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American History IIChapter 7-2

Rise of Industrialism

Bell Ringer

Are big businesses good for America?

Why or why not?

Objective

Explain how Industrialism and national markets made it necessary for changes in business and in life

1 2 3 4 5 6

Christian Kaitlynn Jacob Tysen Garrett Tristan

Zane Zoe Alex Hayden Hailey Brynley

Tanner Danny Keegan Trae Brooklyn Hunter

Treva Treyton Jenni Bailey Tucker Anna

Matthew Heidi Devin Taylor Aaron April

Kassidy Kenny

Group Summaries

1. The Rise of Heavy Industry

2. The Technology Boom

3. National Markets

4. Refrigerated Railroad Cars

5. Nationwide Business

6. The Birth of Consumerism

1 2 3 4 5

Christian Zane Tanner Treva Matthew

Kassidy Danny Treyton Heidi Kenny

Zoe Kaitlynn Keegan Jenni Devin

Jacob Alex Bailey Taylor Tysen

Hayden Trae Aaron Garrett Hailey

Brooklyn Tucker Tristan Brynley Hunter

Anna April

Industrialism- The change from agriculture to manufacturing as the

main economic growth opportunities Took place from Civil War’s end until the 1900’s

Steel and mineral resources became vital to producing goods

Iron ore from Michigan and Minnesota

Steelmakers in Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania

Coal- used for steam run machines

Thomas Edison

The Wizard of Menlo Park

1,000 lifetime patents Light bulb Generator Phonograph

Other Inventions/Inventors

676,000 patents from 1860-1900 36,000 previously

Alexander Graham Bell Telephone 1876 1884 Boston-NY 1900 1.3 million phones nationwide

More listed on Pg. 206

National Markets

Nationwide economic system that improved through the railroad

Example: meatpacking Also aided by the refrigerated railroad car invented

by Gustavus Swift in the 1880’s Five major companies by the 1890’s

Nationwide Business

McCormick Harvesting Machine Company Dealerships with repairs

Singer Sewing Machine Company Retail stores

F.W. Woolworth Five and ten cent stores

Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company

Birth of Consumerism

Changes came in sales and advertising

More appealing department stores

1870-1900 advertising increase from $50 million- $542 million

Managerial Revolution

Big businesses had to separate jobs

Example: Railroads 1 person could supervise a 50-100 mile track

Bigger tracks would need more help One person watches track maintenance Cargo traffic

Bell Ringer

Name the people that were known for the following: Refrigerated Railroad Car Sewing Machine Five and Ten Cent Stores Harvesting Machine Company Telephone Lightbulb

Objective

Describe what led to the populist party and the beginning of labor unions.

John D. Rockefeller

Standard Oil Company founded in 1860’s

Continued buying competing companies

By 1870’s he controlled most oil refineries in Ohio 1884 refined 84% of the nations oil

Rail shipping rates of 10 cents vs. 35 cents

Horizontal Integration

Andrew Carnegie

Steel manufacturer

Bessemer process Cheap way to refine iron to steel Dropped cost of steel rails

Donated much of his money

Vertical Integration

d

Gilded Age

Rich people showed off importance by displaying their wealth Golden Age

Social Darwinism

“Survival of the fittest”

Herbert Spencer: Weak fall and strong move ahead

Business leaders liked this Government interference would only hold the strong

back

Many gave to charities, but was that enough?