younger Scipio, and
from
the
time
of
An-
tonius,
decade
Latin Art
Latin
ment
of
specially
Cicero
it enjoyed for
to
identified
the mature
appears in the MSS. at
1.
Middle
Ages,
Liieratur und
that
(c/.
our
treatise,
was worthy of
at
ascribe the work
case,
tions
in
from
Incompatibles
contrarium
figure
libera
authorship are Johannes
Quintilian's requirements.
play tradiLctio. Two
of these examples
Corni-
fician
authorship
maintain
that
adnominatio
and
traductio
are
for drawing
treatise
(4.
xxv.
35).
five
must
be
In 3.
there
{non partem
comparison an argument
for Cornifician authorship
who
died
c.
a.d.
39.
Tiberius.
other a
85 {avriii^TaBoXTj
or to
book
and
were
contemporary
with
figures,^ and that
9. 3.
with
any
identify him with
C.
the several
resemblances, in
passages
from
If Cornificius dealt
 
a portion
pp.
of the complete
our
author,
of
orator),
were
allied
Rhodian life
successors.
importance
of
exercise
from
War
; a
number
source, for the
ff.
with
2.
xiv.
21
ff.).
xviii
our oldest
tomary
to
are
sought
not
the
use
of
sources,
although
may have
the
made
some
may derive
These
teachers
in Latin,
 
do not know.
by pupils, and by
only the sons
Greek books,
occasionally uses
among the
motives that
impel men
illustrate,
the
examples
these manuals
may well
in the
history of
Roman literature
notebooks of
my boyhood,
believes
postulate a common source.
lators should
precisely
the
same
words ;
furthermore,
the
a solution
had changed his
upon the
Cicero's full
much
briefer
discussion
unpublished Vienna
without
and
Conclusions)
tions
between
sharp to permit a
single
immediate
common
entirely
a
Approach, and
beheve, forced either
author's
words
who, like Marx,
consider our treatise
merely lecture notes,
charge of
have known
source
author did
would
require
proof.
Schanz
hypothesis
would
be
doubtless
depends
on
a
which
is
also
^
and
others
outlines
taken
as Greek,
three
Approach
(1.
ix.
16);
cf.
(or rather
his teacher)
thus got
by his
teacher, thinking
that his
Book
degree
 
follows it
that he had heard
Ennius or speech by
words
already
large enough task
He
is
sometimes
examples and
or
at
of
attention,
future
active
indicative,
of
.
figure
20,
receives
a
Roman
character.
limits
archaic,
and
Cicero
regarded
as
his
own
forerunners.
of
a
textbook
up as
superior to
complete
larger
in
Roman
exerted
a
beneficent
Later History
to
ninth
and
; it
full story,
the Middle
doubtless
remain
126G,
followed
until
the
year
1834
text
all
students,
even
a
cannot
otherwise
be
and often
the decision
between the
M
in
a
that
places
1894.
of
the
following
MSS.
Laudensis,
next
page
The
of places
As
some
critics
have
charged,
several
instances
not be allowed
Zwickau,
1875.
J.
1879.
Curtius
treating
material
irrelevant
to
a Direct
discussed,
(8)
(6)
by
the
;
sub-
joined.
(11)
The
Subtle
(12-13)
of
Facts
(y)
should
(17)
points
remain
contested,
and
to
xlvi
the Types of
of
considerations)
be
developed,
our
from the
Book
II
(1)
the
Conjectural
Issue
is
the text
the
act
Statute
less
evil
parts of
they
should,
like
testimony,
be
drawn
excites the
under the proper rubrics.
(a) The
argument on
modesty is
performance
of
these
what
they
voluntas
conscriberemus, ne
aut tua
tellegentia et
Graeci
scriptores
inanis
adrogantiae
hardly find enough leisure to devote to study,
and
your desire,
concerns
you
self-assertion, Greek
notions irrelevant
to the
of a discourse
only the
conveniet
exordiorum
is
a
or
be
when
adtentos.
sit
honesta,
aut
breviter
quibus
Sin
B.C.
In
Isaeus
3,
Dionvsius
of
€(f)o8oi.
Cf.
p.
206,
and
Anon.,
eos
possumus : ab
nostra, ab
modata ; item si
xvi. 22. Here
adversaries,
that
of
the
divisions
of
the
discourse.
'
quae
est.
uti
non
possumus,
causam habemus, hoc est,
dixerunt.
poterimus
three
it
our adversaries
dicturos,
et
tamen
facile
scire
rebus fides
fieri soleat
bimus, his
nos rebus
Proem.
This
in
statim
apertis
rationibus
quibus
praescripsimus
vitanda
exordium
est
quod
in
Mx
ed.mai.:
cohaereat
cum
narratione
genera. Unum est cum
causas de quibus
tionis,
quod
exerceri convenit,
quo commodius
tragoediis
traditae
have an
intimate connection
hearer well-
disposed or
State-
ment
of
of
Facts.
It
affords
us
convenient
practice
narratives
there
are
on
transmitted by
progymnastnata
{praeexercila-
menta).
the delight
try to
eo
quod
facta
hie
erit
con-
siderandum
quid
in
aliam
rem
transeamus,
which
I
we must
guard against
saying a
thing more
evening
and
there.
occurred, observing
is not confused,*^ involved,
too
do not omit
natura
postulat
dicemus ;
of time,
these
measures
said I believe that I agree
with
the
cum
dicemus
numero
dicturi
below.
points
 
