Handbook of Mechanics of Materials

Chun-Hway HsuehEditor-in-Chief

Siegfried Schmauder • Chuin-Shan ChenKrishan K. Chawla • Nikhilesh ChawlaWeiqiu Chen • Yutaka KagawaEditors

Handbook of Mechanics ofMaterials

With 1369 Figures and 129 Tables

Editor-in-ChiefChun-Hway HsuehDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan

EditorsSiegfried SchmauderInstitute for Materials Testing, MaterialsScience and Strength of MaterialsUniversity of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany

Chuin-Shan ChenDepartment of Civil EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan

Krishan K. ChawlaUAB Mail BEC 254Birmingham, AL, USA

Nikhilesh ChawlaArizona State UniversityFulton School of EngineeringTempe, AZ, USA

Weiqiu ChenZhejiang UniversityEngineering MechanicsHangzhou, China

Yutaka KagawaTokyo University of TechnologyKatayanagi Advanced Research LaboratoriesTokyo, Japan

ISBN 978-981-10-6883-6 ISBN 978-981-10-6884-3 (eBook)ISBN 978-981-10-6885-0 (print and electronic bundle)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6884-3

Library of Congress Control Number: 2018964085

# Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of thematerial is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or informationstorage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodologynow known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoes not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevantprotective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this bookare believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or theeditors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errorsor omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claimsin published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Preface

Advances in micromanufacturing and nanotechnology have offered unique oppor-tunities of tailoring the mechanical, electronic, magnetic, optical, and chemicalproperties of materials from the molecular or the atomic scale. Miniaturization ofstructural components and functional devices has led to the development of newtechnologies, such as microelectromechanical systems, micro-engines, smart struc-tures, lab-on-a-chip, spintronics devices, and biomedical sensing devices. However,the abovementioned systems and devices have one issue in common. In order toperform their functionalities, they must maintain their structural integrity and reli-ability during their service life. Thus, the mechanical properties are major concernsfor design engineers and device manufacturers. Characterization of the mechanicalproperties requires both the tools and the theory to obtain and analyze informationover multiple length and time scales.

Springer’s Major Reference Work Handbook of Mechanics of Materials providesa comprehensive reference for the studies of mechanical properties of materials overmultiple length and time scales. To undertake this monumental work, ProfessorHsueh was invited by Springer as the Editor-in-Chief to organize the editorialteam. Six renowned leading researchers on mechanics of materials were invited tojoin the editorial team to solicit handbook chapters from internationally recognizedcontributors to provide in-depth analysis, overviews, and authoritative guidance onthe basic science as well as cutting-edge technologies across a broad spectrum ofmechanics of materials including nanomechanics, micromechanics, macro-mechanics, and measurements/applications. The content of each chapter wasreviewed by the editorial team to ensure the high quality of the handbook and acoherent approach throughout the completion of the work. This published handbookconsists of 71 state-of-the-art review chapters written by more than 178 world-leading experts from more than 18 countries. With more than 4155 references andover 1,400 figures and tables, this handbook provides a valuable reference resourcefor everyone who is involved in mechanics of materials. To track the currentadvances in mechanics of materials, the online edition of this handbook will beupdated constantly at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6855-3, and your com-ments concerning the publication of this handbook are greatly appreciated.

This handbook is intended for audiences of students, faculty members,researchers, and professionals in the fields of Materials Science, Mechanical

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Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering Mechanics, Aerospace Engineering,Biomedical Engineering, Electronics, Physics, etc. This handbook covers all types ofmaterials that the researchers and engineers may encounter including metals,ceramics, polymers, composites, biomaterials, shape-memory alloys, metallicglasses, nanomaterials, etc. This 2431 page handbook is the end product of thesuperb cooperation of many distinguished colleagues who devoted their expertise,valuable time, and efforts to write remarkable state-of-the-art review chapters. Wegreatly appreciate the tremendous efforts of all contributing authors.

National Taiwan University, Taiwan Chun-Hway HsuehEditor-in-Chief

University of Stuttgart, Germany Siegfried SchmauderNational Taiwan University, Taiwan Chuin-Shan ChenUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, USA Krishan K. ChawlaArizona State University, USA Nikhilesh ChawlaZhejiang University, China Weiqiu ChenTokyo University of Technology, Japan Yutaka KagawaJanuary 2019 Editors

vi Preface

Contents

Volume 1

Part I Nanomechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1 Dislocation Nucleation Mediated Plasticity of FCC Nanowires . . . 3Seunghwa Ryu, Jaemin Kim, and Sangryun Lee

2 Indentation Behavior of Metallic Glass Via MolecularDynamics Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Chun-Yi Wu and Yun-Che Wang

3 Surface/Interface Stress and Thin Film Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Chun-Wei Pao

4 Characterizing Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Material:A Bottom-Up Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Lik-ho Tam and Denvid Lau

5 Fracture Nanomechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Yabin Yan, Takashi Sumigawa, Licheng Guo, and Takayuki Kitamura

6 In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation ofDislocation Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Josh Kacher, Ben P. Eftink, and Ian M. Robertson

7 Multiscale Modeling of Radiation Hardening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167Ghiath Monnet and Ludovic Vincent

8 Atomistic Simulations of Metal–Al2O3 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Stephen Hocker, Alexander Bakulin, Hansjörg Lipp,Siegfried Schmauder, and Svetlana Kulkova

