1

Tbilisis

vano

sarajiSvilis

saxelobis

saxelmwifo

konservatoriis

tradiciuli

mravalxmianobis

kvlevis

saerTaSoriso

centris

biuleteni

Tbilisi. ivnisi, 2014

#16

axali ambebi saqarTvelos eTnomusikaluri cxovreba ucxoeli eTnomusikologebi simha aromi qarTveli eTnomusikologebi Salva mSveliZe kukuri WoxoneliZis gaxseneba ucxouri mravalxmianoba tralalero _ genuis polifonia erTi qarTuli folkloruli ansambli `saxioba~ qarTuli simReris moamageebi kavsaZeebi ucxouri folkloruli ansambli Cu-inis kulturisa da xelovnebis dasi qarTuli kulturisa da mecnierebis kerebi abreSumis saxelmwifo muzeumi qarTuli simReris ucxoeli Semsruleblebi trio `kavkasia~ amerikidan `anCisxatis taZris gundi~ poloneTSi qarTuli xalxuri sakravebi sanTuri

erTi Janris Sesaxeb nadurebi erTi simReris istoria `CoCxaTura~

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axali ambebi

saqarTvelos eTnomusikaluri

cxovreba (ianvari-ivnisi, 2014)

festivalebi da konferenciebi 26.04.2014 _ K Tbilisis saxelmwifo ko-nservatoriaSiAGAgaimarTa mexuTe sae-rTaSoriso samusikismcodneo studen-turi konferencia-konkursi, romelic ansambl `didgoris~ solo koncertiT daixura. 1-2.05.2014 _ ilias saxelmwifo univer-sitetSi gaimarTa magistrantTa da doqtorantTa V saerTaSoriso samec-niero konferencia (saxelovnebo mec-niereba, praqtika, menejmenti).

28-29.05.2014 _ baTumis xelovnebis saswavlo saxelmwifo universitetSi gaimarTa saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia Temaze `kultura da xe-lovneba: tradicia da Tanamedroveo-ba~. 29.05.2014 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo kon-servatoriis qarTuli xalxuri musi-kaluri Semoqmedebis mimarTulebam da folklorisa da tradiciuli xelo-vnebis organizaciaTa saerTaSoriso sabWos (CIOFF) saqarTvelos erovnul-ma komitetma gamarTa axalgazrda eT-nomusikologTa konferencia da fol-kloruli saRamo-koncerti, romelSic monawileoba miiRes ansamblebma: `sa-Tanaom~, `axaluxlebma~, `adileim~ da konservatoriis studentTa gundma.

kompaqt-diskebi, master-klasebi, leqciebi da sxv. 27.02.2014 _ mgalobelTa gundma `aRsa-vali~ moawyo mesame CD-s prezentacia. 13.03.2014 _ qarTuli xalxuri simReri-sa da sakravebis saxelmwifo muzeumSi gaimarTa saqvelmoqmedo leqcia 202-e usinaTlo bavSvTa skolis moswavlee-bisTvis. 15.05.2015 _ ilias saxelmwifo univer-sitetSi Catarda qarTveli eTnomusi-kologis, ilias saxelmwifo universi-

tetis asocirebuli profesoris, Ta-maz gabisonias sajaro leqcia Temaze: `qarTuli tradiciuli musikis Sem-srulebloba _ Tanamedrove rakursi~. maisi, 2014 _ qalTa mgalobel-momRe-ralTa gundma `saTanaom~ Cawera CD _ `ieso tkbilis paraklisi~. 17.05.2014 _ `xalxuri simRera Zvelad da dRes~ _ qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da sakravebis saxelmwifo muzeumSi gaimarTa leqcia-koncerti saymawvilo studia `amer-imeris~ wnor-is jgufTan. 18.05.2014 _ muzeumebis saerTaSoriso dRis aRsaniSnavad qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da sakravebis saxelmwifo muzeumSi gaimarTa manana SilakaZis xsovnis saRamo da Sexvedra-koncerti debi WoxoneliZeebis musikaluri studiis aRsazrdelebTan. 22.05.2014 _ tradiciuli mravalxmi-anobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centrma moawyo mrgvali magida Temaze `qar-Tuli musikaluri folkloris kvle-vis eTnomusikologiur-anTropologi-uri aspeqtebi~, romelSic qarTvel mecnierebTan erTad monawileoba mii-Ro espanelma eTnomusikologma polo valehom. 22.05.2014 _ rusTavis istoriul muzeu-mSi moewyo qarTuli xalxuri simRe-risa da sakravebis muzeumis gamofenis _ `eTnografia da qarTuli sakravebi~ _ gaxsna. 28-30.05.2014 _ qalTa folklorulma ansamblma `naninam~ ganaxorciela pro-eqti `SemoqmedebiTi dReebi aWaraSi~, romlis farglebSi Caatara solo koncerti baTumis xelovnebis saswav-lo universitetSi, masterklasi aWa-ris zogadsaganmanaTleblo da saja-ro skolebis musikis pedagogebisTvis da Sexvedra-koncerti qedis raionis qalTa folklorul ansambl `iagun-dTan~. disertaciis dacva 3.05.2014 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konse-rvatoriaSi Sedga Teona ruxaZis sadoqtoro disertaciis dacva Temaze `qarTuli saqorwilo musika _ Janrisa da stilis sakiTxebi~.

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20.06.2014 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriaSi Sedga oTar kapanaZis sadoqtoro disertaciis dacva Temaze: `qarTuli saferxulo simRerebi: musi-kaluri enis Taviseburebebi~.

eqspediciebi 23-28.05.2014 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis doqtoranturis I ku-rsis studenti giorgi kraveiSvili im-yofeboda eqspediciaSi xelvaCauris raionis sofel sarfSi da gaRma la-zeTSi, kerZod, qalaqebSi: findikli (viwe), arhavi da xofa, aseve, xofis ra-ionis soflebSi: pironiTi da qemalfaSa (eqspediciis wevrebi: Tamaz kraveiSvili da zurab vaniliSi). aprili, 2014 _ ilias saxelmwifo universitetis musikis centris eTno-musikologiurma mimarTulebam moawyo eqspedicia goris raionis sofel jariaSenSi (eqspediciis wevrebi: Tamaz gabisonia, malxaz razmaZe, lika qadagiSvili da zurab wkrialaSvili) 23.06-3.07 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo kon-servatoriis qarTuli xalxuri musi-kaluri Semoqmedebis mimarTulebam moawyo eqspedicia dedofliswyaros raionSi (eqspediciis wevrebi: natalia zumbaZe, qeTevan maTiaSvili, giorgi kraveiSvili). axali gamocemebi gamomcemloba `cicinaTelam~ gamosca wigni `qarTuli musika~ seriidan `sa-kiTxavni ymawvilTaTvis~ (t.27). (Semd-genel-redaqtori: nino kalandaZe-maxa-raZe). qarTuli xalxuri simReris saerTaSo-riso centrma da Tbilisis saxelmwi-fo konservatoriam gamosca wigni `qarTuli saeklesio galoba. Se-moqmedis skola~ (Semdgeneli: daviT SuRliaSvili)(meore gamocema). gamomcemlobam `wigni+eri~ gamosca av-torTa jgufis mier Sedgenili VI wig-ni seriidan `Cveni Rirsebani~, rome-lic eZRvneba qarTul tradiciul xe-lovnebas. wigns axlavs audio da video danarTi CD-s saxiT.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriam gamosca manana andriaZis xsovnisadmi miZRvnili wigni `gaxseneba~ (redaq-tor-Semdgeneli: marina qavTaraZe). koncertebi da saRamoebi 24.01.2014 _ ilias saxelmwifo univer-sitetis musikis centrSi ansamblma `Zirianma~ gamarTa Sexvedra-koncerti. 30.01.2014 _ iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis saaqto darbazSi gaimarTa sofel xa-iSis mxardasaWeri saqvelmoqmedo kon-certi `lalxor _ xmebi mTebisTvis~, romelSic monawileoba miiRes ansam-blebma: `anCisxati~, `laguSeda~, `aR-savali~, `nanina~, `Ziriani~, `saTanao~, `saxioba~, `jvaruli~, `ialoni~, `kvi-ria~. 30.01.2014 _ ilias saxelmwifo univer-sitetis xalxuei simReris studenturma ansamblma gamarTa solo koncerti universitetis saaqto darbazSi. 2.02.2014 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo kon-servatoriaSi gaimarTa wminda eqvTime aRmsareblisadmi miZRvnili simRera-galobis koncerti, romelSic monawi-leoba miiRes ansamblebma: `ialoni~, `didgori~, `aRsavali~, `patara kaxi~; goris kulturisa da sulieri ganaT-lebis centris vaJTa gundma, kaspis wm. vaxtang gorgaslis saxelobis sa-kaTedro taZris vaJTa gundma. 3.02.2014 _ rusTavelis Teatris did darbazSi ansamblma `mTiebma~ gamarTa folkloruli saRamo `zari~. 1.03.2014 _ Tbilisis did sakoncerto darbazSi gaimarTa ansambl `qarTuli xmebis~ solo koncerti da axali CD–s prezentacia. 9.03.2014 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis mcire darbazSi gaima-rTa momReral-mgalobel qalTa gun-dis `saTanaos~ solo koncerti. 18.05.2014 _ muzeumebis saerTaSoriso dRisadmi miZRvnili kvireulis far-lebSi moewyo `saqarTvelos xalxuri da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis muzeumis

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ganaxlebuli eqspoziciis gaxsnisadmi miZRvnili musikaluri saRamo~. 1.06.2014 _ bavSTa saerTaSoriso dac-vis dResTan dakavSirebiT qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da sakravebis sa-xelmwifo muzeumSi gaimarTa bavSvTa folkloruli ansamblebis _ `kiria-lesas~ da `akrianis~ koncerti. 5.06.2014 _ Tbilisis yovladwminda samebis sakaTedro taZris sapatriarqo gundma gamarTa solo koncerti Tbi-lisis jansuR kaxiZis saxelobis musi-

kalur-kulturul centrSi. gastrolebi 14.01.2014 _ Tbilisis yovladwminda samebis sakaTedro taZris sapatriarqo gundma q. moskovis `musikis saerTaSo-riso saxlis~ sakoncerto darbazSi gamarTa solo koncerti, romelzec Sesrulda qarTuli xalxuri simRere-bi, saeklesio sagaloblebi da Tana-medrove qarTvel kompozitorTa sagu-ndo nawarmoebebi. 27.04-11.05.2014 _ ansambli `saxioba~ imyofeboda poloneTSi, sadac gamarTa

10-mde koncerti, masterklasi da leq-

cia-seminari sxvadasxva qalaqSi: var-

Sava, uprasli, biliastoki, vroslavi,

valbJixi da katovica.

maisi, 2014 _ mgalobel gogonaTa gun-

dma `ialonma~ poloneTSi, `hainovkis

marTlmadidebluri musikis festiva-

lis~ farglebSi monawileoba miiRo

xalxuri simRerisa da sagaloblebis

koncertebSi Semdeg qalaqebSi: haino-

vka, biliastoki, mixailovo da daimsa-

xura sakonkurso kategoriebze maRla

mdgomi `gamorCeulis~ diplomi.