the
deed,
and
,?
points
on
his
fingers.
in 2. XX.
'
Curio :
when
he
had
pote-
rimus,
^i
est
prima
alsoch. 13
Arte
of
[1947].
case;
and of
status system
both criminal and
civil causes. Adumbrated
and
Aristotelian
dialectic
assimilated
pp.
filled
the
speaker's
of Issue
of
the
types
they
had
defence
des Cornificius, Zurich
Leipzig,
1904;
 
the
juristic
three : Conjectural,
from
the
corpse.
Teucer
appears,
sees
hand. He
subtypes
arises when
the framer's
senatum
aerarium
pati
non
posse
largitionem
tantam.
Senatus
decrevit,
deicit,
inpedimento
est
quo
setius
quaeri-
^
Appu-
leius
Saturninus
five-sixths of an
fru-
mentaria
times that
 
vote. Caepio,
when he
some
Conservatives,
destroys
motion. Caepio is brought to
trial
for
treason.''
The
for
Pfaff),
Vienna,
1910,
pp.
theft, but not
Cf.
in the
in the proceedings
some
one
is
action ought
This
sub-
:
or is
not, per-
folliculo
carcerem
adferunt,
adfuerunt
heredes erant
constitutionis partes duae sunt, quarum una
absoluta,
10
(1920).
119-30;
Rudolf
factum esse
flumina
vias
interclusissent.
Deprecatio
est
consulto fecisse
confitetur, et
tamen postulat
ut sui
misereantur. Hoc
usu
venire,
nisi
quando
pro
eo
dicimus
cuius
venit, at in senatum,
ad imperatorem et in
xxxi.
96.
Cf.
**
also Quin-
necesse
fuisse
facere,
et
id
destinari quo
slave was set free by Sulla's
orders and then
anyone who came
exiles
It
was
called
to
account,
that
may
See
hac potis-
occidisse matrem
verterit
defensionem.
above.
(1397ab),
the
the
to adhere
Justifying
Motive
for
the
act,
He
doubt could exist
is
hand
she
Central
 
in
a
filio
Clytemestram
occidi
? Ergo
constitutionum hac via
ea
nee
tutionum, iudicationes quoque plures erunt in una
causa,
quibus de rebus adhuc dicendum
fuit
diceremus.
Nunc
ceteris
rebus
multitudinem
^
officia
maximis
rebus
priore
libro.
desired. I had
/
ratio posset
prima
quaeque
(2.
ii.
3-xvii.
26);
6o
explained
how
the
Point
to
Adjudicate
is
properly
applicable.
II.
It
the means
of invention
tation. Then
motive,
the
person,
of these
him
benefit
—enmities, ill
is
in
question,
he
will
enlarge
wrongdoing
everv
(
venerit in
denique
aliquo
aut
quam
non
the
prosecutor
curred the
find
he
fault, or indeed, of
have
acted
so
criminally
in
this
instance
too.<^
If
the
adversar}'^
has
previously
of misbehaviour.
show his client's
upright life/ if
credi
potuisse
ficere
fuerit
a
sum
*
(1428a), 12
(1357ab)
notoriety,
he
will
first
is
not
6 IV. Comparison
his
of Time, the Occasion, the Hope of Success, the
Hope of
Escaping Detection.
7 The
suspicion.
No
For of Invention it is
only
the
alleged
follows
in his
de
adiutoribus,
de
adiumentis
num qui
tempore
spectabitur
quod
si telum,
aut
si
equivalent
the enthymeme
Aristoile^s
Hammer 1
he made some
preparation, met any
the crime, one
: for example, if
by poison.
of the kind was
into three types according to
the
same
chronological
scheme,
murder.
'LrjUela
and
eiVdra
were
praemeditatum
the
side
of
(1428a) and 14
pity, and
charges the
against
In favour of
witnesses, and
given under
order to discover the truth
that our
ancestors wished
the
legal.
75
75
non
oportere,
in
Haec
signs, and the other
advantageous
to
aliquid
esse,
bribery, or
Against
presumptive
each
and
every
no
are
lies,
we
shall
one
is
true.
We
the invention
some
story
person
at
all
destroy
its
authority
by
logical
turalis et
aut
adversariis
perscribi.
Deinde
carefully examined
all its
by
topics
the
the questioning
of our
?
the
and
and intention. Finally,
departing
from
tantum scripserit quod
natura, non aequo
et
in-
communi
dissentire.
Deinde
scriptum
iudicatorum
enumeratione,
deinde
legum
intention of the framer.
used by
acknow
ledged
by
the
intention
we
be
unjust,
impracticable,
the common
Next
we
the
things;
non
interpretetur.
15
Cum
duae
leges
quod
posteriore
duas
aut
plures
been
written
down
in
a
text
and
must
failed
So
also
for a
law.
and warm
the intention of the
of
Law from
because
it
can
arbitrentur
ad
banc
causam
metuunt
19-20
below.
cussions
pleasure in than
4,
propositions
least
with
86
the
text
is
not
I may
yield
whenever
you
wish.
For
the
inarticulateness.^
of
the
asserted that no word
is ambiguous (GelUus 11.
verbi
aliquis
alia lege,
Saturninus
counsel
their
counselUng.
damage, for
license of wicked men,
state from
from the departments
another
connection
with
like importance
non sit, quod
^
rhetoric,
thence
of
believe that, though useful for pleading, it was not of
real
upon the
(1.
xi.
19,
2.
tiiso
ac
si
petere
possis.
tribuno
aliud
decreverit
aut
iudicarit,
 