9 Multiscale Simulation of Precipitation in Copper-AlloyedPipeline Steels and in Cu-Ni-Si Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241Dennis Rapp, Seyedsaeid Sajadi, David Molnar, Peter Binkele,Ulrich Weber, Stephen Hocker, Alejandro Mora, Joerg Seeger, andSiegfried Schmauder

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10 Atomistic Simulations of Hydrogen Effects on Lattice Defectsin Alpha Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283Shinya Taketomi and Ryosuke Matsumoto

11 Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Nanopolycrystals . . . . . . . . . . 301Christian Brandl

12 Modeling Dislocation in Binary Magnesium-Based Alloys UsingAtomistic Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Sébastien Groh and Mohammad K. Nahhas

13 Atomistic Simulation Techniques to Model Hydrogen Segregationand Hydrogen Embrittlement in Metallic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . 357Douglas E. Spearot, Rémi Dingreville, and Christopher J. O’Brien

14 Modeling and Simulation of Bio-inspired Nanoarmors . . . . . . . . . 391Stefano Signetti and Nicola M. Pugno

15 Thermal Vibration of Carbon Nanostructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421Lifeng Wang, Haiyan Hu, and Rumeng Liu

16 Mechanics of Carbon Nanotubes and Their Composites . . . . . . . . 483Jian Wu, Chenxi Zhang, Jizhou Song, and Keh-Chih Hwang

17 Flexoelectric Effect at the Nanoscale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549Lele L. Ma, Weijin J. Chen, and Yue Zheng

18 Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Metals: MolecularDynamics Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591Haofei Zhou and Shaoxing Qu

19 Processes in Nano-Length-Scale Copper Crystal UnderDynamic Loads: A Molecular Dynamics Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615I. F. Golovnev and E. I. Golovneva

20 Understanding Fracture and Fatigue at the Chemical BondScale: Potential of Raman Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655Philippe Colomban

21 Atomistic Modeling of Radiation Damage in Metallic Alloys . . . . . 673Charlotte S. Becquart, Andrée De Backer, and Christophe Domain

22 Monte Carlo Simulations of Precipitation Under Irradiation . . . . 703Charlotte S. Becquart and Frédéric Soisson

23 Mechanics of Auxetic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733Hyeonho Cho, Dongsik Seo, and Do-Nyun Kim

24 Nanoindentation and Indentation Size Effects: ContinuumModel and Atomistic Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759Chi-Hua Yu, Kuan-Po Lin, and Chuin-Shan Chen

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25 Continuum Theory for Deformable Interfaces/Surfaces withMulti-field Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795B. Wu and W. Q. Chen

Volume 2

Part II Micromechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823

26 Interaction Between Stress and Diffusion in Lithium-IonBatteries: Analysis of Diffusion-Induced Buckling ofNanowires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825F. Q. Yang, Yan Li, B. L. Zheng, and K. Zhang

27 Dynamic Compressive Mechanical Behavior of Magnesium-BasedMaterials: Magnesium Single Crystal, PolycrystallineMagnesium, and Magnesium Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845Qizhen Li

28 Micropillar Mechanics of Sn-Based Intermetallic Compounds . . . 873J. J. Yu, J. Y. Wu, L. J. Yu, and C. R. Kao

29 Micro-mechanics in Electrochemical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901Giovanna Bucci and W. Craig Carter

30 Fiber Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites: A ProbabilisticMicromechanics-Based Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955Jacques Lamon

31 Micromechanics of Polymeric Materials in AggressiveEnvironments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987Xiaohong Chen

32 Crack Paths in Graded and Layered Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013Ivar Reimanis

33 Micromechanics Modeling of Creep Fracture ofHigh-Temperature Ceramics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035Chi-Hua Yu, Chang-Wei Huang, Chuin-Shan Chen, andChun-Hway Hsueh

34 Modeling of Multilayered Disc Subjected to Biaxial FlexureTests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1093Chun-Hway Hsueh

35 Micromechanics of Dual-Phase Steels: Deformation, Damage,and Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127Behnam Anbarlooie, Javad Kadkhodapour, Hossein HosseiniToudeshky, and Siegfried Schmauder

Contents ix

36 Defect Accumulation in Nanoporous Wear-Resistant CoatingsUnder Collective Recrystallization: Simulation by HybridCellular Automaton Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157Dmitry D. Moiseenko, Pavel V. Maksimov, Sergey V. Panin,Dmitriy S. Babich, and Victor E. Panin

37 Multiscale Fatigue Crack Growth Modeling for WeldedStiffened Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191Ž. Božić, Siegfried Schmauder, M. Mlikota, and M. Hummel

38 Dislocation Density-Based Modeling of Crystal PlasticityFinite Element Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1213Tetsuya Ohashi

39 Competing Grain Boundary and Interior DeformationMechanisms with Varying Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1239Wei Zhang, Yanfei Gao, and Tai-Gang Nieh

40 Multiscale Translation-Rotation Plastic Flow in Polycrystals . . . . 1255Victor E. Panin, Valerii E. Egorushkin, Tamara F. Elsukova,Natalya S. Surikova, Yurii I. Pochivalov, and Alexey V. Panin

41 Micromechanics of Hierarchical Materials: Modeling andPerspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1293Leon Mishnaevsky Jr.

