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Please do not use page 122 today. We will save
that page for later.
Start Up on Top ½ 123
Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador
Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Puerto Rico Uruguay Venezuela
LIST ALL LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES YOU KNOW.
Type 1: Five educated guesses
LATIN AMERICAN WARS OF INDEPENDENCE
All notes will go on pages 124 and 125
Focus Questions
What caused discontent in Latin America? How did Haitians, Mexicans, and people
in Central and South America win independence?
What were the effects of the revolutions in Latin America.
Revolutionary “fever” spread from the U.S. and France to Latin America
Discontent was rooted in social, racial, and political systems that emerged during 300 years of Spanish rule.
Creoles resented their second-class status
Mestizos & mulattoes were angry at being denied the status, wealth, and power available to whites
Millions of Native Americans massacred & now suffered economic misery under Spanish rule
Enslaved Africans wanted freedom
Struggles for Independence
HAITI MEXICO CENTRAL AMERICA
In 1791, Toussaint L’Ouverture led slaves in revolt. By 1798, enslaved Haitians had been freed.
In 1804, Haitian leaders declared independence.
In 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo and José Morales led popular revolts. Mexico gains independence from Spain in 1821.
Spanish-ruled lands declared their independence in the early 1820s. Local leaders set up the United Provinces of Central America, which eventually fell apart to form separate nations (Honduras, Costa Rica, etc.).
Independence in South America
Simon Bolívar, called “The Liberator”, led an uprising that established a republic in Venezuela. He then captured Bogotá, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
In 1816, José de San Martín helped Argentina win freedom from Spain. He then joined forces with Bolívar.
Independent Nations of Latin America around 1844
Independence Movements in Latin America
Long-Term Causes Immediate Causes
European domination of Latin AmericaSpread of Enlightenment ideasAmerican and French revolutionsGrowth of nationalism in Latin America
People of Latin America resent colonial rule and social injusticesRevolutionary leaders emergeNapoleon invades Spain and ousts Spanish king
Immediate Effects Long-Term Effects
Toussaint L‘Ouverture leads slave revolt in HaitiBolívar, San Martín, and others lead successful revolts in Latin AmericaColonial rule ends in much of Latin America
Attempts made to rebuild economies18 separate republics set upContinuing efforts to achieve stable democratic governments and to gain economic independence
Reflection Bottom ½ 123
Describe how one of the causes listed in your notes lead to one of the effects also found in your notes. Imagine you must explain this to your 4th grade cousin. So be clear and use language he/she would understand.
Type 2