other
became
identified
concept. See Gains, Inst. 1.
1,
and
Elemer
positive
Law.
Cf.
Cicero,
others
92
children,
and
statute,
is
by
of
statute
from his partner.*
It is a
so.^ Again,
Bonfante,
2.421-40;
(1938).
268-82;
Fritz
Schulz,
History
of
Roman
Legal
Science,
p.
and
London,
1939).
in
;
et
vanda
sunt,
{e.g.,
the
poets
Class.
with bona
There
are
agreements
which
must
Ernst Lew,
Sav. Zeitschr.
753 flF.; Schulz,
the
middle
of
quod
accusator
dicat
oportuisse
non
ea
the
figure
Comparison
3
below.
96
the
circumstances,
not to
which
come
to
against one who
believes that violence
ought to pre-
vail over judicial
decisions.*^ Furthermore, he
punishment
upon
victed, contending that
to
do
likewise
? The
the crime committed by those to
whom he is shifting the issue of guilt ; he will present
before the eyes of the
hearers the
circumstances, the
for
a
24)
avoid
or
lighten
this
superior
force.
Next,
issue,
which
Next, did
to
inform
himself.'
Then,
anger, will
ignorance,
iudices demoretur
postulabimus.
locis : si plura aut
eo
qui
supplicabit
et misericors
crime
is
attributed
to
accident,**
and
counsel
for
defence
maintains
that
which
should
alwavs
be
con-
sidered,
vituperatio
26
dicet,
primo
ostendimus,
; si
maxime
ita
over.
j
When
we
Mish
to
Reject
the
Responsibility,
we
shall
throw
i
will
represent
;
^
shall
turn
the
controversy
those that I
what
arguments
below.
non
difficile
deinceps
cum
Cicero,
De
(=
and complexio.
enthymeme
(e.g.,
in
the
than
io6
from
returning
same place,
cause
later
name).
Aristotle's
Aristotle
took
the
premises
for
granted
with
Socratic
induction.
See
Cicero,
De
Int.
1.
xxxiv.
volumus.
sperabat
deed,
and
cause, he
his habit to
a
well in order to
under Palamedes' bed a
suscipiunt,
tum
vero
ilia
quoque animum
wliom
he
dreaded
a man
under stress
against
it
incredible
that
 
epicheireme.
meagre for
is brief
then
both
the
teach
us
skilfully
ab
his
vitiis
recedere,
et
parte labe-
factare possimus.
non necessario
tueri. Si
sit,
ipsam
facile
reprehendemus
 
differt raro
intellegatur.
aut
ille
Brutus
32.
122,
a
masterpiece.
114
t,^
test the argument
but
sort
to
ask
opposing
vices,
curse
and
destruction
enslave
us;
been
seen.
He
had
no
this
type
by
showing
speaker has
he
wider
of some
on
a
false
enumeration
to
or
other
a
crowd
dicimus,
homines
sollicitent
quoniam aegritudinem cum
as
city
{iiriTpoiroXis)
of
in the
eo quod fieri
est
quae
ex
falsa
fugiendus non
but,
who
dwells
in
the
same
In the Pro-
|X)sition, then, we
reproof
is
is useful
is based
groundless
when
colloquial
of
a
that
lovers
for it
121
per-
hibent
philosophi
negant
Ullam
ait
to
philosophy
and
art
see
2.
xxvii.
ratione
adferri,
sed
follows
of this
kind the
above.
posterior ad excogitandum.
126
we
misapply
a
a
second.
ground that
a
fever,
and
 She
Ennius'
Medea.
has presented him,
after
in a
sure to breed a
there is no
of
insulting
language
been
Again,
difficulties
which there is
the sharpest controversy
'
detexam
exordio.
43
Item
vitiosum
aut partes
confirmare
quas
pollicitus
de re controversia sit
by
Pacuvius
(Marx,
Proleg.,
p.
132);
see
Tolkiehn,
Bed.
Philol.
Wochenschr.
37
(1917).
827-8.
in
the charge,
deems it
of little
say next ?
victions
or
of the
hearer outraged
the subject, and not
natio
causae coacti
observaverimus,
saepe
quodpiam vituperare propter
the
the
virile
active
life
of
con-
templation.
485 E
point
of
view.
136
Again, care
prosecutor's
engaged
in
it,^
as
in
con-
hominem
•
can com-
orators
are
very
 
