg fette
fela (feola feala fæla) n (sometimes as adj; rarelyinflected) much, many (w gen) [Ger viel]feld m field, battle-field
as feldfelg (felge) f felly
ds felgenp felga, felgea, felgan[feolan]
fell n fell, skin, hideas felap fell
feng m grasp [fon]feoh (fioh, feo) n
cattlegoods, property, money, richesgs feosds feo
as feoh, fioh[Mod fee]
Page 278feoh-gıfre adj greedy of possessions, avariciousfeoh-leas adj without money
np -leasefeohtan (principal parts: pret sg: feaht pret pl:fuhton pp: fohten ) 3 fight
ptc feohtende2 sg fihtest
feohte f fight, battlefeolan (principal parts: pret sg: fealh pret pl:fulgon,fælon pp: folen ) 3 reach, penetrate [Gothfilhan]feol-heard adj hard as a file
ap -heardefeond m fiend, enemy
as feondgp feondadp feondumap fynd
feorh (fiorh) m n lifegs feoresds feore, fıoreas feorh
feorh-geong adj young in life, youthfulfeorh-hord n life-hoard, spiritfeorh-hus n life-house, bodyfeorm (fiorm) f
food, provision, goodsuse, benefitas fiorme[Mod farm]
feormian WII consume3 sg feormaD
feorr (far, feor) adv supl firrest fyrrestfeor far back (time)
feorr adj far, far from (w dat)feor þam far from that (metaph)
feorran (fiorran) adv from afarfeorDa num adj fourth
ds feorDanas feorDangs bynnan feorDan healfes dæges fæce
within three and a half daysfeower num fourfeower-tig num forty
gen -tigesfeower-tyne (-tıene) num fourteen
dat -tynum
29
feran WI go, travelpret 3 sg ferde3 pl ferdon
ferhD (ferD) m n mind, spirit, heartns ferDds ferhDe, ferDeas ferD
ferian WI; W II carry, transportptc ferigendepret 3 sg ferode, ferede3 pl feredonpp geferod
fers n m verseds ferseap fers[Lat versus]
fersc adj freshnp fersce
ferD-loca (ferhD-) m (inclosure of the spirit),spirit, heart, mind
as -locanfetor (feotor) f fetter
dp feterumfeDa m band of foot-soldiers, troop
ap feDan[findan]
feDer f feathernp feDregp feDradp feDerumfeDrum (wing?)
Page 279feDer-homa m feather-garb, plumagefıc-treow n fig-tree [Lat fıcus]fierd (fird, fyrd) f
(military) expeditionds fyrde(the national) armyds fierdeas fierd[faran]
fierdian (fyrdian) WII be on a military expedi-tion
pret 3 pl fierdedonfierd-leas adj unprotected by the armyfıf num five
nom fıfedat fıfum
fıfta num adj fifthfıftig num fifty
gen fıftigesdat fıftegum
fıf-tyne (-tene) num fifteenfindan (principal parts: pret sg: fond pret pl: fun-don pp: funden ) 3 find, come upon, supply
3 sg findeDFinnas pl m the Finnsfinta m tailfıras pl m men
gp fıra, fyradp fırum
firgen-stream m mountain-stream, woodland-stream [Goth fairguni]fiscaD see: fiscnaDfiscere m fisher
np fiscerasfiscnaD (fiscnoD fiscaD) m fishing
ds fiscaDefiDeru pl n wings
np fiDrugp fiDraap fiDru
fla (flan) f m arrowgs flanesas (or ap) flan
flæsc n fleshgs flæscesds flæsceas flæscis flæsce
flæsc-homa m (covering of flesh) bodyflæsclıc adj fleshly, corporeal, carnal
ds -lıcrefleam m flight
gs fleamesds fleameas fleam
fleogan (principal parts: pret sg: fleag pret pl: flu-gon pp: flogen ) 2 fly (intr)
3 sg fleogeD[cf fleon]
fleon (flıon, fleogan) (principal parts: pret sg:fleah pret pl: flugon pp: flogen ) 2 flee, escape(trans and intr)
ger flıonneptc ds fleondum3 sg flyhþ3 pl fleoDimp 2 pl fleoD
30
fleotan (principal parts: pret sg: fleat pret pl: flu-ton pp: floten ) 2 float
ptc gp fleotendraflett n floor of the hall
as fletflocc m flock, company, troopfloc-rad f a riding company, troopPage 280flod m f n flood, wave, tide, stream
as flodflodan see: Pryfetflod-wylm (wielm) m f welling flood [weallan]flot n deep water, sea
as on flot ?afloat?[Mod afloat]
flota m sailor, seaman, pirateas flotannp flotangp flotena
flowan (principal parts: pret sg: fleow pret pl:fleowon pp: flowen ) R flow
ptc flowendeas flowendan3 sg flowD
flyht m flight, escapeds flyhteas flyht
flyht-hwæt adj bold or swift of flightgs -hwatesap -hwate
flyma m fugitivegp flymena[fleam]
fnæst m blowing, breathfoddor (fodor) n foodfodor-þegu f partaking of food, repast
gs -þege[þiegan]
folc n folk, people, nation, armygs folcesis folce
folc-ge-feoht n general engagement, pitched bat-tlefolcisc adj vulgar, popular
np -iscefolc-stede m place of assembly, battle-field
ds -stedefold-agend m (earth possessor) earth-dweller
gp -agendrafolde f earth, land, country
gs foldan[feld]
fold-wæstm m fruit of the earthfold-weg m way, path (on the earth)
ds (is) -wegefolgian (fylgean) WII; W III follow, serve, ob-serve, obey (w dat)
ptc fylgende, fyliende1 pl fylgeaDimp 2 pl folgiaDopt 1 pl fylgen, fylgeonpret 3 sg filgde, folgode2 pl fyligdon3 pl folgodon, filigdon
folgoD m service, official dignity, office [folgian]folme (folm) f hand
ds folman[felan ’feel’]
fon (principal parts: pret sg: feng pret pl: fengonpp: fongon ) R seize, grasp, capture, take, receive
3 pl foDpret 1 sg to rıce feng came to the throneto þære spræce feng (null)to wæpnum feng (null)3 pl fengon togædere engaged in battle
for prep w dat instr and acc(w dat, instr) before (place)(w dat, instr) for, on account of, because of, ow-
ing to (cause, condition, remedy)for Dæm (Dam) conj; for, because, sincefor Don (null)for Dan (null)for Dæm (Dam) De (null)for Dy þe (null)for Don þe (null)for Dan þe (null)for Dy for this, thereforefor Dı (null)for þig (null)for Don (null)for hwæm whereforefor hwig (null)for hwon (null)(w acc) for, instead of
Page 281for adv (intensive) veryfor f journey
ds fore[faran]
foran adv before, in front
31
foran to (null)to foran (null)
for-bærnan WI cause to burn, to burn (trans)sg -bærneD3 pl -bærnaDopt 1 pl -bærnepret 3 pl -bærndonpp -bærned
for-beodan 2 forbidpp pl forbodene
for-beornan 3 burn (intr)pp -burnen
for-beran 4 suffer, permit3 sg -bireD
for-berstan 3 burst asunder, vanish, fail3 sg -birsteD
for-bugan 2 avoid, escapepret 3 sg -beah
ford m fordds fordaas ford
for-don irreg destroypret 3 sg -dyde
fore prep (w acc) before (place)for-ealdian WII become old
pp forealdodfore-beacen (-beacn) n fore-tokenfore-genga m predecessor, ancestor
np -genganfore-gısel m preliminary hostage
gp gısla[Ger Geisel]
fore-mihtig adj prepotentfore-sceawung f fore-sight, providence
as -sceawungafore-secgan WIII
say beforehandpret 1 pl -sædonpl -sædanpp sg -sæde aforesaidforetell, predictpret 1 sg -sæde
fore-spræc f defencefore-sprecan 5 speak or mention beforehand
-sprecenan aforesaidpp sg -sprecena aforesaid
fore-stæppan (-steppan) (principal parts: pretsg: -stop pret pl: -stopon pp: -stapen ) 6 precede(w dat)
3 sg -stæpD
3 pl stæppaDfore-tiohhung f predestinationfore-þingian WII plead for one, defend
3 sg -þingaDopt 3 sg -þingie
Page 282fore-þonc m forethought, foreknowledge
ds -þoncefore-witan pp foreknow
3 sg -watfore-wıtegian WII prophesy
pret 1 sg -wıtegodefor-faran 6 get in front of, obstruct
pret 3 pl -foronfor-giefan (-gifan, -gyfan) 5 give, grant; forgive
ger -giefannepret 3 sg -geaf2 pl -geafonpp -gifenpl -gifene, -gyfene
for-gifennis (-gyfennis) f forgivenessas -nisse, -gifenysse
fore-gongan R go before, precedeopt 3 sg -gange
for-grindan (principal parts: pret sg: -grond pretpl: -grundon pp: -grunden ) 3 grind to pieces, de-stroy, consumefor-grıpan 1 seize, snatch away
3 sg -grıpeDfor-gyldan (-gieldan) 3 repay, requite, buy off
3 sg -gilt1 pl -gyldaDopt 2 pl -gyldon
for-gytan (-gietan, -gitan) 5 forgetpret 3 sg -geat
for-gytol adj forgetfulfor-hæfednis f restraint, abstinence
as -nyssefor-heard adj very hard
as -heardnefor-heawan R hew, cut downfor-helan 4 concealfor-hergian WII harry, devestate, lay waste
pp -hergodfor-hogdnis f contempt
ds -nissefor-hogian WII despise
ptc -hogigende3 sg -hogaD3 pl -hogiaD
32
opt 3 sg -hogigepret 3 sg -hogode[cf. for-hycgan]
for-hradian WII hasten before, anticipate, pre-vent
3 sg -hradaDforht adj afraid
np forhteforhtian WII fear, be afraid (intr)
ptc ap forhtgendan3 pl forhtigaD3 sg forhtigepret opt 3 pl forhtedon
forhtung f feards -unge
for-hwæga (-hwega) adv at least, aboutfor-hycgan WIII despise
1 sg -hycge[cf. forhogian]
for-læ-tan (principal parts: pret sg: -let pret pl:-leton pp: -læ-ten ) R leave, leave off, omit, aban-don, neglect, lose
ptc -læ-tende3 sg -læ-topt 3 sg -læ-te3 pl læ-ten
for-læ-tnes f remissiongs (or gp) -nessa
Page 283for-leosan (principal parts: pret sg: -leas pret pl:-luron pp: -loren ) 2 lose, abandon, destroy
3 sg -lystopt 3 sg -leose1 pl -leosenpret 2 sg -lure
forma (fyrmest, firmest) supl adj firstas forman
for-niman 4 take off, destroypret 3 sg -nom3 pl -nomon
for-rıdan 1 intercept by riding beforepret 3 sg -rad
for-rotian WII rot away, decayopt 3 sg -rotigepp -rotad
for-sacan 6 oppose, refusepret 3 pl -socon[Mod forsake]
for-scrincan (principal parts: pret sg: -scronc pretpl: -scruncon pp: -scruncen ) 3 shrink, wither
for-scyldigan WII condemnpp -scyldigod
for-searian WII sear, dry up, witherpp -searod
for-seon 5 overlook, despise, reject3 sg -syhD, -syhD3 pl -seoþ
for-sewennis f contemptds -nysse
for-sittan 5 delaypret 3 sg forsæt
for-spendan WI spend utterly, squander3 pl -spendaD
for-spyllan (-spillan) WI spill, waste, lose, de-stroy
pp -spylledfor-spyllednis f spilling, waste, destruction,perdition
gs -nysseforst frost
gs forstesfor-standan 6 understand
pret 1 sg -stodfor-stelan 4 steal away (trans)
pret 3 pl -stæ-lonfor-suwian (-sugian -swugian -swıgian) WIIIkeep silent (trans)for-swæ-lan (-swelan) WI burn, scorch (transand intrans)
3 sg -sweleDpret 3 sg -swæ-lde[swol; Ger schwul]
for-swelgan 3 swallow uppret 3 sg -swealh
for-teogean WII ordainpp -teode
for-tredan (principal parts: pret sg: -træd pret pl:-træ-don pp: -treden ) 5 tread downforD adv forth, forwards, onwards, away; hence-forth
forD mid ealle forthwithand swa forD and so on
forD-feran WI depart, diepret 3 sg -ferde3 pl -ferdon
forD-for f departure, deathgs -foreds -fore
forD-georn adj eager to advanceforD-genge adj progressive, successful
33
for-þolian WII go without, miss, lack (w dat)Page 284for-Drysmian WII choke, suffocate
pret 3 pl forDrysmodon[þrosm, ’smoke, vapor’]
forD-sıD m departure, deathds -sıDe
forD-weard adj enduringas -weardne
forD-weg m way leading forthds forDwege
for-þylman WI envelop, suffocate; consumepret 3 sg -þylmde
for-weard adj forward, foreds -weardum
for-wegan 5 overcome, killpp forwegen
for-weornian WII wither (intr)opt 2 pl -weornion
for-weorDan (-wurDan) 3 come to grief, perish1 pl -wurþaDopt 1 pl -weorþonpret 3 sg -wearD
for-wiernan (-wirnan, -wyrnan) WI prohibit,prevent, refuse (w gen)
opt 3 sg -wyrnefor-wordenlıc adj perishable [weorDan]for-wundian WII wound seriously
pp pl -wundodefor-wurDan see: for-weorDanfor-wyrcan WI barricade, obstructfor-wyrd f n fate, destruction
ds forwyrdefor-wyrdan WI perish
3 sg -wyrDfot m foot
gs fotesdp fotumap fet
fot-mæl n foot-print, space of a footfot-swæD n foot-print
dp -swaDumfracod (fracoD, fracuD) adj of bad repute, de-testable, vile, wicked [*fra-cuD]fram see: fromfranca m spear
ds francanFrancan pl m the Franks
gp FrancenaFranc-land n the country of the Franks
ds -landefrætwe pl f ornaments, decorations, equipments
gp frætwaap frætwe[*fra-tawe]
frætwian WII adornpret 3 sg frætwodepp gefrætwad, gefrætewod, -edpl gefrætewode
frea m lordgs freands frean
frecednis f danger, harmdp -nyssum
frecennes f danger, harmds -nesse
frecne adj dangerous, perilousas frecnanap frecne[cf Mod freak]
frecnes (fræcnes) f danger, harmnp frecnessadp fræcnessum
frefran WI comfort, console, cheerfrefrend (ptc) m comforterPage 285fremde (fremDe) adj strange, foreign, alien
np fremdan, fremde[from; Ger fremd]
fremian WII benefit, profit (w dat)3 sg fremaD[from ’valiant’; Ger fromm]
frem-sumlıce adv kindlyfrem-sumnes f kindness, benefit
gp -nessaap -nesse
freo see: frıofreod f good-will, peace
as freodefreolıce adv freelyfreo-mæg m free kinsmanfreond m friend
as freondap frynd
freond-leas adj friendlessas -leasne
freondlıce adv in friendly mannerfreorig adj cold, chill [freosan]freoDu see: friDFresisc adj Frisian
34
gp -iscraas on Fresisc in the Frisian manner
fretan (principal parts: pret sg: fræt pret pl: fræ-ton pp: freten ) 5 devour, eat [<for-etan]frettan WI graze
pret 3 pl frettonfricgean 5 ask, inquire [Ger fragen]Frıesa (Frısa, Frysa) (adj) m a Frisianfrignan (frınan) (principal parts: pret sg: frænpret pl: frugnon pp: frugnen ) 3 ask, inquire
ptc frignende3 pl frınaD[Ger fragen]
frimdi (frindig) adj desirous, petitioning[fricgean]frıo (freo frıoh freoh) free
ns frıoh, freohgp frıora
friD m n (freoDu f) peace, security, protectiongs friþesds friDeas friD, freoDu[Ger Friede]
frod adj wise, prudent, skilful, experienced, oldns froda, frod
frofor (frofer) f comfort, consolationns froferas frofre
from (fram) prep (w dat instr); advfrom (origin, departure, separation, release, dis-
tance)by, on the part of (agency)adv from, away
fromlıce adv strenuously, promptlyfruma m beginning, creation; author, creator,chief
ds fruman[from]
frum-sceaft f creationfrymD f m beginning, origin, creation
ds frymDegp frymDa[fruma]
Page 286fugelere m fowler
np fugelerasfugel-timber n (bird-structure), young-birdfugol (fugel) m bird
ns fugelgs fugles
np fugelasgp fugela, fugla[Mod fowl]
ful adj foulsupl ns (voc) fuluste
ful-gan irreg perform, carry out, fulfil (w dat)3 sg -gæD
fulian WII decompose3 pl fuliaD[ful]
full (ful) adj full (w gen)as fullneap full, fulds fullands fullan adv fully, perfectly
full (ful) adv fully, perfectly, very (intensive)ful neah very nearly, almost
full-cræftig adj very efficient, virtuous (w gen)np -cræftige
full-fremedlıce (ful-) adv perfectlyfull-fremman WI do fully, fulfil, perfect
3 sg -fremeDopt 3 sg -fremmepp -fremed
full-halig adj very holynp -halige
fullian (fulwigan) WII baptizepret 3 sg fullode
fullıce adv fullyfulluht (fulwiht) m f n baptism
gs fulwihteds fulluhte[full; wıh, ’sacred’]
fultum m helpds fultume, fultomeas fultum[*full-team]
fultumian WII help (w dat)fulwiht-had m baptismal rank, or vow
ap -hadasful-wyrcan WI complete
pret 3 sg -worhtefundian WII strive after, intend, go
pret 3 sg fundode[findan]
fur-lang n furlonggs -langa[furh, ’furrow’]
furDor (furDur) adv furtherfurDum (furDon) adv even, just, quite
35
fus adj ready, eager [Mod fuss]fyll (fiell) m fall, destruction, death
ds fylleas fyl[feallan]
fylstan WI assist, help (w dat)pret 3 sg fylste[*full-last, læstan]
fyr n firegs fyresds fyreas fyris fyre
fyr-bæD n fire-bathds -baDe
fyrd-rinc m warriorfyren adj of fire, fiery
ds fyrenumPage 287fyren-lust (firen-) m sinful lust
np -lustasfyrhto f fright, terror
ds fyrhtu, fyrhtofyrlen (fierlen) adj distant [feorr]fyrmest see: formafyrn-dagas pl m days of long ago, ancient days[Ger firn]fyrn-gear pl n years of long ago, ancient yearsfyrn-ge-sceap n ancient decreefyrn-ge-set n former seat or habitation
ap -gesetufyrn-ge-weorc n ancient workfyrst supl adj first, chieffyrst (first, fierst) m division of time, time, pe-riod, respite
gs fyrstesds fyrsteas first[Ger Frist]
fyrst-mearc f marked period of time, intervalds -mearce
fysan WIhasten (intr)send forth, impel (trans)pret 3 sg fysde[fus]
Ggædrian (ge-gædrian, cf ge-gaderian) WIIgather
3 sg gædraD, gegædraD
pp gegædradgafol n tax, tribute, profit, interest
gs gafolesds gafole[cf Goth ga-baur]
gælan WI delay, hinderpret opt 3 sg gælde
gamenian WII play, punpret 3 sg gamenode[gamen ’game’]
gamol-ferhD adj aged [*ga-mæl]gan eode eodon gegan go, come, walk, advance
2 sg gæ3 sg gæD3 pl gaDimp 2 sg ga2 pl gaDopt 3 sg gapret opt 3 pl eoden
gar m spearap garas[Mod gore, gar-fish, etc.]
