Industrialism Begins

Agricultural Revolution

• Shift away from small farms and old farming techniques to big farms and more modern techniques

• 1701-Seed drill (instead of scattering seeds)• Crop rotation– Different crops in a field each year (need to replace

nutrients• Breeding– Only breed best cattle/sheep

Industrial Revolution

• Increased output of machine-made goods that began in England

• Aka-shift from making things by hand to making a lot by machine

Industrialization starts in England• Industrialization – Process of developing machine production of goods

• Why England?– Water power and coal to power new machines– Iron ore to construct machines, tools, buildings– Rivers for transportation– Harbors for trade– Good banking system– Good economy– Land, labor and capital (factors of production)

Inventions• Make more money if you can speed up

spinning and weaving– John Kay-made shuttle sped back and forth

on wheels– James Hargreaves-Spinning Jenny worked

eight threads at a time–Richard Arkwright-water frame, used steam

to power machines

Inventions

• Eli Whitney (US)– Cotton gin-speeds up the amount of cotton that

can be cleaned (1810)• Samuel Crompton– combines jenny and water frame = spinning mule

(stronger & finer thread)• Edmund Cartwright– power loom speeds up weaving (1787)

Transportation

• Steam Engine– James Watt from Scotland makes a efficient steam

engine. He joins with Matthew Boulton to build better steam engines.

– Steam engines can power boats!• Means faster transportation of people and goods!

Transportation

• John McAdam– Scottish, works to make roads that are covered

with a smooth layer of crushed rock (HELLO-MODERNIZATION!)• No sinking in the mud!• New roads called turnpikes

– Have to pay tolls ($$) at a turnpike to travel on that road.

Railways

• Steam-Driven Locomotives– 1804, Richard Trevithick wins money because of

his steam-driven train (wins bet)• Steam engines need coal to heat up H2O for energy to

move the train

Railways

• Liverpool-Manchester Railroad– Finished in 1829– Tran, the Rocket, hauled 13 ton load at 24mph

(pretty fast for back then!)– Officially opened in 1830 to the public• It’s a hit!

Railways-What do they do?

• Provides cheap transportation• Creates new jobs • Boosts agricultural and fishing industries– Then can transport goods faster so they’re

fresher!• Commuting to work!– Can live farther from your workplace…