9.3 Getting Energy to 9.3 Getting Energy to Make ATPMake ATP

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

FermentationFermentation

Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Photosynthesis vs. Cellular RespirationRespiration

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

Process by which Process by which mitochondria mitochondria break down food to make break down food to make ATPATP

3 Steps of Cellular Respiration3 Steps of Cellular Respiration

1. __________________1. __________________

2. _______________ (Krebs Cycle)2. _______________ (Krebs Cycle)

3. ___________________________3. ___________________________11stst stage: stage: AnaerobicAnaerobic 2–3 stages: Aerobic 2–3 stages: Aerobic

Glycolysis = No OxygenGlycolysis = No Oxygen

Series of chemical rxns in the cytoplasm Series of chemical rxns in the cytoplasm that breaks down _____________, a 6 carbon that breaks down _____________, a 6 carbon compound, into 2 molecules of compound, into 2 molecules of ________________, a 3 carbon compound.________________, a 3 carbon compound.

2ATP used to start glycolysis and 4ATP 2ATP used to start glycolysis and 4ATP produced = not efficient source of energyproduced = not efficient source of energy

What is the net ATP produced? #NADH? What is the net ATP produced? #NADH? #Hydrogens?#Hydrogens?

Citric Acid Cycle = OxygenCitric Acid Cycle = Oxygen

Pyruvic acid from the cytoplasm moves Pyruvic acid from the cytoplasm moves into the ______________. into the ______________.

Before it can begin the CAC, it must Before it can begin the CAC, it must undergo some changes before it enters undergo some changes before it enters the _______________________.the _______________________.

Pyruvic acid gives off a molecule of ______ Pyruvic acid gives off a molecule of ______ and combines with coenzyme A, to form and combines with coenzyme A, to form ________________.________________.

Acetyl-CoA produces NADH and HAcetyl-CoA produces NADH and H++ and and this begins the this begins the ____________________________.____________________________.

Citric Acid Cycle continuedCitric Acid Cycle continued

1: Acetyl CoA reacts with 4C compound to form a Citric Acid 1: Acetyl CoA reacts with 4C compound to form a Citric Acid (4 + 2 = __C)(4 + 2 = __C)

2: CO2: CO22 produced, converting a 6C molecule to a ___C produced, converting a 6C molecule to a ___C molecule. molecule.

(6-1 = __) During this time NADH and H(6-1 = __) During this time NADH and H++ is produced. is produced. 3: Another molecule of CO2 released, makes a 4C 3: Another molecule of CO2 released, makes a 4C

compound, 1 ATP, and 1 NADHcompound, 1 ATP, and 1 NADH 4: 4C compound goes through a series of reactions and 4: 4C compound goes through a series of reactions and

produces FADHproduces FADH22, NADH, and H, NADH, and H++

Carbon chain rearranged and starts all over again when set Carbon chain rearranged and starts all over again when set up with Acetyl – CoAup with Acetyl – CoA

(NAD + and FAD are used as electron carriers for the ETC of (NAD + and FAD are used as electron carriers for the ETC of the mitochondria) the mitochondria)

For every turn of the cycle 1 ATP and 2 COFor every turn of the cycle 1 ATP and 2 CO22 molecules molecules producedproduced

Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain

Inner membrane of the mitochondrionInner membrane of the mitochondrion 1: _______and _______deliver energized electrons to the 1: _______and _______deliver energized electrons to the

mitochondrial membranemitochondrial membrane 2: Electrons are passed from protein to protein, releasing 2: Electrons are passed from protein to protein, releasing

_______along the way. Some of the energy is used directly _______along the way. Some of the energy is used directly to form ________ or H+ ions into mitochondria.to form ________ or H+ ions into mitochondria.

Inside becomes __________charged, so outside the Inside becomes __________charged, so outside the membrane becomes ____________. This drives the energy for membrane becomes ____________. This drives the energy for _________ production_________ production

3. Final electron acceptor = Oxygen. It reacts with 4 H+ 3. Final electron acceptor = Oxygen. It reacts with 4 H+ and 4 electrons to form 2 ______ molecules.and 4 electrons to form 2 ______ molecules.

Adds _______ ATP molecules to the 4 already produced. Adds _______ ATP molecules to the 4 already produced. Why is oxygen so important to the process?Why is oxygen so important to the process?

Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid Fermentation

Follows glycolysis and provides a means of Follows glycolysis and provides a means of producing ATP until oxygen is readily availableproducing ATP until oxygen is readily available

Aerobic or anaerobic?_______________________Aerobic or anaerobic?_______________________ 2 molecules of _______________ produced in 2 molecules of _______________ produced in

glycolysis use NADH to form 2 molecules of glycolysis use NADH to form 2 molecules of _______________. _______________.

Releases NADReleases NAD++ and 2 ATP for each _____________ and 2 ATP for each _____________ moleculemolecule

Lactic acid is transferred from muscle cells, to the Lactic acid is transferred from muscle cells, to the liver that converts it back to pyruvic acid. Lactic liver that converts it back to pyruvic acid. Lactic acid that builds up in muscle cells = muscle acid that builds up in muscle cells = muscle ______________.______________.

Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation

Used by yeast cells and some Used by yeast cells and some bacteria to produce _______ and bacteria to produce _______ and ______________.______________.

GlucoseGlucose Glycolysis (2 pyruvic Glycolysis (2 pyruvic acids) acids) carbon dioxide + alcohol + carbon dioxide + alcohol + 2 ATP2 ATP

Efficient?_________________________Efficient?_________________________

Comparison of Photosynthesis Comparison of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respirationand Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis (Chloroplasts)(Chloroplasts)

_________synthesized_________synthesizedEnergy from sun stored Energy from sun stored

in ___________________in _______________________________ given off____________ given offProduces sugars from Produces sugars from

PGALPGALRequires _____________Requires _____________Occurs only in presence Occurs only in presence

of ____________________of ____________________

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration(Mitochondria)(Mitochondria)

__________ broken down__________ broken downEnergy of _______ releasedEnergy of _______ released______________ taken in______________ taken inProduces _____________ Produces _____________

and _______________and _______________Does not require ________Does not require ________Occurs in all living _______Occurs in all living _______

Comparison of FermentationTo

Cellular Respiration

Lactic AcidGlucose

Glycolysis (pyruvic acid)____________

=_______

AlcoholicGlucose

Glycolysis (pyruvic acid)CO2 + __________

= __________

Cellular RespirationGlucose

Glycolysis (pyruvic acid)CO2 + H20= __________

Homework/ClassworkHomework/Classwork

WS 9.3WS 9.3 9.3 Section Assessment Q1 and 5 pg 9.3 Section Assessment Q1 and 5 pg

237237 Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration

Flow Chart – Fill in with a partnerFlow Chart – Fill in with a partner