gar-berend m spear-bearer, warriorgar-mitting f meeting of spears or javelins, con-test
gs -mittingegar-ræs m spear-encounter, battlegærs n grass, bladegarsecg m sea, oceangæst (gast) m spirit
gs gastesds gæste
gast-cyning m spiritual kingds -cyninge
gæstlıc (gastlıc) adjspiritualgs gæsDlıces (dial)as gastlıcegp -lecenaap -lecanghastly, terriblens gastlıc
Page 288gæstlıce (gastlıce) adv spirituallygate-hær n hair of a goatge conj and
ge ... ge both ... and[cf ægDer]
ge see: Dugeador adv together
36
geaful mforkin pl, jaws, bird’s billnp geaflas[Ger Gabel]
ge-agan PP own, possessger -agenne
ge-ahnian (-agnian) WII claim as one’s own,take possession of
pp geahnodgealla m gall
ds geallange-æmet(t)igian WII free, disengage from (w accof pers and gen of thing)
opt 2 sg geæmetige[æmet(t)ig]
ge-an-bıdian WIIwait, remain (intr)inf -bydianimp 2 sg bydaawait (w gen)inf -bydian
ge-and-wyrdan WI answerpp -andwyrd
ge-an-læcan WI unitepret 3 sg -læhte
ge-an-lıcian WII likenpres 1 pl geanlıcie
gear (ger) n yeargs gearesds geare, gereas gearis geare, gereap gear, ger
gearcian WII prepareimp 2 sg gearca[gearu]
geard m enclosure, dwellingdp in geardum at home, in the world
gear-dæg m day of yoregeare (gearwe) adv readily, wellgearelıce adv readilyge-arian WII show mercy (w dat)
opt 3 sg -arigege-ærnan WI run (or ride) for, gain by running(trans)
3 sg -æneD[yrnan]
gearo-wita m intellectas -witan
gearu (gearo) adj yare, readynp gearwe, gearowe[Ger gar]
gearwian WII preparepret 2 sg gearwodest3 sg -ode
ge-ar-wurDian WII honorpret 3 sg -wurDode
ge-ascian (-axian) WII learn by inquiry, hear of,discover
1 pl -axiaDpret 3 sg -ascode, -axodepp -ascad
ge-ascung f inquiryds geascunge
geat n gateds geateas geatap gatu
geat-weard m gate-ward, door-keeperge-æDele adj befitting noble descentge-axian see: ge-asciange-bædan WI compel, force
pp gebædedge-bære n gesture, behavior, cry
np gebæru[beran]
ge-bed n prayeris gebedeas gebed
Page 289ge-beodan 2 offer
pret 3 sg -beadge-beor m (beer-companion), reveller
dp gebeorumnp gebeoras
ge-beorg (-beorh) n protection, defenceds gebeorge
ge-beorgan 3 protect, savepp geborgen (impers)
ge-beorscipe m banquet, entertainmentgs -beorscipesds -beorscipedp -beorscipum
gebetan WImake amends for, repent of (trans)opt 3 sg gebete3 pl gebetenrepent (intr)[bot]
37
ge-bıcnian (cf beacnian) II betoken, indicatepp gebıcnod
ge-bıdan (principal parts: pret sg: -bad pret pl:-bidon pp: -biden ) 1
await, look for (w gen)3 sg -bıdeDendure, experience
ge-biddan 5pray (w reflex acc)pret 3 sg gebædpray (w reflex dat)
ge-bıegan (-bıgan -bygan) WI bow, bend, in-cline, convert (trans)
inf -bıgan, -bıgean3 sg -bıgDpret 3 sg -bıgdepret opt 3 pl -bıgdenpp -bıeged, -bıgedpl -bıgede, bygede[bugan]
ge-bıgan see: ge-bıegange-bilde adj bold, confident
ds gebildum[beald]
ge-bind n combination, comminglingge-bindan 3 bind
3 pl -bindaDpret 3 sg -bandpp -bundengp -bundenra
ge-bısnung f examplege-blesian WII bless
pret 3 sg -bletsodepp -bletsodsg -bletsode
ge-blissian (-blyssian) WIIrejoice (intr)inf -blyssianptc -blyssigendemake happy (trans)pp -blissad
ge-bod n commandds gebode[beodan]
ge-bræc n breaking, crashing [brecan]ge-brædan WI broaden, become extended
pp pl -bræddage-breadian see: ge-brediange-bredian (-breadian) WII (breed), regenerate,restore
pp gebreadadpl gebredade
ge-bregd n change, vicissitude [bregdan]ge-breowan (principal parts: pret sg: -breaw pretpl: -bruwon pp: -browen ) 2 brew
pp gebrowenge-bringan (-brengan) WI bring
3 sg -bringD, brengDimp 2 pl -bringaD
ge-brocian WII afflictpp gebrocodnp gebrocede
Page 290ge-brosnodlıc adj corruptiblege-broDor (Dru -Dra) m pl tant brothers
np gebroDraap gebroDru
ge-bud see: buange-bun see: buange-bycgan WI buy
3 pl -bycgaDge-bygan see: ge-bıegange-byrd n birth, rank, condition
as -byrdge-byrgan WI taste
opt 3 sg gebyrgege-byrian WI
happen3 sg gebyreD (impers)pertain, behove (impers)[Ger gebuhren]
ge-bysnian WII give good examplepret 3 sg gebysnode
ge-bytle n building, dwellingnp gebytlugp gebytla
ge-camp m fight, battleds gecampeas gecamp
ge-ceosan 2 choose, electpret 3 sg geceaspp gecoren (decide)np -corene
ge-cıegan (-cıgan -cygan) WI call, name, invoke3 sg -cygDpp -cıgedpl -cıgede, -cygede
ge-cierran (-cirran -cyrran) WIturn, change, convert, direct (trans)imp 2 sg gecyr
38
pp gecierredsg -cyrredapl -cyrredeturn (one’s self), go, return (intr)inf -cyrranimp 2 sg -cyrropt 3 sg -cyrrepl -cyrranpret 3 sg -cyrde
ge-cıgan see: ge-cieegange-clænsian WII cleanse
pret 3 sg -clænsodepp -clænsod
ge-clingan (principal parts: pret sg: -clong pret pl:-clungon pp: -clungen ) 3 cling, adhere, compress
pp pl geclungnege-cnawan R know, understand
3 sg -cnæwDpret 3 pl -cnıowon
ge-cneord-læcan WI be zealous, strive, study(intr)
pret 3 sg -læhtege-cneordlıce adv diligentlyge-cnyrdnis f diligence, earnestness, study
ds -nyssege-cringan 3 cringe, yield, fall
pret 3 sg gecrong, gecrancge-crıstnian WII christianize, catechise
pp -crıstnadge-cuman 4 come together, assemblege-cweme adj (becoming), acceptable, pleasing[Ger bequem]ge-cygan see: ge-cıegange-cynd f n nature, kind, generation
ns gecyndeds gecynde, gecindeas gecynd
Page 291ge-cynd-boc f Genesisge-cynde adj naturalge-cyrran see: ge-cierrange-cyrrednis f conversion
gs -nyssege-cyDan WI make manifest, show
imp 2 sg -cyDpret 3 sg -cyDde
ge-cyDnis f manifestation, testamentds -nisseap -nissa
ge-dafen (cf ge-defe) adj fit, becoming [Moddeft, daft]ge-dafenian (-dafnian) WII befit, suit (impersw dat)
3 sg gedafenaDpret 3 sg gedafnode, gedeofanade (dial w acc ?)[Goth gadaban]
ge-dal n division, separationas lıces gedal dissolution, death
ge-dælan WI deal out (tear?)pret 3 sg -dælde
ge-defe (cf ge-dafen) adj fitting, gentle, im-proved in condition
comp ap gedefran[Goth gadobs]
ge-deofenian see: ge-dafeniange-deorf n labor, hardship, difficultyge-dihtan WI
compose, dictate, writepret 3 sg -dihtedirect, orderpret 3 sg[Ger dichten]
ge-don irregdo, actpret 3 pl -dydonpret opt 3 sg dædecause to be (trans)3 sg -deD3 pl -doDput into such and such a conditionreach, arrive atpret 3 pl -dydon
ge-dreccan WI oppress, afflict, vex, troublepp pl gedrehte
ge-drefan WI trouble, disturb, afflict3 sg -drefD3 pl -drefaDpret 2 pl drefdonpp -drefedpl -drefde, -drefede
ge-drefednis f troublegs -nysse
ge-dreosan 2 fall, failpret 3 sg -dreaspp pl -drorene
ge-drincan 3 drink uppret 3 sg gedranc
ge-drofenlıc adj troublousge-dryht f train of attendants, retinue, company
39
ge-drync n drinking, carousingge-dwol-monn m erring man, heretic
np -mengp -manna
ge-dwolsum adj misleading, erroneousge-dwyld n folly, error
gs -dwyldesds -dwylde[dwol]
ge-dyrst-læcan WI dare, presumepret 2 sg -læhtest
Page 292ge-ealgian WII defendge-earnian WII earn, deserve
imp 2 sg -earnaopt 3 pl -earnienpret 3 sg -ode3 pl -odonpp geearnad
ge-earnung f desert, meritds -ungegp -ungaap -unga
ge-eaD-modian WII humble, debase (w refl acc)pret 3 sg -medde
ge-eawan see: ge-eowange-ed-cwycian (-cwician -cuican) WII quicken,revive
pp pl -cwycodege-ed-nıwian WII renew
3 sg -nıwaDpp -nıwad
ge-ed-staþelian WII reestablish, restoreimp 2 sg -staDelapret 2 sg -staDelodest
ge-efen-læcan WI imitateger geefenlæcenne
ge-ende-byrdan WI set in order, ordain, arrangepp -endebyrdas -endebyrdne
ge-endian WIIend, finish (trans)ger geendiannepret 3 sg geendadepret opt 3 sg geendodepp geendod, -adcome to an end, die3 sg geendaD
ge-endung f ending, endds geendunge
ge-eowan (-eawan) irreg show3 sg -eowDopt 3 sg -eawe
ge-fædera m godfather in his relation to the fatherge-fadian WII arrangege-fagian WII variegate, embroider
pp gefagodge-fær n going, journeyge-faran 6
go, travel (intr)pret opt 3 sg geforetravel (trans)depart out of life, die (intr)pret 3 sg gefor
ge-fæstnian WII fasten, fixpret 3 sg -fæstnodepp pl -fæstnode
ge-fea m joy, delight, gratificationis ge-fean
ge-fealıc adj joyous, pleasantge-feccan (-fecgan -fetian) WIII fetch, take
pret 3 pl -fetedonge-fegan WI join
imp 2 sg gefegpp gefeged
ge-feoht n fight, strife, battleds gefeohteap gefeoht
ge-feohtan (principal parts: pret sg: -feaht pretpl: -fuhton pp: -fohten ) 3
fightgain by fighting, win
Page 293ge-feon 5 rejoice (w inst or gen)
ptc gefeondeimp 2 sg -feoh
ge-fera m companion, comradeds -ferannp -feranap -feran
ge-feran WI travel (trans)ge-fere adj accessible [faran]ge-fer-scipe m companionshipge-feterian WII fetter, bind
pret 3 sg -feterodege-fetian see: ge-feccange-fexod (-feaxod) adj haired, having hair
np -fexodege-fillednys f completion, fulfilmentge-firnian WII commit a wrong, sin (intr)
40
pret 1 sg -firnode2 sg -dest
ge-flıeman (-flyman) WI put to flightpret 3 sg -flıemde3 pl -donpp -flymedpl -flıemde
ge-flyman see: ge-flıemange-flyt n contention, strife
ds -flyte[flıtan; Ger Fleiss]
ge-fon R take, seize3 sg gefehDhlyst gefeD listens
ge-forþian WII accomplishpp geforþod
ge-fræge adj famous [fricgan]ge-fræge n report, hearsay
is mine gefrægeas I have heard say
ge-fremian WII (cf ge-fremman) perform3 sg -fremaD
ge-fremman WI performger fremmenneimp 2 pl -fremmaDpret 3 sg -fremede3 pl -donpp -fremed
ge-freoge (-frige) n information [fricgan]ge-freolsian WII set free, deliver
1 sg -freolside3 sg -freolseDopt 3 sg -freolsige
ge-freoDian (-frioDian -friDian) WII protect, fa-vor
imp 2 sg gefreoDapret 3 sg -friDode
ge-frignan 3 learn by inquiry, hearpp gefrugnen
ge-fullian (cf gefulwian) WII baptizepret 3 sg gefullodepp gefullodpl gefullode
ge-fultumian WII helppp -fultumod
ge-fulwian (cf gefullian) WII baptizepp gefulwad
ge-fylce n army, troop, divisiondp gefylcium, gefylcum[folc]
ge-fylgan WIII follow (w dat)ge-fyllan WI fell, cut down; deprive of (w gen)
pp gefylled[feallan]
ge-fyllan WIfill (w gen)pp pl gefyldafulfil, complete, perform2 pl -fyllaDopt 2 sg -fylle1 pl -fyllonpret 3 sg -feldepp -fylledpl -fyllede[full]
Page 294ge-fylsta m helper
ds -fylstange-fylstan WI help (w dat)
pret 3 sg -fylstege-fyrn adv formerly
gefyrn ærge-gaderian WII gather, collect, assemble (transand intrans)
3 sg -gaderaDpret 3 sg -gaderode, -gaderade3 pl -gaderodonpp -gaderodpl -gaderode
ge-gædrian see: gædriange-gan (cf gan) irreg happen
pret 3 sg geeodege-gangan R obtain (trans)ge-gærwan see: ge-gearwiange-gearwian (-gæwan, dial) WII prepare
imp 2 sg -gearwapret 3 sg -odepret opt 3 sg -gearwode
ge-glengan WI adornpret 3 sg geglengdepp glenged
ge-godian WII endowpret 3 sg -godode[god]
ge-gremian WII enragepp -gremodpl -gremode[grom]
ge-grıpan (principal parts: pret sg: -grap pret pl:-gripon pp: -gripen ) 1 seize
41
ge-gyddian WII sing, utterpret 1 sg -gyddode
ge-gyrela m robe, dress, garmentnp gegyrelan
ge-hadian WII ordainpret 3 sg gehadodepp gehadod
ge-hal adj wholege-hælan WI heal (trans)
3 sg -hælDopt 3 sg -hælepret 2 sg -hældest2 pl -donpp pl -hælde
ge-halgian WII hallow, consecratepp gehalgodpl -ade, -ode
ge-hatan (principal parts: pret sg: -het pret pl:-heton pp: -haten ) R
promise1 sg -hatepret 2 sg -hetenamepp gehatenpl gehatene
ge-hat-land n promised landgs -landes
ge-hawian WII look at, reconnoitrepret 3 sg -hawade
ge-healdan (principal parts: pret sg: -heold pretpl: -heoldon pp: -healden ) R hold, protect, main-tain, observe
3 sg geheltopt 3 sg -healde3 pl -danpret 3 pl -hıoldonpret opt 3 sg -heoldepp gehealdan
ge-healtsumnis f captivityds -nysse
ge-hefigian WII weigh down, oppresspp gehefgad
ge-hegan WI effect, hold (an assembly)ge-helpan 3 help (w dat)ge-hende (adv) prep near (w dat)Page 295ge-heran see: ge-hıerange-hergian WII capture (by harrying)
pp gehergodge-hieran (-hyran -hıran -heran) WI hear
ger -hyranneptc -hyrende2 sg -hyrst3 sg -hyreD3 pl -hyraDimp 2 sg -her, -hıere2 pl -hyraDopt 3 sg -hyre1 pl -hyron2 pl -hyran3 pl -hyrenpret 2 sg -hyrdest3 sg -hyrde
ge-hilt n hiltge-hıran see: ge-hıerange-hıwian WII form, fashion
3 sg -hıwaDge-hleapan R leap (upon a horse), mount
pret 3 sg -hleopge-hleotan 2 cast or draw lots
pret 3 sg -hleatge-hlystan WI listen
pret 3 pl -hlystonge-hnægan WI humble, cast down
pret 3 sg hnæde[hnıgan]
ge-hola m protectorgp geholena[helan]
ge-hreosan 2 fall, perish3 sg gehrıst
ge-hwa pron eachgs gehwæsds gehwaamas gehwone, gehwane
ge-hwanon adv from every quarterge-hwær adv everywherege-hwæDer pron both, either
as -hwæþre, -hwæþerege-hwelc see: gehwilcge-hwerfan see: ge-hwyrfange-hwilc (ge-hwylc, ge-hwelc) each, every (plall)
np gehwyilceds gehwilcumis gehwylceas gehwylcneanra gehwylc each oneanra gehwilcum, heora freonda gehwilcum,
hiera ... gehwelcum
42
anra manna gwheylcneuhtna gehwylc
ge-hwyrfan (-hwierfan, -hwerfan) turn,change, convert
2 sg -hwyrfestpret 3 sg -hwyrfdepp pl gehwyrfede, gwhwerfede
ge-hydan WI hide, conceal, guard3 sg gehytpret 3 sg gehydde
ge-hygd f n mind, thought, purposege-hyhtan WI have hope, trustge-hyran see: ge-hıerange-hyrdan WI oppress
pret 3 sg gehyrde[heard]
ge-hyrnes (-hıernes) f hearingds -nesse
ge-hyrsumian WII hear, obey (w dat)imp 2 pl -hyrsumiaD
ge-ıcan see: ge-ıecange-ıct see: ge-ıecange-ıecan (-ıcan -ycan) WI increase, add to
inf -ıcanpp geıct[eac]
Page 296ge-læccan WI seize, catch, take
pret 3 sg gelæhtege-lædan WI lead
3 sg gelætopt 3 sg -lædepret 3 sg -læddepl -læddon
ge-læred pp adj learnednp gelærede, -edansupl ap gelæredestan
ge-læstan WIperform, carry out (trans)2 sg -læsteopt 3 sg -læstepret 3 sg -læstehelp, stand by (intr w dat)[Ger leisten]
ge-laDian WII invite, summonpret 2 sg -laDodestpp -laDod[Ger ein-laden]
ge-laDung f (invitation), church, congregationgs -laDunge
ge-leafa m belief, faithds -leafan
ge-leaffull adj believingns -leaffulagp -leaffulra
fe-leaffulnes f belief, faithas -nesse
ge-lecgan WI laypp geled
ge-lefan see: ge-liefange-lendan WI
come to land, come, gopp gelendendow with landspret 3 sg gelende[land]
ge-leofan see: ge-lıefange-leornian (-liornian) WII learn
pret 1 sg -liornode3 sg -leornode, -leornade3 pl -donpp -liornod, -leornad
ge-lettan WI hinder, preventpret 3 sg gelette
ge-lıc adjlike, resembling, same (as adjective standing
alone)as gelıcanlike, resembling, same w datnp gelıcesupl ns gelıcost, gelıcast
ge-lıc n similaritygs gelıces
ge-lıca m equalge-lıce adv in like mannerge-lıcian WII please (w dat)
pret opt 3 sg -lıcodegelıcnes f likeness
as gelycnyssege-lıefan (-lyfan -lefan -leofan) WI believe (wacc, dat, or gen)
inf -lyfan, -lefan, -leofanger -lyfanneptc -lyfende1 sg -lıefe, -lefeopt 2 pl -leofon3 pl -lıefen, lıefon, -lyfonpret 1 sg -lyfdepp -lyfedpp -gelyfed, filled with belief, believing, adj
43
ge-lıf-fæstan WI make alive, quickenpret 3 sg gelıffæste
ge-limpan -lomp -lumpon -lumpen happenpret -lamp 3 sg
ge-limplıc adj fitting, suitableas -limplıcedp gelimplıcum, adv, by chance
Page 297ge-loglan WII lay, deposit
pret 3 sg, -logode3 pl -don
ge-lome adv often, repeatedlyge-lomlıcian WII become frequentge-lustfullian WII please (w dat)
pret 3 sg -fullodege-lustfullıce adv willingly
comp gelustfullıcorge-lyfan see: ge-lıefange-lyfed (-lefed, pp) adj weak, infirm
gs gelyfdre[lef; Mod left (hand)]
ge-lyhtan WI illumine, give sight topret 3 sg -lyhte
ge-lysan WI release, break, tearpp gelysed
ge-maglıc adj importunatege-magnys f importunityge-mah (ge-mag) adj malicious, wickedge-mælan WI speak
pret 3 sg -mældegeman see: gıemange-mana m intercourse; joining (of weapons)
gs gemanange-mæne adj common [Ger gemein]ge-mænelıce adv in common, generallyge-mære n boundary, borderge-maDel n talking, interview, harangue
gs -maDelesge-mearc n boundary, limit
gs -mearcesge-mearcian WII mark, designate
3 sg -mearcaDpp -mearcad
ge-met n measureds gemeteis gemete, degreeas gemet, metre
ge-met adj meet, fitge-metan WI meet with, find
2 sg -metest
2 pl -metaDopt 3 pl -metonpret 3 sg mette3 pl -on, -myttonpp gemett, gemet
ge-meteng (gemeting) f meeting, assemblyge-metgian WII moderate, temper, restrain, reg-ulate
3 sg -metagaDopt 3 sg -metgige
ge-metgung f measure, regulation, orderas -metgungeap -metgunga
ge-metlıce adv moderatelyge-miltsian WII show mercy (w dat)
imp 2 sg gemiltsage-molsnian WII moulder, decay
3 sg -molsnaþpp pl -molsnode
ge-mong n crowd, throngds gemongein gemonge (prep w dat) among
ge-mot n meeting, assembly, council, concourse,encounter
gs gemotesge-munan PP remember, call to mind, be mindfulof
1 sg geman3 sg gemonimp 2 sg gemyne, gemune2 pl gemunaDpret 1 sg gemundepret opt 3 pl gemundonimp 2 sg gemunopt 3 sg gemynepret 3 sg gemunde
Page 298ge-mundbyrdan WI protect
pret opt 3 sg gemundbyrdege-mynd f n memory
ds -myndeas -mynd
ge-myndgian (-myngian) WII keep in mind, re-member
pret 3 sg -myndgadege-myndig adj mindful of (w gen)ge-myntan WI have in mind, intend
pret 3 sg -myntepp gemynt
gen (gena, gıen gıena) adv yet, still, even
44
ge-neadian WI compelpp geneadad, geneded
ge-neahhe (ge-nehe) adv enough, frequently, of-tenge-nea-læcan WI approach
ptc -læcende, -lecendepret 3 pl -læhton
ge-neat m companion [Ger Genosse]ge-nehe see: ge-neahhege-neosian WII visit, approach, (trans)
3 sg -neosaDpret 3 sg -ode
ge-nerian WI save, rescue, preserve3 sg -nereDpret 3 sg -neredepp pl generode
ge-nihtsum adj sufficient, aboundingap -sume
ge-nihtsumian WII suffice3 sg genihtsumaD3 pl -iaD
ge-nihtsumlıce adv sufficientlyge-nihtsumnes f sufficiency
gs -nyssege-niman (principal parts: pret sg: nom,nam pretpl: nomon,namon pp: numen ) 4 take
imp 2 pl genimaDopt 3 sg genime (reflex, collect oneself)pret opt 3 sg gename
ge-nip n mist, cloud, darknessap genypu
ge-nıpan 1 become darkpret 3 sg genap
ge-niDerian (-nyDerian) WII cast down, abase,condemn
pp geniDerod, genyDerodge-niDerung (-nyDerung) debasement, wicked-ness
ap -nyDerungage-nıwian WII renew
pp genıwadge-noh (ge-nog) adj enoughge-notian WII use, consume
pp as genotudnePage 299geofon n sea, ocean
gs geofonesge-ofrian (-offrian) WII offer
pret opt 3 pl geofrodon
geogoD (giogoD, iugoD) f youth; gioguD (youngpersons, collect.) (???)
ds geoguDegeomor adj sad
as geomran[Ger Jammer]
geomor-mod adj of sorrowful moodnp -mode
geomrung f lamentation, moaningds -ungaas -unge
geond (giond) prep (w acc) throughout (placeand time)geond-faran 6 traverse
3 pl -faraDgeond-hweorfan 3 pass over, traverse
3 sg -hweorfeDgeond-lacan (principal parts: 3 sg pres: leolc pretsg: lec pret pl: lecon pp: lacen ) R play over, tra-verse
opt 3 sg -lacegeond-lyhtan WI
illumine (trans)pret 3 sg -lyhtepp pl -lyhteshine over or upon (intr)pret opt 3 sg -lyhte
geond-sceawian WII overlook, survey3 sg -sceawaD
geond-sendan WI send abroadpp -send
geond-Dencean WI think over, reflect upon1 sg -þence3 sg -DenceD
geond-wlıtan 1 look over (trans)3 sg -wliteD
geong (giong, iung) adj youngns gioncgaap geonge, iunge
geonglıc adj youthfulge-openian WII open
imp 2 sg -openapp pl -openede
georn (giorn) adj eager, earnest, desirous (w gen)np giornens geornnp georne
georne adv eagerly, willingly, certainly, surelycomp geornorsupl geornost
45
geornfull adj eager, desirousnp geornfulle
geornfullıce adv eagerly, earnestlycomp geornfullıcor
geornfulnes f eagerness, zealds -nesse, -nysse
geornlıce adv eagerly, earnestly, attentivelycomp geornlıcor
ge-or-truwian WII despair of, distrustopt 3 sg geortruwige
ge-ræcan WI reach, obtainge-rad adj trained, prudent
as -radnege-rædan R and WI counsel, advise
2 sg -rædestPage 300ge-ræde n trappingsge-reafian WII seize
3 pl gereafiaDge-reccan WI relate, explain, count
ger -reccenneimp 2 sg -recepret 3 sg -rehtepret opt 2 sg -reahtepp pl -rehte
ge-recednis f narrationds -nisse
ge-refa m reevege-renian (geregnian) WII arrange, adorn
pp gerenodge-reord n speech, language
ds -reordege-reordung f refection, meal
as -reordungege-restan WI restge-rihtan WI correct
opt 3 sg gerihtege-rihte n law
ap gerihtage-riht-læcan WI direct, correct
ptc -læcendepp pl læhte
ge-ripan 1 reappret 3 pl gerypon
ge-risenlıc adj proper, suitableap -lıcecomp as lıcre
ge-risenlıce adv suitably, fittinglycomp -lecor
ge-ryman WI
widen, extend (trans)pret 3 pl rymdonpp rymedopen a way (intr)pp rymed[rum]
ge-ryne n secret, mysterynp gerynu[run]
ge-sælig adj happy, prosperous, blessedns sæliganp -sæligecomp np -sæligran[sæl; Ger selig]
ge-sæliglıc adj happy, blessednp -sæliglıca
ge-sæliglıce adv happilyge-sælD f happiness, fortune, prosperity
gp gesælDaap gesælDa
ge-sargian WII trouble, afflictpp as -sargodnepl -sargode
ge-sceadlıce adv discriminatingly, wiselyge-sceadwıs adj discriminating, intelligent, ratio-nal, wise
ns -sceadwısage-sceadwısnes f discretion, reason, wisdom
ds -nyssege-sceaft f
creature, creationds gesceaftenp gesceaftadestiny, decree (of fate)[scieppan]
ge-sceap ncreationds gesceapedestinyap gesceapu[scieppan]
ge-sceapenis f creationds -nisse
ge-scendan (-scindan) WI put to shame, con-found
pret 3 sg -scendepp -scinded[sceond]
ge-sceDDan 6 harm, injure (w dat)pret 3 sg -scod
46
3 pl -scodan[Ger schaden]
Page 301ge-scleppan (-scippan -scyppan) (principalparts: pret sg: -scop,-sceop pret pl: -scopon,-sceopon pp: -sceapen,-scepen ) -scæpen) create,make
pret 3 sg -scop, -sceoppp -sceapenpl -scæpene
ge-scınan 1 illuminate (trans)ge-scindan see: ge-scendange-scipian WII provide with ships
pp pl gescipodege-scyldan WI shield, protect
opt 3 sg -scyldepp -scylded
ge-scyldnis f protectionas -nysse
ge-scyrpan WI clothe, equippp as -scyrpedne[sceorp]
ge-scyrpla m garmentnp -scyrplan
ge-secan WI seekge-secgan WIII say, tell
pret 3 sg -sædepp -sæd
ge-seglian WII sailge-segnian WII cross oneself
pret 3 sg -segnode[segn]
ge-selda m hall-companion, comrade, retainerap geseldan
ge-sellan WI give up, yieldpret 3 pl -sealdon
ge-seman WI reconcile [Mod seem]ge-seon (-sıon) -seah -sawon (-sægon) -sewen (-sawen -segen) see, observe, consider
inf -sıonimp 2 sg -seohpl -seoDsg -seo2 sg -sihst3 sg -sihD1 pl -seoDopt 2 sg -seo3 pl -seonpret 2 sg -sawepp gesegen, gesawen, gesewen
ge-set n seat, habitationnp gesetu
ge-setnis f foundation, composition, narrative, de-cree
ds -nysseap -nyssa
ge-settan WIset, place, appointpret 3 sg gesettepp gesetedpl -settecompose, writepret opt 3 sg -sette
ge-seDan WI confirmpp pl -geseDde[soD]
ge-sewenlıc adj visiblenp -lıca
ge-sıclian WII sickenpp gesıcclod[seoc]
ge-siglan WI sailge-sihD (-syhD) f seeing, sight, presence
ds -sihDe, -syhDeas -sihDe, -syhDe
ge-singan 3 singpret 3 sg gesangpp gesungen
ge-sıon see: ge-seonPage 302ge-sittan 5 occupy
pret 3 sg gesætpp as -setenne (sit out)
ge-slean 6 gain by fighting, winpret 3 pl geslogon
ge-smyrian WII annointge-somnian (-samnian) WII collecty, assemble(trans)
pp -samnodpl -ode
ge-somnung f collection, assemblygs -ungads -unge
ge-sprec n interview, counselge-standan 6
standopt 3 sg -stondecome uponpret 3 sg gestod
ge-staþelian WII establish, build, confirm
47
pret 1 sg -staþelodepp -staDelad
ge-stæDDig adj steadfastds -stæDDegan
ge-steall n establishment, foundationge-stıgan 1 ascend (trans)
2 sg -stıgestpret 3 sg -stah