42 Modelling the Behavior of Complex Media by Jointly UsingDiscrete and Continuum Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1311Sergey G. Psakhie, Alexey Yu. Smolin, Evgeny V. Shilko, andAndrey V. Dimaki

43 Spectral Solvers for Crystal Plasticity and Multi-physicsSimulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1347Pratheek Shanthraj, Martin Diehl, Philip Eisenlohr, Franz Roters, andDierk Raabe

44 Interface Delamination Analysis of Dissimilar Materials:Application to Thermal Barrier Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1373Yutaka Kagawa, Makoto Tanaka, and Makoto Hasegawa

Volume 3

Part III Macromechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1413

45 Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for Ductile Solid Continua . . . 1415Peter Eberhard and Fabian Spreng

x Contents

46 Simulation of Crack Propagation Under Mixed-ModeLoading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1465Martin Bäker, Stefanie Reese, and Vadim V. Silberschmidt

47 Relaxation Element Method in Mechanics of DeformableSolid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1503Ye. Ye. Deryugin, G. V. Lasko, and Siegfried Schmauder

48 Damping Characteristics of Shape Memory Alloys on TheirInherent and Intrinsic Internal Friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1565Shih-Hang Chang and Shyi-Kaan Wu

49 Application of Homogenization of Material Properties . . . . . . . . . 1595Ming Dong and Siegfried Schmauder

50 Fatigue Behavior of 9–12% Cr Ferritic-Martensitic Steel . . . . . . . 1629Zhen Zhang, Zhengfei Hu, and Siegfried Schmauder

51 Coupling of Discrete and Continuum Approaches in Modelingthe Behavior of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1675Alexey Yu. Smolin, Igor Yu. Smolin, Evgeny V. Shilko,Yuri P. Stefanov, and Sergey G. Psakhie

52 Numerical Simulation of Material Separation Using CohesiveZone Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1715Ingo Scheider

53 Current Applications of Finite Element Methods in Dentistry . . . . 1757Noriyuki Wakabayashi, Natsuko Murakami, and Atsushi Takaichi

54 Elastic-Plastic and Quasi-Brittle Fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1785Xiaozhi Hu and Li Liang

55 Coupling Models of New Material Synthesis in ModernTechnologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1817Anna Knyazeva, Olga Kryukova, Svetlana Sorokova, and SergeyShanin

56 Simulation of Fracture Behavior of Weldments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1859Haoyun Tu, Siegfried Schmauder, and Yan Li

Part IV Measurement and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1877

57 Very High Cycle Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1879Martina Zimmermann

58 High Temperature Mechanical Testing of Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1917Birgit Skrotzki, Jürgen Olbricht, and Hans-Joachim Kühn

Contents xi

59 Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)-Based Testing ofMaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1955Jagannathan Rajagopalan

60 Nanoindentation for Testing Material Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1981Yu-Lin Shen

61 3D/4D X-Ray Microtomography: Probing the MechanicalBehavior of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2013Sudhanshu S. Singh and Nikhilesh Chawla

62 Mechanical Testing of Single Fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2035Krishan K. Chawla

63 Stress Measurement in Thin Films Using Wafer Curvature:Principles and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2051Eric Chason

64 Testing of Foams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2083Nikhil Gupta, Steven Eric Zeltmann, Dung D. Luong, andMrityunjay Doddamani

65 Crack-Dislocation Interactions Ahead of a Crack Tip . . . . . . . . . . 2123R. Goswami and C. S. Pande

66 In-Situ Nanomechanical Testing in Electron Microscopes . . . . . . . 2143Shou-Yi Chang

67 Deformation Measurement for Multiscale and MultifieldProblems Using the Digital Image Correlation Method . . . . . . . . . 2189Chien-Ching Ma and Ching-Yuan Chang

68 High Temperature Nanomechanical Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2219Miguel A. Monclús and Jon M. Molina-Aldareguia

69 The Sliding Wear Response of High-Performance Cermets . . . . . . 2249Kevin P. Plucknett, C. Jin, C. C. Onuoha, T. L. Stewart, andZ. Memarrashidi

70 Electromechanical Coupling of Botanic Cells: Theory andApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2291C. C. Chen and W. P. Shih

71 Additive Manufacturing of Multidirectional Preforms andComposites: Microstructural Design, Fabrication, andCharacterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2353Zhenzhen Quan and Tsu-Wei Chou

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2407

xii Contents

About the Editor-in-Chief

Professor Chun-Hway Hsueh received his Ph.D.degree from the Department of Materials Science andEngineering at the University of California, Berkeley, in1981. Before joining National Taiwan University in2010 as a Distinguished Professor, he was a Distin-guished R&D Staff at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.Professor Hsueh’s formal training is analytical model-ing. He has developed analytical models and derivedclosed-form solutions for many complex problems toidentify key parameters in controlling properties/perfor-mance of materials and to provide guidelines in thematerial design. His work has been extensively cited,and he was listed as ISI highly cited researcher inMaterials Science in 2002. Since joining National Tai-wan University, his work has been extended to appliedresearch. His current research work includes metallicglasses, shape-memory alloys, high-entropy alloys,nanoindentation, surface-enhanced Raman scattering,plasmonics nanodevices, etc. He has authored orco-authored more than 260 scientific journal papers.Professor Hsueh is a Fellow of the American Societyfor Metals (ASM), the American Ceramic Society(ACerS), and the World Innovation Foundation (WIF).Currently, he serves as Associate Editor of seven inter-national journals.