23.04-2.05.2014 _ `anCisxatis taZris gun-

di~ sagastrolod imyofeboda polo-

neTis qalaqebSi: bialsko-biala, kra-

kovi da Cestoxova.

21-30.05.2014 _ ansambli `qarTuli xme-

bi~ sagastrolod imyofeboda balti-

ispireTis qveynebSi _ estoneTSi, lit-

vasa da latviaSi.

xalxuri simRerisa da cekvis saxelm-wifo akademiurma ansamblma `rusTav-

ma~ gastrolebiT imogzaura msofli-os araerT qveyanaSi: 1-4.05.2014 _ germania, q. visbadeni _ `ma-isis saerTaSoriso festivali~; 6.05.2014 _ germania, q. ingolStadti _ ingolStadtis sakoncerto kompania `em-bi-eiC~-Tan (mbH) erToblivi konc-erti. 30.05-4.06.2014 _ irlandiis respublika, q. dublini _ `gemebis saerTaSoriso festivali~. saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centris proeqtebi ix: www.folk.ge.

moamzada maka xarZianma

ucxoeli eTnomusikologebi

simha aromi

simha aromi

Cveni rubrikis stumaria simha

aromi _ cnobili frangi eTnomusiko-logi, sorbonis universitetis doqto-ri, samecniero kvlevis erovnuli cen-tris (CNRS) sapatio doqtori, amave centris laboratoriis _ zepiri tra-dicia _ enebi da civilizaciebi (LACITO) _ eTnomusikologiis ganyo-filebis gamge, saqarTvelos didi

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megobari, qarTuli tradiciuli musi-kis Tayvanismcemeli da mkvlevari.

is im ramdenime mecniers Soris-aa, romelTac ar gamoutovebiaT Tbi-lisSi 2002 wlidan gamarTuli arc erTi simpoziumi da TavianTi monawi-leobiT mis maRal mecnierul dones gansazRvravdnen.

2006 wlidan simha aromi Tavis mowafesTan, aseve cnobil espanel eT-nomusikologTan polo valehosTan erTad qarTuli polifoniiT dainte-resda. nayofieri aRmoCnda maTi Tana-mSromloba ansambl `basianTan~, ro-melTan erTad isini xvdebian xalxur momRerlebs, ikvleven qarTuli musi-kis sintaqss da kvlevis Sedegebs Tbilisis simpoziumebze warmoadgenen.

gansakuTrebuli madliereba gv-avsebs im damokidebulebis gamo, rome-lsac batoni simha polosTan erTad amJRavnebs qarTuli tradiciuli musi-kaluri kulturis mimarT da im sagan-manaTleblo moRvaweobis gamoc, ansam-bl `basianTan~ erTad leqcia-koncer-tebiT rom eweva evropaSi. swored mi-si TaosnobiT gaimarTa 2012 wels VI simpoziumis farglebSi mrgvali magi-da Sua saukuneebis musikis qarTul-evropul paralelebze da misma avto-ritetma Camoiyvana TbilisSi am musi-kis aRiarebuli mkvlevari, kembrijis universitetis profesori suzan ran-kini. . .

simha aromi eTnomusikologTa wreSi cnobilia, rogorc centraluri afrikis mravalxmianobis mkvlevari, romelmac afrikul musikas miuZRvna erT-erTi useriozulesi eTnomusiko-logiuri Sroma afrikuli polifonia da poliritmia _ musikaluri struq-tura da meTodologia. batonma simham aTwleulebis manZilze moRvaweobis Sedegad SeimuSava folkloruli ma-salis interaqtiuli Caweris meTode-bi, romlebic zepiri tradiciis nebi-smieri mravalxmiani musikis transkri-fciisa da analizis saSualebas iZ-leva.

simha aromi daibada 1930 wels. umaRlesi musikaluri ganaTleba pari-zis konservatoriaSi, sayviris specia-lobiT miiRo. wlebis manZilze ukrav-da ierusalimSi, israelis simfoniur

orkestrSi, Tumca, saerTaSoriso aRi-areba moipova, rogorc eTnomusikolo-gma, mas Semdeg, rac israelis sagareo saqmeTa saministrom kulturuli gacv-liTi programis farglebSi centra-luri afrikis respublikaSi miavlina intensiuri savele eqspediciebis Casa-tareblad.

mogvianebiT, man gaiara eTnomu-sikologiis kursi sorbonis universi-tetSi da filosofiis doqtoris xar-isxi moipova.

simha aromze SeiZleba daiweros saintereso novela, Tu rogor iqca israelis orkestris musikosi centra-luri afrikis pigmeebis musikis msof-lio eqspertad.

simha aromi afrikaSi

simha aromi avtoria mravali sa-

mecniero statiis, Canaweris (kompaqt diskis), wignisa da filmisa, romle-bic sxvadasxva dros prestiJuli ji-ldoebiT aRiniSna.

2011 wels simha aroms msoflio eTnomusikologiaSi Setanili wvli-lisTvis fumio koicumis premia mie-niWa.

Cven vamayobT, rom batoni simha tradiciuli mravalxmianobis saerTa-Soriso centris megobaria da Zalian gvinda, rom Cveni urTierToba mudam iseTive gulwrfeli da piruTvneli darCes, rogorc es aqamde iyo.

jildoebi: 1971 : Grand Prix International du Disque,

Académie Charles Cros

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1978 : Grand Prix International du Disque,

Académie Charles Cros, Mention In Honorem,

"Prix du Président de la République"

1984 : Médaille d'Argent du C.N.R.S.

1985 : Grand Prix International du Disque,

Académie Charles Cros, "Prix André Schaeffner"

1988 : Grand Prix du Disque, Nouvelle Académie

du Disque, ‘Palmarès des palmarès’

1992 : ASCAP (American Society of Composers,

Authors & Publishers), Deems Taylor Award for

Excellence in Music literature, New York

1998 : Prix Moebius International

Grand Prix Investigation et publication

scientifique, 3ème Festival du Film de Chercheur,

Nancy

7e Prix Möbius France, Multimédia, Sciences,

Cultures, Éducation

Honorary life member, European Seminar in

Ethnomusicology

1999 : Prix Spécial “Cédéroms”, 4ème Festival du

Film de Chercheur, Nancy

2007 : Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres

2008 : 20th Annual Koizumi Fumio Prize for

Ethnomusicology (Tokyo)

Prix International de la Fondation Fyssen (Paris)

2012 : Honorary Member, International

Musicological Society.

simha aromis Sromebis CamonaT-

vali, agreTve diskografia da fil-mografia ix. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simha_Arom

qarTveli eTnomusikologebi

Salva mSveliZe

Salva mSveliZe XX saukunis

cnobili qarTveli kompozitoria, ro-mlis saopero, simfoniuri Tu sagun-do nawarmoebebi mkveTrad erovnuli niSniTaa aRbeWdili. amis mizezi isaa, rom momavali kompozitoris musika-luri biografia xalxis wiaRSi daiw-yo _ bavSvobidanve eziara qarTul xa-lxur musikalur Semoqmedebas, rome-lic organulad Seezarda mis bunebas da bavSvobis wlebidanve misi usazRv-ro siyvarulis sagani gaxda. ukve 8 wlisa saxalxo gundSi mReroda; wle-bis manZilze misi maswavlebeli iyo qarTuli musikis didi moamage ia kar-

gareTeli; 16 wlidan cnobili saxal-xo momRerlisa da lotbaris _ Zuku loluas eTnografiul gundSi gaag-rZela simRera; mogvianebiT ki Tvi-Ton Camoayaliba folkloruli gun-debi jer suramsa da gorSi, xolo Se-mdeg _ TbilisSi.

Salva mSveliZe

mSveliZis musikalur biografi-

aSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs mravalricxovan folklorul eqspedi-cias. jer kidev studentobisas daiwyo man mogzauroba xalxuri simRerebis Sesakrebad. am mxriv S. mSveliZem uf-rosi Taobis qarTvel kompozitorTa gza gaagrZela, romlebmac sakuTari Semoqmedebis dawyebamde xalxuri Se-moqmedeba Seiswavles.

Tavdapirvelad S. mSveliZe sva-neTs ewvia (1927), Semdeg ki _ qarTvel kompozitorTagan pirveli gaecno aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis kuT-xeebis _ TuSeTis, fSavisa da xev-sureTis uZveles folklors (1929). erTi wlis Semdeg man kaxeTSi imog-zaura da cnobili xalxuri momRer-lis _ dedas levanas daxmarebiT gae-cno da Caiwera uZvirfasesi sasimRero nimuSebi. 1930 wels mSveliZem mTli-anad moiara guria, sadac dauaxlovda cnobil momRerlebs _ Zmebs Cavle-iSvilebs. amis Semdgom kompozitoris musikalur-eTnografiuli interesis wreSi moeqca qiziyis, aWarisa da mes-xeT-javaxeTis folklori.

xalxSi mogzaurobis Svidi wlis manZilze S. mSveliZem saqarTve-

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los barisa da mTis TiTqmis yvela kuTxe moiara, dawyebuli aWaris mTebidan, vidre fSav-xevsureTamde da uamravi xalxuri masala Sekriba. momavalma kompozitorma zedmiwevniT Seiswavla yoveli kuTxis musikaluri dialeqti. im periodSi qarTuli xalxuri simRera misTvis Teoriuli kvleva-Ziebis saganic iyo. mis folk-loristul naSromebSi mocemulia xalxuri simRerebis metad saintereso analizi.

S. mSveliZis damokidebuleba tradiciuli musikis mimarT mis mTel SemoqmedebaSi Cans, Tumca, gamorCeuli am mxriv sagudo musikaa, romelSic qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis epikur-vaJkacuri xasiaTi aseve xalxuri mu-sikaluri enis kanonzomierebebiTaa gadmocemuli.

qarTulma musikalurma folk-lorma gadamwyveti roli Seasrula mSveliZiseuli sagundo faqturis Ca-moyalibebaSi. operebis musikalur ena-Si sinTezirebulia qarTl-kaxuri xa-lxuri musikisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli deklamaciuri da sasimRero sawyisebi. garda amisa, solo partiebSi kompozi-tori, z. faliaSvilis kvaldakval, ax-dens mag. fSauri da megruli, aseve, guruli da kaxuri folkloris ele-mentebis Serwymas. qarTuli musikalu-ri stilis erovnuli specifika dacu-lia mSveliZis solo simRerebSic. qa-laquri musikaluri folkloris gav-lenas, rac damaxasiaTebeli iyo misi Tanamedrove kompozitorebis Semoqme-debisaTvis, kompozitorma daupirispi-ra wminda xalxuri stilis sasimRero Janri da Seqmna klasikuri simRerebi xalxur stilSi, razec maTi saxelwo-debebic metyvelebs: `orovela~, `Tu-Sis qalebi~, `svanuri nana~, `xevsuru-li nana~ da sxva.