ge-stillan WIbe still, cease (intr)imp 2 sg gestillepret 3 sg gestildepl gestildonrestrain, stop (trans)pret opt 3 sg gestilde
ge-stıran (-stıeran, -styran) WI direct, restrain(w dat)
pret opt 3 pl gestırden[steor]
ge-strangian WII strengthenimp 2 sg -strangaopt 2 sg -strangiepret 2 sg -strangodestpp -strangod
ge-streon n possession, propertynp -streon
ge-strynan (-strıenan) WI (beget), acquire, win,gain
3 pl gestrynaDpret opt 1 sg gestrynde[ge-streon]
ge-sund adj sound, whole, safeas -sundnenp -sunde
ge-sundfull adj sound, wholens -ful
ge-sundfullıce adv safelysupl -lıcost
ge-swæs adj gentlege-sweorean 3 become dark, sad
opt 3 sg -sweorcege-swıcan (principal parts: pret sg: -swac pret pl:-swicon pp: -swicen ) 1 cease, leave off (w gen)
opt 2 pl -swyconpret opt 3 pl -swicon
ge-swinc n toil, effort, hardshipgs -suinces, -swincesds -swince
ge-swıns n harmony, melodyge-swustor (-tru -tra) f pl tant sisters
ap geswustrage-swutelian (-sweotolian) (principal parts: )show, make manifest
3 sg -swutelaDpret 3 sg -swutelodepp -swutelod
Page 303ge-synto f prosperityget see: gıetge-tæcan WI teach, show
1 sg getæcege-tacnian WII betoken, signify
pret 3 sg -tacnode3 pl -donpp -tacnod
ge-tacnung f signification, token, typeds -tacnunge
ge-tæl n number, order, narrativeds geteleas getæl
ge-teld n tent, tabernacleds getelde
ge-tellan WI tell, count, reckonpp geteald
ge-tengan WI hastenpret 3 sg getengde
ge-teon (principal parts: pret sg: -teah pret pl:-tugon pp: -togen ) 2 draw
3 sg -tyhDpret 2 sg -tuge3 sg -tehpp pl getogene (instructed)
ge-teorian WII diminish, fail, become exhaustedpret 3 sg geteorodepp geteorod
ge-timbre n structure, buildingap -timbro
ge-timbrian WII build3 sg -timbreDpret 3 sg -timbrode
ge-tımian WII happenpret 3 sg -tımode
ge-tıDian WII grant (w dat of pers and gen ofthing)
3 sg -tıDaDpret opt 3 pl -tıþodonpp -tıþod
ge-toht n battleds getohte
ge-truma m troop, (military) division
48
as -trumange-trymman WI prepare, strengthen, confirm
ptc -trymmendepret 1 sg -trymede3 sg -trymde
ge-tyn WI instructpp getyd
ge-Dæf adj (with gen) favoring, confessingge-þafian WII permit, allow, consent to
ptc -Dafiende3 sg -þafaDopt 2 sg -þafigepret opt 3 sg -Dafode
ge-þafung f permission, assentds -þafunge
ge-þand m n thought, purposege-þancian WII thank (w dat of pers and gen ofthing)
1 sg -þanciege-þeaht f n
thought, purposeds geþeahtecouncil, deliberation
ge-þeahtere m councilornp -þeahteras
ge-Dencean WI think, take thoughtge-Deodan WI join, associate
pret 3 sg -Deodde3 pl -don
ge-Deode (-Dıode) n languagegs -Deodes (nation)as -Deode, -Dıodegp -Deoda
Page 304ge-þeodnis f association
ds -nissege-þicgean 5 take, receivege-þingian WII plead for
pret opt 3 sg -þingodege-DingD (ge-DingDu) f dignity, rank, office
ds -DingDeas -DincDu[Dingan]
ge-þoht m thoughtds -þohte
ge-þolian WII permit, allowge-þrang n press, tumult
ds geþrangege-þryDan WI strengthen, arm
pp geþryDed
ge-Dungen (pp) adj grown, triven, perfected,competent, excellent, distinguished
ap -Dungeneap Dungnestan[Deon]
ge-þwære adj concordant, at peacege-Dwærian WII make concordant
3 sg -DwæraDge-Dwær-læcan WI agree to, allow (w dat)
pret 3 pl -læhtonge-þwærnes f agreement, concord, peace
as -nessege-Dyld n f patience
gs -Dylde[Ger Geduld]
ge-þyldig adj patientge-þydlıce adv patientlyge-uferian WII exalt
pp geuferodge-unnan PP grant (w dat of pers and gen ofthing)
opt 2 sg -unnege-un-trumian WII weaken, make ill
pp geuntrumodge-wadan 6 go, advance
pret 3 sg -wodge-wægan WI weigh down, distress
pp pl gewægdege-wald (weald) n power, controlge-wæpnian WII arm
pret 3 sg -wæpnodege-wealdan R wield, control (w gen)
pret 3 sg -weoldpp ds gewaldenumgewaldenum controllable, inconsiderable, small
ge-weman WI entice, bring overge-wemman WI defile, impair, destroy
pret 3 sg -wemdepp pl -wemmede
ge-wemmednis f defilementds -nysse
ge-wemming f defilementds -wemminge
ge-wendan WI return, gopret 3 sg -wende
ge-weorc nwork, laboris -weorcemilitary work, fortificationds -weorce
49
ge-weorDan (wurDan) (principal parts: pret sg:-wearD pret pl: -wurdon pp: -worden ) 3
happen, come to pass, become, be3 sg gewyrD3 pl gewurþaDopt 3 sg geweorDegewurDe þe and hym let it be between you(impers w reflex acc)swa swa hine silfne gewyrD according to his
own decreePage 305ge-weorDian WII honor
pp -weorDadpl -weorDade
ge-wıcian WII encamp, dwell3 sg -wıcaDpret 3 sg -wıcodepp -wıcod
ge-wilnian WII desire (w gen and acc)opt 3 sg -wilnigepret 3 sg -wilnode
ge-wilnung f wish, desireds -ungenp -unga
ge-win-dæg m day of strifenp -dagas
ge-winn n struggle, strife, battlegs -winnesds -winneas -winn
ge-winnan 3 obtain by fighting, win, gainpret 3 pl -wunnon
ge-wiss adj certain of (w gen)ns gewis
ge-wissian WIIinform, instruct, enjoin (w dat)pret 3 sg -wissodeguide, direct (w acc)
ge-wisslıce adv certainlyge-wita m witnessge-wıtan (principal parts: pret sg: -wat pret pl:-witon pp: -witen ) 1
depart, swerve, fail1 pl -wıtaD, -wytaDimp 2 sg gewıt2 pl -witaDopt 3 sg gewıte3 pl -tenpp pl gewitenedepart (from the world), die
3 sg gewıttge-witenlıc adj transitoryge-witennis f departure, death
gs -witenessege-wıtnian WII punish, chastise
pp pl -wıtnodege-witt n intelligence, understanding
gs -wittesds -witte
ge-wlitigian WII beautify, adornpp gewlitigad
ge-wrecan 4 avengege-write n writing, letter, scripture
gs -writesas gewritgp -writaap -writu
ge-wrıDan 1 bindpp pl gewryDene
ge-wuldrian WII glorifypp gewuldrod
gewuna m habit, customas -wunan
ge-wundian WII woundpret 3 sg -wundodepp -wundod
ge-wunelıc adj customaryge-wunian WII
dwell, remain, liveopt 3 pl -wunien (cogn acc)
Page 306gewyldan WI bring into one’s power, subdue
pp gewyld[ge-weald]
ge-wyrc(e)an WI work, make, createpret 1 sg -worhtepp geworht, geworct
ge-wyrdan WI injure, destroyge-wyrdelıc adj historicalge-wyrht f n work, deed, desertge-wyrman WI warm
pp gewyrmedge-wyrpan WI recover (from injury or disease)
pret 3 sg gewyrptege-wyrtian WII season with herbs, spice, perfume
pp gewyrtadge-yrsian WII be angry with (w dat)gieddian (gyddian) WII recite, speak
pret 3 sg gieddadegiedding f utterance
50
ap gieddingagiefan (gifan gyfan) (principal parts: pret sg:geaf pret pl: geafon pp: giefen ) 5 give
ptc gifende3 sg gifD
gief-stol m seat of a lord (giving gifts)ap giefstolas
giefu (gifu gyfu) f giftns gifuds gife, giefeas gife, giefe, gyfegp gifena, gyfena, geofena, geofona
gielp (gilp gylp) m n boasting, arrogance, pridens gilpgs gielpesds gylpe
gielpan (gylpan) 2 boast (w gen)inf gylpan
gielt (gilt gylt) m guilt, offence, sinds gylteap gieltas, gyltas
gıeman (gyman geman) WI care for, observe,regard (w gen)
3 sg gymDpret 3 sg gemde, gymde3 pl gymdonpret opt 3 sg gymde
gıemen (gymen) f care, oversight, responsibilitygs gıemenne
gıet (gıt gyt get gıta gyta) adv yet, besides,further, stillgif conj ifgıfernes f greediness
gs -nessegıfre adj greedygifu see: giefugilp see: gielpgilt see: gieltgimm (gymm) m gem
ns gimds gimmegp gimma
gim-stan m precious stone, gemnp -stanasgp -stanaap -stanas
Page 307gin-fæst (ginn-) adj ample, liberalgıo (geo gıu gyu ıu ıo) adv formerly, before, ofold
ıu ærDa gyu alreadygyt ... gu yet of old
giond see: geondgısel (gysel) m hostage
ns gyselds gısleap gıslas[Ger Geisel]
git see: Dugıt see: gıetgıtsian WII desire
ptc dp gıtsigendumglæd adj glad, happy, bright, shining
ds glædum, gladumas glædnesupl ns gladost
glædlıce adv gladlyglæd-mod adj glad-hearted
np -modeglæm m gleam, splendorglæs n glassgleaw adj wise, prudent
np gleaweGleaw-ceaster f Gloucester
ds -ceastregleaw-mod adj wise, sagaciousgleng m f ornament
np glengeasap glengas
glengan WI adorn3 sg glengeD
gleowian WII be merry, jestptc gleowiende
glıdan (principal parts: pret sg: glad pret pl: gli-don pp: gliden ) 1 glideglıw (glıg gleo) n glee, mirth
ds glıweglıw-stæf m joy
dp glıwstafumgnornian WII mourn, lament
ptc gnorngendeGod m God
gs Godesds Godenp godogp godaap godu
god adj goodns good
51
as god, gode, godannp goodegp godra, godenacomp ns betera (bettera), betra, betere, betresupl ns betstasupl is bestansupl np betstan
god nbenefitds goodeas goodgp gooda, godagoods, possessions
God-bearn n Son of Godgs -bearnes
god-cund adj divinegs -cundreds -cundrenp -cundangp -cundradp -cundan
god-cundlıc adj divinegs -lıcanas -lıce
god-cundlıce adv divinelygod-cundnis f divine nature, divinity
gs -nesseds -nysseas -nesse
god-dæd f good deedPage 308Godmundinga-ham m Goodmanham (Bernicia)god-spell n gospel
ds -spelleas -spel
god-spellere m evangelistns -spellerenp -spelleras
god-spellıc adj evangelicalds -spellıcan
god-sunu m god-songod-webb n purple (cloth)
as godwebds -webbe
gold n goldgs goldesds golde
gold-fæt n golden vesselds -fate
gold-hord n m treasure
gold-smiD m goldsmithnp -smiDas
gold-wine m (gold-friend), treasure giver, lordgomol adj old
ns gomel[*ga-mæl]
gong (gang) m path, courseas gang, gong
gongan (gangan, gengan) R go, walk, advance,march
ptc gongende, gangændeimp 2 sg gangopt 2 pl gangon
Got-land n Jutland, Gothland (island in theBaltic sea)grædelıce see: grædiglıcegrædig adj greedy
as grædignegrædiglıce (grædelıce) adv greedilygræg adj gray
is græganas græge
gram adj grim, angry, fierce, cruelnp grameap graman
grama m anger, wrathgs graman
granung f groaninggræs-wong m grassy plain
ds -wongeGrecisc adj Greekgrene adj green
np greneap grenan
greot n gravel, sand, earthgs greotesds greoteas greot
gretan WI greet3 sg greteD, gretopt 3 sg gretepret 3 sg grette
grimm adj fierce, cruelap grimme
grimme (grymme) adv grimlygrindan 3 grind, sharpen
pp pl gegrundenegriD n peace [ON griD]growan (principal parts: pret sg: greow pret pl:grewon pp: growen ) R grow
52
opt 3 sg growegrund m ground, bottom, earth, country, world
ds grundeas grundap grundas
grundlunga adv from the foundation, completelygryre-leoD n song of terror
gp -leoDagu-dæd (ıu-dæd) f former deed
gp -dædaPage 309guma m man, hero
np gumangp gumena
guD f battlegs guþe[cf Mod gon-falon]
guD-freca m warrior, valiant oneds -frecan
guD-hafoc m war-hawkguD-plega m war-play, battleguD-rinc m warriorgyden f goddess
ap gydena[god]
gyft (gift gieft) f (technically) marriage payment,dowry
pl marriage[Mod gift]
gyfl n foodgyfu see: giefugyldan (gieldan) 3 pay, requite
3 sg gylt, gilt3 pl gyldaD
gylden adj goldends gyldenumdp gyldnum
gylp, gylpan see: gielp, gielpangylp-word n boastful word
dp -wordumgylt see: gieltgyman see: gıemangyme-least (gıeme-least, -lıest) f neglect
ds -leastegym-stan see: gim-stangym-wyrhta m (gem-wright), jeweller
np -wyrhtangyrd f rod, twig
gp gyrdaap gyrda
gyrdan WI girdpret 3 sg gyrde
gyrela m robe, dress, garmentgyrn m f sorrow, misfortune
is gyrnegyrnan WI yearn, desire, be eager, strive
3 sg gyrneD[georn]
gyst (giest) m guest, strangernp gystas
gyt see: Dugyt, gyta see: gıetgytsere m misergytsung f avarice
gs gytsunge[gıtsian]
Hhabban WIII have
ger habbanne, hæbbenne1 sg hæbbe2 sg hafast, hæfst3 sg hafaD, hæfD1 pl habbaDopt 1 sg hæbbeopt 3 pl hæbbenpret 3 sg hæfdepret 3 pl hæfdon[(see næbban)]
had m condition, rank, officegs hadesds hadeas hadnp hadasgp hada[Mod -hood]
hador adj bright, clear [Ger heiter]hædre adv clearly (light or sound)hadung f ordination
ds -ungehafenian WII raise, lift up
pret 3 sg hafenode[hebban]
Page 310hafoc m hawkhæftan WI seize, bind, make captive
pp pl gehæftehæfting f captivity
as hæftingahægel (hægl hagol) m hail
ns hægl
53
gs hæglesis hagle
hægl-faru f hail-stormas -fare
hal adj hale, whole, sound, uninjuredds halumnp hale
hæl (halor) n welfare, salvationHælend m Saviour, Christ
ds Hælende, Hælendumas Hælende
halettan WI greet, salutepret 3 sg halette
hæleD (hæle) m man, hero, warriorns hælenp hæleDgp hæleDa[Ger Held]
halga m saintnp halgangp halgena
halgian WII hallow, consecratepret 1 pl halgodon
Halgo-land n Halgoland (a district of ancient Nor-way)halig adj holy
ns haligags halgands halganas haliggp haligra, halegrais halgestan (saints)
halignes f holiness, religiongs -nesse
hælo (hælu) f salvationgs hæleds hæleas hæle, hælo
hals (heals) m neck [Ger Hals]halsian WII greet, address, entreat, implore
1 sg halsigepret 3 sg halsode[hal]
halsung f entreatyds -unge
halwende adj salutaryham m home
ds hame, hamap hamasadv ham
hamor m hammergp hamora
Ham-tun-scır (-scyr) f Hampshireds -scıre
ham-weard adv homewardsham-weardes adv homewardshan-cred m cock-crowing (a division of the night)
ds -credehand see: hondhand-bred n palm of the handhand-ge-weorc n handiwork
ds -weorcehand-plega m hand-play or encounter, fighting
gs -pleganhar adj hoary, gray, old
ns harahara m harehærfest m harvest, autumn
ds -feste[Ger Herbst]
Page 311hæs f behest, command
gs hæse[hatan]
haso adj dark, duskyns haswa
haso-pad (hasu-) adj having a gray coat (of aneagle)
as -padanhaswig-feDre adj dusky-feathered
ns -feDrahat adj hot, fervid
ds hatannp hate
hatan (principal parts: 3 sg pres: heht pret sg:het,hatte pret pl: heton pp: haten ) R
order, command1 sg hate3 sg hateDpret 3 sg heht, heht, hetname3 sg hæt1 pl ha-taDpassive hatte: be called, hightpl hatene
hate adv hotlysupl hatost
hat-heort adj hot of heart, passionatehat-heorte f hot heart, anger
ds -heortan
54
hatian WII hate3 sg hataDimp 2 pl hatiaDopt 3 sg hatige
hætu (hæto) f heathæDen adj heathen
ns hæþenanp hæþene, hæþnangp -enra
hæDen-gyld n idolatryhæDen-gylda m idolater
np -gyldandp -gyldum
hæen-scipe m heathendom, idolatryHæDum (æt HæDum) Haddeby (now Schleswig)
ns æt HæDumds (of) HæDum, (to)
he (heo hit) 3d pers pron he, she, it, pl theym ns hem gs hism ds himm as hinef ns heo, hıof ds hiren ns hitn gs hisnp hıe, hı, hy, heogp hiera, hira, hyra, heora, hioradp him, heomas hıe, hı, heo
heaf m f n mourning, lamentationheafela (heafola) m head
np heafelanheafod n head
gs heafdesds heafdeas heafodis heafdeap heafdu
heafod-burh f chief city, metropolisheafod-monn m chief man
ap -mennheah adj high
ns hea, heahgs heands heanas heahne, heanne, heane, heacomp ns herracomp ds hıerrancomp as hyrran
comp np hıerransupl ns hehstesupl gs hıehstan, hehstan
Page 312heah-cyning m high king, Godheah-dıacon m archdeacon
np -dıaconasheah-engel m archangel
ds -engleheah-fæder m patriarch
ds -fæderenp -fæderas
heah-ge-refa m high reeve, chief officerds -gerefan
heah-mod adj proudheah-seld (-setl) n high seat, throne
ds -setleas -seld
heah-setl see: heah-seldheah-Dungen pp adj highly prospered, of highrank
np -Dungenehealdan (principal parts: pret sg: heold pret pl:heoldon pp: healden ) R hold, possess, preserve,regard, observe
ger healdanne, -enneopt 2 sg healdepret 2 sg heoldepret 3 pl hıoldanpret opt 1 pl heoldanpret opt 3 pl heoldon
healf f half, part, sideas healfeis healfeap healfeds healfegp healfaon heora healfe on their own part onlyon healfa gehwam on every side
healf adj halfds healfumnp healfeas healf geards oDrum healfum læs þe a year and a half less
thangs bynnan feorDan healfes dæges fæce (see
feorDan)healic adj high, exalted, glorious
ds -lıcumheall f hall
55
ds heallehealt adj halt, lame
ap healtehean adj low, mean, abject, depressed, humbled
ds heanan[Ger Hohn]
heanlıc adj ignominiousheannis f height, highness, excellence
as -nesseheap m heap, crowd, multitudeheard adj hard, severe, cruel, intrepid, brave
gs heardesds heardumcompns heardra
heardlıce adv stoutly, bravelyheardnis f hardness
as -nyssehearm m harm, injury, grief
gp hearmahearm adj harmful, hostile
gp hearmrahearpe f harp
ds hearpanhearpere m harper
gs hearperesds hearpere
Page 313hearpian WII harp
pret 3 sg hearpodehearpung f harping
ds -ungahearra m lord [Ger Herr]hearsum (hyrsum) adj obedient (w dat)heaDerian WII restrain
3 sg heaDeraDheaDo-lind f war-linden, shield
ap -lindeheaDo-rof adj famed in battle
gs -rofesheawan (principal parts: pret sg: heow pret pl:heowon pp: heawen ) R hew, cut, cut down, kill(trans and intr)
imp 2 pl heawaDhebban (principal parts: pret sg: hof pret pl:hofon pp: hafen,hæfen ) 6 heave, raise, lift up
3 sg hefeD3 pl hebbaD
hefig adj heavy, oppressivedp hefegum
compnp hefigran
hefigian WII oppresspp hefgad
hefignes f heaviness, weightas -nesse
hefig-tıme adj oppressive, irksomehelan 4 conceal [ger hehlen]hell f hell
gs hellehelle-susl n hell-torment
ds -suslehellıc adj hellish
ds -anhell-sceaDa m hell-fiend
np helsceaDanhell-waran (-ware, -waras) m pl inhabitants ofhell
gp -warahelp f help
as helpehelpan (principal parts: pret sg: healp pret pl:hulpon pp: holpen ) 3 help (w gen or dat)
opt 3 sg helpeheo see: heheofon (heofone, f) m heaven
gs heofenes, heofones, heofenan, heofonanas heofon, heofenan (or ap)gp heofenaap heofonas
heofon-cyning m King of heavengs -cyninges
Heofon-feld m Heavenfield (Bernicia)heofon-hrof n roof or vault of heaven
ds heofunhrofeheofonlıc adj heavenly
ns heofenlıc, heofenlıcags -lıcan, lecands -lıcanas -lıceis -lecan
heofon-rıce n kingdom of heavengs -rıces
heofon-tungol n m star of heavenheofung f lamentation, grieving
ds -ungeheolstor (heolster) m darkness, concealment,cover
ns heolsteris heolstre
56
heolstor-cofa m chamber of darknessnp -cofan
Page 314heonon adv henceheonon-weard adj hence-ward, passing awayheord f guardianship, keeping, care
as heordeheoro-dreorig adj dejected, crestfallen, sad untodeath
gs -dreoriges[heoro sword, dreosan]
heort (heorot) m hart, stagheorte f heart
gs heortanheorD-ge-neat m hearth-companion, retainer
np -geneatasheorD-werod n body of hearth-companions, re-tainersheow n (?) haw, enclosure [haga]her adv
herein this year
here m army (the Danish army)gs hergesds herigeas hereis herigenp hergas[Ger Heer]
here-flyma m fugitive from the army or from bat-tle
ap -flymanhere-geatu f war-equipment, arms [cf Mod heriot]here-hyD f war-spoil, booty
as -hyDds -hyDeap -hyDa
here-laf f remainder of an armyherenis f praise
ds -nesse, -nissehere-toga m leader of an army, chief [Ger Herzog]here-wıc f n dwellinghergaD m harrying, plunderinghergian WII harry, ravage, plunder
3 pl hergiaDpret 3 sg hergodepl -onpp gehergod[here]
herian (herigean) WI praise
inf herigean1 sg herige1 pl heriaD3 pl hergaD[Goth hasjan]
herig (hearh) m (idolatrous) temple, sanctuaryds herigeas herigap hergas
herigendlıce adv praiseworthilyheriung (herung) f praise
ds herungehersumian see: hyrsumianhettend m enemy
np hettend, hettendehicgan see: hycganhider (hieder) adv hither
hidres Didres hither and thitherhider-cyme m coming hither, adventhıeran (hıran, hyran, heran) WI
hearpret 3 sg hıerde1 pl hyrdonhear, obey (w dat)inf hyranpret 1 sg hyrdebelong3 sg hyrD3 pl hyraD
hierde (hirde, hyrde) m shepherd, pastor,guardian, guard
ns hirde, hyrdenp hierdas, hyrdasdp hirdum, hyrdonap hierdas, hyrdas[heord]
Page 315hierde-boc f pastoral treatisehıere-monn m follower, subject
np -menn[hıeran]
hige see: hygehıgian WII hie, hasten, strivehild f battle, war
ds hildehilde-rinc m warriorhindan adv from behind, behindhindan-weard adj hindwardhinder-weard adj backward, slowhiord (heord) f herd, flock
57
hirde- see: hierde-hierde-lic (hirde-, hyrde-) adj pastoral
gs hirdelecanhıred m n family, household
ds hırede[<hıw + ræd; Ger Heirat]
hıred-monn m retainernp -men
hit see: heohıw (heo) n hue, appearance
gs hıwes, hywesds hıwe, hyweis hıwe
hladan (principal parts: pret sg: hlod pret pl:hlodon pp: hladen ) 6 load, draw water, lade, im-bibehlæder f ladder
as hlædrehlaf m loaf, breadhlaford m lord, master, ruler
ds hlaforde[<hlaf + weard]
hlaford-leas adj without a lordhlæw m n mound, hill, mountain
np hlæwashleapan R leap
pret 3 sg hleophleo (hleow)
n protection, shelterm protector, lord
hleonian (hlinian, hlynian) WII lean, incline,slope
3 sg hleonaDopt 3 pl hlynigen recline (at a feast)
hleoDor n sound, harmony, songgs hleoDresgp hleoþra
hleoDor-cwide m (audible) utterance, commandhleoDrian WII cry aloud, proclaim, sing
3 pl hleoDriaDhlıfigan WII tower, rise high
3 pl hlıfiaDhlihhan (hliehhan, hlyhhan) 6 laugh
pret 3 sg hlohhlinc m declivity, hill
np hlincashlısa m fame, renown
gs hlısanhlısfullıce, adv with renown, famously
hlot n lot
hloD f band, troophlud adj loud
ds hluddreis hlude (or adv)
Page 316hlutor (hluttor) adj clear, pure
ns hluttords hluttrumas hluteris hluttreap hlutor[Ger lauter]
hlyn m soundhlynian see: hleonianhlyst f listeninghnæppan WI rest upon, strike
opt 3 pl hnæppenhof n court, dwelling
ds hofe[Ger Hof]
hogian WII think, reflect, resolveimp 2 pl hogiaDpret 3 sg hogode3 pl -onpret opt 3 sg hogodepp gehogod
hold adj gracious, favorable, faithfulas holdost[Ger hold]
holm m sea, oceanholm-þracu f wave-tumult, sea
as -þræceholt n holt, grove, forest, wood
gs holtesholt-wudu m forest, grove
ds -wudahon (principal parts: pret sg: heng pret pl: hengonpp: hongen ) R hang (trans)
pp gehongen ladenpl gehongene
hond (hand) f handds honda, handaas hond, handon gehwæþre hond on both sidesdp handum, handon
hongian WII hang (intr)inf hangian3 pl hongiaD
hopian WII hopeopt 1 pl hopien
58
hord n m hoard, treasurehord-cofa m (treasure-chamber), breast, heart
as -cofanhordian WII hoard
3 sg hordaDhorn m horn
np hornashors n horse
gp horsadp horsanap hors
hors-hwæl m walrushors-þegn m horse-thane, an officer of the royalhouseholdhosp m contempt, insult
ds hospehra (hraw, hræ, hræw) m corpse
ap hra[Goth hraiw]
hræd adj rapid, quickds hrædumis hræde[Ger hurtig, rasch]
hrædlıce (hradlıce) adv quickly, sooncomp hrædlıcor
hræd-wyrde adj quick, hasty of speechhræfn (hremm) m raven
np hremmashrægel (hrægl) n garment
ds hrægleas hrægl[Mod obs rail]
hran m reindeergs hranes
hraDe (hrade, hræDe, raDe) adv quickly, soonsupl radost
Page 317hra-werig adj weary in bodyhream m cry, noise, clamor, lamentationhreman see: hrymanhremig adj exultant (w gen or dat)
ns hremignp hremige, hremge
hremm see: hræfnhremman WI hinder
opt pret 3 sg hremdehreo (hreoh) adj rough, rude, savage, fierce, se-vere
ns hreohas hreoge
gp hreorahreodan (principal parts: pret sg: hread pret pl:hrudon pp: gehroden ) 2 adornhreofla m leper
ap hreoflan[hreof, rough]
hreohnes f roughnessds -nesse
hreosan (principal parts: pret sg: hreas pret pl:hruron pp: hroren ) 2 fall
ptc hreosende3 pl hreosaD
hreowan 2 rue, repent ofhreowsung f repentance
ds -ungehrepian WII touch, treat
3 sg hrepaDpret 3 sg hrepode
hreran WI stir [Ger ruehren]hreDer m n heart, thought
gp hreþrahrım m rime, hoarfrost
gs hrımesas hrımis hrıme
hrım-ceald adj rime-coldas -cealde
hrınan (principal parts: pret sg: hran pret pl: hri-non pp: hrinen ) 1 touch, smitehring m ring, circle; border; ornaments
ds is hringeas hrincgap hringas
hring-loca m corslet (formed of rings)ap -locan
hrıD f(?) snow-stormhrof m roof
gs hrofesds hrofe
Hrofes-ceaster f Rochesterds -ceastre
hruse f earthgs hrusan
hrycg m ridge, backhryman (hrıeman, hreman) WI cry out,lament, exult, boast (w gen)
inf hremanptc hrymende
hryre m fall, deathgs hryres (?)