xiii

About the Editors

Professor Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h. c. Siegfried Schmauderreceived the degree Dipl.-Math. (Information Technol-ogy) from the Mathematics Department, University ofStuttgart, in 1981, and in 1988, he received the Doctorof Science degree in Materials Science at the sameuniversity. Since 1994 he is a Professor of Strength ofMaterials and Materials Sciences at the University ofStuttgart. During 2011–2014 he was the Acting Leaderof the Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Scienceand Strength of Materials (IMWF) and during2011–2013 of the Institute of Thermal Turbomachineryand Machinery Laboratory (ITSM). His research inter-ests comprise computational methods in applied sci-ences and engineering; finite elements and analyticalmethods; materials modeling on nano-, meso-, micro-,and macro-mechanical scales; experiments to investi-gate microstructure/property relationships in heteroge-neous materials; and multiscale materials modeling fordifferent materials.

Professor Schmauder started his career as ScientificAssistant at Max Planck Institute for Metals Research inStuttgart in 1982. From 1988 to 1989, he was Repre-sentative Leader of the Electron Microscopy Group atMax Planck Institute for Metals Research in Stuttgart.From 1991 to 1994, he was Leader of the group Struc-tural Mechanics at Max Planck Institute for MetalsResearch. During the period 2004–2008, he was ElectedMember of the Council of the Collaborative ResearchCenter 381 “Characterization of Damage in Fiber-Reinforced Composites Using Non-destructiveMethods” and during the period 2008–2018 of the Col-laborative Research Center 761 “Dynamic Simulationsof Systems with Large Numbers of Particles.”

xv

Professor Schmauder was a Guest Professor at theUniversity of Tokyo, Japan, in 1996; a DAAD GuestProfessor at the Academy of Sciences in Tomsk, Russia,in 1997; and a Guest Professor at the Science Universityof Tokyo in 1999 and at the University of Kyoto, Japan, in2004. He was awarded the JSPS Research Fellowship,University of Tokyo, Japan (1989–1990), and received theMedal of the University of Tokyo in 1989. He obtained aDFGResearch Fellowship from the University of Califor-nia, USA (1990–1991). Professorships were offered tohim by the German University in Cairo (GUC) in 2014;by the University of Bochum, Germany, in 2007; and bythe University of Rostock, Germany, in 2005.

Professor Schmauder was Co-Editor of the Interna-tional Journal of Computational Materials Science andSurface Engineering from 2003 to 2013, and he is Edito-rial Board Member of the Journal of Physical Meso-mechanics since 1998. He has held distinguishedcommunity and university services as amember of numer-ous committees and was organizer and chairman of28 international workshops on Computational Mechanicsof Materials and chairman, organizer, or member of theorganizing committee of more than 10 conferences. Pro-fessor Schmauder supervised more than 30 dissertations,and he is External Examiner of the universities Oxford;Lille; Ecole Polytechnique, Saclay; Université Paris 13 –Paris Nord; Karlsruhe; Dresden; Jena; Bochum; Ham-burg; and Freiberg. He gave more than 180 invited oralpresentations at conferences and workshops and hasauthored or co-authored over 500 papers, 4 book chapters,and 4 books.

Professor Chuin-Shan (David) Chen is Professor inthe Department of Civil Engineering and the DeputyDirector for iNSIGHT Center (Center of Innovationand Synergy for Intelligent Home and Living Tech-nology), National Taiwan University. He is also theDivision Head of Information Technology, NationalCenter for Research on Earthquake Engineering. He iscurrently the Fellow of the International Associationfor Computational Mechanics (IACM), a GeneralCouncil Member of the IACM, an Executive Council

xvi About the Editors

Member of the Asian-Pacific Association for Compu-tational Mechanics (APACM), a Secretary Generaland an Executive Council Member of the Associationof Computational Mechanics Taiwan (ACMT), a VicePresident and an Executive Council Member of Inter-national Chinese Association for ComputationalMechanics (ICACM), and a Member of EASEC Inter-national Steering Committee. He was the Editor-in-Chief of the international journals Interaction andMultiscale Mechanics (IMM) and Multiscale andMultiphysics Mechanics (MMM) and is now theEditor-in-Chief of Coupled Systems Mechanics(CSM).

Professor Chen’s research interests are associatedwith mechanics and physics of materials at thenanometer and micrometer scales. He has made sig-nificant contributions on the area of multiscalecomputational methods and their applications tonanomechanics, materials modeling, and biosensorsimulation. Among his major achievements are thedevelopment of physical partition cluster summationand atom-continuum transition for the quasicontinuummethod, closed-form real-space absorbing boundarycondition for molecular dynamics, multiscale methodfor microcantilever biosensors, atomistic and contin-uum modeling of ceramics and piezomaterials, phase-field model for freeze casting and crack growth simu-lation, p-version finite element and its applications tofracture mechanics, novel contact detection algorithmsfor polyhedral blocks, discrete elements coupling withfluid dynamics, and subgrid-enriched immersedboundary method for solid-fluid interaction, amongothers. He has received numerous awards, includingInternational Association for Computational Mechan-ics (IACM) Fellow Award, International ChineseAssociation for Computational Mechanics (ICACM)Computational Mechanics Award, Lifelong NationalTaiwan University Distinguished Teaching Award,National Science Council Distinguished Young Inves-tigator Award, and Distinguished Young Scholar fromSociety of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, amongothers.