quae
minima
Yet
this
procedure
is
not
faulty
insigni-
ficant
suppress
mention
of
wheat, the
speaker should
care to enumerate
the other.
allot
some
portion
of
influence
of
partiality.
94.
war, in
Alba Fucens,
was rewarded
of
the
Vestini,
reducere
aiebat.
Proinde
quasi
quasi
non
locupletandam
up
Varian Commission or
to
build
and
proposing
the
same
law,
a
fault
to
a change
the year
of
these
belonged
of
the symbol
An Example is
the
matter
demands.*
number
homicide.
it has
xliv.
82.
reducatur. Item curandum est
and to
See
Conclusions by
To
Aristotle,
Rhet.
the
to excite
the emotions
required by
been
said.
(con-
questio)
1
[2].
454)
con-
siders
they have
that
the
Summary
should
Introduction
Alez., ch. 20
of policy
or of
by
repeatedly
presenting
arguments
that
strengthen
instigationis auditorum
mortalibus
Peroration; but
opportunities to
amplification,
when
which
memory.
Therefore
the
Summary
Refutation.
Amplification
105,
101.
147
Tertius
incommodo
aut
100;
the
locus
qui
efficitur
or our
and
disadvantages
*^
be in
49
(6)
^
is
provided
for
an
unpremeditated
act.
(7)
and
tyrannical
outraging
consequi solent
 
unbridled
kinsmen through
Appeal
is a concept of
 
avenge.
151
patientem
incommodorum
lacrima eitius
in hoc libro
in adverse
In the present
;
to the pains
to
the proverb see
: dispositione,
pronuntiatione,
memoria.
celeriter
domum redeat,
an in
 
with
7.
9.
58,
perfidy and
and his
to
us;
L.
Coelius
Antipater.
to
leave
enemy/
to
the
question
previously);
at
36
(or
37)
civili consultatione dividi-
aut
utrumque
sumemus
coniuncte.
Dolus
consumitur
 
might, for example,
be considered as
effect
Caesar
Aristotle,
Rhei.
1.
3
(1358
b).
Cf.
Cicero,
be
Oratore
2.
to
Offic.
83.
161
cuiusque.
et
rerum
humilium
ratione
re
Cf.
also
Hippolytus,
Bef.
10 below, and
liii.
160,
De
Nat.
of
war
or
On this concept
gestae
aut
praesentem
aut
demonstra-
bimus
deduci
oportere
5 Sin fortitudinis
ought to
from
for
a
men
ought
to
follow
dicet
dissolutam negle-
gentiam esse
put
any
extraordinary
virtue
to
things
allies, or
Subtle
Approach,
or
by
the
same
xxv. 35
sumus
ostendemus.
At
si
rectam esse dicemus, et
omnes partes recti incident,
qui
tutam
rationem
:
;
discourse
thing
we
intend
to
tliat our aim
Strategy.
If
we
in
do,
explained
above,
consideration
of
does
not
produce
literature;
see
Otto,
s.v.
in the
present, but
possible number.
of
pp.
19
term, for
which hiadativum
the
persona, aut
 ),
see Bhet. ad
;
 
Si vituperabimus
aut merito
vitu-
peratione.
Ab
vereri
omnes homines illius virtutes
Si vituperabimus,
cognoscere
petemus
^
what
one's
own
character
is.
176
show by
praise,
we
contrary
effect.
When
the
person
of
we are
know him,
man of
of the
approval
C
d :
:
shall
his wickedness
methods
or censure some
for Stating
to
praise
or
censure
precise sequence and chronology,
must
keep
non in
maiorum virtutibus
in
his
animi
1
genus
invenimus
quicquid
loco
pronuntietur,
videndum
est
omne
causae
genus
P^
 
so that there
should follow
particular
circumstances.
mus;
auditorum
obtunsae
videbuntur
atque
si
com-
Si narratio parum probabilis, exordiemur ab
aliqua
firma
argumentatione.
His
to
circumstance
in
some
strong
argument.
quae
si
separatim
inter-
poni
oportet.
Nam
et
statim
confirmari
possit
horse-
men
with
horses
of
the
pleading
those
stated the
why
we
fresh
in
readily bring
than
the
best
speech
devoid
oratory,
gave
the
palm
 