59
[hreosan]hryDer (hrıDer, hrıD) n cattle
gp hryDera[Mod rother beasts; Ger Rind]
hryDig adj storm-beaten (?), tottering (?)np hryDge
hu adv howHumbre f the Humberhund m dog
np hundashund num hundred
ap hundehund-feald adj hundredfold
as -fealdnePage 318hund-eahtatig num eightyhund-nigontig num ninetyhund-twelftig num hundred and twenty
gs -twelftigeshungor (hunger) m hunger, famine
gs hungresds hungreas hungeris hungreap hungras
hunig n honeyhunig-swe-te adj honey-sweet, mellifluous
ds -swettrehunta m hunter
np huntanhuntoD (huntaD) m hunting
ds huntoDehuru adv certainly, indeed, especially, perhaps,abouthus n house
ds huseas husnp hus
husl n housle, eucharistgs huslesas husl
husl-gang m attendance upon, or partaking of,the eucharisthwa (hwæt) pron
(interr) who, whatns hwa, hua, hwætgs hwæsds hwamas hwætds to hwæm, for hwæm wherefore
is hwı, hwy, for hwı, for hwy, for hwon, forhwan why, wherefore
hwæt, interj what! lo! behold!(indef) anyone, anythingns hwa, hwætswa hwa swa whosoeverds hwæmas hwæne someoneswa hwæt swa whatsoeverto Dæs hwon however
hwæl m whalegs hwales, hwælesnp hwalas
hwæl-hunta m whale-fishernp -huntan
hwæl-huntaD m whale-fishinghwanan see: hwonanhwænne see: hwonnehwær (hwar) adv
(interr) where, wherever(indef) everywhere, anywherewel hwær nearly everywhereswa hwær swa wheresoever
hwæt see: hwahwæte m wheathwæt-hwugu (-hwegu)
pron somethingadv somewhat
hwæDer pron adj(interr) whether, which of twoas hwæDerne, hwæDer(indef)ds bı swa hwaþerre efes swa on whichever
sidehwæDer conj adv whetherhwæDre (hwæDere, hwæþere) adv however,neverthelessPage 319hwearfian WII turn, revolve, move (intr)
ptc hwearfiende3 sg hwearfaD3 pl hwearfiaD
hwelc see: hwilchwene see: hwonhweol n wheel
gs hweolesnp hweol
hweorfan (principal parts: pret sg: hwearf pret pl:hwurfon pp: hworfen ) 3 turn, return, move, go,come (intr)
60
3 sg hwerfD3 pl hweorfaDimp 2 pl hweorfaD
hwider (hwæder) adv whitherswa hwider swa whithersoever
hwierfan (hwirfan, hwyrfan) WI turn, return(intr)
ptc hwyrfende2 sg hwyrfestimp 2 sg hwyrfpret 3 sg hwirfde3 pl hwirfdon
hwıl f while, timeds hwıleDa hwıle De the while that, whileealle hwıle all the whileealle Da hwıle þe all the while thatoDre hwıle ... oDre hwıle at one time ... at
another timedp hwılum, hwılon sometimes
hwilc (hwylc, hwelc) pron adj which, what (in-terr or indef)
ds hwilcere, hwlcumas hwylcnp hwilce, hwylce, hwelce, hwelcns swa hwelc swa whosoever
hwıl-wende adj temporary, transitoryap l-wendan
hwıl-wendlıc (wıl-, -endlıc) adj temporary,transitory
ns hwılendlıcgs wılwendlıcesas -lıcandp wılwendlecum
hwylc see: hwilchwıl-wendlıce adv temporarilyhwirfan see: hwierfanhwıt adj white
gs hwıtesas hwıt
hwon n trifleas (adv) hwonis hwene (adv) a little, somewhat
hwonan (hwanan) adv whencehwonlıce adv moderately, slightlyhwonne (hwanne, hwænne) adv when (interr orindef)
nu hwonne just now, at any timehwopan R (boast), threatenhwylc see: hwilc
hwyrfan see: hwierfanhycgan (hicgan) WIII think, resolve
inf hicganopt 3 sg hycge
hyd f hideds hyde
Page 320hyge (hige) m mind, heart
ns higeds higeis hige
hyge-gæls adj hesitating, slow, sluggishns -gælsa[gælan]
hyht (hiht) m hopens hiht
hyhtlıce adv joyfullyhyldo f grace, favor [hold]hynan (hıenan, henan) WI treat with insult,despise, injure, lay low, fell
pret 3 sg hynde[hean]
hyran see: hieranhyrde see: hierdehyrne f corner
ds hyrnannp hyrnan[horn]
hyrned-nebb adj having a horny beakas -nebban
hyrsumian (hersumian) WII obey (w dat)1 pl hersumiaD3 pl hyrsumiaDpret 3 pl hersumedon
hyse m young man, warriorgs hyssesnp hyssasgp hyssa
Iic first pers pron I
gs minds meas mec (me)dual nom wit, wytdual gen uncer (twega)dual dat unc (bam)dual acc uncnp wegp uredp us
61
ap usic, usıdel (ydel) adj idle, vain, useless, empty, desolate
ns ydelgs ıdlesds ıdelumas ıdlannp ıdlan, idluon idel adv, in vain
idig (?) adj greedy (?)np idge
ieldra see: yldraierming (earming) m poor, wretched one
gp iermingaıeDian (yDian) WII fluctuate
ptc ieDegendeiggaD (ıgaD, ıgeoþ, ıgott) m eyot, small island
ds igeoDeas iggaD
ıg-lond n islandds iglandeas iglandnp iglandgp -landa
ilca (ylca) pron the samens ylca, ilcegs ilcands ilcanas ilcan, ilceis ilcan, ylcan
Ilfing the Elbingin prep w acc dat; adv in, intoin-bryrdnis f inspiration, ardor
as -nisse, -nesseinca m scruple, offence, ill-will
ds incanPage 321incer dual poss pron of you two
as increin-cund adj inward
ds incundanin-dryhten adj very noblein-dryhto f honor, gloryin-fær n entrancein-ge-hıd (-hygd) f thought, purposein-ge-Donc m n thought, mind
is -Doncein-gong m entrance
gs -gangesds -gongeas -gong
in-gongan R go inptc -gongende
innanprep (w dat, acc) in, withinadv
innan-bordes (gen) adv within borders, at homeinne adv within, inside, inintinga m cause, sake, occasionin-to (cf. in and to) prep (w dat and acc) into,to, againstin-weard adj inward, earnest; adv within
ds -weardrein-weardlıce adv inwardly, deeplyin-wit (in-wid) n guile, wickednessin-wit (in-widd) adj hateful, malign
ns inwittaıo see: gioıowan (eowan, ıewan) WI show, expoundıra-land (ır-land) n
Irelandds Irlande(probably an error for Iceland)
ıren (ısen, ısern) n ironirnan see: yrnanis see: beonıs n ice
ds ıseısen (ysen, ısern, ıren) adj iron, made of iron
ap ysenanıu see: gıoIudeas n pl the JewsIudeisc adj Jewish
np JudeiscaniugoD see: geogoDiung see: geongLla interj lo! behold!
hwæt lawei la wei alas!
lac n present, offering, sacrificeds laceas lacap lac[cf. Mod wed-lock]
lacan (principal parts: 3 sg pres: leolc pret sg: lecpret pl: lecon pp: lacen ) R leap, play, sport
3 pl lacaDlæce m leech, physician
ds læcenp læcas, læceas
62
ap læcaslæce-dom m medicine, remedylacnian WII treat with medical skill, cure
3 sg lacnaDPage 322lædan WI lead, conduct, bring
2 sg lædest3 sg lætopt 3 sg lædepret 3 sg læddepret 3 pl -on
Læden (Leden, Lyden) adj Latinns Ledengs Ledenesds Lædene, Ledenum, Ledeneas Læden, Lyden
Læden-boc (Lyden-) f Latin bookLæden-ge-Deode (-Diode) n Latin language
gs -Dıodesas -Dıode
Læden-ware pl m Latin people, Romanslaf f remnant, remainder
daroDa laf leavings of darts, survivors of battlegs lafe inheritanceds to laf remainingas wyrmes lafeswoles lafe: survival of the burning;ades lafefyres lafedp hamora lafum leavings of hammers, swords
læfan WI leavepret 3 sg læfdepret 3 pl -don
lagu (lago) m sea, lake, water [Ger Lache]lagu-flod m ocean-flood, sea
gp -flodalagu-lad f ocean-way, sea
as -ladelagu-stream m ocean-stream, sea, river
np -streamasLæ-land n Laaland (Denmark)lam m loam, clay
is lamelæn n loan
ds læne[Ger Lehen]
land see: londland-ar f possessions in land
ap -are
læne adj granted as a loan, temporary, transitory,perishable
gs lænanas lænnenp læne
lane (lone, lonu) f lane, streetap lonan, lanan
Langa-land n Langeland (Denmark)langian WII cause longing (impers w acc of pers)langsum adj long, lasting a long time
gs -sumands -sumum
langung f longing, griefds -unga
lar f lore, teaching, learning, doctrine, advicegs lareds lareas lareap lara
lar-cwide m precept, instructionlæran WI teach, advise, exhort
ger læranneptc lærende1 sg lære3 sg lærD, læreD3 pl læraDopt 3 sg lærepp læred, gelæred
lareow m teachergs lareowesas lareownp lareowasgp lareowaap lareowas[ON lero, lereo]
Page 323lareow-dom (larıow-) m instruction
gs -domes, larıow-ds larıowdomeas -dom
lærig m edge, border (of a shield)læs comp adv less
þe læs the lessþe læs conj lest (w opt)þy læs conj lest (w opt)þi læs conj lest (w opt)
læssa comp adj lessns læsseds læssanas læsse, læssan
63
supl læstsupl ns læsta; læsste
læst see: læssalast m track, footprint
ds on laste: behindas on last lecgan: followap lastas lecgan: go
lætan (principal parts: 3 sg pres: leort pret sg: letpret pl: leton pp: læten ) R let, allow, leave
3 sg læt3 pl lætaD (place)imp 2 sg læt
late adv late, tardily, slowlylaþ n injury, misfortune
gs laþeslaD adj loathly, hateful, hostile
ds laDerenp laDegp laDracomp as ladre
laD-ge-nıDla m (hostile) persecutor, foelaD-lıc adj loathsome
ns -lıcolæDD (læDDu) f injury, offence, malicelæwede adj unlearned, lay
ds læwedan, -um (for -an)[Mod lewd]
leaf n leafleaf-scead n leafy shade
ds -sceadeleahtor m moral defect, offence, crime
ds leahtreap leahtras[lean: to blame]
lean m n reward, gift, favords leanegp leana[Ger Lohn]
leanian WII reward, recompense (w dat of persand acc of thing)leas adj
loose, free from, bereft of (w gen)np leasefalse, deceptiveap lease
leasung f deception, falsehoodgs -ungeap -unga
leccan WI irrigate, lave3 pl leccaþ
[liccian: to lick]lecgan WI lay, put
imp 2 sg legeopt 3 sg lecgeinf lastas lecgan: go, journeypret 3 pl on last legdon: follow (w dat)[licgan]
lefan see: lıefanLega-ceaster f Chesterleger n lying, illness
ds legere[licgan]
lencten m springds lenctenne[Mod lent]
leo m lionas leon[Lat leo]
Page 324leod f
a people, nationds leodepl leode (leoda): peoplenp leodaap leoda[Ger Leute]
leod-bisceop m bishop (of a district)np -bisceopas
leod-fruma m first among a people, prince, kingas -fruman
leod-scipe m people, nation, countryds -scipe
leof adj lief, pleasing, dear, belovedgs leofesds leofanas leofnenp (voc) leofancomp ns leofra, leofre (or -ra)supl ns leofostsupl ns (voc) leofustasupl np (voc) leofostan, -estan
leoflıc adj pleasantleogan (principal parts: pret sg: leag pret pl: lugonpp: logen ) 2 lie, utter falselyleoht adj light, not heavy, easy
np leohteleoht adj light, bright, clear
is leohteleoht (lioht) n light, brightness
gs leohtes
64
ds lıohte, leohteas leoht
leoht-fæt n lantern, lampleohtlıc adj light, of little weight or importanceleoma m light, radiance, ray or beam of light
ap leomanleornere m learner, disciple, scholar
gs leorneresnp leorneras
leornian (liornian) WII learn3 pl leorniaDopt 3 sg leornigeopt 3 pl -enpret 3 sg leornode, -ade, liornodepret 3 pl -odon
leorning-cniht m discipleds -cnihtenp -cnihtas
leornung (liornung) f learninggs -ungeds liornunga, -ungeas liornunga
leoD n songgs leoDesas leoDis leoDenp leoD
leoD-cræft m poetic skill or artleoþ-song n song, poem
gs -songesleoDu-cræftig adj skilful of limbletania (lætania) m f litany
dp letaniumap letanias[Lat litanıa]
Levita (Lauita) gp the Lapithaelibban (lybban, lifgan) WIII live
ptc lybbende, lyfigendegs lifigendan3 sg leofaD3 pl libbaD, lifgaDopt 3 sg libbe, lybbe, lifgepret 3 sg lifde, leofodepret 3 pl leofodon
lıc n body, corpseds lıceas lıcap lıc[Ger Leiche]
lıcettan WI profess falsely, pretend
3 sg licetPage 325licgan (principal parts: pret sg: læg pret pl: læ-gon,lagon pp: legen ) 5
lie, lie deadptc licgende3 sg liþ, ligeD3 pl licgaDpret 2 sg lagepret 3 pl lagonextend, run (of land and stream)3 sg liD3 pl licgaDpret opt 3 sg læge
lıc-homa (-hama) m bodyns -hamags -hamands -homanas lychaman[Ger Leichnam]
lıc-homlıc (-hamlıc) adj bodilyds -lıcre, lıchamlıcere
lıc-homlıce adv corporallylıcian WII like, please (w dat; personal and imper-sonal)
3 sg lıcaD2 pl lıciaDopt 3 sg lıcigeopt 1 pl lıcianpret 3 sg lıcode
lıc-monn m pall-bearergp lıc-mannadp -mannum
lıc-rest f sepulchreds -reste
lid n shipgs lides[lıDan]
lıd-monn m sailor, piratenp -mengp -manna
lıefan (lıfan lefan) WI allow, permitpret 1 pl lefdon[leaf]
lıf n lifegs lıfesas lıf
lifer f liveras lifre
lıflıc adj pertaining to life
65
lıg (leg) m flame, fireis lıge[Ger Lohe]
lıg-bryne m burning of flames, burninglıg-þracu f violence of flames
ds -þræcelihtan WI alight (from a horse)
pret 3 sg lihtelıhtan (lyhtan) WI shine
3 sg lyhteD, lıhteD[leoht]
lim n limb, bodily memberdp leomumap leomu
Limen f the Limen (river or estuary in Kent)gs Limene
lind f (linden), shieldas lindeap linde
Lindes-ıg f Lindesey (dist in Lincolnshire)ds -ige
Lindis-farn-ea (-farena-ea) f Lindisfarne Island,Lindisfarneliss (<lıDs) f favor, delight
gp lissalıtel see: lytellıt-hwon adv littlelıDe adj mild, gentle
as lıDne[Ger gelinde; Mod lithe]
lıxan WI shine, glitter3 sg lıxeD3 pl lıxaD
locc m lock (of hair)ns locnp loccas
Page 326locian WII look
ptc lociendeimp 2 sg locaopt 3 sg lociepret 3 sg locode, locude
lof m praise, glory, song of praiseds lofeas lof[Ger Lob]
lofian WII praise3 pl lofiaD
lof-sang m song of praiselond (land) n land, country
ns landgs londesds londe, landeas land, londnp landgp londa
lond-wela m earthly possessionsap -welan
long (lang) adj longns langds langumnp langecomp ns lengra
longe (lange) adv longcomp leng, lencgsupl lengest
longlıce (lang-) adv longlosian WII be lost, escape
opt 3 sg losigepret 3 sg losade
lot-wrenc m deception, fraud, W Ileap -wrencas[lutan]
lucan (principal parts: pret sg: leac pret pl: luconpp: locen ) 2 lock, interlock, close up (trans andintrans)lufian (lufigean) WII love
1 sg lufige3 sg lufaDimp 2 pl lufiaDpret 3 sg lufodepret 1 pl lufodonpp gelufodpp as gelufedan
luflıce adv lovinglyluf-tyme adj benevolentlufu f love
ds lufanas lufe
Lunden-burg f Londonds -byrg, byrig
lust m lust, desire, pleasurelustlıce adv willinglylyb-cræft m skill in the use of drugs and of poison
ds -cræftelyft m f n the air
ds under lyfte, under lyft, on lyfte: on high, aloftis lyfte[Ger Luft]
Lyge f the Lea
66
ds Lyganlyge-word n lying word, lielyre m loss [leosan]lysan WI release, deliver [leas]lystan WI list, cause pleasure or desire (impers wacc of pers and gen of thing)
pret 3 sg lystelyt n little, small number, fewlytegian WII dissemble, feignPage 327lytel (lıtel) adj little, small
ds lıtlumas lytel, lytleis lytleap lytle[(see læssa)]
lytlian WII lessen, diminish3 sg lytlaD
Mma (mæ) comp adv; also noun (adj) indecl more
þon ma þe any more thanmæden (mægden) n maiden
gs mædenesas mæden
mæg m kinsmanns (son)ds mægenp mægas, magasgp magadp mægum, magum
magan PP may, be able1 sg mæg2 sg meaht3 sg mæg1 pl magon2 pl mage geopt 2 sg mægeopt 1 pl mægenpret 1 sg meahtepret 3 sg meahte, mehtepret 3 pl meahton, mehton, mihtonpret opt 3 sg meahte, mehte, mihtepret opt 3 pl meahten
mægen n main, strength, might, valor, virtuegs mægenesds mægneas mægenis mægene, mægnedp (miracles)
mægen-þrymm m great strength, majesty, glory
gs -þrymmesds -þrymme
magister m master [Lat]mæglıc adj belonging to kinsmenmago (magu) m son, manmægD f kin, tribe, province, nation
ds mægDemægD-had m virginity, purity
gs -hadesds -hade
magu-þegn m kin vassal, retainernp -þegnas
mæl n time, occasionap mæla[cf. Mod meal]
mældan WI speak, announcepret 3 sg mælde
man n evil, sings manes[cf. Ger mein-eid]
mænan WI mean, intendpret 3 sg mænde
mancus m mancus (the eighth of a pound, the sumof thirty pence)
gp mancessaman-dæd f evil deed
gp -dædaap -dæde
man-fremmend ptc m evil-doerdp -fremmendum
manfullıce adv sinfullyPage 328manian (monian) WII admonish, exhort, warn
ger manigenne1 sg manige3 sg manaDpret 3 sg manode, monade, manadepp pl gemanode
manig see: monigmænigeo see: menigumanig-feald see: monig-fealdmann see: monnmanna m (?) manna
ds mannan[Lat]
mann-cwealm m mortality, pestilencemara see: micelmæran WI make famous, glorify, honor
3 pl mæraDpp gemæred
67
mære adj famous, gloriousgs mæresas mærannp mæresupl ns mærost[Goth -mers, Ger Ma, Ma]
mærsian WII make famous, celebrate, glorify2 sg mærsast3 pl mærsiaD
martyr m martyrgp martyra[Lat]
mærD f fame, glory, honorgp mærDaap mærþa (famous things)
Maser-feld m Maserfeld, Oswestryds -felda
mæsse fmassas mæssanfestival dayds mæssan[L Lat missa]
mæsse-preost m mass-priestds -preostenp -preostas
mæsse-reaf f mass-robedp -reafum
mæst see: micelmæte adj intermediate, inferior
comp np mætransupl np mætestan
mæD f measure, degree, condition, fitness, right,honor
ds mæDemæDel n popular assembly
ds mæDlemaþelian WII address, harangue, speak
pret 3 sg maþelodemæDel-stede m place of assembly, battle-fieldmaþþum-gyfa (maþum-) m giver of treasure,lordmaþum (maþþum) m gift, treasure
gp maþmame see: icmeagol adj mighty, emphatic [magan]meaht, meahte see: maganmeaht (miht) f might, power
as meahtap meahte, mihte
meahtig (mihtig, myhtig) adj mighty, powerfulns myhtig, meahta
mearcian WII mark, represent, mark out, design3 sg mearcaD3 pl -iaD
mearh (mearg) m horsens meargds meareas mear
mearm-stan (marm-) m marble-stoneds -stane[Lat marmor]
mearþ m martengs mearDes
mec see: icmece m sword
gp mecaPage 329med (meord) f meed, reward
gs medeas mede, meorde (dial)
med-micel (-mycel) adj moderately great, lim-ited, small
ds -miclumas -myceldp -mycclum
medo (medu, meodo) m meadds meodoas medo
medomlıce (medumlıce) adv moderately,worthilymed-trymnes (trumnes) f infirmity, illness, dis-ease
as -nessemele-deaw m n honey-dew (?), mildew
gs deawesmen see: monnmengan WI mingle, mix, combine; disturb, lacer-ate
pret 3 sg mengdepp gemengedpp pl gemengde
menig see: monigmenigu (meniu, menigeo, mænigeo) f multi-tude
ns menegu, menigeo, mænigeoas menigu, mengu
mennisc n folk, race, peoplemennisc adj human
ns -isce
68
ds -iscumap -isce
menniscnes f human condition, incarnationds -nesse, -nisse, -nysse
meodo see: medomeodu-heall (medu-) f mead-hall
ds -heallemeolc f milkmeord see: medMeore More (district in Sweden)meos n moss
gs meosesMeotod see: MetodMeran-tun m Merton (Surrey)
ds -tunemere m mere, lake, sea
ds mereas merenp meras[Ger Meer]
mere-flod m sea-flood, seaMere-tun m Merton (?), or Marden (?) (Wilt-shire)
ds -tuneMeres-ıg f Mersea (Essex)
as -ıgemergD see: myrgDmetan WI meet, find
3 pl metaDpret 1 sg mettepret 3 pl -on
metan (principal parts: pret sg: mæt pret pl: mæ-ton pp: meten ) 5 mete, measure, compare
ger metanne2 pl metaDpp gemeten
mete m meat, fooddp mettum
mete-liest (lyst) f want of foodds -lıeste
metgian WII assign in due measure3 sg metgaD
Metod (Meotod) m Creator, Lordgs Meotodes, Metodesds Metode
met-trum (med-) adj infirm, illnp -trume
Page 330meDe adj weary
gp meDra
[Ger mu”de]micel (principal parts: pret sg: mycel pret pl: mic-cel pp: myccel ) great
ns mycel, miclags miclan, micelreds mycelum, micclumas miclne, micle, mycele, micele, micclenp micladp mycclumap myceleis adv w comp micle muchcomp mara, marecomp as marancomp ap maransupl mæstsupl as mæst, mæstan,mæstesupl is mæstesupl np mæstansupl gp mæstraadv miclum greatly
micelnes greatnessgs -nesse
mid prep w dat instr acc; adv with, among (asso-ciation, means, condition)
myd eallum altogether, entirelymid ealle with all else, withal (see ealle)mid þy whenmid þı (null)mid þy þe whenmid þam with that, thereuponmid þam þæt from the fact that, becausemid þam þe when
midd adj middleds middreas middesupl np midmestan
middan-geard (-eard) m earth, worldgs -geardes, -eardesas -geardis -gearde
middan-geardlıc (-eardlıc) adj worldlyap -eardlıce
middel adj middlesupl dp midlestan
middel (midel) n middleds midle
Middel-tun m Milton Royal (Kent)ds -tune
midde-neaht (-niht) f midnightmidde-weard adj mid-ward, middle of
69
miht see: meahtmihte see: maganmıl f mile
ds mılegp mıla[Lat mılia]
milde adj mild, mercifulns mildeds mildanas mildne
mild-heort adj mild-hearted, mercifulns -heortasupl ns myldheortesta
mild-heortnis f mild-heartedness, mercygs -nysseds -nesseas -nysse, -nesse
Page 331milts f mercy
gs miltsegp miltsa
miltsian WII show mercy, pity (w dat)3 sg miltsaDopt 3 sg miltsigepret 3 sg miltsode
miltsung (mildsung) f mercygs -unge
mın poss pron my, minegs mınesds mınumis mınenp mınemınes Donces adv by my will
mine m mind, purpose, remembrance, favoras minne[Goth muns; Ger Minne]