About the Editors xvii

Professor Krishan K. Chawla obtained his B.S. fromBanaras Hindu University and his M.S. and Ph.D.degrees from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He has taught and/or done research at(in alphabetical order) Arizona State University,Tempe, AZ; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(Switzerland); Federal Institute for Materials Researchand Testing (BAM), Berlin (Germany); German Aero-space Research Institute (DLR), Cologne (Germany);Instituto Militar de Engenharia (Brazil); Laval Univer-sity (Canada); Los Alamos National Lab (USA); NewMexico Tech (USA); Northwestern University (USA);University of Alabama at Birmingham (USA); and Uni-versity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA). Heserved as the Chairman of the Department of Materialsand Mechanical Engineering, University of Alabama atBirmingham (UAB), during 1999–2001. Currently, he isa Professor Emeritus in the Department of MaterialsScience and Engineering at the UAB.

He has published extensively in the areas of pro-cessing, microstructure, and mechanical behavior ofmaterials, in general, and composite materials andfibers, in particular. His current research projects involveprocessing, microstructure, and properties of metal-matrix and ceramic-matrix composites. Among theareas of research interest are powder processing of com-posites, thermal management via composites, interfacialengineering in various composites, and high-performance fibers. Professor Chawla is author orco-author of over 200 papers. He is also the author/co-author of eight textbooks that are used in classrooms allover the world. In addition, he has co-edited four books.

Besides being a member of various professional soci-eties, Professor Chawla is Editor of International Mate-rials Reviews (published jointly by ASM International,USA, and the Institute of Materials, London) and aMember of the Editorial Board of Journal of MaterialsScience (Springer), Materials Characterization(Elsevier), and Metallography, Microstructure, andAnalysis (published by Springer for ASM International)and Trans Tech Publications.

During 1989–1990, Professor Chawla served as aProgram Director for metals and ceramics in the

xviii About the Editors

Division of Materials Research, National Science Foun-dation, Washington, DC. Professor Chawla serves as aconsultant to the industry, US national laboratories, andvarious US federal government agencies. In 1990, hewas selected an ASM International-Indian Institute ofMetals Lecturer. In 1992, he was the recipient of theEshbach Society Distinguished Visiting Scholar Awardfrom Northwestern University. During the period ofJune 1994 through June 1995, he held the US Depart-ment of Energy Faculty Fellowship at Oak RidgeNational Laboratory. In 1996, he was given the Distin-guished Researcher Award by the New Mexico Tech. In1997, he was made a Fellow of ASM International. In2000, he was awarded the Distinguished AlumnusAward by Banaras Hindu University. He received thePresident’s Award for Excellence in Teaching, Univer-sity of Alabama at Birmingham, in 2006. He wasawarded the Educator Award by The Minerals, Metalsand Materials Society (TMS) in 2011. The citation ofthis award reads: “For seminal contributions and textbooks written for the education and training of studentsin mechanical behavior and composites.”

Professor Chawla has organized a number of inter-national conferences and workshops under the auspicesof the National Science Foundation, United EngineeringFoundation, Engineering Conferences International, andAmerican Composites Manufacturers Association indifferent parts of the world. He has also given specialcourses on composite materials for the engineers andresearchers from the industry.

Nikhilesh Chawla is Director for the Center for 4DMaterials Science and is the Fulton Professor of Mate-rials Science and Engineering (MSE) at Arizona StateUniversity. He is also a Professor of Mechanical Engi-neering. Professor Chawla received his Ph.D. in Mate-rials Science and Engineering from the University ofMichigan in 1997. He served as Acting Chair of theMSE program at ASU in 2010. Prior to joining ArizonaState University in 2000, he was a Postdoctoral Fellowjointly at Ford Motor Company and the University ofMichigan and a Senior Development Engineer atHoeganaes Corporation.

About the Editors xix

Professor Chawla’s research interests encompass thedeformation behavior of advanced materials at bulk andsmall length scales, including four-dimensional(4D) materials science, environmentally benign metallicalloys, composite materials, and nanolaminates. He hasco-authored over 230 refereed journal publications(Web of Science h-index of 40, Google Scholarh-index of 50) and close to 470 presentations in theseareas. He is the author of the textbook Metal MatrixComposites (co-authored with K.K. Chawla), publishedby Springer. The second edition of this book waspublished in 2013.

Professor Chawla is a Fellow of ASM Internationaland Past Member of The Minerals, Metals and MaterialsSociety (TMS) Board of Directors. He is the recipient ofthe Acta Materialia Silver Medal for 2017 and NewMexico Tech Distinguished Alumnus Award for 2016.In addition, he was awarded the 2016 Structural Mate-rials Division Distinguished Scientist/EngineeringAward and the 2016 Functional Materials Division Dis-tinguished Scientist/Engineering Award, both fromTMS; 2013 Brimacombe Medalist Award from TMS;2011 Distinguished Lectureship given by Tsinghua Uni-versity, China; 2004 Bradley Stoughton Award forYoung Teachers, given by ASM International; and2006 TMS Young Leaders Tutorial Lecture. He hasalso won the National Science Foundation Early CareerDevelopment Award and the Office of Naval ResearchYoung Investigator Award.