S. mSveliZem qarTuli profesiu-li musika pirvelma aziara mTis fol-klors. gamorCeuli adgili uWiravs, am mxriv, simfoniur poemas `zviada-uri~, 1940 wels Seqmnil mis pirvel msxvil da saukeTeso simfoniur qmni-lebas, romelic mTlianad xalxur modalobas emyareba. am partituraSi vaJa-fSavelas poeziis epikur-vaJkacu-ri sulis gadmosacemad kompozitori

originalurad gardasaxavs qarTuli mTis folkloris musikaluri enis kanonzomierebebs.

xalxuri simReris melodiuri, harmoniuli, metr-ritmuli Tu faqtu-ruli Taviseburebebi bunebrivadaa sinTezirebuli evropul musikalur formasTan, rac mSveliZis simfoniur poemas qarTuli musikis unikalur ni-muSad aqcevs.

misTvis gansakuTrebiT axlobe-li aRmoCnda arqauli fSauri simRera originaluri bgeraTrigiT, romelic Sua saukuneebis kiloebidan frigiuls uaxlovdeba. swored es bgeraTrigi JRers `zviadaurSi~ – dabali II da maRali III-VI safexurebiT _ romelic S. mSveliZem profesiul musikaSi `fSauri kilos~ saxeliT daamkvidra.

am poemaSi xalxuri simReris me-lodiuri, harmoniuli, metr-ritmuli Tu faqturuli Taviseburebebi buneb-rivadaa sinTezirebuli evropul mu-sikalur formasTan, rac kompozito-ris qmnilebas qarTuli musikis unika-lur nimuSad aqcevs.

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia S. mSveliZis xalxur masalasTan muSa-obis meTodi, romelsac bela bartoki `profesiul musikaSi glexuri musikis atmosferos gadmocemas~ uwodebs – kompozitori, rogorc wesi, ar mimar-Tavs citirebas, aramed xalxuri into-naciebis axali kombinaciebiT sakuTar musikalur masalas qmnis. fSauri simReris martivi, SezRuduli diapa-zonis melodikas igi kaxuri simReri-saTvis damaxasiaTebeli improvizaciu-li maneriT aviTarebs da profesiul musikaSi xalxurobis iluzias qmnis.

aRmosavleTis mTis intonacie-biTa da ritmebiT kompozitorma mniSv-nelovanwilad gaamdidra da gaafar-Tova qarTuli profesiuli musikis `leqsikoni~.

S. mSveliZis saeqspedicio Cana-werebis nawili daculia konservato-riis qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri Semoqmedebis laboratoriaSi, nawili ki, romelic cvilis lilvakebze iyo Cawerili, gadatanilia cifrul mata-reblebze da ganTavsebulia kompaqt-diskebis krebulSi `xmebi warsuli-dan~, romelic konservatoriis tradi-

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ciuli mravalxmianobis kvlevis saer-TaSoriso centrma gamosca.

sabednierod, es uZvelesi Cana-werebi ukve araerTi Tanamedrove qar-Tuli folkloruli ansamblis reper-tuars amdidrebs.

moamzada maka xarZianma

kukuri WoxoneliZis gaxseneba

qarTuli simRera-sagaloblis moWirnaxuleQ

2014 wlis martSi Rvawlmosili qarT-veli eTnomusikologis, aTwleulebis manZilze konservatoriis qarTuli xa-lxuri musikaluri Semoqmedebis kaTe-dris gamgis, kukuri WoxoneliZis gar-dacvalebidan 10 weliwadi Sesrulda. gvinda madlierebiT gavixsenoTY bato-ni kukuri da gTavazobT misi gazrdi-li mravalricxovani studentebidan erT-erTis _ marika ositaSvilis weri-ls, romelic man Tavisi maswavleblis iubiles miuZRvna.

kukuri WoxoneliZe

kukuri WoxoneliZe misi yoveli moswavlis cxovrebis umniSvnelovane-si nawili iyo. me ar SemiZlia mas vu-

wodo mxolod pedagoგi, mxolod mas-wavlebeli, ufrosi megobari da mrCe-veli. kukuri WoxoneliZe raRac sxva, naTeli movlena iyo TiToeuli Cvenga-nisaTvis. man sxvanairad gvagrZnobina

saqarTvelo da yvelaferi qarTuli, gaamZafra CvenSi `samSoblos grZnoba gasakvirveli” da gvaziara im saocar samyaros, romelsac qarTuli simRera-sagalobeli hqvia.

gasaocaria batoni kukuris az-rovnebis siRrme, diapazoni da araor-dinaluroba. gansakuTrebiT makvirveb-da is, Tu rogor aswrebda CemTvis as-eTi axlobeli, misawvdomi da Sinauri yvelaferze fiqrs. ar darCenila qar-Tuli xalxuri simReris istoriisa da Teoriis sakvanZo sakiTxi, romel-zec ara Tu ar efiqros, aramed Zalze originaluri, marTebuli mosazreba ar hqondes gamoTqmuli. aranakleb mak-virvebda is faqtic, rom misTvis sru-liad ucxo iyo yovelgvari ambicia, pativmoyvareoba. batoni kukuri yove-lTvis CrdilSi idga da ise akeTebda, ise xelmZRvanelobda saerTo saqmes, erovnul saqmes. man mTeli Tavisi energia, mecnieruli niWi, azrovneba Tavisi mowafeebisaken, Tavisi megob-

rebisaken mimarTa. swored ჩvenTan ur-TierTobaSi warmoCinda batoni kuku-ri, rogorc WeSmariti mecnieri. amis miuxedavad, batoni kukuri ver itanda qebas, sakuTar Tavze laparaks, araso-des gvaZlevda nebas, xmamaRla gamog-veTqva Cveni uzomo madliereba mis mimarT. aseTi Tvisebebis matarebeli SeiZleba iyos mxolod Zalian keTil-Sobili da didbunebovani adamiani. qarTveli kacis bunebis es Strixi SesaniSnavad ikiTxeba TviT qarTul xalxur simRera-sagalobelSi, sadac dominirebs `Cven~ da ara `me~. samxmian simReras qmnis sami xma, sami adamiani, xolo TiToeuli maTganis individu-aluri monacemebi, improvizaciuli niWi vlindeba saerTo saqmis qmnado-baSi, erTi mxatvruli saxis SeqmnaSi. igives vxvdebiT sagalobelSi. es sao-cari fenomeni, mkafiod amotvifruli qarTul genetikur kodSi, batonma kukurim cxovrebis wesad gaixada. misTvis yovelTvis mTavari iyo `Cven~ da ara `me~. amitomac yvela misi sain-tereso idea Tu mosazreba misi mos-wavleebis sxvadasxva naSromSi gansxe-ulda.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo konserva-toriis qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri

9

Semoqmedebis kaTedras batoni kukuri 1976 wels Caudga saTaveSi. am droidan moyolebuli, musikaluri folkloris ganyofilebis arcerTi Rirseuli, mo-

azrovne, saintereso studentი ar da-rCenila misi yuradRebis miRma, yvela daakvaliana, mravali maTgani datova kaTedraze. . . ase TandaTanobiT, Cvens Tvalwin, batonma kukurim saSviliSvi-lo saqme ganaxorciela – Seqmna qar-Tuli musikalur-folkloruli sko-la.

batoni kukurisTvis, rogorc We-Smariti qarTveli kacisaTvis, ojaxis kulti upirvelesi iyo. is Tavdadebu-li meuRle, mama da babua gaxldaT.

imedia, kukuri WoxoneliZis mi-er daTesili sikeTe mis mecnierul na-RvawTan erTad, kidev mraval axal-gazrdas daexmareba, iyos kargi qarT-veli da ufro naTlad warmoaCinos umSvenieresi qarTuli xalxuri sim-Rera-sagaloblis sidiade.

marika ositaSvili

xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori gazeTi `literaturuli saqarTvelo~, 2004 w. #16

ucxouri mravalxmianoba

tralalero _ genuis polifonia

tralalero xalxuri polifo-niis saxeobaa, romelic CrdiloeT it-aliaSi, kerZod, liguriis regionSia gavrcelebuli. is, tradiciulad, mama-kacTa mier sruldeba, Tumca, Tana-medrove epoqaSi qalTa SesrulebiTac gvxvdeba. saxelwodeba momdinareobs masSi gamoyenebuli araleqsikuri vo-kalizaciidan: tra-la-la. 1950-ian wlebSi tralalero Ti-Tqmis `gadaSenda~, Tumca, amerikelma eTnomusikologebma alan lomaqsma da diego karpitelam moaxerxes misi Ca-wera. mogvianebiT lomaqsma es Cana-werebi Tavisi xangrZlivi da mraval-safexuriani karieris manZilze erT-erT gamorCeul naSromad aRiara. me-

20 saukunis SuawlebSi am tradiciis gacocxlebaze muSaobda edvard ne-ilic.

20-iani wlebis `tralaleros~ jgufi tralaleros jgufi aerTianebs tenors, baritons da bans, romelTac akompanements ukeTebs kontralto da gitaris (chitarra) JReradobis imitato-ri momRerali. tradiciul Semadgen-lobaSi 9 momReralia: TiTo `gitara~, tenori, baritoni, kontralto da 5 bani.

jgufuri harmoniuli mRera li-guriaSi istoriulad asocirdeba mT-is soflebTan, sadac ori xma (Zi-riTadad _ tenori da baritoni) mRe-roda banis fonze. tradiciuli simRe-rebis repertuari droTa ganmavloba-Si viTardeboda da saporto qalaqis _ genius gembanebamdec miaRwia. swo-red aq, saporto gembanebze Camoyalib-da tralaleros stili. mas gemis mtvirTavebi mRerodnen, romlebic liguriis mTebidan samuSaos saZeb-nelad Camovidnen genuaSi da Tan Ta-visi simRerebi Camoitanes. mogvianebiT, tenorisa da baritonis partias gita-ris imitacia daemata, rogorc Tan-xleba, mamakacis kontralto ki, sava-raudod, nasesxebia qalaqis saeklesio gundidan, romelSic maRal xmas kas-tratebi asrulebdnen.

amJamad italielebs xalxuri musikis xsenebisTanave genuis trala-lero agondebaT. saocaria, rom ada-mianebis umravlesobas am dros mxo-lod erTi jgufis mier Sesrulebuli erTi simRera axsendeba, romelic die-

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go karpitelam da alan lomaqsma Cawe-res 1954 wels. rogorc Cans, smeniTi STabeWdileba imdenad uCveuloa, rom visac erTxel mainc mousmenia es simR- era, arasodes aviwydeba.