mirce (myrce) adj murky, dark, evilmiscian WII mix, apportion
3 sg miscaDmis-dæd f misdeed
np -dædamis-faran 6 go astray, transgress
3 pl -faraDmislıc adj various
ap mislıce, mislecamissenlıc adj various
np -lıcemis-wendan WI pervert
pp pl miswende
mıDan (principal parts: pret sg: maD pret pl:miDon pp: miDen ) 1 conceal (w gen) [Ger meiden]mod n mood, wind, courage, pride
gs modesds modeas modis modenp mod
mod-cearig adj sorrowful of heartmodelıc adj proud, splendid
ap -lıcomod-ge-þanc m purpose of mindmodig adj resolute brave, proud, haughty
ns modias modigannp modige
modignis f pride, haughtinessgs -nysse
modor (moder) f mothergs mederas modornp modru
modrige f maternal auntgs m-ddrian[modor]
mod-sefa m mind, heartas -sefan
mold-ærn n graveds -ærne
molde f mould, earth, land, world, countrygs moldan
mold-græf n gravemolsnian WII moulder, decay
pp molsnadmona m moon
gs monanmonaD m month
ds monDeas monaDgp monDaap monaDgs ??? monDas
mon-dryhten m liege lordmonig (manig, mænig, moni) adj many, manya
as manigne, monignp monige, menige, manegagp monigradp monegum, manegum, mænegumap manega
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Page 332monig-feald (manig-, menig-, -fald) manifold,various
dp manig-, menig-monig-fealdian WII multiply
pp pl gemonigfealdodemonig-fealdlıc (manig-, menig-, -fald) adj var-ious
ns manigfaldlıcmonig-fealdlıce (menig-) adv in the plural num-bermonn (mon, mann, man) m man; (indef) one
ns mon, monngs monnes, mannesds menas mon, monnan, mannannp menn, mengp monnaap men
monn-cynn (mann-) n mankindgs -cynnes, mon-as manncynn
mon-þwære adj gentle, graciousmor m moor
gs moresds moreas morap moras
morgen (mergen) m morningns mergends on morgenneas on mergenon oDerne mergen (null)
morgen-tıd f morning-timemotan PP may, have opportunity, must
2 sg most3 sg mot1 pl motonopt 1 sg motepret 3 pl mostonpret opt 1 sg moste3 pl moston
mund f hand [cf Ger Vor-mund]munt m mountain
np muntas[Lat mons]
munuc m monkdp munecum[Lat monachus]
munuc-had m monkhood, monastic rank
gs -hadesas -had
munuclıc adj monasticds -lıcre, -lıcan
munuclıce adv monasticallymunuc-lıf n monastic life, monasterymurnan (principal parts: pret sg: mearn pret pl:murnon pp: – ) 3 mourn, have anxiety or fear (wprep for)muD m mouth
ds muDeas muD
muDa m mouth of a river, estuaryds muþanon Lymene muþan (null)on Temese muþan (null)
mycel see: micelmylen-scearp adj ground sharp
dp -scearpum[mylen /mill/]
Page 333myndgung f admonitionmynegung f admonition
ds -ungemyngean (mynegian) II admonish, exhort
1 sg myngiemynster n
monasteryds mynstreas mynsterap mynstruminster, cathedral[Lat monasterium]
mynsterlıc adj monasticap -lıce
mynster-monn m monknp -men
Myrce (Mierce, Merce) m pl the Mercians, Mer-cia
gp Myrcenadp Myrcon, Myrcan
myrcels m markds mycelse[mearc]
myre f maregs myran[mearh]
myrgD (myrhD, mergD) f mirth, joyds mergDe, myrhDe
N
71
na (no) adv (adv conj) no, not, not at all, nor(usually strengthens ne)næbban WIII not to have
3 sg næfD, nafaD2 pl nabbe ge3 pl nabbaDopt 3 pl næbbennabbe gepret 3 sg næfde3 pl næfdon[< ne habban]
nacod adj naked, bareas nacedannp nacode
nædre f adder, serpentgs nædran
næfde, næfdon see: næbbannæfre adv nevernafu f nave
ds nafenægel m nail
dp næglumnægled-cnearr m nailed shipnah PP 1 sg have not [< ne ah]naht see: na-wihtna-hwær adv nowhere, in no casena-hwæDer (no-hwæDer, nawDer, nowDer,naDer)
pron neitherns naþeras nouDerConj neithernohwæDer ne ... ne neither ... nornawDer ne ... ne neither ... nornauDer ne ... ne neither ... nornaþer ne ... ne neither ... nor
nalæs (nales, nalles, nals) adv not at all [< naealles]nama (noma) m name
ds nomanas naman, nomannp naman
nan pron adj not one, nonegs nanesds nanum, nanreas nænne, nane[< ne an]
nænig pron no one, nonegs nængesas nænigne, nænig
[< ne ænig]Page 334nan-wuht (-wiht) n nothingnære, næron see: beonnæs see: beonnæs adv not, not at allnaþer see: na-hwæDernauht see: na-wihtna-wiht (no-wiht, nauht, naht, noht) n not awhit, nought, nothing; (adv) not, not at all
ds nauhteas nauhtnoht þon læs
nawDer see: na-hwæDerne adv notne adv conj and not, nor
ne ... ne neither ... nornead see: neodneah (neh)
near (adv) (of degree) nearly, almostcomp nearnear and near nearer and nearernear (adv; prep w dat)supl nyhst, nehst, nehste, neahst, neaxst3 adj supl as nıehstæt nextan next, finally
neaht see: nihtnea-læcan (-lecan) WI draw near, approach (wdat)
inf -lecan3 sg -læcþpret 3 sg -læcte, -lehte
nean adv from nearnear see: neahnearolıce adv narrowly, accuratelynearwe adv narrowly, artfullyneat (cf nyten) n neat, cattle
gp neatanea-wist (-west) f being near, proximity, pres-ence, neighborhood
ns -wistds -weste[neah, wesan]
nebb n bill, beakned see: neodned-Dearf see: nıed-Dearfneh see: neahneh-mæg (neah-) m near kinsman
gp -magadp -magum
72
nemnan WI name1 pl nemnaDpret 1 sg nemde3 sg nemndepp nemned, genemnedpl genemnode
nemne (nefne) conj unless, exceptnemþe (nimþe, nymþe) conj unless, exceptneo-bedd n bed for a corpse [Goth naus]neod (nead nıed nyd ned) f need, necessity,compulsion, force
is ??? nedeis neade necessarily
neodlıce adv zealouslycomp neodlıcor[neod, /desire/]
neorxna-wong (neorxena-) m paradisegs -wangesds -wangeas -wang, -wong, neorxena-[ne wyrcan]
Page 335neosung f visitation
as -ungeneotan 2 enjoy, use, employ (w gen) [Ger ge-niessen]neoDan (niDan) adv below, beneath, downnergend m Savior (Christ, God)
gs -es[nerian]
nest n nestds nesteas nest
neten see: nytennıed-be-Dearf adj necessary
supl np nıedbeDearfostanıed-Dearf (ned-) f need, necessity
as nedDearfenıeD-Dearf (ned-) adj necessary
ns ned-nıg-hworfen (pp) adj newly converted
ds -hworfenumnigon num nine
dat nigonumnigoDa num ninth
ds nigoDanniht (neaht) f night: in reckoning time the equiv-alent of Mod /day/ (cf sennight, fortnight)
gs neahte, nihtes (adv masc form due to associ-ation with dæges)
ds neahtegp nihtaap nyht
niht-helm m cover or shade of the nightniht-rest f night’s rest, couch
as -resteniht-scua m shadow of nightniman (principal parts: pret sg: nom,nam pret pl:nomon,namon pp: numen ) 4 take, sieze
3 pl nimaDimp 2 sg nim2 pl nimaDpret 3 sg nam3 pl namon
Niniueisc adj Ninevitishgs Niniueiscre
nioDo-weard adj beneathnıpan (principal parts: pret sg: nap pret pl: niponpp: nipen ) 1 grow dark
3 sg nıpeDnis see: beonnıD m hatred, envy, malignity
gp nıDaniþera (niþerra) comp adj lower
ap niþerannıwan (nywan, nıwane, nıwe, neowan, neen)adv newly, recentlynıwe (nywe, neowe) adj new, fresh
as nywnegp nıwenaap nıwan
no see: nanoht see: na-wihtno-hwæDer see: na-hwæDernolde, noldon see: nyllannorD adv north, northwards, in the north
comp norDorsupl norþmest
norDan adv from the northbe norDan (prep w dat) north of
NorDerne adj Northernns NorDerna
norDe-weard adj northwardds -weardumas -weard
NorD-hymbre pl m the Northumbrians, Northum-bria
gp -hymbradp -hymbron
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73
NorD-hymbrisc adj Northumbriands -iscum
NorD-monn m Norwegiannp -mengp -manna
norD-ryhte adv northwardNorþ-sæ f North SeaNorþ-wealas pl m the (North) Welsh, (North)Wales (as opposed to West Wales, i.e. Cornwall)Norþ-weal-cynn n the (North) Welsh
gs -cynnesnorD-weard adj northward
gs -weardes, advds -weardum
NorDweg Norwaynos-þyrel n nostril
ap nosþirlunotu f office, employment
ds note[neotan]
nouDer see: na-hwæDernu
adv, nowconj, now that, since
nyllan (nillan) not to will, be unwilling1 sg nylle, nelle3 sg nele3 pl nyllaD, nellaDpret 3 sg nolde1 pl noldonpret opt 3 pl noldon[<ne willan]
nytan (nitan) not to know1 sg nat3 sg nat2 pl nytonopt 3 sg nytepret 3 sg nyste, nysse[<ne witan]
nyten adj ignorantnp nytenan[ne witan]
nyten (nıeten, neten, cf neat) n neat, domesticanimal, cattle, beast
ns netends nytenegp nytenaap nytenu
nytennis f ignoranceds -nysse
nytlic adj useful, profitable [Ger nutzlich]nyttnes (nytnes) f use, benefit
gs -nesse, nytnissenyt-wyrDe adj useful
supl np -wyrDostenyDer (niDer) adv downnyDerlıc (niDerlıc) adj lovelynywan, nywe see: niwan, niweOo, oo see: aof prep (w dat) of, from (place and material), from,among, concerning; adv offof-axian WII learn by asking
pret 3 sg ofaxodeofer prep (w acc) over, across, after, above, upon,superior to, contrary to, against
ofer bæc backwards (cf under bæc)Page 337ofer m shore, bank
ds ofre[Ger Ufer]
ofer-cuman 4 overcomepret 3 pl -comon
ofer-drıfan 1 overcomeger -dryfenne
ofer-eaca m surplusas -eacan
ofer-feran WI traverseofer-freosan 2 freeze over
pp oferfrorenofer-gietan 5 forget, disregard
opt 3 pl -gietonofer-gyldan WI cover with gold, gild
pp np ofergyldanofer-hlıfian WII over-tower
3 sg -hlıfaDofer-mægen n over-mastering might
ds -mægneofer-metto f pride
dp -mettumofer-mod n overweening courage, confidence
ds -modeofer-modigian WII be proud, arrogate
2 pl -modie3 pl -modigaD
ofer-stıgan 1 rise above, surpasspret 3 sg -stah
ofer-swiDan WI overcomeinf -swyDanpret opt -swıDde
74
pp -swyDedpl -swıDde
ofer-winnan 3 overcomepret 3 sg -wann
ofestlıce (ofostlıce, ofstlıce) adv hastily, quicklyofestum (ofstum) adv hastily, quickly [*of-est]ofett (ofet) n fruit [Ger Obst]of-faran 6 overtake, intercept
pret 3 pl -foronoffrian WII offer, sacrifice
pret 3 sg offrodepp geoffrod[Lat offerre]
offrung f offering, sacrificeds -unge
of-gan demand, seek, imploreopt 1 pl ofgan
of-giefan (-gifan, -gyfan) 5 give up, quit, desert3 sg -gıefeDpret 3 sg -geaf3 pl geafon
of-hreowan 2 pity (w gen)pret 3 sg -hreow
of-linnan 3 ceasepret 3 sg oflan
of-lystan WI fill with desire, pleasepp oflyst
of-munan PP recollect3 sg ofman
of-sceotan 2 shoot downof-seon 5 see
pret 3 sg ofseahof-settan WI beset, oppress, afflict
pp -settap -settan
of-slean (principal parts: pret sg: -slog pret pl:slogon pp: -slægen ) 6 strike, slay
pret opt 3 sg slogepp -slegenas -slægennenp -slægenegp -slægenra
Page 338of-stingan 3 stab to death
pret 3 sg -stangoft adv often
comp oftorsupl oftost
of-þrysmian WII choke3 pl -þrysmiaD
[þrosm, smoke, vapor]o-leccan WI subdue, flatter, soothe, please
opt 3 sg olecce[leccan, moisten]
ombiht m servant [Ger Amt]on prep (w dat instr acc) on, at, during, in,into, among, against (time, place, manner, circum-stance, and condition)
on tu into two partson dægon nihton riht adv, rightlyon ær adv, formerlyon uppan uponon emulange along
on-ælan WI kindle, set on fire, consume by firepp onæled
on-bærnan WI kindle, inspire, incitepp -bærnedpl -bærnde, -bærnede
on-bıdan (an-) (principal parts: pret sg: -bad pretpl: -bidon pp: -biden ) 1
abide, tarryimp 2 sg onbıdawait (w gen)
on-blotan (principal parts: pret sg: bleot pret pl:-bleoton pp: -bloten ) R sacrificeon-bregdan 3 move, bow (intr)
3 sg -brygdeDon-bryrdan WI inspire, exalt
opt 3 sg onbryrdepp onbryrd, onbryrded[brord, prick, point]
on-bryrdnis f inspiration, ardords -nysse
on-byrigan (-byrgan) WI taste (w gen)pret 1 pl onbyrigdon
on-cnawan (principal parts: pret sg: -cneow pretpl: -cneowon pp: -cnawen ) R recognize, acknowl-edge, understand, know
1 sg oncnaweimp 2 sg oncnawopt 3 sg oncnawe3 pl oncnawon
on-cweDan 5 address, answerpret 3 sg -cwæD
on-cyrran WI turnopt 3 pl oncyrron
ond (and) conj andondettan see: andettan
75
ond-git see: and-gieton-drædan (principal parts: 3 sg pres: -dreordpret sg: -dred pret pl: -dredon pp: -dræden ) Rfear (trans, and w reflex dat of pers and acc ofthing)
ptc pl -drædendan2 sg -drætst3 sg -dræt2 pl -drædaDimp 2 sg -dræd2 pl -drædaDopt 3 sg -drædepret 2 sg -drede1 pl andredon
Page 339on-drynne adj awful, exciting, reverenceond-swarian WII answer
pret 3 sg -swarade, -ode, -ede3 pl -odon, -edon
ond-weard see: and-weardon-emn (on-efn) prep (w dat) near, alongside ofonettan WI (incite), hasten, be active
3 sg onetteDpret 3 sg onette[*on-hatjan]
on-fægnian WII show gladnesson-feohtan 3 fight
ptc onfeohtendeon-findan 3 find, find out, discover, learn
pret 3 sg -funde3 pl -fundonpret opt 3 pl -funden
on-fon (principal parts: pret sg: -feng pret pl: -fengon pp: -fangen ) R receive (w gen, dat, acc)
ger onfonne1 sg (w gen, partake) onfo3 pl onfoDimp 2 sg onfohopt 2 sg onfo1 pl onfon3 pl (w gen, stand sponsor)as onfongne
on-foran prep (w acc) before (time)on-gean (an-gean, on-gen, agen) prep (w datand acc) towards, against; adv, opposite, in theopposite direction, back
eft ongean back againongel-cynn see: Angel-cynnongel-þeod f the Anglian, English people or na-tion
ds -þeodeon-ge-mong (on-ge-mang, on-mang, a-mang)prep (w dat) among
onmang þam, amang þam adv, whileon-gietan (-gitan, -gytan) (principal parts: pretsg: -geat pret pl: -geaton pp: -gieten,-giten,-gyten) 5 perceive, understand
inf ongeotanger -gitanne1 sg ongite2 sg ongitst3 sg ongit3 pl ongitaDimp 2 pl ongitaDopt 3 pl ongiten, ongytenpret 3 sg ongetpret opt 3 pl ongeaten
on-ginn (an-ginn) n beginningns ongynds onginne, anginne, angynne
on-ginnan (principal parts: pret sg: -gonn,-gannpret pl: -gunnon pp: -gunnen ) 3 begin, attempt
3 sg onginD, onginneD3 pl -aDopt 3 pl onginnenpret 3 sg ongan, ongonap -gunnenan
on-gyldan 3 repay, suffer the penalty for (w gen)pret 3 pl onguldon
Page 340on-gytenes f knowledge
gs ongytenesseon-hætan WI heat
pp onhætedon-hebban 6 raise up
pp pl onhafeneon-hlıdan 1 uncover, open, reveal
pp onhlidenon-hon R hang
pp anhangenon-hreodan 2 adorn
pret 3 sg onhreadon-hyldan WI incline
pret 3 sg onhyldeon-leohtan WI light up, illuminate
pret 3 sg onleohteon-lıc (an-lıc) adj like similar (w dat)
ns anlıcnp -lıcesupl ns -lıcost
76
on-lıce adv similarlysumes onlıce somewhat like
on-lıcnes (an-) f likeness, imagens (voc) anlıcnesds -nisse, -nysse, -nesseas -nesse
on-lutan (principal parts: pret sg: -leat pret pl:-luton pp: -loten ) 2 bow, incline (intr) [Mod lout]on-lyhtan WI enlighten, illuminate
3 sg onlyhtpret 2 sg onlıhtest
on-mang see: on-ge-mongon-middan prep (w dat) amid, at the middle ofon-munan PP consider worthy of or entitled to (wacc of pers and gen of worth)
pret opt 3 pl onmundenono (one, eno) interj lo! behold!
ono hwæt behold!on-rıdan 1 ride (on a raid)
pret 3 pl onridonon-sawan R sow
pp onsawenon-scunian WII shun, avoid, detest, fear
ptc onscungendpret 3 sg -scunede3 pl -scunedonpret opt 3 sg -scunode
on-secgan WIII offer, sacrifice (trans)on-sendan WI send
opt 2 sg -sendeon-sıen (an-, -sın, -syn) f appearance, face,sight, presence
ns ansynds ansıneas onsıene, onsyne, an-
on-sıgan (principal parts: pret sg: -sah pret pl:-sigon pp: -sigen ) 1 descend
ptc ds onsıgendumon-slæpan R fall asleep, sleep
pret 3 sg -onslep, onslepteon-springan 3 spring forth
3 pl -springaDon-stal m institution, supplyon-stellan WI place, establish, create
pret 3 sg onstealdeon-sund (an-sund) adj sound, whole, healthy
ns ansundgs ansundannp ansunde
on-sundnis (an-) f soundness
ds ansundnyssePage 341on-syn f lack, deficiency [seon, ’sift’]on-teon (principal parts: pret sg: -teah pret pl:-tugon pp: -togen ) 2 assume, take upon oneself
3 pl onteoDon-tynan WI open (trans and intr)
pret 3 sg ontyndepp pl ontynede[tun]
on-Dræce (an-) adj dreadfuldp anDræcum
on-wæcnan WI awake3 sg onwæcneD
on-weald (an-, -wald) m power, authorityns anwald, onwaldgs anwealdes, -waldesds -waldeas -wald
on-wendan WI turn, change, amend, pervert,overturn, end (trans)
3 sg -wendeDimp 2 sg -wendpret 3 sg -wendepp -wendedpl -wende
on-wreon 1 uncover, revealpp onwrigen
on-wrigennis f (uncovering) revelationas -wrigenysse[wreon]
on-wunigan (-wunian) WII dwell, remainon-wunung f habitation, dwelling
ds ungeon-ywan WI show, manifest
opt 2 sg onyweopen adj open
as openanopenlıce adv openlyor (cf ord) n beginningord n
point, spear-point, speards ordebeginningfront of an army, line of battle (cf Lat acies)
ord-fruma m beginning, author, chiefor-eald adj very old [Ger uralt]orf n cattle [weorf, weoruf]organa f organ
gs organan
77
[Lat organum]or-sorglıce adv without care or hindrance
comp orsorglıcoror-sorh adj free from care
comp np orsorgransupl np orsorgoste
orþlan (oreþlan) WII breathe, aspire [oroD]or-þonc m skilful device or workoD prep (w acc) up to, as far as, until (time andplace)
oD De conj, until that, until,oD Dæt conj, until that, until,oD Dis conj, until that, until,oD nu conj, until that, until
oþ-beran 4 bear awaypret 3 sg -bær
oD-eawian WI appear, become visible, show one-self
3 sg -eaweDoDer (oDor) other, the other (one of two), another,the second, the next
ns oDerugs oDresds oDrum, oDre, oDerreas oDer, oDre, oDerneis oDregp oDerrans oDer ... oDer the one ... the otherds oDrum ... oDrum the one ... the otheras oDre ... oDre, oDer ... oDer the one ... the
otheris oþre sıþe ... oþre sıþe the one ... the other
Page 342oD-fæstan WI set to (a task)
pp pl -fæsteoD-feallan R fall off, decline
pp sg oDfeallenuoD-fleogan 2 fly away
3 sg -fleogeDoD-rowan R row away
pret 3 pl -reowonoD-scufan 2 push away, move off, hasten (intr)
3 sg -scufeDoD-standan 6 stand fixed
pret 3 sg -stodoDDe conj or
oDDe ... oDDe either ... oroD-windan 3 escape
pret 3 sg -wand
oD-witan (principal parts: pret sg: -wat pret pl:-witon pp: -witen ) 1 reproach, lay to one’s charge
pret 3 sg oDwat[Mod twit]
o-wiht pron anythingPpællen adj of purple
dp pællenumap pællene[pæll <Lat pallium]
pallium m pallium [Lat]Panta m the Panta or Blackwater (Essex)
as Pantanpapa m pope
gs papan[Lat]
papan-had m papal dignitypapol-stan m pebble-stone
ap -stanas[Lat papula]
paralysis f (?) paralysisas paralysın[Gr Lat]
PaDmas Patmospea (pawa) m peacock
ds pean[Lat pavo]
Pedride (Pedrede) the Parret (Somerset)ds Pedredan
Peohtas pl m the Pictspistol m epistle, letter [Lat epistola]plega m play, festivity, pleasure
ds pleganplegian WII
playcontend, fightpret 3 pl plegodon
pleoh n perilpleolıc adj perilous, harmful [pleoh]port m port, harbor
ds porte[Lat portus]
post m postds posteas post[Lat postis]
prass m (?) tumult (?), pomp (?)ds prasse
preost m priestnp preostas
78
[Lat presbyter]preost-had m priest-hood
gs -hadesprica m point, dot
ds pricanPage 343Pryfetes floda m Privet’s flood, Privet (Hamp-shire)
ds -flodanpytt m pit [Lat puteus]Rracu f narrative, account, observation
as racerad f ride, journey, raid
ds radeap rade
ræd m rede, counsel, adviceds rædeas ræd
rædancounsel, advise, decide, R and W Ipret 3 sg rædde3 pl ræddonread, explain, W Iger rædenne3 sg rætpret 3 pl ræddonpp gerædpl gerædde
ræd-bora m councilloras -boran
rædiing f readinggs -inge
radost see: hraDeræfnan WI perform, undergo [<*ar-æfnan]rand m border, shield
ap randasrap m roperæran WI raise [rısan]rarian WII cry, mourn
ptc rarigenderæsan WI rush, hasten
ptc resendepret 3 sg ræsde
raþe see: hraDeread adj red
ds readumas read
Readingas pl m Readingreaf n dress, armor
recan (reccan) WI reck, care (w gen)3 pl reccaD, rohton
reccan (reccean) WI narrate, tell, interpretinf reccean2 sg recstpret 2 sg reahtes3 sg rehte3 pl rehton
reccere m ruler, teacherrec(c)eleas adj reckless, careless
np -leaseregollıc adj according to rules, regular
dp regollecumregollıce adv according to rulesreliquias ap relics
dp reliquium[Lat]
ren (regen) raings renes
renian WII prepareger renigenne
ren-scur (regen-) m shower of rainnp -scuras
reocan (principal parts: pret sg: reac pret pl: ru-con pp: rocen ) 2 reek, smoke
ptc as reocendnereord n speech, voice
is reordereordian WII speak
3 pl reordiaDpret 3 sg reordade
rest f restds reste
restan WI restimp 2 pl restaD