Professor Chawla is Editor of Materials Science andEngineering A published by Elsevier (2016, impactfactor of 3.1). He also serves on the Editorial Boardsof Advanced Engineering Materials, Materials Charac-terization, andMaterials Chemistry and Physics. He hasserved or is serving on several external advisory boards,including that of Naval Research Laboratory, theAdvanced Photon Source at Argonne National Labora-tory, and New Mexico Tech. His work has been featuredon the show Modern Marvels on the History Channel,R&D News, Fox News, and the Arizona Republic. Heserves on ASU President Michael Crow’s AcademicCouncil, which provides input to the president on aca-demic, structural, and strategic matters.

xx About the Editors

Weiqiu Chen is a Professor in the Department of Engi-neering Mechanics at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,China. He received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees fromZhejiang University in 1990 and 1996, respectively.He worked as a Postdoctoral Research Associate at theUniversity of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, during 1997–1999.He was promoted as an Associate Professor in 1999 anda Full Professor in 2000.

Professor Chen has engaged himself in mechanicsof smart materials/structures, vibration/waves in struc-tures, and mechanics of soft materials/structures for over20 years. In particular, he has made a systematic gener-alization of the potential theory method and derived aseries of exact three-dimensional solutions to crack andcontact problems of functional materials with multi-fieldcouplings; he has initiated to use the state-space formu-lations and the layer-wise approximation jointly to ana-lyze mechanical responses of functionally gradedmaterial structures in the three-dimensional setting; hehas established the mathematical basis of the method ofreverberation-ray matrix, which is generally superiorto other matrix techniques for structural dynamics dueto its unconditionally stable capability; he has coineda convenient method to establish surface theoriesfrom the three-dimensional ones which can easily incor-porate all complex factors into the final formulationswithout the need to introduce any new physicalconcepts.

He has co-authored over 350 peer-reviewed journalarticles (with an h-index of 42 from WOS) and3 English books on Three Dimensional Problems ofPiezoelasticity (Nova, 2001), Elasticity of Trans-versely Isotropic Materials (Springer, 2006), andStatic Green’s Functions in Anisotropic Media (Cam-bridge University Press, 2015), respectively. He isnow serving as the Editorial Member (or AssociateEditor-in-Chief) of 12 academic journals includingMechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures(Taylor & Francis), Composite Structures (Elsevier),Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters (Elsevier),Journal of Thermal Stresses (Taylor & Francis), andApplied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edi-tion) (Springer).

About the Editors xxi

Dr. Yutaka Kagawa is a Professor at Tokyo Universityof Technology and the Director of KatayanagiAdvanced Research Institute and Director of the Centerfor Ceramic Matrix Composites (CCMC) at Tokyo Uni-versity of Technology. He is also Emeritus Professor ofthe University of Tokyo and Emeritus Fellow ofNational Institute for Materials Science (NIMS). Hereceived his M.S. and Dr. Eng. degrees from WasedaUniversity, Tokyo, Japan. His current research interestsinclude design and performance of advanced fiber-reinforced ceramic composites, environmental barriercoatings, and fracture of solid materials. Emphasis isplaced on understanding of mechanical behaviorthrough experimental and theoretical approaches.

xxii About the Editors

Contributors

Behnam Anbarlooie Department of Aerospace Engineering, Amirkabir Universityof Technology, Tehran, Iran

Dmitriy S. Babich Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

Martin Bäker Institut für Werkstoffe, Technische Universität Braunschweig,Braunschweig, Germany

Alexander Bakulin Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SBRAS, Tomsk, Russia

Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

Charlotte S. Becquart University Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, UMR 8207,UMET, Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France

EM2VM, Joint laboratory Study and Modeling of the Microstructure for Ageing ofMaterials, Lille and Moret sur Loing, France

Peter Binkele Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength ofMaterials (IMWF), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

Ž. Božić Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University ofZagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Christian Brandl Institute for Applied Materials (IAM-WBM), Karlsruhe Instituteof Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

Giovanna Bucci Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MassachusettsInstitute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

W. Craig Carter Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MassachusettsInstitute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

Ching-Yuan Chang Department of Mechanical Engineering, National TaipeiUniversity of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan

Shih-Hang Chang Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, NationalI-Lan University, I-Lan, Taiwan

xxiii

Shou-Yi Chang Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National TsingHua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Eric Chason School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

Krishan K. Chawla Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universityof Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

Nikhilesh Chawla Center for 4D Materials Science, Materials Science andEngineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA

C. C. Chen Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

Chuin-Shan Chen Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University,Taipei, Taiwan

W. Q. Chen Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, P. R. China

State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang Univer-sity, Hangzhou, P. R. China

Weijin J. Chen State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technolo-gies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Micro&Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics,Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Xiaohong Chen Aerostructures, UTC Aerospace Systems, Chula Vista, CA, USA

Hyeonho Cho Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, SeoulNational University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Tsu-Wei Chou Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for CompositeMaterials, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA

Philippe Colomban De la Molécule aux Nano-Objets: Réactivité, InteractionsSpectroscopies, MONARIS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France

Andrée De Backer CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, UK

Ye. Ye. Deryugin Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, SB RAS,Tomsk, Russia

Martin Diehl Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf,Germany

Andrey V. Dimaki Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SiberianBranch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia

Rémi Dingreville Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA

Mrityunjay Doddamani Department of Mechanical Engineering, NationalInstitute of Technology Karanataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, Karanataka, India

xxiv Contributors

Christophe Domain EDF-R&D, Département Matériaux et Mécanique desComposants, Les Renardières, Moret sur Loing, France

EM2VM, Joint laboratory Study and Modeling of the Microstructure for Ageing ofMaterials, Lille and Moret sur Loing, France

Ming Dong Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG, Esslingen,Germany

Peter Eberhard Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics, Univer-sity of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

Ben P. Eftink Los Alamos National Laboratory, MST-8 Materials Science inRadiation and Dynamic Extremes, Los Alamos, NM, USA

Valerii E. Egorushkin Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SBRAS, Tomsk, Russia

Philip Eisenlohr Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing, MI, USA

Tamara F. Elsukova Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS,Tomsk, Russia

Yanfei Gao Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University ofTennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, OakRidge, TN, USA

I. F. Golovnev Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SBRAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

E. I. Golovneva Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SBRAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

R. Goswami Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Labora-tory, Washington, DC, USA

Sébastien Groh Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel,Allschwil, Switzerland

Licheng Guo Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, HarbinInstitute of Technology, Harbin, China

Nikhil Gupta Composite Materials and Mechanics Laboratory, Department ofMechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New YorkUniversity, Brooklyn, NY, USA

Makoto Hasegawa Division of Systems Research, Faculty of Engineering,Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan

Stephen Hocker Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength ofMaterials (IMWF), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

Contributors xxv

Hossein Hosseini Toudeshky Department of Aerospace Engineering, AmirkabirUniversity of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Chun-Hway Hsueh Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NationalTaiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Haiyan Hu State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China

School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China

Xiaozhi Hu School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University ofWestern Australia, Perth, WA, Australia

Zhengfei Hu School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University,Shanghai, China

Chang-Wei Huang Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan ChristianUniversity, Chung-Li, Taiwan

M. Hummel Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength ofMaterials (IMWF), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

Keh-Chih Hwang AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, TsinghuaUniversity, Beijing, China

Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

C. Jin Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS,Canada

Josh Kacher Georgia Institute of Technology, Materials Science and Engineering,Atlanta, GA, USA

Javad Kadkhodapour Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran

Yutaka Kagawa Katayanagi Advanced Research Laboratories, Tokyo Universityof Technology, Tokyo, Japan

C. R. Kao Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National TaiwanUniversity, Taipei City, Taiwan

Do-Nyun Kim Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, SeoulNational University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Jaemin Kim Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute ofScience and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Takayuki Kitamura Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, KyotoUniversity, Kyoto-daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Anna Knyazeva Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia

Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of RussianAcademy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia

xxvi Contributors

Olga Kryukova Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SiberianBranch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia

Hans-Joachim Kühn Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM),Berlin, Germany

Svetlana Kulkova Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS,Tomsk, Russia

Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

Jacques Lamon LMT (CNRS-ENS Cachan-University Paris Saclay), Cachan,France

G. V. Lasko Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength ofMaterials (IMWF), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

Denvid Lau Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University ofHong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, Cambridge, MA, USA

Sangryun Lee Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Instituteof Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Qizhen Li School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington StateUniversity, Pullman, WA, USA

Yan Li School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji Univer-sity, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Li Liang School College of Resources and Civil Engineering, NortheasternUniversity, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

Kuan-Po Lin Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA,USA

Hansjörg Lipp Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength ofMaterials (IMWF), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

Rumeng Liu State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technol-ogy, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China

Dung D. Luong Composite Materials and Mechanics Laboratory, Department ofMechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New YorkUniversity, Brooklyn, NY, USA

Chien-Ching Ma Department of Mechanical Engineering, National TaiwanUniversity, Taipei, Taiwan

Contributors xxvii

Lele L. Ma State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies,Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Micro&Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Pavel V. Maksimov Laboratory of Physical Mesomechanics and Non-destructivetesting, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia

Ryosuke Matsumoto Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, KyotoUniversity, Kyoto, Japan

Z. Memarrashidi Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalhousie University,Halifax, NS, Canada

Leon Mishnaevsky Jr. Department of Wind Energy, Technical University ofDenmark, Roskilde, Denmark

M. Mlikota Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength ofMaterials (IMWF), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

Dmitry D. Moiseenko Laboratory of Physical Mesomechanics and Non-destruc-tive testing, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia

Jon M. Molina-Aldareguia IMDEA Materials Institute, Getafe (Madrid), Spain

David Molnar Institut für Materialprüfung, Werkstoffkunde und Festigkeitslehre(IMWF), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

Miguel A. Monclús IMDEA Materials Institute, Getafe (Madrid), Spain

Ghiath Monnet EDF – R&D, MMC, Paris, France

AlejandroMora Institut für Materialprüfung, Werkstoffkunde und Festigkeitslehre(IMWF), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

Natsuko Murakami Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medicaland Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan

Mohammad K. Nahhas Department of Biomedical Engineering, University ofBasel, Allschwil, Switzerland

Tai-Gang Nieh Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University ofTennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

Christopher J. O’Brien Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA

Tetsuya Ohashi Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan

Jürgen Olbricht Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM),Berlin, Germany

xxviii Contributors

C. C. Onuoha Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalhousie University,Halifax, NS, Canada

C. S. Pande Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval ResearchLaboratory, Washington, DC, USA

Alexey V. Panin Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS,Tomsk, Russia