genuis `tralalero~

tralaleros tradicia unika-

luria imiT, rom tenoris, baritonisa da banis Cveulebrivi Semadgenloba gaZlierebulia mamakacis kontral-tosa da gitaris imitatoris parti-ebiT. uCveuloa repertuaris moculo-bac, romelic mxolod 60-mde simReras aerTianebs da gavrcelebis arealic, romelic italiis yvelaze patara regionis _ liguriis sakmaod patara qalaq genuas moicavs.

tralaleros momRerlebi cent-raluri tonis irgvliv erTgvar kla-sters qmnian, rac Seesabameba maT mier simReris dros dgomis pozicias (dga-nan wriulad an sxedan sufris garSe-mo).

tralaleros repertuaridan `namdvili~ melodia sul samocamdea. maTi umravlesoba anonimuria, xangrZ-livoba _ daaxloebiT 3wuTi. danarCe-ni simRerebi ki musikosebis _ konser-vatoriis eqs-studentis, brusketinis, orRanist doderosa da pianist santonis mieraa Seqmnili.

tralaleros simRerebi Sinaar-siT smis tradicias ukavSirdeba, an bednier istoriebs mogviTxrobs. sof-luri yofa da zRvis Tematika TiTq-mis gamqralia.

tralaleros momReralTa jgu-fis sasimRero praqtikam umaRles sa-fexurs miaRwia meoce saukunis dasa-

wyisSi, roca genuis zRvispira bare-bSi daaxloebiT asamde aseTi jgufi mReroda. maT SemadgenlobaSi sruli-ad sxvadasxva profesiis adamianebi iy-vnen, maT Soris _ mcxobelebi da mama-kaci eqTnebic ki. 1950-iani wlebisTvis, tralalerom mniSvnelovnad dakarga aqtualoba, rTuli aRmoCnda misi Ses-ruleba da SenarCuneba. amisTvis sa-Wiro iyo erTdroulad Zveli stan-dartebis SenarCunebac da axali mom-Rerlebis aRzrdac. tralaleros re-pertuarisa da stilisturi modelis renesansi mxolod me-20 saukunis gvian 60-ian wlebSi moxda.

sabednierod, amJamad italiaSi tralaleros Semsrulebeli jgufebi mravladaa, rac mTel msoflioSi xa-lxuri musikaluri tradiciebis Se-narCunebis tendenciis aqtualobis da-sturia.

moamzada maka xarZianma

erTi qarTuli folkloruli

ansambli

`saxioba~

ansambli `saxioba~ msmenelis winaSe pirvelad 2006 wlis 10 iv-liss warsdga. misi xelmZRvanelia eTnomusikologi, `anCisxatis taZris mgalobelTa gundis~ damaarsebeli, Tbilisis saxelmwifo koservatori-is pedagogi, Tbilisis mama daviT ga-rejelis taZris regenti malxaz erq-vaniZe.

`saxiobas~ bolo solo koncerti

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ansamblis Seqmnis idea Tbili-sis sasuliero seminaria-akademiis studentebs Soris warmoiSva. maT Ca-moayalibes seminaria-akademiis gun-di, romelmac sul erTi weli iarse-ba da sapatriarqosa da seminaria-ak-ademiis farglebs ver gascda, Tumca maSindeli reqtoris, mitropolit Teodore WuaZis daxmarebam student-ebSi enTuziazmi gaaRviva. aRsaniS-navia, agreTve, qalbaton lia sala-yaias Rvawli, romelTanac axlande-li `saxiobas~ wevrebis umetesi nawi-li saeklesio galobas daeufla.

male studentebs SeuerTda mgalo-belTa gundebi kldisubnis wminda gi-orgis taZridan da lurji monastri-dan, aseve _ studentebi Tbilisis sam-xatvro akademiidan da ramdenime mowa-dinebuli axalgazrda. iyo periodi, roca gundi 40 kacs _ sam Semoqmede-biT jgufs aerTianebda: sasuliero seminaria-akademiis (xel-li rezo Sa-niZe), kldisubnis wm. giorgis taZrisa (xel-li giorgi gvimraZe) da samxat-vro akademiis gundebs (xel-li rezo SaSviaSvili). aseTi SemadgenlobiT igi 2004 wels eTnografiul muzeumSi axladgaxsnil art-genis festivalze warsdga msmenelis winaSe. Tumca, verc am gaerTianebam iarseba didxans, ris Semdegac 20 kacian gunds malxaz eqva-niZe oficialurad Caudga saTaveSi, xolo TanaxelmZRvanelad SeirCa re-zo SaniZe, romelic teqnikuri sakiT-xebis mogvarebaSi exmareboda xelmZ-Rvanels.

amJamad ansamblSi 14 wevria da mas `saxioba~ hqvia. `saxioba~ ZvelqarTu-li sityvaa da pirdapiri gagebiT mu-sikas niSnavs. sulxan-saba orbelian-is ganmartebiT: `saxioba – ese ars mu-sika mwyobri ZalTa da sakravTani, da Ãmoaneba tkbili galobaTa Tu sofli-erTa simReraTa. ese ars Ãma tkbilo-baÁ. saxioba – Ãma tkbilsa hqvian sam-Rerelsa~ (`sityvis kona~). 2006 wlis 17 ianvars, ansamblis erT-erT repeti-ciaze, swored `saxioba~ daerqva ax-lad Camoyalibebul folklorul an-sambls, radgan misi wevrebis azriT, es ZvelqarTuli sityva kargad gamoxa-tavda maT SemoqmedebiT pricipebsa da mizans.

`saxioba~ anCisxatelTa gamocdi-lebasa da SemoqmedebiT principebs eyrdnoba da cdilobs, Rrmad SeaR-wios tradiciuli simRera-galobis wiaRSi da Tavisi sityva Tqvas xalxuri simRera-sagaloblebis ga-cocxlebasa da Zveli qarTuli bge-raTwyobis aRdgenis saqmeSi. misi mi-zania: Suasaukuneebis qarTuli ga-lobis aRdgena da popularizacia, qarTuli xalxuri musikis avTenti-kuri Semsruleblobis propaganda, qarTuli sagaloblebis xelnawe-rebis redaqtireba da sanoto krebu-lebis gamocema audio diskebis Tanx-lebiT, dRevandel saqarTveloSi mc-xovreb didostat momReral-lot-barTa SemoqmedebiTi gamocdilebis gaziareba da farTo msmenelisaTvis maTi gacnoba, eqspediciebis Catareba sxvadasxva kuTxis folkloris aRd-gena-gacocxlebis mizniT da sxv.

`saxiobas~ bolo solo koncerti

Aansamblis amJamindeli wevrebi arian: malxaz erqvaniZe (xelmZRvane-li, eTnomusikologi), soso kopale-iSvili (Teologi, saeklesio musika-Tmcodneobis bakalavri), daviT ab-ramiSvili (saeklesio musikismcodne-obis bakalavri), Tornike kandelaki (saeklesio musikismcodneobis baka-lavri), beqa kovziaSvili (saeklesio musikismcodneobis bakalavri), daviT jamriSvili (mxatvar-restavratori), giorgi gvimraZe (politikur mecnie-rebaTa magistri, RvTismetyvelebis magistri), daviT SukakiZe (ekonomi-sti), daviT baTiraSvili (Teologi), vladimer Sonia (RvTismetyvelebis magistri), giorgi ZaganiSvili (eko-nomisti), vaxtang cecxlaZe (saek-

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lesio musikismcodneobis bakalav-ri), beqa kemularia (kulturis mene-jeri), Tornike sxiereli (saeklesio musikismcodneobis bakalavri).

`saxiobas~ wevrebi Tavisi saqmis siyvaruliT da misadmi TavdadebiT gamoirCevian da uangarod emsaxurebi-an qarTul saqmes. maT gulmodgine-baze metyvelebs is faqtic, rom `saxi-obas~ repertuarSi daaxloebiT 120 si-mRera da `qarTuli tradiciuli ga-lobis~ krebulebSi Setanili sagalo-blebis didi nawili Sedis. 8 wlis ga-nmavlobaSi gamoica galobis ori da simReris xuTi CD albomi, maT Soris _ 2 studiuri da 3 sakoncerto Canawe-ri. yovelwliurad, rogorc wesi, an-sambli saangariSo koncerts marTavs da msmenels yovel jerze ganaxle-buli repertuars sTavazobs. mas xSi-rad iwveven koncertebisa da maste-rklasebis Casatareblad, rogorc ev-ropis, ise aSS-s sxvadasxva qalaqebis universitetebsa Tu sakoncerto dar-bazebSi; monawileobs saerTaSoriso festivalebSi, simpoziumebSi, saiubil-eo saRamoebSi, saqvelmoqmedo Ronis-ZiebebSi, awyobs seminarebs, simRera-galobis SemecnebiT koncertebs.…

ansamblis repertuaris ZiriTadi wyaroa uZvelesi saarqivo Canawerebi konservatoriis, folkloris centris, radio-televiziis oqros fondidan, sagaloblebi xelnawerTa erovnuli centridan; aseve, malxaz erqvaniZisa da ansamblis sxva wevrTa saeqspedi-cio Canawerebi.

ansambli 2014 wlis bolos gam-arTavs tradiciuli saangariSo kon-certs sruliad axali repertuariT, romelzec igi ukve muSaobs. amave pe-riodSi `saxioba~ sxva proeqtebTan erTad, cnobili imereli momRerli-sa da lotbaris, benia miqaZis 100 wlisadmi miZRvnili saiubileo saRa-mosac gegmavs.

tmksc-is saxeliT ansambl `saxi-obas~ vusurvebT momaval warmateb-ebs!

qarTuli simReris moamageebi

kavsaZeebi

kavsaZeebis gvarma qarTul ku-lturas bevri saxelganTqmuli figu-ra aRuzarda. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am-deni saxelovani musikosi _ Tanac uw-yveti tradiciiT, arcerT sagvareu-los ar hyolia.

grigol kavsaZe _ qarTlSi, kaspis raionis sofel xovleSi mo-Rvawe mRvdeli, kargi mgalobeli da momRerali yofila. grigolis 7 Svi-lidan ojaxis musikaluri tradiciebi jer Zmebma _ sandrom da longinozma gaagrZeles, Semdeg ki maTma STamoma-vlebma _ androm, mixeilma, giguSam, daviTma (daTaSkam) da nikoloz-ma.AkavsaZeebis gvaris warmomadgeneli gaxldaT cnobili diriJori, saqar-Tvelos saxalxo artisti anzor gi-guSas Ze kavsaZec (dab. 1930); vokali-stis (tenori) profesia airCia imer daviTis Ze kavsaZem (dab. 1937); gansaku-Trebuli musikaluri niWiT gamoirCe-va cnobili msaxiobi kaxi daviTis Ze kavsaZec (dab. 1935).

aleqsandre (sandro) kavsaZe (1874-1939) _ qarTuli sagundo xelov-nebis istoriaSi erT-erTi umniSvne-lovanesi figuraa. kerZod, misi dam-saxurebaa qarTl-kaxuri simReris sau-keTeso nimuSebis Sekreba, aRdgena, scenaze damkvidreba da populariza-cia.

sandro kavsaZe

sxvadasxva dros sandro kavsa-Zem TbilisSi, gorSi, foTSi, tyibul-Si, WiaTuraSi, saCxereSi, zestafonsa

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da quTaisSi sakuTari gundebi Camoaya-liba.