Page 344reste-dæg m day of rest, sabbathreDe adj fierce, cruel
as reDanrıce adj powerful, of high rank and authority, rich
ns rıcads rıcangp rıcraap rıcan, rıcecomp as rıcransupl ns rıcostsupl np rıcostan
rıce n kingdom, sovereignty, authoritygs rıcesds rıce
79
ricene (ricone, rycene, recene) adv quickly,hastily, instantlyrıclıce adv powerfullyrıcsian (rıxian) WII rule, reign
3 sg rıxaD3 pl rıcsiaDpret 3 sg rıcsode, rıxode3 pl rıcsedon
rıdan (principal parts: pret sg: rad pret pl: ridonpp: riden ) 1 rideridda m riderriht (ryht) adj right, just, correct
as rihtecomp ns rihtre
riht (ryht) n rightas on riht, aright, rightly
rihte (ryhte) adv rightly, justlyDær rihte thereupon, straightaway
riht-fremmende (ryht-) (ptc) adj right-doing,righteousriht-ge-lyfed (-lefed) (pp) adj having the rightfaith, right-believing
ap -lefedanrihtlic adj rightrihtlice (ryht-) adv rightlyriht-norþan-wind (ryht-) m direct north wind
gs -windesrihtwıs adj righteous
ns -wıserıman WI count, number
pret 3 sg -rımde[Mod rime]
rınan rainopt 3 sg rıne
rinc m man, warriorgs rinces
rip (ryp) n reaping, harvestgs ripes, rypes
rıxian see: rıcsianrod f rood, cross
gs rode (cf rode-tacn)ds rodeas rode
rode-hengen f crucifixionds -hengene
rode-tacn (-tacen) n sign of the cross (in manycases not a compound)
ds -tacneas rodetacn, rode tacn, tacn þære rode, ænre
rode tacn, þysee rode tacen
rodor m sky, heavensas rodor
Romana gp m Romans, RomeRomana rıce
Romana-burh f city of Romeds -byrig
Page 345Romanisc adj Roman
np -lace, -lacanRome ds city of Romeromm m ram
as romgs rommes
rose f roserotian WII rot
3 sg rotaDrotlice adv cheerfullyrum adj roomy, spacious
np rumerum-mod adj magnanimous, bountiful, liberal
np -moderun f (rune), secret meditation
ds runerycene see: ricenerymet n room, spaceSsæ m f sea
gs sæs, sæwe, sæds sæas sæ
sacerd m priestgp sacerda[Lat sacerdos]
sacu f strife, war, battleds sæcce[sacan]
sæd n seedgp sæda
sæd adj sad, sated with, weary of (w gen) [Gersatt]sædere m sowerSæfern f the Severn
gs Sæferneds Sæferne, Sæfern
sægan WI cause to sink, settlepp sæged[sıgan]
sagol m club, staff, polenp saglas
sæ-grund m sea-bottom
80
sæl m fprosperity, happiness, joytime, occasionds sæleas sæl[cf ge sælig]
sælan WI bind [sal; Ger Seil]sæ-lida m sea-farer, pirate
as -lidansalowig-pad (saluwig-, salu-) adj having a dark,dusky coat (of a rave)
as -padansælD f happiness, blessing
gp sælDasam conj sam ... sam, whether ... orsame adv similarly
swæ same in like mannersamod see: somodsæ-monn m sea-man
np -mendp -mannum
sam-worht pp adj half-wrought, unfinished [cf Latsemi-]sanct m saint [Lat sanctus]sand f
missionas sandeservice (of food), course, repastds sande[sendan]
sar adj sore, grievousnp sare
sar m soreness, disease, painds sare
sarig adj sorry, sadPage 346sæ-rima m sea-shore, coast
ds -rımansæ-rinc m sea-man, piratesarlıc adj sorrowful, sad
ds -lıcresarnis f affliction, distress, suffering
ns sarnysds -nysse
sar-wracu f sorrowful, persecution or tribulationds -wræce
sæ-strand m sea-strandds -strande
Satanas (Satan) m Satands Satanase, Satane
[Lat Satana, Satan]sawan (sæwan) (principal parts: pret sg: seowpret pl: seowon pp: sawen ) R sow
ger sawenne3 sg sæwDpp gesawenpl gesawene
sawol (sawl) f soulns sawel, sawlgs sawleds sauleas saule, sawlenp saula, sawlagp sawla
scafan (principal parts: pret sg: scof pret pl:scofon pp: scafen ) 6 shave, scrapescanca m shank, leg
np scancanscand (sceand, scond, sceond) f shame [GerSchande]sceadu (scead, n) f shadow, shade
ds sceade, scadeap sceadu
sceaft m shaftscealc m servant, man, rogue
np scealcas[Ger Schalk; cf Mod marshal]
sceamian (scomian) WII shame (impers w accof pers and gen of thing)
3 sg scomaDseamu (scamu, scomu, sceomu) f shame, dis-honor
ds sceame, scomesceap n sheep
gp sceapaap sceap
sceard adj (broken), bereft of (w gen) [Mod shard]scearplıce adv sharply, quicklyscearpnis f sharpness
as -nyssesceat m corner, lap; district or quarter (of theearth)
gp sceata[Ger Schooss]
sceatt m money, treasure, payment, tribute [cfMod scot-free]sceaD (scæD) f sheath
ds sceaDesceaDa m enemy, fiend, criminal
gs sceaDan
81
[sceDDan]sceawian WII see, behold, examine (trans)
ger sceawigenneptc sceawigende3 pl sceawiaDimp 2 sg sceawaopt 3 sg sceawige
sceawung f seeing, surveyingds -unge
Sceo-burh f Shoebury (Essex)ds -byrig
sceocca (scucca) m evil spirit, demon, devilgp scuccenaap sceoccan[sceoh; cf Mod shy]
Page 347sceorian WI refuse
pret 3 sg sceoredesceotan (principal parts: pret sg: sceat pret pl:scuton pp: scoten ) 2
shoot (trans and intr)push, thrust (trans)imp 2 pl sceotaD
sceppend see: slieppendsceDDan (principal parts: pret sg: scod,sceod pretpl: scodon,sceodon pp: scaDen ) 6 scathe, injure(w dat)
3 sg sceDeDscieppan (scippan, scyppan, sceppan) (prin-cipal parts: pret sg: scop,sceop pret pl:scopon,sceopon pp: scepen,sceapen ) 6 create
pret 3 sg sceopscieppend (scippend, scyppend, sceppend) mcreator
ns scippend, scyppendgs scyppendesds sceppendeas scyppend
scildan WI shield, protectpret 3 sg scilde
scınan (principal parts: pret sg: scan pret pl: sci-non pp: scinene ) 1 shine
ptc scınende3 sg scıneD, scyneDopt 2 pl scınon3 pl scınen
scip (scyp) n shipgs scipesds scipe, scypeas scip
np scipugp scipaap scipu, scypu, scypa
scipen (scypen, scepen) n stall, shed for cattleds scipene[cf Mod shop; Ger Schuppen]
scip-flota m sailor, sea-mannp -flotan
scip-here m fleet, squadronscippend see: scieppendscip-rap m ship-rope, cable
ap -rapasscır adj sheer, bright, clearscır f shire, district, division
gs scıreds scıre (military division)as scıre
Sciringes-heal m Sciringesheal (Norway)ds -healeas -heal
scır-monn m shire-mannp -men
scofettan WI shove, push (trans)3 sg scofett
scolu f shoal, multitudescomian see: sceamianscomu see: sceamuScon-eg f Skaane (southernmost district of theScandinavian peninsula)scop-ge-reord (sceop-) n language of poetry
ds -reordescortlıce (sceortlıce) adv shortly, brieflyScottas (Sceottas) m pl the Scots
gp Scottascrın n shrine, chest
ds scrıne[Lat scrınium]
scrud n shroud; garment, clothingscucca see: sceoccascufan (principal parts: pret sg: sceaf pret pl: scu-fon pp: scofen ) 2 shove, push (intr)Page 348sculan (sceolan) PP shall, ought, be necessary
1 sg sceal2 sg scealt3 sg sceall1 pl sculon2 pl sceole ge3 pl sculon (without inf)opt 3 sg scyle
82
pret 3 sg sceolde (according to report; cf Gersollte)
3 pl sceoldon, scoldonpret opt 3 sg sceolde1 pl sceoldon3 pl sceolden, scolden
scur m showerscyld (scield, scild) m shield, protection; portionof a bird’s plumage
ds scyldeas scyldap scyldas
scyld f guilt, offense, sings scyldegp scyldaap scylda[sculan; Ger Schuld]
scyld-burh f shield-defense; phalanxscyldig adj guilty
ds scyldganscyld-wyrcende ptc adj evil-doing, sinfulscyll (scell) f shell, scale
ds scyllescyndan WI hasten (intr)
ptc scyndendescyne (scıene) adj sheen, bright, beautiful [Gerschon]scyppend see: scieppendscyttel (scyttels) m shot, missile; bolt, bar
ap acyttelas, scyttelsas[sceotan]
Scyttisc adj Scottishas Scyttysc
se (seo, þæt) dem pron; def art this, that, the(he, she, it)
m ns sem gs þæsm ds Dæm, þamm as þonef ns seo, sıof gs þæref ds þæref as þan ns þætn gs þæsn ds þamn as þætn is (m and n) Dy (Dı, Dig, De, Don)np þagp þara (þæra)
dp Dæm (Dam)ap Dags Dæs adv from that point of time, afterwardsDæs De from the time that; with what; according
to what, as far as, asDæs for this causeto Dæs to that extent or degreeis (w comp) þy sweotolor the more clearlyþy ... þyþe læs lestþon ma þe any more thanto Don to that degreebe þy hereby[All forms are frequent as antecedents to the rel-
ative particle De, thus forming the usual relativepron; the particle is sometimes omitted. See fur-ther: be, for læs, mid, to]sealm m psalm
ap sealmas[Lat psalmus]
sealm-scop m psalmistPage 349sealt adj salt
ap sealteSeal-sudu m Selwood Forest (Wessex)
ds -wudusearolice adv artisticallysearu (searo) n art, trick, snare
ap (or as) searodp searwum, adv, skilfully
Seaxe m pl Saxons, Saxonysecan WI seek, strive after
ger seceanneptc secende3 sg secD3 pl secaDto him secaD seek to them forpret 1 sg sohte
secg m man, warriorgp secgaap secgas
secgan (secgean) WIII say, utter, tell, discussinf secggan, secggean1 sg secge2 sg sægst3 sg segD (impers), segeD3 pl secgaDimp 2 sg saga, segepret 1 sg sægde, sæde3 sg sægde, sæde
83
3 pl sægdon, sædonsefa m mind, mood, spirit
as sefansefte adj soft, pleasant
as seftnecomp as seftran
segel m n sailds segle
segen (segn) m n sign, ensign, mark, token [Latsıgnum]seglian WII sail
pret 3 sg seglodesegnian (senian) WII make the sign of the cross,cross oneself
ptc segniendeseldan (seldon) adv seldomseld-cuD adj seldom known, unusual, rare
gs -cuDansele m hall [Ger Saal]sele-dream m joy of the hall, revelry, festivity
np -dreamassele-secg m hero of the hall, retainer
ap -secgasself (seolf, sielf, silf, sylf) pron; adj self, selfsame
ns selfa, self, silfgs seolfesds selfum, selfre, seolfum, sylfumas seolfnenp selfe, selfan, seolfan
selflıce n pride, vanity (=adj, selfish, vain, puffedup)self-willes (sylf-) (gen) adv voluntarilysella comp adj better
ns sellesupl ns selestsupl np selestansupl gp selestena
sellan (syllan) WI sell, give, yieldinf syllanptc syllende3 sg seleD, silD, sylDimp 2 sg sele, syle2 pl sellaDopt 3 sg sellepret 3 sg sealde3 pl sealdonpret opt 3 sg sealdepp geseald
Page 350sellic adj seldom, choice, wonderful [<seld-lıc]
sellıc adj better, superioras sellıcran
sendan WI send3 sg sentimp 2 sg sendpret 3 pl sendonpp sended, send
senep m n mustardgs senepes[Lat sinapi; Ger Senf]
seo see: seseoc (sıoc) adj sick
ns sıocaas sıocne
seofon (syfen, syfan) num sevennp seofone
seofon-feald adj seven-foldap -fealde
seofoDa num seventhas seofoDe
seolfor n silverds seolfreas seolfor
seolh (siolh) m sealgs seoles, sıoles
seomian WII tarry, abide, continue (intr)3 sg seomaD
seon (principal parts: pret sg: seah pret pl:sawon,sægon pp: sewen,sawen ) 5 see, look
ger seonneseonaD m synod, assembly [Lat synodus]set n seat, entrenchmentsetl n seat, throne
gs setlesds setleas setl
settan WIset, placepret 2 sg settest3 sg settecompose, writepret 3 pl setton[sittan]
si, sıe, sig see: beonsibb f relationship, friendship, peace
ns sibgs sibbeas sibbegp sibba[Ger Sippe]
84
sib-ge-dryht f peaceful hostsiblıc adj peaceable
ap siblecansibling m relativesiccetung f sighing, sigh
as -ungeSicilia-land n Sicily
ds -landesicol m sicklesıd adj wide, extensive
as sıdne, sıde, sıdan[cf Mod side]
sıde adv widelysıde f side
ds sıdansido see: siodusıd-weg m wide waysiendon see: beonsıgan (principal parts: pret sg: sag,sah pret pl:sigon pp: sigen ) 1 sink, settle down, approach
3 pl sıgaDpret 3 sg sah[seon, sift]
sige m victorySigen f the Seine
ds Sigenesige-wong m plain of victoryPage 351siglan WI sail
pret 3 sg sigldesigor n m victory
gp sigorasigor-fæst adj victorioussigor-lean m reward of victorySillende Zealandsimle see: symblesın reflex poss pron hissin, sind, sindon see: beonsinc n treasure
gs sincesas sinc
sin-caldu f perpetual cold [symble; cf GerSingrun]sinc-gyfa m giver of treasure, lordsinc-þegu f receiving of treasure
as -þege[þicgan]
sin-dream m everlasting joysin-gal adj constant, continual
ds -galan
sin-gallıce adv continuallysingan (principal parts: pret sg: song pret pl: sun-gon pp: sungen ) 3 sing, compose poetry
ptc singendeimp 2 sg sing
sıoc see: seocsiodu (siodo, sido) m custom, morals
ns sidoas (or ap) siodo[Ger Sitte]
siolh see: seolhsittan (principal parts: pret sg: sæt pret pl: sætonpp: seten ) 5 sit, take one’s position, remain
ptc sittende3 sg sitimp 2 pl sittaDopt 2 sg sitte
sıD comp adv latersıD and ær[Ger seit]
sıD mjourney, going, motiongs sıDesds sıDeas sıDis sıDetime, occasionoDre sıDe ... oDre sıDe on one occasion ... on
another[sendan]
siDe-mest supl adj latest, lastns -mesDa (dial)
sıD-fæt m journeysiDian WII travel, go (intr)
opt 1 sg siDiepret 3 sg sıDode3 pl -edon
siDDan (syDDan, seoDDan < sıDDon, syþþan)adv (conj) since, after, that, afterwards, whenslæp m sleep
ds slæpeon slæpe
slæpan (slapan) (principal parts: pret sg: sleppret pl: slepon pp: slæpen ) R sleep
ptc slæpende, slapende3 sg slæpDopt 3 sg slape
slean (principal parts: pret sg: sloh,slog pret pl:slogon pp: slagen,slægen,slegen ) 6
strike, smite, slay
85
imp 2 sg sleahpret opt 3 sg slogepp geslægen, geslegensg geslagena (smite wth an affliction)construct
Page 352slege m stroke, blow, slaughter, death
ds slege[slean]
sliht (slieht) m slaughter, destructionds slihte[slean]
slıtan (principal parts: pret sg: slat pret pl: slitonpp: sliten ) 1 slit, tear (trans)slıþen (slıþe) adj perilous, grimsmæl adj small, narrow
comp ns smælresupl ns smalost
smeagan (smean) WIII think, reflect upon, con-sider (trans and intr)
3 sg smeaD3 pl smeagaDopt 3 sg smeagepret 3 sg smeade
smeaung (smeagung) f contemplation, reflec-tion
ds -ungasmiD m smith
gp smiDasmiDDe f smithy
ds smiDDansmolt adj mild, peaceablesmylte adj mild, tranquil, peaceable
ds smyltreis smylte[smolt]
smyltnes f smoothness, quiet, calm [smolt]smyrian (smerian, smyrwan) WI anoint [sme-oru]snaw m snowsnell adj quick, active, keen, bold
ns snelnp snelle[Ger schnell]
sniDan (principal parts: pret sg: snaD pret pl:snidon pp: sniden ) 1 cut [Ger schneiden]snıwan WI snow
opt 3 sg snıwesnotor (snottor) adj discerning, wise
ns snottor
np snottresnude adv quickly [Ger schleunig]snytro (snyttru) f discernment, wisdom [snotor]snyttru-cræft m discerning skill or mightsofte adv softly, easily, pleasantly
comp softorsolor (solere) m soler, upper floor or chamber
ds solore, solere[Lat solarium; Ger Soller]
somnian WIIcollect, gather together (trans)3 sg somnaDassemble (intr)3 sg (for 3 pl ?) somnaD[Ger sammeln]
somnunga (semninga) suddenly, forthwithsomod (samod) adv together
somod ætgædereson m sound
gs sones[Lat sonus]
sona adv soonsong (sang) m n song, poem
gs songesis songenp song
song-cræft m art of song and poetrysorg (sorh) f sorrow
ns sorhds sorge
Page 353sorg-full adv sorrowful
comp ap -fulransoD adj sooth, true
gs soDannp soDeds to soDe, adv, in truth, trulydp to soDon
soD-cyning m true King, GodsoD-fæst adj true, faithfulsoþ-fæstnis f truth
gs -nyssesoDlice adv verily, truly, indeedspæc see: sprecanspaca m spoke
gs spacannp spacan
spætan WI spitpret 3 pl spætton
spearca m spark
86
as spearcanspearwa m sparrowsped f speed, success, riches, power
as spednp speda
spedan WI accede (w dat)2 pl spedaD[sped]
spedig adj prosperous, rich, powerfulspel-boda m messenger [beodan]spell n saying, story, narrative, message
gs spelleas spellnp spellgp spella
spere n spearap speru
spillan WI spill, destroysplott n splotch, blot, spotspor n track, footprint
ds spore[Ger Spur]
spowan (principal parts: pret sg: speow pret pl:speowan pp: spowen ) R succeed (impers w dat)[cf Ger sputen]spræc f speech, language, saying, discourse
gs spræceas spræceap spræca
sprecan (specan) (principal parts: pret sg: spræcpret pl: spræcon pp: sprecen ) 5 speak
ptc sprecende3 sg spricD, spriceD, sprecDpret 3 sg spæc3 pl spræcan
sprengan WI fly into pieces, burst, break (intr)pret 3 sg sprengde[springan]
springan (principal parts: pret sg: sprong pret pl:sprungon pp: sprungen ) 3 spring (intr)
pret 3 sg sprangspyrian (spyrigean) WI; W II follow, search, in-quire (intr)
inf spyrigean3 pl spyriaD[spor]
staca m stakeds stacan
stæde-fæst see: stede-fæststæf m staff, rod; letter, writing
ds stafe[cf Ger Buchstabe]
stæl-here m predatory, marauding army or banddp -hergum
stæl-hran m decoy-reindeernp -hranas
Page 354stæl-wyrDe adj stalwart, serviceablestan m stone, rock
ds stanenp stanas
stan-clif n stony cliffnp -clifu
standan see: stondanstænen adj of stone
ns stæneneds stænenneap stænene[stan]
stan-hleoþ (hlıþ) n stony declivity, cliffap -hleoþu
stan-scylig adj stone-shelly, stonyap -scyligean[scyll]
stæp-mælum (dp) adv step by stepstær n story, history, narrative
gs stæresas stær[Lat historia]
stæD n shoreds stæDe, staþe[standan; Ger Gestade]
staDelian WII establishpret 3 sg staDelode[staDol, foundation]
steap adj steep, lofty, precipitousas steape
stearc adj stark, strongsteda m steed, stallion
as stedanstede m stead, placestede-fæst (stæde-) adj steadfast
np -fæste, stæde-stefn (stemn) f
voice, soundds stefne, stemneis stefnem, summons, term of military serviceas stemn[Ger Stimme]
87
stefn (stæfn) m stem, prow of a shipds stefne
stemn see: stefnstemnettan WI stem, resist, stand firm (intr)
pret 3 pl stemnettonstenc m stench, odor, fragrance
as stencsteng m stang, pole, rod, bar
ap stengas[stingan]
steor-bord n starboard, right side of a shipsteor-reþra m steersman
ds -reþransteort m tail
ds steorte[cf Mod start]
steppan (stæppan) (principal parts: pret sg:stop pret pl: stopon pp: stapen ) 6 step, advance,gostician WII
stick, stab (trans)pp gesticodstick, remain (intr)3 pl sticiaD
stıgan (principal parts: pret sg: stag,stah pret pl:stigon pp: stigen ) 1 ascend, rise, spring up
3 sg stıgeDopt 3 sg stigge[cf Mod sty]
stihtan WI incitepret 3 sg stihte[Ger stiften]
stille adj still, fixedds stillannp stille, stillu
stilnes f stillness, quietds -nesse
Page 355stincende (ptc) adj stinking, of offensive smell
supl ns stincendiste[stincan]
stingan (principal parts: pret sg: stong pret pl:stungon pp: stungen ) 3 sting, stab, push through(trans)
imp 2 sg stingpret 3 sg stang
stıD adj stiff, firm, stern, resolute, braveas stıDan
stıD-hycgende (ptc) adj firm of purpose, resolute,brave
stıD-hydig (-hygdig) adj firm of purpose, reso-lutestıDlıce adv stoutly, boldly, severely
comp stıDlıcorstoce m stock, stake
ds stoccestod-hors n stallionstondan (standan) (principal parts: pret sg: stodpret pl: stodon pp: standen ) 6 stand, occupy aplace, arise (intr)
inf standan3 sg stent, stynt, stondeD3 pl stondaD
storm m stormis stormenp stormasgp storma
stow f placeds stoweas stoweap stowa[Mod stow]
stræl m f arrow, dart [Ger Strahl]strand m strand
ds strandestrang see: strongstrangian WII strengthen
ptc strangende[strong]
stranglıc adj strongds -lıcre
stranglıce adv stronglystræt f street, road
ds stræt[Lat strata]
stream m streamap streamas
strec (stræc) adj stern, severens strecags strecan[streccan]
strengDu (strengD) f strengthstrong (strang) adj strong
as strangnenp stronge, strangecomp ap strangran
stund f brief period of time [Ger Stunde]Stur-mere m estuary of the Stour (Essex)stycce-mælum (dp) adv piecemeal; here andthere
88
styman WI steam (intr)3 sg stymeD[steam]
styrman WI storm (intr)opt 3 sg styrme[storm]
styrian WI stir, move (trans and intr)pret 3 sg styredon (w refl acc)
sua see: swasub-dıacon (-deacon) m subdeaconsuelc see: swilcsuD-stæD n south coast
ds -stæDesum pron adj some, certain, some one, certain one(w gen)
gs sumesds sumumds sumreas sumneis sumenp sume, sumuap sume, suma, sumusum ... sum a part ... the restsumes adv somewhatsumum ... sumumsume dæge one daysum hund about a hundredsyxa sum one of six (with five others)
Page 356sumor (sumer) m summer
gs sumeres (adv)ds sumera
sumor-lida m summer-army (one that does notwinter in the country) [lıDan]sun-bearo m sunny grovesun-beorht adj sun-brightsundor adv apartsund-plega m sporting in the waves, bathing
ds -plegansunnan-dæg m Sundaysunnan-uhta m Sunday morning
ds -uhtansunn-beam m sunbeamsunne f sun
gs sunnanm sunna (?)