: conservat BC.
Theophrastus
Gomperz'
restoration)
not
day (QuintiHan, 11.
190
these.
gesture
as
I
\'ocal volume is primarily the gift of nature
;
develop
3
above.
See
also
Philodemus
on
nature
nostro commodo
curandae
vocis
delivery.
Declamatio
Stability
is
primarily
gained
by
the other
bv a system of
composed
possible.
For
the
the
full
voice
et vox,
exclamatio vocem
—
fuerunt
full
breath
will
be
able
of
so
a rhetoric later
in a
benefits our
in
to
thoughts more clear-cut
continuous full tone conserves
for it
rather
to
dis-
the
stability
of
both at
set
Contentio
est
et vocis remissione.
De
Offic.
tres partes
XIV. Sermo
cum est
separated in 2,
above;
leviter tremebunda
faucibus exclamationem
mutationibus
crebris,
tionibus.
XV.
est
pro-
nuntiantur.
Convenit
acrimoniam
esse,
in
gestus.
fiet per distributionem, porrectione perceleri
brachii,
inambulatione,
et
below)
keen
and
fixed
look.
(7)
own
delivery.
Cf.
3.
qui
motus
28
an
omiiis
ab
natura
^
8]
was
the
first
to
introduce at Athens, is in common use; it is becoming as
a
Cicero [Brutus
Lucian,
Rhetor.
Praeceptor
19,
the
young
mnemo-
technische
Schrifttum
des
Mittelalters
Class.
Weekly
204
under-
here
would
be
useless,
merely
to
suggest
turn
to
but
the
Sunt
et
ratio
praeceptionis.
arti-
amplificet
ratione
doctrinae.
institutio,
daretur quare iis qui minus ingenii
habent adiumento
velimus esse.
Nunc de
we
ii.
3
and
4.
Horace,
Ars
Poet.
408-11;
else
simulacra
recitare
quod
sunt,
imagines
litteris,
26,
and
et
Recollect.
208
kind of
I likewise
the
air
Friedlander,
manda-
conparare.
auream conlocemus,
^
certain
with the
be that, reminded
the backgrounds in
lastingly in our
acquaintance
impress
of
the
images,
while
Further, backgrounds
et
medio-
nostra
com-
modissimam
distinctionem
conparare.
possit.
et
34
veneno
ponemus
material as well as of the words.
*
heart
(the digitus
medicinalis), where
;
Domitium
cum
naturalem
the
of the most
brevitas
praeceptionis.
35
Nunc,
quoniam
solet
excitare, qua de causa
accidere
nisi
quod
usitatae
res
facile
e
quod ea
desiderat id
**
some
images
are
strong
and
sharp
and
we generally
we
com-
source of wonder
caeno
haberent, ne
quid in
Nam
ut
saepe,
How
meagre
dixisse
videamur.
De
quinta
parte
fuit
exemplis
uti,
nostris
exemplis
necessario
libris nihil
postulat dixerimus,
persolvemus.
Sed
facilius
nostram
4
(only
the
final
old
rhetoric,
the ancients
Quare
pudor
^
is.
Hence
one
from
examples
must
else
et
sit
nee
omnia
intellegit
et
idonea
maxime
eligit
Cicero,
On
to imitate
and
whets
the
the art.
If this
approval,
because
they
cannot
know
where
that
which
especially
delights
exemplis
uti.
4
Haec
illi
cum
probandam
quod
aliquid
suum
scribunt,
curriculum
descen-
derunt,
illos
artificii
elaborent
sisonis
I
to
by
some
by
reason
Greeks
speak
at
all
? But
should
himself
stand
ed.,
Leipzig,
1915,
No.
420.
235
33
(1),
away
from
Rhodes
that
witnesses
of
his
writers whose
birds
ed.
Cf.
also
faciatis, non
support of
the law
by which
can
and
ought
to
vestra manu
si
sententias
 
tragedies
that
your
it,
you
would
is
qui
dicunt
alienis
exemplis
Nunc quae
oportere
been
—to
win
esteem
as
worthy
themselves
Against the
90-3, Antonius
;
cum
ipse
prae-
ceptor
artis
omnia
penes
unum
Laelio,
necesse erit eum qui discet
putare ab
omnibus omnia,
cuius
esse
potuisse
in
omnibus
duorum, sed ab omnibus
omnia
omnia
unum
the
following
he will
to
find
all
Thus, when
could have been taken only from them all, and
that
barely
a
qualities
possessed
by
all
all
qualities
from
one
author
alone.
poets, is a sign that they themselves have not believed
that any one
the
ridiculum
9
dicunt
education;
see
Hans
employ
the
argu-
ment
that
no
own
begging a few
ridiculous.
the
Academic
grains
which
omnium
rigare
;
 
sculptors of Greece.
Polycleitus
fl.
450-420
B.C.
Rhetoricians
Dionysius
Halic,
Be
Imit.
6
are
themselves
parched
with
drought
would
Chares
see
the
master
better taught by
non esset,
proprie
widespread
in
disguise
touched
lightly,
so
be
obvious.
In
one must cite
the pattern
would have
be
mine,
^
figuras appellamus, in
et
usitatissimam
but
the
kinds
of
below (Cicero's term,
Composition
(ovvOeais),
To Cicero {Orator
Peripatetic)
concept,
(modicum) for
ii
theory
to
turn
show what
11
VIII.
yet not
of the
A.
Korte,
Hermes
64
[1929].
80,
[Berlin,
1913],
p.
4,
note
1,
and
(see
virt. die,
see
especially
1946,
p.
three
styles
arbitrary.
19),
Antithesis
(xv.
21),
Interrogation
(xv.
22),
Paronomasia
(xxiii.
32),
Surrender
(xxix.
39
habebunt,
de
matremfamilias
ex
alieno
cris, diiectis
quo modo
parison
putant
Sitzungsber.
Heidel-
berg.
Akad.
arentur, cum
officio manere intellegerent
gentes, reges,
see against
whom we
us
to
preserve
our
empire
our allies
neighbours on
a question
?
'
exempla
accident facile
necessum
est.
*
ab ignoto
praeter consuetudinem
kept
figure
here
The
sentiments
are
from the
fortunes of
their own
They
must,
have
had
which
following
Then, just as
;
more,
in
a
into the matter.'
grand
style
middle style.
pedagogi lites
exhausto
rubore,
qui
poterant.
sectemur, in
frequented meeting-
place for
his
dignity
 
use of the demonstrative iste for hie or is, the
262
his
to
a
one arrangement
type, another
again belongs
of
comedy
in
ita
petulans
est
a factual,
Cf.
Longinus,
De
Suhlim.,
ch.
3,
and
Horace,
Ars
Poet.
24-8.
profecti sunt aberrarunt,
unreal, and
condition
in
diction
more
native
land
will
not
have
destroyed
at an
adjacent type,
;
crimes see H.
the
stvle
pedire. Id est
^
hinc adiutores
Solent
Non potest huiusmodi sermo tenere
adtentum
auditorem
eonprehendens perfectis verbis
et
exsangue
 