1907-1911 w.w. Canawerebma Semogvi-naxa sandro kavsaZis didi diapazonis, iSviaTi silamazis, qarTluri kolo-ritis mqone xma da misi gundis mier Sesrulebuli ramdenime simRera da sagalobeli.

mixeil kavsaZe (1880-1951), longi-noz kavsaZis ufrosi vaJiSvili, simRe-ra-galobas bavSvobidanve eziara. go-ris sauliero saswavleblis Semdeg igi swavlobda Tbilisis qarTul gim-naziaSi, sadac misi pedagogebi zaqa-ria CxikvaZe da ia kargareTeli yofi-lan. dasavlurqarTuli simRerebi mi-xeils filimon qoriZisagan Seuswav-lia.

mixeil kavsaZe

ilia WavWavaZis daxmarebiT man TbilisSi qarTuli Teatris saamxana-go gundi Camoayaliba, imavdroulad, biZamisis _ sandro kavsaZis gundSi mReroda.

20 wlis mixeil kavsaZem sakuTa-ri, 15 kaciani gundi Seqmna, romelic saqarTvelos regionebSi mogzaurob-da, leqcia-koncertebs atarebda da didi popularobiT sargeblobda.

mixeil kavsaZis gundSi mRerod-nen ivane javaxiSvili da misi Zma da-viTi. sainteresoa, rom ivane javaxi-Svilis TxovniT, zaqaria faliaSvils fonografze Cauweria kavsaZeebis sim-Rerebi.

1910 w. mixeil kavsaZe erTdrou-lad sam gunds uZRveboda: muSaTa, gl-exTa da mosamsaxureTa. isini aRmosav-leT da dasavleT saqarTvelos qala-qebis, dabebisa da soflebis xSiri stumrebi iyvnen. 1914 wlis saarqivo

Canawerebma Semogvinaxa am gundebis mier Sesrulebuli ramdenime nimuSi.

mniSvnelovania, rom mixeil kav-saZe Tavisi gvariT da agreTve, xovle-lisa da sxva fsevdonimebiT aqveyne-bda werilebs qarTul periodikaSi tradiciuli xalxuri simRerisa da saeklesio galobis ama Tu im saki-Txze.

araCveulebrivad cekvavda mixei-lis Zma andro kavsaZe, romelic sax-elmwifo ansamblebis mocekvaveTa jg-ufis wevric yofila. meore Zma _ ni-koloz (kola) kavsaZe gundSi xSirad damwyebis partias asrulebda da qar-Tlsa da kaxeTSi gundebsac xelm-ZRvanelobda. igi didi xnis manZilze borjomis kulturis saxlis direq-toric yofila. sxvadasxva dros niko-loz kavsaZe borjomis, qarelisa da Tbilisis momReralTa gundebis lo-tbaric iyo.

sandro kavsaZis gundSi erTxans mReroda vladimer (lado) longino-zis Ze kavsaZec (1886-1953) _ SemdgomSi respublikis saxalxo artisti, operis momRerali (lirikuli tenori).

daviT (daTaSka) kavsaZe (1907-1952) _ ukve 14 wlis asakidan edga sa-TaveSi skolis gunds. igi 1929 wlidan Tbilisis meore samusiko saswavlebl-is, sam weliwadSi ki _ konservatori-is sakompozicio fakultetis stude-nti gaxda. rogorc Cans, sagundo saq-mis siyvarulma Tavisi gaitana da da-viTi sadiriJoro fakultetze gadavi-da.

daviT kavsaZe

amave wlebSi igi Tavadac xelm-ZRvanelobda gundebs da mamis gundeb-

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Sic mReroda. 1937-39 ww. mamis ava-dmyofobis gamo, daviTs mouwia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eTnografi-uli gundis xelmZRvaneloba. 1939 w. aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvel-os eTnografiuli gundebi gaerTian-dnen saqarTvelos xalxuri simRerisa da cekvis saxelmwifo ansamblad. sa-mxatvro xelmZRvanelad grigol ko-kelaZe, lotbarebad _ kirile paW-koria da DdaTaSka kavsaZe, qoreograf-ad _ jano bagrationi, sakravieri jg-ufis xelmZRvanelad ki _ avqsenti me-greliZe daniSnes.

1941 w. 34 wlis axalgazrda da-TaSka omSi gaiwvies. qerCSi igi tyved Cavarda, sadac moaxerxa da tyveebis gundi Camoayaliba. cnobilia, rom am gundis repertuari safrangeTSi Caiwe-res, Tumca Canawerebi jerjerobiT ar Cans.

anzor kavsaZes dedac momRe-rali hyavda. 7 wlisas ukve notebi da fortepianoze dakvra scodnia. sagun-do-sadiriJoro fakultetis studenti Tavis maswavlebelTan _ giorgi xaxa-naSvilTan erTad saqarTvelos radi-os kapelis xelmZRvaneli iyo.

anzor kavsaZe

1959 w. anzor kavsaZe saqar-Tvelos simRerisa da cekvis saxel-mwifo ansamblis mTavar diriJorad aiyvanes. misi xelmZRvanelobis dros iq mRerodnen: vano mWedliSvili, Sal-va kovziriZe, hamlet gonaSvili, jem-al cxvediani, mixeil SaviSvili. . . swored am periodSi Seasrules ilia zaqaiZem da rostom saginaSvilma legendaruli Cakrulo, romelic kos-mosSi gauSves.

anzori 15 weli xelmZRvanelo-bda gurjaanis kulturis saxlis ansa-mbls, 18 weli _ zugdidis simRerisa da cekvis ansambls. misi sagastrolo mogzaurobebis rukaze 24 qveyanaa (sab-WoTa kavSiris garda).

qarTuli xalxuri simReris sa-erTaSoriso centrs anzor kavsaZis gundis Canawerebi calke diskad aqvs gamocemuli.

amgvarad, kavsaZeebis gvaris legendarulma warmomadgenlebma ero-vnuli kulturis dauRalav samsaxu-rSi galies cxovreba da gamorCeuli adgilic daimkvidres qarTvel sazoga-do moRvaweTa Soris.

nino kalandaZe-maxaraZe musikologiis doqtori,

ilias saxelmwifo universitetis asocirebuli

profesori

erTi ucxouri folkloruli ansambli

Cu-inis kulturisa da

xelovnebis dasi

Cu-inis dasis ufrosi Semsruleblebi

taivanSi amisis tomi ganTqmulia simRerisa da cekvis niWiT. isini mRe-rodnen xolme yanaSi da mTaSi, Sro-mis procesSi da dasvenebis dros; ce-kvavdnen da mRerodnen yvela cxovre-biseul situaciaSi. Tumca, mas Semdeg, rac adamianis Sroma meqanizmma Ca-

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anacvla, maTi sasimRero tradicia mk-veTrad Sesustda, amis Sedegad ki axa-lgazrda Taobam winaprebisgan simRe-rebis swavlis SesaZlebloba dakarga. amisebis simRerisa da cekvis aRorZi-nebis mizniT, 1997 wlis ivnisSi qalba-tonma kao Su-Cuanma Seqmna Cu-inis ku-lturisa da xelovnebis dasi. jgufis mizani iyo, gadaerCina tomis uxu-cesTa mier SenarCunebuli amisebis tradiciuli musika da eswavlebina is axalgazrda TaobisTvis. kvlevis sa-Wiroebidan gamomdinare, 2000 wels ga-vicani q-ni kao. is da misi jgufi Cemi samecniero kvlevis uzarmazari re-sursi gaxda, da kmayofili var, rom SemiZlia maT sakuTari kultura sxva kuTxidan davanaxo.

q-ni kaos xelmZRvanelobiT Cu-inis kulturisa da xelovnebis da-si sxvadasxva asakis 80-mde wevrs iT-vlis. wamyvani momRerlebi ufrosi asakis arian, rac sasimRero unaris flobis xarisxiT aris ganpirobebuli. maTi mkivana xmebis saSualebiT Zveli tomobrivi cxovreba kvlav cocxl-deba. administraciis daxmarebiT (Zi-riTadad, Suaxnis Taoba), axalgazrde-bi ufrosebisgan bevrs swavloben. Zi-riTadad, swored isini cekvaven scena-ze.

gasul wlebSi Cu-inis kul-turisa da xelovnebis dasma amisebis simRerebi da cekvebi musikaluri speq-taklebis saxiT warmoadgina. speqtak-lebi TiTqmis yovel or weliwadSi imarTeba. isini koncertebs marTaven ara marto kunZulze, aramed sazRvar-gareTac, magaliTad, aSS-Si, axal ze-landiaSi, meqsikaSi da malaiziaSi da ukve saxelic moixveWes. gamocemuli aqvT 2 kompaqturi diski _ 2001 da 2004 wlebSi.

2011 wels q-n kaosa da Cemi 5 wliani Sromis Sedegad gamoica naS-romi `mgoravi epoqa _ malanis samiwa-Tmoqmedo simRerebi”, romelSic Sesu-lia amisebis odesRac dakarguli sa-miwaTmoqmedo simRerebi. naSromma, ro-melic SesaniSnav dokumentur wayros warmoadgens, `oqros melodiis prizi~ daimsaxura.

2013 wels, q-n kaos daxmare-biT gamoveciT albomi `polifoniis

Zieba”, romelSic Sevida amisebis 9 so-flis simRerebi, im drois saukeTeso momRerlebis SesrulebiT. es gakeTda momavalSi amisebis sxvadasxva sasi-mRero stilis Seswavlis mizniT. al-bomSi Sesulia aseve samecniero sta-tiebi, romlebic siRrmiseulad gvac-nobs amisebis musikas.