sunu m songs sunaas sunu, sunaap suna
supan (principal parts: pret sg: seap pret pl:supon pp: sopen ) 2 sup, drink
ger supennesusl n torment
ap suslosuD adv south, southwardssuDan adv from the south
be suþan prep (w dat) south ofwiD suþan (w acc) (null)
suþerne adj southernsuDe-weard adj southwardsuD-rima m south coast
ds -rimansuD-rodor m southern skysuþ-ryhte adv southwardssuD-sæ m f south-sea (the sea south of England)SuD-seaxe pl m South Saxons, Sussex
gp -seaxnasuwian see: swigianswa (swæ) adv (dem and rel) so, as (manner, de-gree)
swa forD so forthswæ same in like mannerswa Deah howevereac swa alsoswa swa sa as, just asswæ swæ (null)swa ... swa as ... asswæ ... swæ swæ so ... (just) asswa swa so thatswa ... swa (w comp) the ... theswa oft swa wheneverswa hwider swa whithersoeverswa hwa swa whosoeverswa hwæt swa whatsoeverbı swa hwaþerre efes swa on whichever side
swæcc m odor, fragrancePage 357swalıce adv so, thusswan m swan
gs swanesswan m swain, peasant, young manswar (swær) adj heavy, grievous [Ger schwer]swæs adj beloved, own
as swæsneswæsendu pl n dainties, banquetswat m sweat, blood
is swateswæD n swath, track, footprint [swaDu]sweart adj swart, black, tawny
89
ds sweartanswefn (swefen) n sleep, dream [swebban]sweg m sound, harmony
is swegegp swega
swegan WI sound, have sound or import (intr)3 sg swegD[cf Mod swoon]
swegel (swegl) n sky, heavensgs sweglesds swegleas swegel
swegel-condel f candle or luminary of heavengs -condelle
swelc, swelce see: swilc, swilceswelgan (principal parts: pret sg: swealg pret pl:swulgon pp: swolgen ) 3 swallow (trans)
3 sg swelgeDsweltan (principal parts: pret sg: swealt pret pl:swulton pp: swolten ) 3 die
3 sg sweltopt 3 sg swelte
swencan WI trouble, molest, afflict, torment3 sg swenceDopt 3 sg swencepp pl geswencte, geswencede[swincan]
sweng m stroke, blowgs swenges[swingan]
Sweo-land n SwedenSweom dp m the Swedessweora (swura, swıra, swyra) m neck
ds suıranas sweoran, swuran, swyran
sweord (swurd, swyrd) n swordds swurdeas sweord, swurdis sweordegp sweorda
sweotol (swiotol, swutol) adj clear, manifest,distinct [cf Goth swikunþs]sweotole adv clearly
comp sweotolersweotolian WII make manifest
3 sg sweotolaDsweotolıce (swutelıce) adv clearlyswer m pillar, column
ds swereas swer
swete adj sweetas swetnecomp ns swetrasupl as swetestesupl ap swetestan
swetnis f sweetnessgs -nysseds -nesseas -nisse
sweDrian WII diminish, subside (intr)3 sg sweDtraD
swıc-dom m deceptionswift adj swift
comp np swiftransupl ap swyftoste
Page 358swıgian (swugian, sugian, suwian) WIII besilent
3 sg swıaDimp 2 sg suwapp geswıged[Ger schweigen]
swilc (swylc, swelc) pron adj suchds swylcere, swylce, suelcdp swylcum, swilcum, suelcumas swylc swylce such as
swilce (swylce, swelce) adv conj(w indic) in such manner, thus, likewiseeac swylce (null)eac swelce (null)(w opt) as if, as though
swimman (principal parts: pret sg: swomm pretpl: swummon pp: swummen ) 3 swim
3 pl swimmaDswın (swyn) n swine, hog
gp swynaswincan (principal parts: pret sg: swonc pret pl:swuncon pp: swuncen ) 3 swink, labor, toil, strive(intr)
3 sg swincD2 pl swincaD[swingan]
swingan (principal parts: pret sg: swong pret pl:swungon pp: swungen ) 3 whip, swinge, scourge,strike, beat
imp 2 pl swingaDswingel f whip, scourge
as swingle[swingan]
swınsian WII sound, make melody, sing
90
3 sg swınsaDswınsung f melody, harmony
ds -ungeswıra see: sweoraswıD (swyD) adj strong, active, severe
comp ns swıDre, swyDrecomp ds swyDrancomp as swıDran[Ger geschwind]
swıDe (swyDe) adv very, exceedingly, severely; (insupl) especially
for swyDe very severelycomp swıþor, suıDor, swyþorsuıDor þonne rather thansupl swıDostealles swıþost most of alleallra swıþust most of all
swıDlıc adj intense, excessiveds -lıcre
swol n heat, burninggs swolesds swole[swelan, /sweal/]
swongor adj heavy, inert [Ger schwanger]swura see: sweoraswurd see: sweordswuster (sweosteor) f sister
gs swysteras swuster
swutelıce see: sweotolıceswylc, swylce see: swilc, swilceswylt-cwalu f agony of death
as -cwaleswylt-hwıl f hour of death
ds -hwıleswyn see: swınswyra see: sweorasylen f gift
as sylene[sellan]
sylf see: selfsylfren adj of silver
ds sylfrenan[seolfor]
Page 359syll f sill, base, support
ds syllesymbel n feast, banquet
ds symblegp symbla
symble (symle, simle) adv ever, always [sin +mæl]symle see: symblesyn-bend m f n fetter of sin or of hell
ap -bendassyn-byrþen f burden of sin
ap -byrþennasynd see: beonsynderlıce adv specially [sundor]syndrig adj separate, privatesyndriglıce adv separately, speciallysyn-full adj sinful
gs -fullansynlıc adj sinful
ap -lıcusynn f sin
np synnagp synna
synnig adj sinfulsyrwan (sierwan) WI
plot, machinateput on armorpp gesyrwed[searu]
Syr-ware pl m Syriansgp -wara
syDDan see: siDDansyx (siex, six, sex) num gp syxasyxtig num sixtysyxtig-feald adj sixty-fold
as -fealdneTtæcan (tæcean) WI teach, direct
3 sg tæcDopt 3 pl tæceanpret 2 sg tæhtest3 sg tæhte3 pl -on
tacen n token, symbol, sign, miracleas tacenis tacnenp tacno, tacna
tacnian WII symbolize, signify, representtægel m tailtælan WI reprove, blame
pret 2 sg tældesD (dial)pp pl getælde
tam adj tamenp tamugp tamra
91
tan (ta, f) m twig [cf mistel-tan /mistletoe/]tapur (tapor) m tapertæsan WI lacerate, pierce
pret 3 sg tæsde[Mod tease]
teala see: teolatear m tear
ap tearastear-geotende (ptc) adj tear-shedding, tearful
gs -geotendretelga m branch
np telganTemes f the Thames
ds Temesetempel n temple
ds templas templ[Lat Templum]
teohhian (tiohhian) WII arrange, appoint, di-rect, destine
3 sg tiohhaD1 pl tiohhiaDpret 3 sg teohhodepp tiohhod, getiohhod[teoh, Ger Zeche]
Page 360teola (teala, tela) adv properly, well [til]teolian, teolung see: tilian, tilungteon (tıon) (principal parts: pret sg: teah pret pl:tugon pp: togen ) 2 draw, betake oneself, go
3 sg tıehDopt 3 sg tıo
teon (teogan) irreg arrange, createpret 3 sg teode[cf teohhian]
teonlıce adj grievously [teon, /accuse/; Mod teen]Ter-finna (null) gp the Terfinstıber n offering, sacrifice
ds tıbre[cf Ger Ungeziefer]
tıd f tide, time, hourds tıdeis tıdenp tıda
tıgan WI tiepp getıged
tihtan see: tyhtantil adj good [Ger Ziel]tilian (teolian) WII
endeavor, strive, after
inf teolian3 sg tiolaD3 pl tiliaDprovide, treat, gain (w gen)3 pl tilgaD opt 3 sg tilige[Mod till]
tilung (teolung) f tillage, husbandrygs teolunge
tıma m timeds tıman
timbran WI build, constructpret 3 pl timbredon
tin-treg n tormentnp tintregadp tinttregumap -trega, tyntrega, -trego, -tregu
tin-treglıc adj full of tormentgs -lıcan
tiohhian see: teohhiantır m fame, glory, honor [Ger Zier]tır-eadig adj glorioustır-fæst adj famous, glorious
as -fæsteas -fæst
tır-meahtig adj of glorious mighttıDian WII grant (w dat of pers and gen of thing)
ger tıDienneto prep
(w dat instr) to, at, for (place, time, indirectrelation, condition); conducing to, for, as; sign ofgerund; w verbs to inquire, seek, learn; prep adv
to Dæm adv to such an extent or degree, soto Dam (null)to Don (null)to þon to that (time)to soDon trulyto dæg to-dayto dæge (null)to Dearfe according to what is needed (cf for
benefit)to Dær to where; belonging theretoDær to eacan in addition thereto(w gen)to Dæs adv (= to Dæm) (hwon) moreover, how-
everPage 361to adv tooto-æt-ycan WI add
pret 3 sg -ætyhte[eac]
92
to-berstan 3 burst, break asunderpret 3 sg -bærst
to-brædan WI spread outpp -brædd
to-brecan 4 break in pieces, destroy, breakthrough
opt 3 sg -brecepret 3 sg -bræc3 pl -bræconpp -brocensg -brocenan
to-ceorfan (principal parts: pret sg: -cearf pret pl:-curfon pp: -corfen ) 3 carve outto-cleofan 2 cleave asunder
3 sg -cleofeDto-cnawan R know, acknowledge
opt 3 sg -cnaweto-cuman 4 come, arrive
pp -cumento-cwysan WI crush
1 sg -cwysepp pl -cwysede[Mod squeeze]
to-cwysednis f crushed conditiongs -nysse
to-cyme m arrival, adventto-dal n separation, differenceto-dælan WI divide, separate
1 sg -dæle3 pl -dælaDpp -dæled
to-emnes prep (w dat) alongsideto-faran 6 separate, disperse (intr)
pret 3 sg -forto-foran prep (w dat) before (time and place)to-gædere adv togetherto-geanes prep (w dat) toward, beforeto-ge-Deodan WI join
pret 3 sg -þeoddeto-hopa m hope
as -hopanto-lesan see: to-lysanto-lesnes f dissolution, violation, breachto-licgan 5 lie between, separate
3 sg -lıDto-lysan (-lesan) WI loosen, relax, unhinge
pp tolesedto-middes prep (w dat) amidst, amongstto-niman 4 take apart, separate, open, lift up
imp 2 pl -nymaD
pp -numentorht adj bright, glorious
ns torhtetorn n anger, indignation [Ger Zorn]toscead n distinction, differenceto-slupan 2 slip awayto-smeagean (-smeagan) WIII think over in de-tail, inquire into, consider
inf -smeagianto-stencan WI scatter, drag along
3 pl -stencaþ[stincan]
to-teran 4 tear in piecespret 3 sg -tær
Page 362to-twæman WI separate
pp -twæmed[twegen]
toD m toothnp toDasdp toþumap teD
to-weard adj toward, approaching, imminent, fu-ture
gs -weardanas -weardegp -weardra
to-weard prep (w dat) towardto-wearde adv in advance, beforehandto-wegan 5 disperse
pp -wegento-weorpan (-wurpan) (principal parts: pret sg:-wearp pret pl: -wurpon pp: -worpen ) 3 overthrow,destroy
inf -wurpan1 sg -wurpe
to-wurpan see: to-weorpantraht-boc f treatise
ap -bec[trahtian Ger trachten]
treo f tree, woodgs treowesds treowe, treo, tryw
treow f faith, pledge, agreementas treoweap treowa
treowen adj of a tree, woodends treowenreas treowene
Truso an ancient city on the Drausensea
93
truwa m confidenceas truwan
trymm (tremm) n short distance, stepas trym
trymman (trymian) WI confirm, exhortinf trymianpret 3 pl trymedonpp trymed[Mod trim]
tu see: twegentucian WII ill-treat, torment, punish
pret 3 sg tucodetudor (tuddor) n offspring, issue
gs tuddresas tudor
tun m (enclosure), town, village, homesteadds tune[Ger Zaun]
tunece f tunic, coatas tunecan[Lat tunica]
tunge f tongueas tungan
tun-ge-refa m town-reeve, bailiff, steward of amanor
ds -gerefantungol n (m) luminary, star
np tunglagp tunglaap tunglu
turf f turfds tyrf
tuwa (tuwwa twuwa trıwa) adv twicetwa see: twegentwegen num m twain, two
n tunom twaacc tu, twaon tu in twotu swa lange adv twice as longf twagen (of all genders) twegadat twæm, twam
twelf num twelvenom twelfedat twelfum
Page 363twentig num twentytweonian (twynian) WII doubt (impers)
3 sg twelonaD, twynaD
tweonung (twynung) f doubtds twynunge
twı-feald adj two-foldtydernis (tyddernis) f weakness
as tyddernysse[tudor]
tydran WI beget, bring forth3 sg tydreD[tudor]
tyht (tiht) m training, instruction; motion,progress
ds tyhte[teon]
tyhtan (tihtan) WI instigate, urge, persuade, ex-hort
pret 3 sg tihte[teon]
tyhting (tihting) f instruction, advicedp tihtingum
tyman WI beget, engenderpret 3 sg tymde[team]
tyn (tıen) num tenþa adv; conj (dem and rel) then, when
þa þa then whenþa he þa ... þa when he then...then[Ger da]
þa see: seþafian WII consent to, permit; endure, suffer
3 sg þafaDopt 3 sg þafigepret 3 sg þafode
þæm, þam see: seDanc (Donc) m grace, mercy, thanks
ns Doncgs DoncesGodes þonces through the mercy of Godmınes Donces by my favoras þancap Dancas
Dancian WII thank (w dat of pers and gen ofthing)
1 sg þancige1 pl þanciaDpret 3 sg Dancode
Danon see: DonanDær (Dar) adv (dem and rel) there, where
þær þær there whereto þærto where
94
Dær inneDær onDær toDær to eacanDær utanDær wiD
þære, þæra, þara see: seDas see: Desþæs see: seþæslıce (cf þyslıc) adv suitablyþæt (þætte < þæt þe) conj that, so that
swa þæt so thatDe rel particle that, which; (conj) because, or; wcomp, than
se þe he that, thatþam þe (see se)for Dæm De (see for)oD De (see oD)De ... Dewhether...orhwæDer ... þe
Page 364þe see: Du and seDeah (Deh) conj adv though, however, neverthe-less
Deah DeDearf f need, behoof, requirement, benefit
ds þearfeas þearfe[þurfan]
Dearfa m poor mannp Dearfan
þearfende (ptc) adj being in wantDearle adv severelyþearlıc adj severe, cruelþeaw m habit, custom, practice, behavior
ap Deawas[Mod thews]
þeccan WI cover3 sg þeceD3 pl þeccaDpret 3 sg þeahte[cf Mod thatch; Ger decken]
þegen (þegn, þen) m servant, thane, officer, re-tainer, warrior
ns þegnas þegen, þegnnp þegnas, þegenas, þenasgp þegna, þena[Ger Degen]
Degenlıce adv in a manner becoming a Degen,faithfullyDegnian (Denian) WII
serve (w dat)pret 3 sg Denodeperform (a service), supply another with any-
thinginf Denian
Deh see: Deahþen see: þegenDencan WI think, consider, resolve, intend
1 sg Dence2 sg Dencest3 sg DencD, DenceDpret 3 sg Dohte
þenden conj adv while, as long asDenian see: DegnianDenig-monn m serving-man
ap -menþenung (þening) f service, ministration, office;attendants; service of a meal; book of a service
ds þenungaas þenungenp þenungaap Denunga, Deninga
þeod (þıod) f people, nationgs Deodeds Deode, Dıodaas Deodenp Deoda, Dıodagp Deoda[Ger deutsch]
þeoden m chief, lord, prince, kingds Deodneas þeoden
þeod-land n inhabited countryþeod-scipe m service, discipline
as -scipeDeof m thief
ap DeofasDeon (principal parts: pret sg: Dah pret pl: Digonpp: Digen ) 1 thrive, prosper, succeed
pret 3 sg Deah[Mod obs thee, Ger gedeihen]
Page 365Deos see: DesDeoster-full adj full of darkness
ap -fulleDeostro (Dıostro, Dystro) f n darkness
gs Dıostro
95
as (or ap) Dıostro, Dystrogp Deostradp þıostrum, Dystrum
Deow (Dıow) m servantds þeowegp Deowa, Dıowa[cf þegen]
Deowa m servantnp Deowan
Deow-dom m serviceDeowian WII serve (w dat)
ptc Deowigende3 sg þeowaD3 pl þeowiaDpret 1 sg þeodde3 sg þeode
Des (Deos, Dis) dem kpron thism ns Desm ds þeossumm as Disne, þysnem is Dysf ns Deos, þıosf gs Dissef ds Disse, Deossef as þasn ns Disn is Dysf ds Dissum, þysumnp (all genders) Dasgp (all genders) Dissa, Disseradp (all genders) Diosum, þeossumær Dissumas þisoD Dis
þiccnes f thicknessas -nesse
Dicgan 5 receive, take, consume, eatger þicgenne3 sg þigeDpret 3 pl þegun
Dider (Dyder, Didres) thitherþider-weard adv thither-wardþider-weardes adv thither-wardsþın poss pron thine
ns þınds þınre, þi-numas þınnegp þınraap þıne
þınen f handmaid
ap þınena[þegen]
Ding n thinggs Dingesds þingeas Dincgnp Dingdp Dingumfor Diosum Dingum for this reason
Dingere m one that pleads a cause, advocatenp þingeras
Dingian WII plead a cause, intercede for another(w dat)
3 pl þingiaDopt 3 sg þingiepret opt 3 sg þingode
Dingung f advocacy, intercession, mediationas -unge
þıod see: þeodDıostro see: DeostroDıow see: DeowDıowot-dom (Deowot-) m service
ap -domasDis see: Desþolian WII
suffer, endure, undergoger þolianne, Doligennepret 3 sg þoladeendure, hold out (intr)[Ger dulden]
þon see: sePage 366Donan (Donon, Danon) adv thenceDonan-weard adj on the way thenceþone see: seþonne (þænne) adv (dem and rel) then, when; wcomp than
þonne þonne then whenþonne þonne ... þonneþonne ... þonne
þorn m thornnp þornas
þoterung f lamentationþrag (þrah) f time
as þrageþrage adv for a timedp at times, sometimes
Dreagean (Dreagan, Drean) WIII rebuke, re-prove, oppress
ger Dreagenne
96
pret 3 sg Dreadeþreat m crowd, troop, flockDrı (Drıe, Dry, Dreow, Drıow) num three
nom þry, þreogen þreoradat þrımacc þrıe, Dry, þrıo
þridda num adj thirdns þriddegs þriddands þryddanas þridde, -an
þringan (principal parts: pret sg: þrong pret pl:þrungon pp: þrungen ) 3 throng, press or crowdtogether
3 pl þringaD[Ger dringen]
þrınnis f trinityds þrynnysse
þrıst (þrıste) adj bold, confident, resolute, rash,presumptuous
np Drıste[Ger dreist]
Drı-tene (Dreo-, -tyne, Dreottyne) num thirteenDrıtig (Drıttig, þrıttig) num thirty
gs þrıtiges, Drıtigraþrıtig-feald adj thirty-fold
as -fealdneDrıwa adv thriceþrotu f throat
ds þrotanDrowian WII suffer
ger Drowianneptc þrowiende, þrowigende3 sg DrowaDpret 2 sg þrowodest3 sg -ade
Drowung f sufferingds -unge
þryccan WI oppress, afflictpp þrycced[Ger druecken]
þrymlıce adv gloriouslyþrymm m multitude, host, strength, force,renown, glory
ns þrymgp þrymma
Page 367þrym-sittende (ptc) adj sitting in glory
ds -sittendum
þryD (þryDo) f might, majesty, copiousnessnp þryþedp multitude
Du second pers pron thougs Dınds Deas Dec, De-dual nom git (gyt)dual gen incerdual dat incdual acc incit (inc)np gegp eowerdp eow, ıowap eowic (eow), eow, ıowgyt butu both of you
þunor m thundergs þunres
þurfan PP need, be required, have occasion2 sg þearft3 sg þearf1 pl þurfe weopt 2 sg þurfe3 pl þyrfenpret 3 sg Dorfte3 pl Dorfton[Ger duerfen]
Durh prep (w acc) through (condition, agency)Durh þæt þe
þurh-fleon 2 fly, fly throughopt 3 sg -fleo
þurh-sceotan 2 shoot through, pierce3 sg -sceoteDpp p -scotene
þurh-slean 6 smite through3 sg -slyhþ
þurh-teon 2 (draw through), fulfil, accomplishþurh-wadan (principal parts: pret sg: -wo-d pretpl: -wodon pp: -waden ) 6 go through, penetrateDurh-wunian WII continue, be steadfast
ptc -wuniendepret 3 sg -wunode3 pl -odon
þurst m thirstDurstig adj thirsty
ds DurstigumDus adv thusDusend n thousand
gp þusendaap þusende
97
þwean (principal parts: pret sg: Dwoh pret pl:Dwogon pp: Dwægen ) 6 wash
pret 3 sg Dwohþwyrnis (þweorhnis) f perversity
ds -nyssedp -nyssum[Dweorh]
þy see: seþydan WI submit
opt 1 kpl þydon[Deod]
Dyncan WI seem, appear3 sg DynceDopt 3 pl Dyncenpret 3 sg þuhtepret opt 3 sg þuhtepp geDuht3 sg DyncD, DynceD, DincDme DyncD methinksopt 3 sg Dincepret 3 sg þuhte
Dyrstan WI thirst after (w gen)opt 3 sg Dyrste[Durst]
þyslıc (þuslıc, þæslıc) pron adj suchnp þyslıco
Dystro see: DeostroPage 368Uufan adv from above, aboveufe-weard adj upward, upper, higher up
ds -weardumufor adv further awayuhta m dawn
gp uhtnauht-song m morning song; matins
ds -songeas -song
un-a-berendlıc adj intolerableas -lıce
un-a-secgendlıc adj unspeakableds -lıcum
un-a-Droten (pp) adj unwearied, indefatigablenp -Drotene[Dreotan]
un-a-wendendlıc adj unchangeableun-be-boht adj (ptc) unsold
gp unbebohtra[bebycgan]
un-be-fohten (pp) adj unopposed
np -fohteneun-bryce adj imperishable [brecan]uncer see: icun-coþu f disease
as uncoDeun-cuD adj unknown, uncertainun-cyst f vice, wickedness
ds -cysteap -cyste
under prep (w dat and acc)under (w dat)(w acc)under bæc adv backwards (cf ofer bæc)
under-be-ginnan (principal parts: pret sg: -gonnpret pl: -gunnon pp: -gunnen ) 3 undertake
ger -ginneneunder-fenge m undertakingunder-fon (principal parts: pret sg: -feng pret pl:-fengon pp: fangen ) R undertake, receive, assume
ger -fonneptc -fonde3 pl -foDopt 3 pl -fonpret opt 3 sg -fenge
under-gietan (-gitan -gytan) 5 perceivepret 3 sg -geat
undern m mid-morning, morningunder-sceotan (principal parts: pret sg: -sceatpret pl: -scuton pp: -scoten ) 2 support
pp pl -scoteneunder-stondan 6 understand
inf -standan3 sg -stent
under-Deodan see: under-Dıedanunder-Dıedan (-Dydan, -Deodan, -Dıodan) WIsubject to (w reflex acc and dat)
pret opt 3 pl -Dıoddenpret 3 sg -Deoddepp -Dıed, -Deod, -Ddeodedpl -Deodde
under-Dıodan see: under-Dıedanun-drefed (pp) adj untroubled, undisturbed, un-defiled (of water)un-earg (-earh) adj not cowardly, brave
np -eargeun-eaDe adv not easily, with difficultyun-eaDelıce (-yDelıce, -eDelıce) adv with diffi-cultyPage 369un-fæger adj not fair, unsightly, foul
98
un-feor adv not far, nearun-for-bærned (pp) adj unburnedun-for-cuD adj reputable, excellent, braveun-forht adj fearless, undaunted
np -forhteun-forht-mod adj fearlessun-friþ m hostility
ds unfriþeun-gearo adj unprepared, unready
gs -gearowesun-ge-cyndelıc adj unnatural, terrible
ap -cyndelıce, -cyndelıcoun-ge-endod (pp) adj endless
as -endodeap -endodan
un-ge-foge adv excessivelyun-ge-fræglıce adv (to an unheard of degree), un-questionably, incrediblyun-ge-fullod (pp) adj unbaptizedun-ge-hırsum adj disobedientun-ge-læred (pp) adj unlearned, ignorant
np -læredanun-ge-lærednes f want of learning, ignorance
ds -nesseun-ge-leaffull adj unbelieving
np -fulleap -fullan
un-ge-leafulnes f unbeliefds -nesse
un-ge-lıc adj unlike (w dat)un-ge-limplıc adj unfitting, shameful
ap -lıcoun-ge-metlıce adv immoderatelyun-ge-rad adj at variance, discordant
np -geradeun-ge-redelice (-rædelıce -rydelıce) adv inse-curely
supl -lıcostun-ge-sælig adj unhappy
ns -sæliganp -sælige
un-ge-sælD f misfortunegp -sælDa
un-ge-sceadwıs adj undiscerning, unintelligent,irrational
ds -wısumnp -wıse
un-ge-sewenlıc adj invisiblenp -lıca
un-ge-trum adj weak, infirm
np -trumeun-ge-þwære adj at variance, discordantun-ge-þyldig adj impatient
np -þyldigeun-ge-wemmed (pp) adj undefiled, pureun-ge-wuna m evil habit
gs -wunanun-ge-wyrded (pp) adj uninjuredun-gleawnes f want of discernmentun-hal adj not hale, ill
dp -halumun-heanlıce adv not ignominiously, nobly [GerHohn]un-læred (pp) adj unlearned, ignorant
np -lærdeun-lybba m poisonous drug
as unlybbanun-mæte adj immeasurableun-mihtig adj without might, weak
ns -myhtigPage 370un-myltsiendlıc adj unpardonableunnan PP grant, favor (w dat of pers and gen ofthing)
3 sg anpret 3 sg uDepret opt 3 pl uþon
un-nedig adj without compulsion or restraint; ofone’s own volition
np -nedige[nead]
un-nytt (-nett) uselessns -nyt, -net[neotan]
un-ofer-swıDelıc adj unconquerablenp -lıce
un-orne adj oldun-ræd m evil counsel, folly
dp (adv) -rædumun-riht adj wrong, wicked, unjust
np -rihte, -rihtandp -ryhtum
un-riht n wrong, sin, injusticeun-rihtlıce adv wrongfullyun-rihtnes f wrong, unrighteousness
ds -nesseun-riht-wısnes f unrighteousness, injustice
gs -ryhtwysnysseun-riht-wyrhta m evildoer
np (voc) -wyrhtan
99
un-rım n countless numberun-rot adj sad, disconsolateun-rot-mod adj sadheartedun-rotnes f sadness, contritionun-scæDDig adj innocent
gs -anun-sceaDfulnes f innocence
as -nesseun-scyldig adj guiltless, innocent
gs -scyldganas -scyldiganap -scyldge
un-smeþe adj not smooth, uneven, roughgs -smeþes
un-spedig adj poornp un-spedigan
un-staDol-fæst adj unstable, unenduringnp -fæste
un-stille adj movingnp unstillu
un-stilnes f disturbanceas -nesse
un-tela adv improperly, wronglyun-treowsian WII deceive
pp pl geuntreowsodeun-trum adj weak, infirm, ill
as -trumangp -trumraap -trume, -truman
un-trumnes (-try-) f weakness, illnessds -nessenp -nyssadp -nyssumap -nyssa
un-Danc-wurDe adj ungrateful, unacceptableun-Deaw m evil practice, vice
