A tour of the Cell

Cell organelles & functions

Differences between plant and animal cells:Animal lacks Plant lacksCell wall CentriolesLarge central vacuole lysosomesChloroplasts

Cell Organelles and structures

• The nucleus• Control center• Contains DNA which controls all

activities of the cell• Contains Nucleolus• Surrounded by nuclear envelope

The NucleolusSite of Ribosome construction

ribosome

Site of Protein synthesis Made of Ribosomal RNA Free and attached

Free for proteins within the cell Attached makes proteins to be

exported.

Plasma or Cell Membrane

Made of a phospholipid bilayer Fluid Mosaic model Imbedded with Proteins and glycoproteins for

ID Semi permeable to control what enters and

leaves

Cell Wall1. Gives support and shape to cell2. Protects3. Helps control movement of fluids

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

1. Two types, smooth and rough2. Rough has ribosome attached and is the

site of protein synthesis. Also a factory for cell membranes.

3. Smooth does not have ribosomes and is the site of lipid and carbohydrate synthesis, and detoxification of drugs and poisons.

4. Involved in cellular transport, forms passage way throughout the eukaryotic cell.

Golgi apparatus1. Site of processing proteins made in the ER. It is the center of

manufacturing, warehouse, sorting, and shipping.2. Proteins are modified and stored, then sent to other destinations.

Mitochondria

1. The site of Krebs cycle and electron transport in cellular respiration2. Uses carbohydrates, fats, and lipids3. Main purpose is to produce ATP4. Contains its own DNA from your mother.

Chloroplast1. Site of Photosynthesis2. Contains Thylakoids, Granum and stroma3. Chlorophyll gives it its green color.

Centrioles/centrosome

1. Microtubules grow out of the centrosome2. Centrioles' occur in pairs in the

centrosome

Flagella and cilia1. Used for movement2. Flagella are long and are found in both animals and some plants3. Cilia are short and also found in both plants and animals.

Cytoplasm/Vacuoles/Cytoskeleton

1. Cytoplasm is the Fluid portion of cell that contains the organelles and dissolved substances.

2. Vacuoles: sac like structures that store various items ranging from Carbohydrates in Plants to enzymes in animals called Lysosomes and peroxisome.

3. Cytoskeleton: Made up of microtubules and filaments that give structure and support to the cell.