et
;
tenuatum, dignitate adficiunt exornationes,
 
above. If
vary
the
the
middle,
and
then
again
interchange
them,
us
now
seem to
under Taste
See
Stroux,
De
Theophrasti
virt.
die,
pp.
22-3,
64-7.
the
syntax.
269
ea quae
of
a
tract
on
Grammar
literature of
: the Solecism
occurs if
the con-
it in a group of
words is faulty. A barbarism occurs if
the verbal
Clarity
discourse.*
makes the
style harsh
Plato [in his earher
;
exemplo
—nam
hie
nihil
prohibet
^
thou
tookest
those
terrible
troubles
(fragm.
108,
tr.
Warmington)
might
have
been
preceded
by
illustrate
considering
faults,
nothing
forbids
me
to
use
poet
;
<*
words
with
like
evident,
eodem
verbo
War
necessary (Cicero,
Orator 69.
Preface
to
Book
we
opposed
this
kind
of
domination ;
Xe^ecos
Fortunatianus,
3.
10
(Halm,
pp.
126-7),
the gram-
speaker.
These
vices
of
to
conferring
Distinction
upon
of Thought.^ '^It
itself.
A
figure
axqiia-ra.
tropes and figures,
of
1,
in
Halm,
pp.
59-60;
Conversio est
per quam
°
226)
delivered
c.
91
B.C.
in
the
face
the forum, within the
? You do
you are
? Dare you
of the
rogas,
tuae libidini
postremum rever-
ruperunt.^
sed
Adv.
Cles.
198
is
asking
Again:
you
follows :
waged
would you
 
from
a
debate
Elder and
tarn
tur
inimicus?
tibi vide-
21
Ex
altera
multas
dabit
curas?
 
propositae sunt non inopia verborum fit ut ad idem
verbum redeatur
right
to
speak
? You
go
prattling
 
'^
should
bring
me
joy—
elegance
something
rebus oratio
es otiosus;
nomen
splendori
which is a
to
you
are
war ;
in
war,
cowardice endure
or
indignation
by
splendour
11. 305
distant city.
mentorum reliquiae maneant.
calumniis
adsumpsistis
facultatem
 
a nobis
has in
Hellas.
After
M.
to pass, Fregellae
revolted and was
*
Assigned by
see
also
9.
of
to the
not,
needful
to
employ
the reason for every
Q.
Varius
Hybrida,
speaking
de
maiestate
(90
B.C.);
9. 3.
from
Analogy),
vene-
ficii
quoque
necesse est earn, quae suum corpus
addixerit turpis-
Virum,
intem-
perans
libido
commovere
putaverunt.
Quid?
52
[1924].
335).
of Marcus Cato,
poisoning.
Why ?
Because,
fear
infamy of her
em-
poisoning ?
That
she
was
lust.
Furthermore,
if
a
woman's
soul
not con-
any king
est
aut
Mx.
well
holds
happens
or
ought
to
not
the brevity of
Cum
enim
teneri.
to the sway of
all fly
For when
of Euripides (fragm.
a Stoic
XVIII.
Contrarium
est
quod
fuerit
semper,
eum
quomodo
alienis
cum
conventu
in
campo
26
brevem et
absolutam conclusionem,
of
opinion
Reasoning
by
Contraries;
who
292
one so as
learned, a
complete
rounding-off,
invention
way
is in turn supple-
enemy. That is
but it is
have
terrified
your
adversaries.
Again:
 You
its
use :
41,
disapproves
<=
295
et
conlocarit
the
Period
is
strikes
27
A
Period
a Maxim
upon virtue than
:
 
lest she
in
ex
pari
(c/.
also
Alliteration,
4.
xii.
18
prise
can produce
fortune,
but
by one
bene utuntur
plerumque simul
of
Homoeoptoton
and
Homoeoteleuton
see
Karl
Polheim,
Die
lateinische
Reimprosa,
Berlin,
1925,
pp.
 
*
 
makes
a
display
in
be
con-
ferro
statim
vincit
;
 
«^
fi .,
in words
and periods.
prefer
to
submit
to
love.
Hae
in
quibus-
dam
verbis
quaedam
saying attributed to
on
and
30
yet
are
not
dissimilar.
one
added
and
do
not
employ
do not suspect him.
wants,
why
he
has
come,
who
fellow-citizens,
law ; see note
on 4. iii.
Oceanum Macedonum
com-
civitatis
Greek,
that,
unlike
Alexander's
with fame
the Mace-
^
Gaius
Gracchus
and staunch patriot.
 
in political power, and
auctoritas
fastidiosissimum. Quomodo
igitur, si
crebro his
L.
except
Seneca,
Octavia
882-9,
in
Drusus
are
308
to be
word
endings,
and
the
and
pains.
XXIII.
style
gives
offence
because
time,
the senses.<^ If, then,
we crowd these figures
our
style
agreeably
judicial or
deliberative oratory.
revertetur ?
left to him ? But his father's goods were sold. Has
some bequest come to
;
by
all
a
huge
not
which
not
even
their
enemies
lived before your
you.
Or
^^^ll
he
enumerate
will
produce
was
an
agreement
by
the
quoad
possem,
to the controversia
what
has
been
it disgraceful
even
exist
in
old
moved pity?
figure we refer
small band.
to keep
them on
?
Quintilian,
9.
.3.
90,
there
adjudged
of
diction
verbum descenditur
non ipse facere
brevi
:
 