Cu-inis dasis axalgazrduli nawili

yovelwliuri warmodgenebi-TaAda axalgazrda TaobisaTvis uwyve-ti swavlebiT dasi cdilobs, Seasru-los Tavisi misia. isini RmerTs evedr-ebian, rom am eTnikuri jgufis ulama-zesma polifoniurma musikam kvlavac gaagrZelos arseboba, rogorc es misi xangrZlivi istoriis manZilze xdebo-da.

lu iu-siu

taipeis suuCous universitetis eTnomusikologiis profesori

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saqarTvelos mecnierebisa da kulturis kerebi

abreSumis saxelmwifo

muzeumi

1887 wels TbilisSi daarsda ka-vkasiis meabreSumeobis sadguri, axal-gazrda rusi mecnierisa da bunebisme-tyvelis nikolai Savrovis mier. Savr-ovi meabreSumeobis Sesaswavlad ram-denime wliT sazRvargareT imyofebo-da. evropuli mivlinebis ganmavlobaSi miRebuli codna da gamocdileba, ise-ve, rogorc mis mier Camotanili mniS-vnelovani koleqciebi, daedo safuZv-lad saqarTveloSi abreSumis muzeumi-sa da biblioTekis daarsebas.

kavkasiis saabreSumo sadguris mTavari Senobis aRmSenebeli Tbilis-Si moRvawe poloneli arqiteqtori aleqsandre SimkeviCia. igi XIX sauku-nis meore naxevris Tbilisis araerTi, arqiteqturuli Tvalsaz-risiT mni-Svnelovani da stilisturad mraval-ferovani sazogadoebrivi Tu sacxo-vrebeli daniSnulebis Senobis avto-ria. maT Sorisaa Tbilisis saxelm-wifo konservatoria da rusTavelis Teatri.

abreumis muzeumi

muzeumSi inaxeba sxvadasxva ji-

Sis TuTis herbariumebi, meTuTeobaSi gamoyenebuli inventari, peplebis ko-leqcia da aseve TuTis xisagan damza-debuli sayofacxovrebo nivTebi da musikaluri sakravebi: fanduri, Con-guri, Wuniri, romlebsac, rogorc cn-

obilia, xSirad abreSumis simebs uke-Tebdnen.

muzeumSi daculia abreSumis parkebis didi koleqcia, romelic Sei-cavs 5 aTasze meti jiSis nimuSs; ase-ve, kustaruli da fabrikuli warmoe-bis abreSumis Zafi, qsovilebi; mcena-reuli, cxoveluri, mineraluri da qi-miuri saRebavebi sxvadasxva qveynebi-dan Tu saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regi-onidan.

muzeumSi periodulad ewyoba ga-mofenebi, tardeba staJirebis kursebi, xorcieldeba saganmanaTleblo prog-ramebi, romelTa daxmarebiT xdeba ab-reSumis popularizacia.

erT-erTi aseTi saganmanaTleb-lo programa iTvaliswinebs saqarTve-los saskolo ganaTlebis sistemasTan mWidro TanamSromlobas. skolis mos-wavleebs aswavlian, rogor mouaron, gamokvebon da izrunon abreSumis Wie-bze saxlis pirobebSi. sami Tvis Sem-deg maTive miRebuli abreSumis parkiT midian muzeumSi da swavloben parki-dan Zafis amoxvevas, mis SeRebvas bun-ebrivi saRebaviT da bolos, raime sa-maxsovro nivTis damzadebas. 1997-dan 2005 wlamde muzeumma umaspinZla mxatvruli teqstilisadmi miZRvnil xuT saerTaSoriso simpozi-ums. mravalwliani TanamSromlobis Sedegad, informacia muzeumis arsebo-bis da mniSvnelovnebis Sesaxeb msof-lios bevr qveyanaSi gavrcelda; abre-Sumis saxelmwifo muzeumi gaxda ev-ropis teqstilis qselis (ETN)-is we-vri da evropuli teqstilis gzis mTa-vari misamarTi saqarTveloSi. muzeumi TanamSromlobs mxatv-rebTan da Tanamedrove xelovnebis sxvadasxva sferoSi momuSave kutaro-rebTan, imarTeba gamogenebi, xorci-eldeba mravalferovani proeqtebi.

2014 wlis 7 maiss abreSumis sa-xelmwifo muzeumSi gaixsna avstrali-eli vizualuri artistis fiona devi-sis gamofena “Blood on Silk” (`sisxli abreSumze~). abreSumis muzeumisTvis es aris pirveli gamofena, romelic ukavSirdeba abreSumis uCveulo gamo-yenebis SesaZleblobebs.

abreSumisadmi miZRvnili msof-lioSi erT-erTi uZvelesi muzeumis

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daniSnulebaa abreSumis warmoebisa da gamoyenebis mravalferovani SesaZleb-lobebis warmoCena da popularizacia.

abreSumis muzeumis Sesaxeb ix. www.silkmuseum.ge

qarTuli simReris ucxoeli Semsruleblebi

trio `kavkasia~ amerikidan

trio `kavkasia” 1994 wels Seiqm-

na alan gaseris, stuart gelzerisa da karl liniqis SemadgenlobiT. sami-ve momRerali amerikaSi ukve arsebuli `qarTuli ansamblis~ wevri iyo, ma-gram maT gadawyvites, ufro seri-ozulad SeeswavlaT qarTuli xal-xuri simRera da amisaTvis sakuTari trio Camoayalibes.

trio `kavkasia” TbilisSi, 1995 w. (gia CxataraSvilis foto).

arsebobis 20 wlis manZilze tr-

iom bevri imogzaura saqarTveloSi axali sasimRero nimuSebis Seswavlis mizniT, ufro ukeT daeufla qarTul simReris wyobasa da hangs, Cawera sami

kompaqturi diski, Caatara araerTi ko-ncertebi CrdiloeT amerikis sxvada-sxva qalaqebSi.

2002 wels Tbilisis saxelmwi-fo konservatoriis tradiciuli mrav-alxmianobis pirvel saerTaSoriso si-mpoziumze warmodgenil moxsenebaSi stuart gelzerma erTgvarad Seajama trios saqmianoba, maTi mcdeloba, uk-eT Caswvdomodnen qarTul hangsa da JReradobas. moxsenebam rogorc qar-Tvel, ise ucxoel mkvlevrebs Soris didi kamaTi gamoiwvia. qarTuli xalxuri simReris po-pularizaciaSi Setanili wvlilisT-vis saqarTvelos mTavrobam trios we-vrebi daajildova vercxlis med-lebiT, xolo karl liniqi preziden-tis Rirsebis ordenis kavaleria.

2014 wlis ianvarSi trio `kavka-siam” Caatara Tavis arsebobis 20 wl-isTavisTvis miZRvnili koncertebis seria niu iorkSi, vaSingtonSi, fila-delfiaSi, ielisa da prinstonis uni-versitetebSi.

trio did madlobas uxdis yve-las wlebis manZilze gaweuli daxma-rebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT maT pedago-gebs, mkvlevrebsa da lotbarebs, vis-ganac bevri ram iswavles.

trio `kavkasiis~ Sesaxeb ix. www.kavkasia.com

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`anCisxatis taZris gundi~ poloneTSi

ama wlis 23 aprilidan 3 maisis CaTv-liT `anCisxatis taZris gundi~ miwve-uli gaxldaT poloneTSi, sadac ans-amblma monawileoba miiRo `sasuli-ero musikis tradiciul festivalSi~ da Caatara solo koncertebi polo-neTis sxvadasxva qalaqSi. gTavazobT intervius ansamblis erT-erT wevrTan, eTnomusikolog daviT SuRliaSvil-Tan. _ vin migiwviaT poloneTSi da ra RonisZiebebSi iyo dagegmili Tqveni monawileoba? _ anCisxatis gundi poloneTSi miw-veuli iyo qalaq bielsko-bialaSi, sa-kraluri musikis tradiciul fes-tivalze, romelic wels meTvrameted Catarda. masSi Cveni monawileobis organizebaSi dagvexmara latviuri koncertebis organizatori vladimer reSetovi, romelsac manamde orjer vyavdiT miwveuli rigaSi.

koncerti bielsko-bialaSi _ Kkidev romel qalaqebSi CaatareT koncertebi? _ bielsko-bialas festivalis garda, anCisxatis gundis koncerti kidev or qalaqSi – krakovsa da CestoxovaSi daigegma. am ori koncertis organize-baSi poloneTSi saqarTvelos elCi nikoloz nikoloziSvili dagvexmara, romelmac dagvakavSira krakovSi axl-addaarsebuli asociaciis `xidi saqa-

rTvelosTan~ xelmZRvanelTan _ pSe-mislav nocunTan. saqarTveloze Seyva-rebuli es adamiani gundis yvela wev-risTvis Zvirfasi aRmoCena gaxda. da-xmareba gagviwia aseve krakovSi saswa-vlebad myofma qarTvelma diriJorma mirian xuxunaiSvilma.

koncerti krakovSi maTi ZalisxmeviT Sedga koncer-ti krakovis wm. katarines taZarSi, sa-dac koncertis repertuari, ramdenime sagalobelTan erTad, ZiriTadad qar-Tuli xalxuri simRerebisgan Sedge-boda. koncerti ioana Jebers mihyavda, romelmac Tbilisis saxelmwifo kon-servatoriaSi gaiara qarTuli xalxu-ri musikaluri Semoqmedebis kursi. _ rogori iyo publika da rogor Sexvdnen saqarTvelodan Casul gunds? _ rogorc bielsko-bialaSi, ise kra-kovSi Cvens koncertebs daaxloebiT 700-mde msmeneli hyavda. amasTan, aRsa-niSnavia, rom koncerti im dRes dae-mTxva, roca krakovSi dabadebuli papi _ ioane-pavle II _ kaTolikuri ek-lesiis mier wmindanad iqna Serac-xuli da, amasTan dakavSirebiT, qalaq-Si mravali kulturuli RoniZieba iyo programaSi. magram, rogorc Cans, polonelTa interesi qarTuli kul-turis mimarT imdenad didia, rom ms-meneli Cvens koncerts ar mohklebia. xazi unda gavusva poloneli msmene-lis did interess da qarTuli xal-xuri simReris aRfrTovanebul Sefa-sebas mis mier. _ Tu dainteresdnen Tqveni CD

albomebiT? _ ra Tqma unda, dainteresdnen da Sei-Zines Cveni axaldgamocemuli kompaqt-diski saxelwodebiT `nadi~, romelic

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gundis 25 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saiubileo koncertisTvis gamoica.

koncerti CestoxovaSi _ gicnobdnen Tu ara manamde poloneTSi? _ anCisxatis gundisTvis es viziti po-loneTSi pirveli ar yofila. 2002 wels Cven iaroslavSi gaxldiT fes-tivalze `simRerebi Cveni fesvebisa~ (`Songs of Our Roots”). _ Tu SexvdiT qarTul diasporas? _ ZiriTadad krakovSi. iq yofnisas migviwvies naturaluri Rvinis maranSi `krako slou vains” (`Krako Slow Wines”), sadac polonel maspinZlebTan erTad krakovSi mcxovrebi qarTveli stu-dentebic iyvnen Sekrebilni. gemrieli Rvinoebisa da kerZebis dagemovnebas-Tan erTad simRerebic mravlad vTq-viT, raSic bolos maspinZlebic siamo-vnebiT CaerTnen. _ aris Tu ara poloneTSi qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis Semsrulebeli folkloruli ansambli? _ mirian xuxunaiSvilis xelmZRvane-lobiT krakovSi Camoyalibda qarTu-li xalxuri simRerebis moyvarulTa patara jgufi. swored maTTan erTad vmRerodiT im saRamos bolos. _ masterklasebi Tu gqondaT? _ ara, amjerad calke masterklasebi ar Catarebula, Tumca samomavlod Se-iZleba amaze fiqri, radgan interesi qarTuli simRerisadmi metad didia poloneTSi. _ rogori iyo Tqveni repertuari da ra moewona yvelaze metad polonel msmenels? _ bielsko-bialaSi gamarTul koncer-tze ZiriTad nawils sagalobelebi Seadgenda, Tumca 6 xalxuri simRerac