np -Deawasgp -Deawaap -Deawas
un-waclıce adv unwaveringlyun-wær adj unwary
np -warancomp ns -wærre
un-wærlıce adv unwarily, rashlyun-wærscipe m carelessness, follyun-wealt adj not ’walty,’ steady
comp np unwealtranPage 371un-weaxen (pp) adj not grown, youngun-wemme adj undefiled, pure
un-wierDe (-wyrDe) adj unworthy of (w gen)un-windan (principal parts: pret sg: -wond pretpl: -wundon, pp: -wunden ) 3 unwind, uncoverun-wıs adj unwise
np -wıseap -wıse
un-wıs-dom m unwisdom, ignoranceds -dome
un-wit-weorc n foolish workdp -weorcum
un-wiD-metenlıce adv incomparablyun-wlitigian WII change the appearance ofbeauty of anything
3 sg -wlitegaDun-wrecen (pp) adj unpunished [wrecan]un-wrıtere m incorrect writerup (upp, upp) adj up, upwards
wiD upp above, upwardsup-a-hafenes f exaltation
ds -nesseup-a-hebban 6 exalt, lift up
3 sg -hefeDpp dp hafenum
up-a-ræred (pp) adj exaltedns upp-
up-a-stıgnes f ascensionds -nesse
up-a-wend pp directed upwarddp -wendum
up-gang mrising (of the sun)ds -gangeway up, approachas -gang
up-lædend (ptc) adj toweringgp -lædendra
up-lıc adj upper, heavenlygs upplıcan, uplıcan
uppe adv up, aboveuppe on lande up into the land
uppon prep (w dat) uponon uppan
upp-stıgan 1 rise, spring upptc as -stıgendne
up-stige m ascensionds up-stige
ure poss pron ourgs uresds urumas urne, ure
100
np uregp ura
urnon see: yrnanus see: icuser poss pron our
np usseusic see: icut adv out, withoututan adv from without, outsideutan-bordes (gen) adv abroadute adv out, outside, withoututer-mere m outer, open seautera (uterra, ytra, yttra) comp adj outer
ns uterreap yttransupl uttermost, extreme, lastsupl ap ytmæstan
ute-weard adj outward, outsideds -weardum
ut-gong m departure, exodusds -gonge
Page 372uton see: wutonuD-wita m wise man, philosopher
as -witannp -wiotan
Wwa (cf wea) m
woeinterjwalawa alaswei la wei
wac adj weak, pliant, insignificant, meands wacumas wacne
wæcce f watch, wakingap wæccan
wacian WII become weak, waverwaclıc adj weak, mean
ds -lıcumwacnis f weakness; insignificance
ds -nyssewacol adj awake, vigilant
comp ns wacolrewacollıce adv vigilantlywadan (principal parts: pret sg: wod pret pl:wodon pp: waden ) 6 wade; advance, go, travelwædl (wæDl, weDl) f poverty, want
ns weDelgs wædle
wædla m poor manwædlian WII be poor, beg
ptc wædligendeopt 2 pl wædlion
wæfels m n covering, dressds wæfelse
wæfer-syn f spectacle, displayds -syne
wafian WII be agitated or astonished3 pl wafiaD
wæg (weg) m wavegp wægaap wægas[wegan; Ger Woge]
wagian WII wag, move (intr)pret 3 sg wagode
wæl nbody of the slain, slaughter, carnagebattle-field[wol ’pestilence’; cf Mod Valhalla]
wæl-feld m field of slaughterds -felda
wæl-gıfre adj greedy for slaughternp -gıfru
wæl-hreow adj slaughterhouse, murderous, cruelns -hreowads -hreowan
wæl-reaf n spoil of the slain, of the destroyedwæl-rest (-ræst) f bed of slaughter
as -ræstewæl-sleaht (-sliht) m slaughter
ns -slihtgp -sleahta
wæl-spere n deadly spearwæl-stow f place of slaughter, battle-field
gs -stoweds -stowe[cf Ger Wahlstatt]
wæl-wulf m slaughter-wolf, warriornp -wulfas
wamb see: wombwæn (wægn) m wain, wagon
gs wænesas wæn
wandian WII waver, hesitatepret 3 sg wandode[windan]
Page 373wandrian WII wander, vary, change
ptc wandriende
101
opt 3 sg wandrigewan-hal (wann-) adj unhealthy, weak, ill
dp wann-wan-hydig adj heedless, rashwanian WII wane, diminish, fade, perish (intr)
3 sg wanaD3 pl waniaD
wan-spedig adj destitute, poorap -spedigan
wæpen n weaponds wæpneas wæpennp wæpengp wæpna
wæpen-ge-wrıxl n conflict (exchange) of weaponsgs -wrıxles
wær f security, covenant, trustap wæra
wære, wæron see: beonwær-fæst adj covenant-keeping, faithfulwarian WII guard, protect, attend
3 sg waraDwarnian (wearnian) WII take warning, takeheed
imp 2 pl warniaDwaroD (waruD, wearoD) m shore
ds waroDe[Ger Werder]
waru f defenceds ware
waru f ware, article of merchandiseas ware
wæs see: beonwæstm m (n) growth, fruit, product, result, ben-efit
ds wæstmeas wæstmnp wæstmasap wæstma[weaxan]
wæstm-bære adj fruit bearing, fruitfulwæstmian WII grow, increasewæt n drink
gs wæteswæter n water
gs wæteresds wætereas wæternp wæterap wæteru
wæter-fæsten n water-fastness, place protectedby water
ds -fæstennewaD f motion, going, flightwaDum m wave
gp waDemadp waDeman
we see: icweald m weald, forest
ds wealdaas wealdnp wealdas
wealdan (principal parts: pret sg: weold pret pl:weoldon pp: wealden ) R wield, control, direct, gov-ern (w gen)
3 sg weltopt 3 sg wealde3 pl wealden
wealdend (waldend) m ruler, lordns waldendnp waldend
Wealh-ge-fera (or -ge-refa) m commander ofthe troops on the Welsh border (or, reeve of theKing’s Welsh serfs)wealh-stod m interpreter, translator
gp -stodaap -stodas
weall m wall, rampartns wealgs weallesds wealleas weallnp weallas
Page 374weallan (principal parts: pret sg: weoll pret pl:weollon pp: weallen ) R be agitated, well, boil
ptc weallendeds -endum
weal-steall m wall-place, foundationas -steal
wealwian WII wallow, rollptc wealwigendeopt 3 pl wealowigenpret 3 sg wealwode
weard m ward, guard, keeperns gs weardes
weardian WII guard, keep, occupy3 sg weardaD3 pl weardiaD
wearm adj warm
102
wearmian WII become warm3 pl wearmiaD
wea-tacen n token of woeweaxan (wexan) (principal parts: pret sg:wox,weox pret pl: woxon,weoxon pp: weaxen ) 6and R wax, grow, increase
ptc as wexendne3 sg wexD weaxeD3 pl weaxaDopt 3 sg wexepret 3 sg weox
webbian WII weave; contriveger webgenne
weccan WI wake, arouse (trans)inf 3 sg wecceD
wecg m wedgeds wecge
wedan WI be mad, ragepret 3 sg wedde[wod]
weder n weatherweder-condel f (weather candle) sunweg m way
as wegdp wegasap wegasgs wegeshis weges his wayon weg awayaweg away (< on weg)ealne weg always (see eall)
weg see: wigwegan (principal parts: pret sg: wæg pret pl: wæ-gon pp: wegen ) 5 carryweg-farende ptc adj wayfaringweg-nest n m provisions for a journey; viaticum
is -nestewel adv well
eac wel likewise abundantlywel hwær almost everywhere
wela m weal, prosperity, richesgs welan
wel-dæd f good deeddp
weler m lipap weleras
welig adj wealthy, prosperous, richnp weligedp welegumap welegan
wel-willende (ptc) adj well-willing, benevolentds -willendum
wen f hope, expectation, supposition [Ger Wahn]wenan WI ween, hope, expect, suppose, imagine,think
inf ger wenanne1 sg wene2 sg wenst3 sg wenD1 pl wenaD2 sg wene3 pl wendon
Page 375wendan WI
wend one’s way, turn, go, change (intr; refl acc)3 sg wentopt 3 sg wendepret 3 sg wende3 pl wendonturn, change, translate (trans)3 sg wentopt 3 sg wende1 pl wenden3 pl pret3 pl wendon[windan]
wennan WI (wenian W II) accustom, entertain(trans)
wenian mid wynnum entertain joyfullypret 3 sg wenedewenede to wiste feast
weofod see: wıg-bedWeonod-lund (WeonoD-) n Wendland
ns WeonoDds -lande
weorc n work, action, deedgp weorcaap weorc
weorold see: woruldweorpan (wurpan) (principal parts: pret sg:wearp pret pl: wurpon pp: worpen ) 3 throw, cast
opt 3 sg wurpeweorþ (wurþ) n worth, value
ns wurþas wurþ
weorDe (weorD, wyrDe) worthy (w gen or dat)ns wyrDegs wyrDes (w dat)comp as wyrDransupl np weorDoste
103
weorDan (wurDan) (principal parts: pret sg:wearD pret pl: wurdon pp: worden ) 3 become (passaux) happen (intr)
2 sg wurþest3 sg wyrD3 pl weorDaDopt 3 sg weorDe3 pl weorDenpret 3 sgpret opt 3 sg wurde[Ger werden]
weorDian (wurDian) WII honor, worship3 sg wurDaD3 pl weorDiaDopt 3 sg weorDigepret 3 sg wurDode
weorDlıc adj worthy, honorableas -lıcne
weorDlıce (wurDlıce) adv worthily, honorablyweorD-mynd (wurD-mynt) f m honor, reverence,glory
ns wurDmyntgs wurDmyntesds wurDmynteas wurDmynt
weorD-scipe m honor, dignitywepan (principal parts: pret sg: weop pret pl:weopon pp: – ) R weep
ptc dp wependumwer m man
gs weresds wereas wernp werasgp wera[Goth wair; cog Lat vir; cf Mod Werwolf]
werian WIdefend (w refl acc)pret 3 sg werede3 pl weredonclothepp pl werede[Mod wear]
werig adj weary, dejectedas werignenp werige
Page 376werig-mod adj spirit-weary
ns
werod (wered, weorod) n band of men, army,host
ds werodeis werode werede weorodegp weorudadp weorodum[wer]
wesan see: beonwest adv west; west, westwardswestan adv from the westwestan-wind m west-wind
gs -windesweste adj waste, desolatewesten n waste, desert
ds westenne, westeneas westen
west-dæl m west quarter or regionap -dælas
west-lang adj extending westWest-sæ m f West-sea (the sea west of Norway inopposition to the East-sea ie the Baltic Sea)West-seaxe pl m the West-Saxons; Wessex
gp -seaxna, -seaxenadp -seaxan
weDel see: wædlwıc m f n wick, dwelling-place, campwicg n horse
ds wicgewıc-ge-fera (or better, -gerefa) m bailiff, orreeve, of a wick or villagewıcian WII dwell, lodge, encamp
3 pl wıciaDpret 3 sg wıcode3 pl -odon
wicing m viking, pirateas gp wıcingaap wıcingas
wıc-stow f dwelling-placeds -stowe
wıde adv widelysıde and wıde far and wide
wıd-gill adj broad, extensiveas -gillan
wıd-sæ f open seawif n wife; woman
gs wıfesds wıfeas wıfgp wıfaap wıf
104
wıf-cyþþ f (home or) company of a womands -cyþþe
wıf-had m woman-hoodgs -hades
wıfian WII marry (intr)pp gewıfod
wıg m n war, battlens gs wıgesds wıge
wıg (wıh, weg) m altaras weg[cf Ger weihen]
wiga m warrioras wigangp wigena
wıg-bed (wıh-bed, weobed, weofod) n altaras weofodap wıgbed, wıgbedo[-bed < beod ’table’]
Page 377wıgend m warrior [Ger Weigand]wıg-haga (wıh-) m (war-hedge), line of battle,phalanx
as wıhaganwıg-heard adj resolute in battle
as -heardnewıg-plega m (war-play), battle
ds -pleganwıg-smiD m (war-smith), warrior
np -smiDaswiht (wuht) f n wight, person, creature; whit,thing, anything
ns wuhtgs wuhteds wuhteas wihte wuhtnænig wuht adv not at all
Wiht f Isle of Wightwilde adj wild
ns wildanp wilde wilduap wildan
wildor n wild beast or animal, reindeerwil-ge-dryht f willing retinuewil-giefa m gracious giver, lordwilla m will, determination, purpose, desire, plea-sure
ds willanwillan irreg will, be willing, wish, be about to
1 sg wille
2 sg wilt, wylt1 pl willaD3 pl wyllaDopt 2 sg wille3 sg wilepret 1 sg wolde2 sg woldes3 sg wolde3 pl woldonpret opt 3 sg wolde3 pl wolden woldon woldan[w neg see nyllan (= ne-willan)]
will-sele m delightful dwellingwill-wong m plain of delight
ds -wongewilnian WII desire, wish (w gen or acc)
ptc wilnigende1 sg wilnige3 sg wilnaD3 pl wilniaDopt 3 sg wilniepret 2 sg wilnadest3 sg wilnode
wilnung f wish, desireds -unga
wil-sum adj desirable, delightfuldp -suman
wil-sumnes f willingnessds -nesse
Wil-tun m Wilton (Wiltshire)ds -tune
wıl-wendlıc see: hwıl-wendlıcwın n wine
ds wıneWin-burne f Wimborne (Dorsetshire)
ds -burnanwind m wind
gs windesds windeas windnp windas
windan (principal parts: pret sg: wond pret pl:wundon pp: wunden ) 3
wind, twist, brandish (trans)pret 3 sg wandturn, go, fly (intr)
windig adj windywine m friend, lord
ap winas[wynn]
105
Winedas pl m Wends; country of the WendsPage 378wine-dryhten (-drihten) m friendly lord
gs -dryhtnesas -drihten
wine-leas adj friendlessns
wine-mæg m friendly kinsmangp -mægaap -magas
winnan (principal parts: pret sg: wonn pret pl:wunnon pp: wunnen ) 3 fight, strive (intr)
1 pl winnaDimp 2 sg wynpret 3 sg wann
wın-sæl n wine-hallnp -salo
Wintan-ceaster (Winte-) f Winchesterds -ceastre Winteceastre
winter m winter (in reckoning time, the equivalentof Mod year)
gs wintresadv ds wintraas wintergp wintra
winter-cearig adj full of the care of yearswinter-ge-wæde n weed, garment or covering ofwinterwinter-ge-weorp n winter stormwinter-scur m winter showerwinter-tıd f winter-tide
ds -tıdewiota see: witawiotan see: witanWir-heal m Wirral (Cheshire)
ds Wırhealewis adj wise
ds wısanis wısenp wıse
wıs-dom m wisdom, learninggs -domesds -domeas -dom
wıse f wise, manner, condition, idiom; matteras wısan
wısian WII direct, guidepret 3 sg wısode
Wısle f the VistulaWısle-muDa m the mouth of the Vistula
as -muDanwıslıc adj wisewıs-monn m wise man
ns -monwisnian WII wither, waste away
pret 3 sg wisnode[weornian]
wissian WII direct, guide (w dat)wist f food, provision, feast
ds wistenp wistaap wiste[wesan]
wist-fullian WII feast (intr)opt 2 sg -fullige
wit, wyt see: icwita (wiota) m wise man, councilor
np witan wiotandp wytumgp witena wiotona[witan]
witan (wiotan) PP knowger witanne, wiotonne1 sg wat2 sg wast3 sg wat1 pl witonimp 2 sg witeopt 1 pl witen2 pl wite gepret 1 sg wiste3 sg wisse3 pl wistonpret opt 3 sg wisse1 pl wissen[w neg, see nytan (= ne-witan)]
Page 379wıte n punishment, torment, injury
gs wiitesas wıtenp wıtu[Ger Verweis]
wıte-dom m prophecywıtega (wıtiga, wytega, wıtga) m seer, prophet
ns wytega wıtgaas wıtegan wıtgannp wıtgandp wytegum[cf Mod wiseacre]
wıtegian WII prophesy
106
pret 1 sg wıtegode3 sg wıtgode
Wıt-land n Witland (in Prussia, on the BalticSea)wıtnian WII punish, torment, injure
3 sg wıtnaD3 pl wıtniaDpret 3 sg wıtnode[wıte, cf Mod twit]
wıtnung f torment, punishmentwitodlıce adv truly, indeedwiD prep (w gen dat acc)
with (w gen) toward, to (motion, direction)with (w dat) toward, for, against (direction, ex-
change, opposition) prep advwith (w acc) toward, along, with, against (mo-
tion, direction, location, extension) (association,contrast, opposition);
wiD eastan adv to the eastwiD upp upwards, abovewiD eastan prep (w acc) east of
wiþerian WII opposepres ptc wiþerigende
wiþer-lean n requital, reward [cf Mod guerdon]wiþer-sæc n hostility, opposition
ds -sæce[sacan]
wiDer-weardlıce (wyDer-werdlice) adv in a hos-tile mannerwiDer-winna (wyDer-wynna) m adversary
ns wyDerwynnaas wyDerwynnan
wiD-hogian WII disregard (w gen)pret 3 sg -hogode
wiD-innan adv from within; withinwiD-metan (principal parts: pret sg: -mæt pretpl: mæton pp: meten ) 5 measure or compare with(trans)
1 pl -mete wewiD-metenes f comparison
ds -nessewiD-sacan 6 strive against, renounce (w dat)wiD-stondan (-standan) 6 withstand, resist (wdat)
inf -standan wyDstandanwiD-utan adv from without; withoutPage 380wlanc see: wloncwlencu f pride
np wlencea
[wlonc]wlıtan (principal parts: pret sg: wlat pret pl: wli-ton pp: wliten ) 1 look (intr)
3 pl wlıtaDwlite m appearance, countenance, beauty [wlıtan;cf Ger Antlitz]wlitig adj beautiful, fair, pleasing
comp ns wlitigrawlitig-fæst adj of enduring beautywlitigian WII beautify, adorn
3 sg wlitegaDwlonc (wlanc) adj proud
ds wlancanas wlancnenp wlance
wod adj mad, raging [Mod obs wood; Ger Wut]Wodnes-dæg m Wednesdaywodnis f madness
ds -nyssewoh (wog, wo) adj crooked, wrong
as noun, wrong, perversionds to wogeas woh, on woh, on won
woh-dæd f wrong deednp -dæda[wolıcum]
wohlıc (wolic) adj wrongfulwohlıce (wolıce) adv wrongly, amisswohnes (wones) f wrong, error, wickedness
np wonessadp wonessum
wolcen n cloudds wolcnenp wolcen[Mod welkin]
wolıc, wolıce see: wohlıc (-lıce)woma m noise, alarm, terrorwomb (wamb) f belly
as wambe[Mod womb]
womm (wamm) m stain, defilement, sinwones see: wohneswong (wang) m plain, field
gs wongeswonn (wann) adj dark
ns wonwop m weeping, lamentation
ds wope[wepan]
word n word
107
ds wordeas wordnp wordgp worda
worian WII move, totter, crumble to pieces3 pl woriaD
worn m large number, multitudeworuld (worold, weoruld, world) f
worldns weorld, worldgs worulde, woroldeds worulde, weoruldeas woruld, weoruldlong period of time, cycle, eternityds to worulde, in woruldeas and gp on worlda world
woruld-ar (worold-) f worldly honoras woroldare
woruld-caru f worldly careap -cara
woruld-cund adj worldly, seculargp -cundra
Page 381woruld-freond (world-) m worldly friend
gp worldfreondaworuld-ge-sælig adj worldly prosperousworuld-ge-sælD (weoruld-) f worldly fortune
np weoruldgesælDaworuld-ge-streon n worldly richesworuld-had (weoruld-) m secular life
ds weoruldhadeas -had
woruldlıc (worold-, world-) adj worldlyap woroldlecangp -lıcraap worldlıcu
woruld-rıce (world-) n kingdom of the world,world
ds world-rıceworuld-rıce (world-) adj having worldly poweror riches
gp worldrıcraworuld-Ding (worold-) n worldly thing or affair
gp -Dinga, worold-ap Ding
woruld-wela (worold-) m worldly weal, prosper-ity, riches
gp woroldwelenaap -welan
woruld-wisdom m worldly wisdom
woD-cræft m art of songis - cræfte[wod]
wræc-hwıl f period of exile or of distressds -hwıle
wræc-last m track or path of exile, exileap -lastas
wræc-sıD m journey of exile or of peril, exileds -sıDeas sıD
wracu f persecution, cruelty, distress [wrecan]wrætlıc adj ornamental, splendid, wondrous
np -lıce[wrætt, ’ornament’]
wrætlıce adv splendidly, wondrouslywraD adj wroth, angry, hostile
gp wraþrawraDu f support, sustenance
as wraDewrecan (principal parts: pret sg: wræc pret pl:wræcon pp: wrecen ) 5 banish, persecute, wreak,avenge, punish
1 pl wrecaDopt 3 sg wrece3 pl wrecen (w dat)pret opt 3 sg wræce
wregan WI accuse3 pl wregaDopt 3 sg wregepret 3 pl wregdon[wroht]
wrenc m wrench, bending, twist, trick, deceit;modulation
gp wrenca[Ger Rank]
wrıdan 1 grow3 sg wrıdeD
wrıdian WII grow, flourish3 sg wrıdaD
writ n writ, writingnp writu
wrıtan wrat writon writen (1) write1 pl wrıtaDopt 3 sg wrıtepret 3 pl wreotonpp gewryten
wrıtere m writerds wrıtereap wrıteras
wrıxendlıce adv in turn
108
wrıxlan WI change, exchange3 sg wrıxleD (of the play of colors)[wrıxl, Ger Wechsel]
Page 382wroht m f persecution, accusation, strife, enmity
ap wrohtas[Goth wrohs, Ger Ruge]
wucu (wice, weoce) f weekgs wucangp wucena
wudu m wood, forestgs wudads wudaas wudunp wudas
wudu-beam m tree of the forest or grovegp -beama
wudu-bearo m forest, grovegs bearwesds bearwe
wudu-blæd (bled) f blossom of the groveap -bleda
wudu-fæsten n forest-fastness, place protected bywoods
ds -fæstennewudu-holt m n forest, grovewuduwe (widuwe, wydewe) f widow
gs wydewanas wydewan
wuht see: wihtwuldor n glory, honor, dignity
ds wuldreas wuldor
wuldor-cyning m glorious Kingwuldor-fæder m glorious Fatherwuldor-fæst adj immutable in glory
ns -fæstawuldor-full adj glorious
ns -fullads fulre
wuldor-fullıce adv gloriouslywuldor-gast m glorious Spiritwuldor-torht adj gloriously brightwuldor-þrymm m glorious might or excellence
ap -þrymmaswuldrian WII glorify
ptc wuldrigendeimp 2 pl wuldriaD
wulf m wolfwund f wound
as wundenp wundaap wunda
wund adj woundedwundor n wonder, marvel
gp wundraap wundra
wundorlıc adj wonderful, wondrousds -lıcum
wundorlıce adv wondrouslycomp wundorlıcor
wundrian WII wonder at a thing (w gen)ptc wundrigende3 pl wundriaDpret 1 sg wundrode, -ade3 sg -ode3 pl -odon
wunian WII dwell, remain, continue, live (intr);can take local acc (???)
ptc wunigende3 sg wunaDimp 2 sg wunapret 3 sg wunode, -ade
Page 383wunung f dwelling, abode, ’living’
as -ungeap unga
wurma m (murex?) phenicine, purple red, orcrimson
dp wurmanwurpan see: weorpanwurD, wurDian see: weorD, weorDianwurD-mynt see: weorD-myndwuton (uton) opt 1 pl of wıtan: ”go”; used tointroduce an imperative or an adhortative clause,”let us”wylla (wiella, willa) m well, spring, fountain
as willannp wyllan[weallan]
wylle-ge-spryng m n well-springwylle-stream m fountain-stream
gp -streamaap -streamas
wylm (wielm, welm) m f welling, boiling, surg-ing, fervor
ds wylme, welmeas wylm[weallan]
wynlıc adj joyful, pleasant
109
wynlond n land of joywynn (wyn) f joy, delight; w gen crowning joy,the best
gs wynnegp wynna[Ger Wonne]
wyn-sum adj winsome, delightfulnp wynsumugp -sumraap -sumecomp ns -sumra
wynsumlıc adj winsomewyn-sumnes f winsomeness
ds -nessewyrcan (wyrcean) WI work, make, perform, do
3 sg wyrcD, wircDimp 2 sg wyrcopt 3 sg wyrce3 pl wyrcenpret 3 sg worhte3 pl worhtun
wyrd f weird, fate, destinygs wyrdeds wyrdeas wyrdgp wyrda[weorDan]
wyrhta m wright, worker, makernp wyrhtan
wyrm m worm, serpentgs wyrmesgp wyrma
wyrm-lıca m figure of a dragon (?); serpentineornamentation (?)wyrnan WI deny, refuse, withhold (w dat of persand gen of thing)
pret 3 sg wyrnde3 pl -don[wearn ’refusal’; Mod warn]
wyrsa, wyrrest see: yfelwyrt f wort, root, plant, herb
np wyrtagp wyrta[Ger Wurz]
wyrt-truma m rootas wyrtruman
wyrDe see: weorDePage 384wyscan WI wish (w dat of pers and gen of thing)
pret 3 sg wyscte
Yydel see: ıdelyfel adj evil, bad
as yflannp yfle, yflangp yflenadp yflancomp ns wyrsacomp np wyrsansupl dp wyrrestumsupl ap weorstan, wyrstan
yfel n evil, wickedness, mischiefgs yfelesap yfeludp yflum
yfele adv badly, miserablyyfelnis f wickedness
as -nysseyfel-willende (ptc) adj willing evil, evil-mindedyfel-wyrcende (ptc) adj evil-doingyflian WII wrong, injure
3 sg yflaDpret 3 sg yflode
ylca see: ilcaylding f tarrying, delay
ds yldinge[eald]
yldo (yldu, yld, ieldu, ield) f agegs yldeas ylde, yldu[Mod eld]
yldra (ieldra) m ancestor, parentnp ieldran, yldrangp yldrenaap yldran[eald]
ymbe (ymb, embe) prep w acc; adv around,about (place, time); concerningymbe-spræc f comment, remark, criticism
as -spræceymb-fon R grasp, seize
3 sg -fehDymb-hwyrft m circuitymb-hydignis (-hygdignis) f reflection, anxiety
ds -nysseymb-sellan WI encompass
pret 3 sg -sealdeymb-settan WI surround
3 sg seteDpp pl -sette
110
ymb-sittan 5 besiegepret 3 pl -sæton
ymb-utan adv about, aroundyrfe-numa m heir
np yrfenumanyrfe-weard m heiryrhDu (-yrhDo) f cowardice
as yrhDo[earh]
yrmD (yrmDo, iermD, ermD) f poverty, care,hardship, misery
ns yrmDuds yrmDe[earm]
yrnan (iernan, irnan) (principal parts: pret sg:arn pret pl: urnon pp: urnen ) 3 run
inf irnanptc yrnende (of a ship; also of years)
Page 385yrre (ierre) n angeryrre (ierre, eorre) adj angry, enragedys see: beonysen see: ısenysle f ashes
np yslanyst f stormyteren adj of an otter
as yterenne[otor]
ytmæst see: uterayttra see: uterayD f wave
np yDayDan WI lay waste (trans)
pret 3 sg yDdeyD-faru f wave-course, flood
ds -fareyD-mere m ocean of waves
Indo-European Language Resources Sean Crist’sHomepage
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![Elfrico grammatico e l'insegnamento linguistico nell'Inghilterra anglosassone ['Ælfric as a Grammarian and Language Teaching in Anglo-Saxon England'] [1991]](https://img.pdfslide.net/doc/110x75/6351db48ba4994660704eb3e/elfrico-grammatico-e-linsegnamento-linguistico-nellinghilterra-anglosassone-alfric.jpg)