*
cf. Aquila Romanus
this
to
make
make
the
motion
;
survives,
if
those
men
if
without
counselling
it
I
to
persuade
the
Thebans.
Cf.
Bom.
10.
14;
neque brevius
Quintilian,
Prodicus'
Correct
Use
reponit, hoc pacto
aliquis,
?
 
id erit
cam
made, and
of thought;
without
which has
an
ordinary
rei nee verbi
aut non
dicimus,
hoc
modo
si
militaris
rem
pertinere
puto.
occupatus
rapinas
non
irapa-
aiioTTrjoLS,
grace
neither
of
the
thought
nor
if
I
thought
this
the
right
time.
trial.
it
is
of
greater
advantage
Of
no
aid
to
by
middle, but at the
as
follows
end,
as
follows :
we
cloy ; Con-
junction is
disease.
tionis aut
verborum iteratio, hoc modo
conspectum,
proditor
:
 
sententiae inter
of
the
body.
Synonymy
I
Item:
re
stultus
convertantur.
niam difficile
est hoc
genus exornationis
intellectum,
in dicendo
as
I
^
reason
you
should
be
silent
One
can-
matter
to
another's
will,
*
3 (346
nostrum
venisse.
emptio nulla
 
suffered
exceedingly
to
this
nrgumeniorum
{enmneratio),
XXX. Dissolutum est quod,
obsequere amicis, obtempera legibus.
domi
Conclusio
occultatio,
4.
xxvii.
37
above).
With
the
sunt
in
conferatur.
aut
satis
idoneum
non
sit,
eam
nosmet
idoneo
verbo
of
separated
applied in another
but does not
that are
novitate,
sed
potest
appellari
quod pro
certo nomine
appellata.
Id
loquens
eum
appellet
superiore
inventore conficitur E.
figure, Pronominatio.
Antonomasia
I
your Sir Swash-
suggesting
the
object
meant,
but
not
called
by
its
^
this kind
would
be
too
bold
for
saying
id
quod
contine-
has
done
something
people,
of
designated.
Container
will
be
designated
the power
speaker had
extruere numerum, ut
perfecte et perpolitissime
magnitudinem
solis
to you
;
from the
nouns they
4. xix.
Rhythm
3.
11
(1413
a),
says
that
the
use
unum pectus et unus
from
the
of
his
marriage?
the
whole,
the
^
organ,
(507
a
19).
et
in quandam
propter simili-
tudinem recte
necessity
or
because
it
translatio,
the
subtype
45
Catachresis
have been
XXXIV.
Metaphor
Meta-
phor
of creating a vivid
of avoiding
as
follows:
great help
addressing Aeschines
to say-
law
tudinem, argumentum, eontrarium.
augendi aut minuendi
quod
Lindemann
of
of
the
Con-
servatives.
They
not
comparison,
a
com-
together,
form
of
argument
when
object in
a
spendthrift
and
voluptuary
first
metaphor
operating through a comparison,
4. xxxi. 42 above.
Trop.,
in
Walz
de
verborum
exornationibus.
47
res aut
hunc
oderit
maximas
poenas
supplicio vobis
homines impios
hominibus istiusmodi conparatae. Item:
et
probare.
Et :
Anchises,
his
father.
 
Diction. Now the subject
body have
not be,
through his
must
prove
to
courts.
Sulla
restored
the
toris cum iure
vereri aut metuere debemus
 
rem fugere
 
B.C. (or
—
and
embraces
48
XXXVI.
It
 
your in-
of
;
thanks
eyes, and
demonstrate most vividly the
the
349
condemnassetis,
ne
crudeles
existimaremini ?
Dum
earn
vitatis
vituperationem,
quae
longe
a
vobis
erat
afutura,
eam
rei
publicae
perniciem,
retinetis
a speech
amplius
(cognoscendum).
Renewals
had
by
w
feeble
amicitia,
tametsi
shall
add
examples
and
gentle
mis-
been kept
hope, in your fatuity
rather than
be an example :
men of the
say, I
to
consider
your
doing, men of Athens,
defend yourselves,
by recklessly
demonstravimus,
duplici
ratione
tractabitur :
acri-
imita-
tur
licentiam
et
sua
spontest
ad
patrimonium reliquit. Hie quoque vitatum est
ne
of arrogant
seemed arrogant.
both
to
avoid
envy
and
to
secure
praise.
Again:
of Manius Aquilius,
and by
many witnesses.
sequentium continet
dentes in
tum
dimiseritis,
in
vosmet
sententiam
huius
adulescentia
 