SevasruleT, ramac publika Zalian na-siamovnebi datova. krakovsa da Ces-toxovaSi repertuari metwilad xal-xur simRerebisgan iyo Semdgari.

ukve mravali welia, anCisxatis gu-ndi koncertebis damagvirgvinebel no-mrad gundis mier aRdgenil sxvada-sxva nadurs sTavazobs msmenels. po-loneTSi gamarTuli samive koncerti naduriT davasruleT da, SeiZleba iT-qvas, rom msmenelis gansakuTrebuli aRfroTovaneba swored am saocarma qmnilebam gamoiwvia.

koncerti CestoxovaSi _ samomavlod Tu daigegma rame? _ poloneTSi Cveni vizitiT Cveni gun-dis ucxoeTSi samogzauro istoriaSi gaCenili ramdenime wliani pauza `dai-rRva”. poloneli xalxis Cvendami uaR-resad keTlganwyobam metad gvasia-movna da gagvaxara. es sixaruli gaao-rmaga samomavlod msgavsi turis mo-wyobaze maspinZelTa SemoTavazebam. _ didi madloba, warmatebebs gisur-vebT!

interviu Caiwera maka xarZianma

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uZvelesi xalxuri sakravebi

sanTuri

qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da sakravebis muzeumSi inaxeba erTi Zveli da metad originaluri sakravi, romelic damTvalierebelTa gamorCe-ul yuradRebas ipyrobs. esaa sanTuri.

sanTuri simebiani sakravia, rom-lis xmis gamocemac ramdenime xerxiT xdeba: saTiTurebiT, pleqtriT an si-mebze specialuri xis joxebis (Caqu-Cebis) dartymiT. ukraven rogorc dam-jdar mdgomareobaSi, aseve, siarulis drosac. sakravis axmianeba, umTavre-sad dartymiT xorcieldeba, amitom sanTuri dasartyam-simebian sakravTa jgufs miekuTvneba. msgavsi tipis sak-ravs – mcireodeni gansxvavebebiTa da imave an sxva saxelwodebiT – msofli-os mraval qveyanaSi vxvdebiT.

arsebobs ramdenime gansxvavebu-li mosazreba sakravis Seqmnis istor-iisa da etimologiis Sesaxeb.

erT-erTi wyaros mixedviT, sak-ravis saxeli sanTuri bizantiuri `fsaltir”-is (berZn. fsaltirionis) saxecvlili formaa: fsaltir – sa-nt(T)ir – sant(T)ur. zogierTi monace-miT, sanTuri uZvelesi induri sakravi iyo, romelsac Tavdapirvelad `Sata-tantri vina” ewodeboda. Zvelad ter-mini `vina” sxvadasxva saxeobis simebi-an sakravs aRniSnavda, `Sata-tantri” ki, sanskritul enaze _ asZals. amave wayros Tanaxmad, sakravis Semdgomi saxeli sanTuri, romelic sparsulad aseve asZals niSnavs (santar – 100 Za-li), indoeTSi sparsuli enis gavle-niT unda damkvidrebuliyo. sxva cno-biT, induri sanTuris winapari meso-potamiaSi Seiqmna da aqedan imogzaura aRmosavleTis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi.

rac Seexeba saqarTveloSi san-Turis istorias, es sakravi pirvelad moxseniebulia sulxan-saba orbelia-nis nawarmoebSi `mogzauroba evro-paSi”. amgvarad, savaraudoa, rom san-Turi XVII saukunis meore naxevarSi qarTvelTaTvis ukve cnobili unda yo-filiyo. sanTuri moxseniebulia XVII-XVIII saukunis araerT qarTul lite-raturuli ZeglSic.

sanTuris gamosaxuleba sveticxovlis freskaze

sanTuris gamosaxuleba pirvelad sxveticxovlis taZris freskaze gvx-vdeba. taZris istoriidan vgebulobT, rom am kedlis moxatuloba XVII sau-kuneSia Sesrulebuli. zogierTi mecnieri Tvlis, rom sanTuris qarTuli Sesatyvisi safsal-munea. amas adasturebs wm. grigol noselis cnoba safsalmunes Sesaxeb: fsalmuni esaa RvTisadmi miZRvnili musikaluri sityva da himni. ase iwo-deba igi im sakravis gamo, romelsac safsalmune hqvia. amitomaa, rom sxva werilni, romlebic sakravze ar iga-lobebian, ar iwodebian fsalmunebad”. wm. aTanase aleqsandrieli ki sakravis aRwerisas aRniSnavs: `safsalmune esaa aTsimiani musikaluri instrumenti”. sakravis aTsimianobas erT-erTi fsal-munic adasturebs: `aTZaliTa safsal-munisaTa ugalobdiT ufalsa”. Zveli aRTqmis erT-erT Targ-manSi safsalmune qnarad aris gadmo-Targmnili; sanTuris sxvadasxva Sesa-tyvisebs vxvdebiT leqsikonebSic. esenia: ebani, qnari da Cangi.

ebani uZvelesi qarTuli mrava-lsimiani samusiko sakravia, romelic warmarTuli droidanaa cnobili. Tav-dapirvelad ebanis daniSnuleba sakra-vTa mwyobrSi monawileoba da simRera-galobis Tanxleba yofila. daaxlo-ebiT aseTive daniSnuleba hqonia qnar-sac, romelic pirvelad V saukunis literaturaSi moixsenieba. Cangic

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uZvelesi simebiani sakravia, jer kidev Cvens welTaRricxvamde cnobili, ro-melic orgvari unda yofiliyo – di-di, damkvrelis win dasadgmeli da pa-tara, xelSi dasaWeri. savaraudod, sanTuris sinonimad swored amgvari _ damkvrelis win dasadgmeli Cangia mi-Cneuli.

Cndeba kiTxva: Tuki yvela dasa-xelebuli termini erTsa da imave sa-kravs warmoadgens, maSin raRa saWir-oa amdeni saxeli?

sanTuri sakravebis muzeumSi

qnari da Cangi ucxouri sityve-

bia. qnari ebraul qinnors da somxur qnars, Cangi ki sparsul Canks See-sabameba. qnari saqarTveloSi qristi-anobis gavrcelebisTanave, ufro swo-rad, wminda wignebis TargmnisTanave unda gamxdariyo cnobili. Cangis spa-rsuli etimologiis damkvidreba qar-Tul literaturasa da yofaSi ki, ir-anuli mwerlobis TargmanTa gavleniT SeiZleba aixsnas. rac Seexeba san-Turs, sakravis es saxeli saqarTvelo-Si mxolod XVII saukunidan xdeba cnobili. gamodis, rom saqarTveloSi gav-rcelebuli msgavsi tipis sakravis sa-xelTagan misi qarTuli Sesatyvisi mxolod ebani da safsalmune yofila. terminebi – sanTuri, qnari da Cangi ki CvenSi ucxouri literaturis Targmn-

asTan erTad unda Semosuliyo da dam-kvidrebuliyo.

mraval qveyanaSi _ iranSi, sabe-rZneTSi, indoeTSi, eraySi, arabul qveynebSi sanTuri dResac tradiciu-li da sakmaod popularuli sakravia.

iranuli sanTuri rogorc sa-ansamblo, aseve solo saSemsruleblo sakravia. masze ukraven maRali wris sazogadoebis TavSeyris dros. Zvelad sparseTSi sanTuri gamoiyeneboda rog-orc erTgvari samkurnalo saSualeba. eqimebi cxelebiT daavadebulebs ur-Cevdnen esminaT sanTurisTvis, rome-lic simSvides mihgvrida maT da gank-urnavda sneulebisagan.

indoeTSi sanTuri kaSmiris fo-lkloruli musikis saTanxlebo sak-ravad moiazreba. masze sruldeboda aseve sufisturi musika (`Sufiana

Mausiqi”) _ religiuri, mistikur-filo-sofiuri saritualo himnebi.

antikur saberZneTSi sanTurs sxva sakravebTan erTad mwyobrSi ukr-avdnen. igi CarTuli iyo saxalxo dResaswaulebsa da qorwilebSic, ro-desac mayrioni patarZlis wamosayvan-ad midioda.

qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da sakravebis muzeumSi daculi masalis Tanaxmad, dasturdeba qarTuli sanTu-ris brZolis velze gamoyenebis Sem-Txvevebi, sadac misi funqcia daRlil mebrZolTaTvis sulis anTeba _ sabr-Zolo suliskveTebis gaRviveba da gam-xneveba yofila.

zogierTi cnobiT, sanTuri qar-TlSi yofila gavrcelebuli, romel-ic raWuli gudastviris msgavsad, re-Citatiuli simReris asayoleblad ga-moiyeneboda.

samwuxarod, amJamad saqarTve-loSi sanTurze dakvris tradicia da-kargulia.

ekaterine SoSiaSvili

qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da sakravebis muzeumis TanamSromeli

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erTi Janris Sesaxeb

nadurebi

gia baRaSvili

uZvelesi rwmena-warmodgenebiT nasazrdoebi Sromis simRera sauku-neebis siRrmeSi iRebs saTaves. Zv. w. VII s. asureTis mefe sargonma yurad-Reba miaqcia saqarTvelos teritoria-ze mcxovrebi xalxis sameurneo saqm-ianobis maRal dones da imas, rom isi-ni `mxiaruli simRerebiT axaliseb-dnen Tavis Sromas~. ucxoeli misione-rebi _ italieli arqanjelo lamber-ti (1630 w. Camovida) da frangi fran-sua da gamba (1820 w. Camovida) vrclad aRweren yanis samuSaoebTan dakavSire-bul tradiciebs, maT Soris, sasimRe-rosac da gaocebulni arian Semsru-lebelTa xmebiTa da filtvebis siZ-lieriT.

agraruli samuSaoebis Tanmxleb simReraTagan gansakuTrebul yuradRe-bas naduri simRera iqcevs.

nadi soflad yanis ToxnaSi, mka-Si, mosavlis aRebaSi, saxlis aSeneba-Si ojaxisaTvis mezobelTagan, usasyi-dlod daxmarebis ZvelqarTuli tra-diciaa, romelic didi nadimiT mTav-rdeboda. sulxa-saba orbeliani nads ganmartavs, rogorc `muSakni Seyri-lni~. nadi ewodeba mokeTe-mezoblebis jgufs, romelic usasyidlod exmareba maspinZels muSaobaSi.