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia

Sergey V. Panin National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia

Victor E. Panin Laboratory of Physical Mesomechanics and Non-destructivetesting, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia

National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

Chun-Wei Pao Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei,Taiwan

Kevin P. Plucknett Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalhousie University,Halifax, NS, Canada

Yurii I. Pochivalov Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS,Tomsk, Russia

Sergey G. Psakhie Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SiberianBranch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia

Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia

Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia

Nicola M. Pugno Laboratory of Bio-Inspired and Graphene Nanomechanics,Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University ofTrento, Trento, Italy

School of Engineering and Materials Sciences, Queen Mary University of London,London, UK

Ket-Lab, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, Italian Space Agency, Rome, Italy

Shaoxing Qu Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hang-zhou, China

Zhenzhen Quan College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

Dierk Raabe Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf,Germany

Sergey G. Psakhie: deceased.

Contributors xxix

Jagannathan Rajagopalan Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School forEngineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ,USA

Dennis Rapp Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength ofMaterials (IMWF), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

Stefanie Reese Institute of Applied Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen, Germany

Ivar Reimanis Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA

Ian M. Robertson University of Wisconsin-Madison, Materials Science andEngineering, Madison, WI, USA

Franz Roters Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf,Germany

Seunghwa Ryu Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Instituteof Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Seyedsaeid Sajadi Institut für Materialprüfung, Werkstoffkunde undFestigkeitslehre (IMWF), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

Ingo Scheider Institute of Materials Research, Materials Mechanics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany

Siegfried Schmauder Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science andStrength of Materials (IMWF), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

Joerg Seeger Wieland-Werke AG, Ulm, Germany

Dongsik Seo Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, SeoulNational University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Sergey Shanin Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia

Pratheek Shanthraj Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf,Germany

The School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

Yu-Lin Shen Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Mexico,Albuquerque, NM, USA

W. P. Shih Tiny Machine and Mechanics Lab (Timmel), Department of MechanicalEngineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Evgeny V. Shilko Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SiberianBranch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia

Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

xxx Contributors

Stefano Signetti Laboratory of Bio-Inspired and Graphene Nanomechanics,Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University ofTrento, Trento, Italy

Currently at: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute ofScience and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Vadim V. Silberschmidt Wolfson School of Mechanical and ManufacturingEngineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK

Sudhanshu S. Singh Department of Materials Science and Engineering, IndianInstitute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Birgit Skrotzki Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin,Germany

Alexey Yu. Smolin Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SiberianBranch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia

Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

Igor Yu. Smolin Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of RussianAcademy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia

Frédéric Soisson DEN-Service de Recherches de Métallurgie Physique, CEA,Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Jizhou Song Department of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Centerand Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Svetlana Sorokova Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia

Douglas E. Spearot University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Fabian Spreng Materials Testing Institute University of Stuttgart (MPA Stuttgart,Otto-Graf-Institut (FMPA)), Stuttgart, Germany

Yuri P. Stefanov Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics,Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia

Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of RussianAcademy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia

T. L. Stewart Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalhousie University,Halifax, NS, Canada

Takashi Sumigawa Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, KyotoUniversity, Kyoto-daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Natalya S. Surikova Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS,Tomsk, Russia

Contributors xxxi

Atsushi Takaichi Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medicaland Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan

Shinya Taketomi Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saga University, Saga,Japan

Lik-ho Tam Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University ofHong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Makoto Tanaka Materials Research and Development Laboratory, Japan FineCeramics Center, Nagoya, Japan

Haoyun Tu School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, TongjiUniversity, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Ludovic Vincent CEA, DEN, SRMA, Paris, France

Noriyuki Wakabayashi Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School ofMedical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU),Tokyo, Japan

Lifeng Wang State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China

Yun-Che Wang Department of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung Univer-sity, Tainan, Taiwan

Ulrich Weber Materials Testing Institute University of Stuttgart (MPA Stuttgart,Otto-Graf-Institut (FMPA)), Stuttgart, Germany

B. Wu Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,P. R. China

Chun-Yi Wu Research and Development Department Yan Men LTD, Tainan,Taiwan

J. Y. Wu Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National TaiwanUniversity, Taipei City, Taiwan

Jian Wu AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University,Beijing, China

Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Shyi-Kaan Wu Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NationalTaiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Yabin Yan Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University,Kyoto-daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang, China

xxxii Contributors

F. Q. Yang Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University ofKentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

Chi-Hua Yu Division of Research and Development, CoreTech Corp.(Moldex3D), Hsinchu, Taiwan

J. J. Yu Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National TaiwanUniversity, Taipei City, Taiwan

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at LosAngeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

L. J. Yu Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National TaiwanUniversity, Taipei City, Taiwan

Steven Eric Zeltmann Composite Materials and Mechanics Laboratory, Depart-ment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering,New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA

Chenxi Zhang Department of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter ResearchCenter and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of ZhejiangProvince, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

K. Zhang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong KongUniversity of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong

Wei Zhang Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University ofTennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

Zhen Zhang School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute ofTechnology, Nanjing, China

B. L. Zheng School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, TongjiUniversity, Shanghai, China

Yue Zheng State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies,Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Micro&Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics,Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Haofei Zhou School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

Martina Zimmermann Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Materials ScienceInstitute, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Sachsen, Germany

Contributors xxxiii