nadSi simReras gansakuTrebuli adgili hqonda. monawileTa raodenoba momRerlebis mixedviT ganisazRvrebo-

da. maTi ricxvi 8-12 kacidan 30-40-sac aRwevda.

nadSi Sesasrulebeli simRerebis krebiTi saxeli `naduria~. naduri sim-Rerebi ZiriTadad dasavleT saqar-Tvelos regionebSi gvxvdeba. aRmosav-leT saqarTvelos kuTxeebidan termi-ni `nadi~ mxolod hereTSi (saingilo-Si) SemorCa. kaxeTsa da qarTlSi ki mkaSi gaweuli daxmarebis am formas mamiTadis, muSanis, rig-rigas saxeliT ixsenieben.

gansakuTrebiT mravlad Semoina-xa yanaSi muSaobis dros saTqmeli na-durebi. yanis nadurs xSirad `yanu-ris~ saxeliTac moixsenieben. yanuri simRerebi or-samxmiani da zogjer oT-xxmianicaa. oTxxmiani gurul-aWaruli nadurebi ki yvelaze Znelad Sesasru-lebeli grZeli simRerebi gaxlavT. maT, rogorc wesi, orpirulad, orbu-nad _ or gundad mRerodnen. aWaraSi amgvar Sesrulebas `gadabmulis~ sa-xeliT ixsenieben. arsebobs cnobebi naduris sampiruli Sesrulebis Se-saxebac.

samxmian nadurebs `pirdapir na-durebs~ eZaxdnen. oTxxmianebs ki `ga-dabrunebuls~. aRsaniSnavia, rom oTxi xma naduris garkveul monakveTSi _ Cveulebriv, simReris meore naxevarSi iCens xolme Tavs. oTxxmiani `naduris~ TiToeul jgufSi momReralTa Sema-dgenloba aseTia: erTi damwyebi (Sua xma), erTi gamyivani, wvrili an kriman-Wuli (maRali xma), erTi an ramdenime Semxmobari (specifikuri xma, romelic bansa da Sua xmas Sorisaa CarTuli) da aseve erTi an ramdenime bani (daba-li xma). melodiurad yvelaze Semofa-rgluli xma Semxmobaria. igi gabmul bgeras warmoadgens, zogjer patara melodiuri saqcevebic aqvs. kadansebSi ki glisandirebs. Semxmobars SromiTi procesis uwyvet ganviTarebaSi, simRe-ris saerTo simaRlis, sayrdeni tonis SenarCunebaSi gansakuTrebuli roli ekisreba _ `simRera maRalSi rom ar gaiqces~ (magram zogjer Semxmobaric ver akavebs, radgan mxareebs Soris Sejibri da emociuri daZabulobis zrda sayrdeni tonis awevas iwvevs). naduris samxmian monakveTebSi Sem-xmobari banis funqcias asrulebs, xo-

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lo banebis Sesvlis Semdeg (oTxxmian faqturaSi) igi maRali banis _ nakle-bad myari harmoniuli funqciis mata-rebeli xdeba da kvintur bgeras efu-Zneba.

imereTSi SemorCenilia naduri simReris xmaTa originaluri saxel-wodebebi: dvrini, dabali bani, krini, maRali xma, ficxi, SeZaxili, damZax-neli, kafia, gamtani. imerul nadure-bSi iSviaTad krimanWulic gvxvdeba, Tumca igi ganviTarebis iseT safexurs ver aRwevs, rogorc guriaSia.

tradiciulad nadur simReras iwyebs mTqmeli. masve mihyavs mTavari melodia da simReris teqstis Si-naarsis gadmomcemia. danarCeni xmebi SeZaxilebze, calkeul xmovnebsa da marcvlebze mRerian.

TiToeul xmas Tavisi gansazRv-ruli roli ekisreba, rac erToblio-baSi sakmaod mwyobr da, amave dros, metad rTul polifoniur qsovils ay-alibebs.

naduri simRera nela iwyeboda, Semdeg muxli TandaTan mokldeboda da tempic matulobda. rogorc mom-Rerlebi, ise rigiTebic simReris te-mps ayolebdnen Toxis moZraobas.

aWaris sofelSi Tu nadi erTd-roulad or ojaxs hqonda, erTi momR-erlebs moiwvevda, meore ki _ meWibo-nes. meWibone nads TavSi Caudgeboda da mTeli dRis manZilze Sromis tem-pis Sesabamis hangebs ukravda. zemo aWaraSi (Wvanas xeobaSi) nadSi zogjer meWibonesTan erTad medavlec (medo-le) mohyavdaT.

nadurebi mravalgvaria. maTi ume-tesoba saxelwodebas warmomavlobis adgilidan (mag., sajavaxura, Semoqme-dura, CoCxaTura, gurianTula, baile-Tura), zogierTi – Sesrulebis an fo-rmis Taviseburebidan iRebs (`jiqura~ - yanis ieriSiT aReba, `gordela~ _ mokle naduria, gorda mokle xmals niSnavs), zogis saxeldeba ki masSi ga-moyenebuli saleqso striqonis dasa-wyisiT xdeboda. naduri simRerebis didi nawili samRerisebze _ dRes mni-Svnelobadakargul sityvebze imRereba (raSa, raSavrera, dielo, odoia, epoia, adila, vaidila, rimtiri da a. S.).

nadurebs qalebic asrulebdnen. qalTa SromiT saqmianobas (matylis gaCeCva-darTva) ukavSirdeba `xertlis naduri~ (xertali – xeltari _ TiT-istari). am simReris sityvieri teqsti umetesad satrfialo Tematikis Sai-rebs wamoadgens). nadSi mrTvel qa-lebs Soris imarTeboda Sejibri. Ses-venebis dros cekvavdnen kidec. sainte-resoa, rom qalTa `xertlis naduris~ melodia mamakacTa mkis simRerebis ms-gavsia. Tavad `xertlis naduris~ erT variants (`dRes amali devinaxe~) ki mamakacebi asruleben. SesaZloa, es fa-qti uwin qal-vaJTa erToblivi Sromis gamoZaxilic iyos.

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi nadurebis uamravi varianti arsebobs. maTi simravle imaze migviTiTebs, rom am Janrs saqarTveloSi xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. maT warmoSobas mec-nierebi qristianobamdel xanaSi vara-udoben. `naduri~ simRera saqarTveloSi Sromis Janris simRerebis mSvenebaa. gurul-aWarul oTxxmian variantebs, romlebsac urTulesi musikaluri dr-amaturgia aqvT, SeiZleba Sromis sim-foniebic ki vuwodoT. Tamamad SeiZ-leba iTqvas, rom nadurebi, agebule-biTa da musikaluri enis originalo-biT, ara marto qarTuli, aramed msof-lios xalxTa Sromis simRerebis gvir-gvinsac warmoadgens.

gia baRaSvili eTnomusikologi, musikologiis

doqtori

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erTi simReris istoria

CoCxaTura

CoCxaTura guruli naduria, ro-melsac yanaSi, simindis Toxnis an ma-rgvlis dros samuSaod mowveuli gl-exebi mRerodnen. simRera muSaobas ax-alisebda, es ki mravaldRiani samu-Saos swrafad Sesrulebas uzrunvely-ofda.

naduri `CoCxaTura~ sofel CoCxaTSi daibada da iqidan gavrcel-da mTel guriaSi. winamdebare varian-ti Cawerilia sofel sufsaSi 1927-1928 wlebSi avqsenti megreliZis mier. as-rulebdnen: q. jijieSvili, i. da t. gu-jabiZeebi, m. WakneliZe, i. vasaZe da p. miqaSaviZe (xelnaweri daculia folk-loris saxelmwifo centris arqivSi _ ##902,903).

avqsenti megreliZe lotbaris minawerSi, romelic

1947 wliT TariRdeba, naTqvamia: `na-duri Cveulebriv xalxur simRerebisa-gan Zlier gansxvavdeba, rogorc as-rulebis mxriv, ise amsrulebelTa Se-madgenlobis mxrivac. aq xmebis wyoba sul sxvaa. mag., bani sul ar arsebobs. TviToeuli dasis Semadgenloba ase-Tia: damwyebi (uTuod erTi kaci), wvr-ili an krimanWuli (esec uTuod erTi kaci) da Semxmobni (ori kaci). es uka-naskneli, romelic TiTqos bans eubn-eba, umravles SemTxvevebSi moZaxilze da xSirad wvrilzedac maRla xmovan-

ebs… da ar aris moZravi. TiTqmis Ta-vidan bolomde erT da imave bgeras asrulebs. damwyebi da krimanWuli ki piriqiT, Zlier moZravia. pirveli dasi win midis, meore dasi ki ucvlelad imeorebs imas, rasac pirveli dasi am-bobs~.

`CoCxaTura~ avqsenti megreliZes guruli glexebisagan Cauweria, Tumca, patarobidan Tavadac Seswavlili hqo-nia es naduri da masSi krimanWulsac asrulebda. `Tu vinmes surs guruli xalxuri simRerebis Seswavla, uTuod jer unda gaecnos gurul nadurebs, romlebic mTel simfonias warmoad-genen. TviToeuli naduri Sedgeba 20-24 sxvadasxva muxlisagan, romlebic ise SesaniSnavad aris erTmaneTze mibmu-li, rom Tanamedrove gamoCenil kompo-zitorsac ki SeSurdeboda aseTi ram. erTi ki unda iTqvas: naduri scenaze ver dastovebs mayureblebSi iseT ST-abeWdilebas, rasac yanaSi muSaobis dros. guruli naduri aris guruli xalxuri musikis dedaboZi. arcerTi simRera ise rTuli da saintereso ar aris, rogorc naduri~ _ werda avqsen-ti megreliZe.

unda iTqvas, rom nadurma sxva Janris xalxuri simRerebis msgavsad, romlebic sofluri yofis ganuyofel nawils Seadgenda, socialuri daniS-nuleba dakarga da mas yanaSi aRaravin asrulebs. amitom nadurebis scenaze Sesruleba erTaderTi saSualebaa maTi gacocxlebis da popularizaci-isa. sabednierod, araerTi Tanamedro-ve folkloruli ansamblis repertu-arSi damkvidrda naduri simRerebi da maT Soris `CoCxaTurac~, romlis sa-koncerto Sesrulebas xangrZlivi ov-aciebiT xvdeba rogorc qarTveli, ise ucxoeli msmeneli.

moamzada maka xarZianma

gTavazobT avqsenti megreliZis

mier Caweril da notirebul `CoCxaTu-ras~ wignidan: `qarTuli xalxuri mu-sika avqsenti megreliZis arqividan~ (Semdgeneli: n. moiswrafiSvili, Tbi-lisi, 2005)

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redaqtori: maka xarZiani mTargmneli: maia kaWkaWiSvili kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: maka xarZiani levan veSapiZe lela maqaraSvili

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tradiciuli mravalxmianobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centri, 2014

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