3. 3
'
antipathy.
Therefore
defendant, immediately, like
**
a
life,
Therefore,
men
hope
deprived
of
their
father's
voluntas
necessitudine
et
benivolentia
coniunxit
distrahuntur
 
as
Quirites
above.
Cf.
also
into
slavery,
and
those
or free choice
torn from
by words,
captive the
children and
deep-girdled women
explicat,
et
brevi
duabus
posita
ratio
in
figure
a
reason
sub-
now
reproach
division with
topics
to
be
more parts,
more
He is the
betrayer of his
own self-respect, and
the waylayer of
maxima
occultandi
et
perficiendi
maleficii
est in eo
Part.
summary
of
circumstantial
evidence)
according
to
the
principles
set
forth
et
aliud
atque
aliud
re.
sententia semper ut
pro patria studiose
quamvis in magnam
apertum
cinationem aut
sum
patriae
what
be
done.
this,
too,
clarity,
to
continue
the
same
ex-
suscitationem,
cum
et
studiosissime
scio vobis
bitur
fate,
for
the
received
these
blessings ?
form of Arousal,'*
thus
would
not
heap
eager
him
most
wise,
a
republic eagerly undertakes and gladly
undergoes
56
any
danger,
my
part,
my
desire
to
greater than
shall vary the
same theme,
borum cui
et
sententiarum.
simplex multiplici ratione tractetur
et eum
quem debent
honorem rei
in 2. xix. 28 ff. This is our oldest extant
illustration
theme
be
since
is to be
regarded as severe./
act foolishly
:
 
not
a
to
hesitate
to
give
to
295
flung
himself
upon
the
weapons
of
the
brought
name
of
to
is he who in a crisis of
the
time
goes
on.'^
cum causam
exercendo
rationes
in
Aristotle,
Rhet.
of us ? To
security of
types,
skill
to
put
discussed
'^
exile
(4.
xi.
Poet.,
ch.
7
(1450
common
triad
in
post-Aristotelian
rhetoric.
is
this
difference :
the
exhausted
modo:
non posse
virtutem sine
similitudinis
verbo.
60
XLVII.
presented
in
the
to
that
virtue
is presented
in the
of the Comparison.
form—
as
follows
foot-
race,
you
so that,
extending yourself
by will
but if
tilian, 5.
acerbissimam
magnis
abundabit,
et
in-
lustris
beyond the ^oal,
The Comparison
is moreover
in
and
intermingled
in
the
presentation.
A
parallel,
purple
a
golden
crown
set
a
personal
beauty,
presence,
a
should
be
richer his adornment and the higher the hopes he has
raised. In the
other
advantages,
the
embellishing
both
381
tionem,
animantes
et
inanimas,
et
eloquentes,
his
aliquam
aut
docere
aut
apertiorem
rem
facere
est
similis
drawn
from
real
Comparison
(see
8
(1429
a-
1430
a),
and
Quintilian,
5.
3. v.
[cf.
3.
iii.
is
pre-
carefully
see
to
likeness.
us in
are with
us in
eyes everything
animate and
by art,
unusual, and
or
clarifying
or
is
laudis
acerrimi
simili.
Vituperationis,
ut
of Valerius Maximus'
of drawing
384
specimens
of
for
its
praise or censure.
tacitus, cum domo totus ut
comedatur
effingitur verbis
intelle-
vobis in memoriam redire.
L.
Notatio
^
Phrygia;
who
drank
439-41
Quintilian,
graceful, if fashioned
Oratore
3.
53.
204.
Cf.
pecuniosi
describere,
ego
novi—
vos
non
aurem aut ut
number :
naturae
isdem fundamentis
;
dominum iam
^
rascal had
Tusculan
have commenced an insane
64
LI.
to
meet
on
that
very
day.
As
with his
He
says
aloud
to
he
coverings, and
friends with the loan of his largest mansion for a
wedding. The boy
shall
be
content
with
S
ami
an.'
talked
a
undertook
to
illustrate,
man, or the
of
in
driving
the misfortunes of
He
shall
of
thine own tasks.
pity.
And
do
you,
in
by
mv
death,
of
Nonne omnes
hac utentur
informis fit eloquens,
?
'
of
Personification.
Cf.
suspicione relinquit
more
^
the excerpts,
and pay
quiddam tacito
Viris Illustrihus,
Vita Horatii, and to the freedman father of Bion of Borys-
thenes (first half, third century
B.C.),
in
^
forearm.
;
post
Id fieri
against
Philip;
actual
oration,
perhaps
(
see A.
von Domaszewski,
B.C. by the
ire
celerius
coepit.
idem
facere.
Cum
multitude,
At iste,
spumans ex
porrigens,
69
et
suavitatem
habere
nesciunt quam
133
B.C.
by
product of your
progress,
and
because
the Introduction and
Achilles, 34 n., 134 n., 385
n.
36G
adnominatio.
See
paronomasia,
n.
Aesopus,
n. ; and anomaly,
speaking, 169-173, in
articulus, figure of diction,
xx-xxi;
his
depultus, 264
direct
106;
410
exsuperatio,
means
culpation,
45,
101
fication Ciracundia),
394
Julius
(Caesar),
Sextus,
93
juridical
issue,
35,
43-49,
85,
89,
91-105
justice,
subhead
of
the
Right,
163,
topics,
165,
quality
nominatio,
trope,
332-334
298
n.
206,
portrayal, figure of
stance,
in
epideictic,
283,
315,335
in
logy,
fC.,
344,
387,
389
theory,
means
parono-
masia,
303-305
Thrasymachus,
169-173, in epideictic,
n.
Zethus,
137
428
268,
270
oTjiiilov,
GO,
70,
71
(f>o?,
232; di'd/xara
BICHARD CLAY AND
Hubbell.
SoMNrcM Scipionis.
Ligabio,
Pbo
Pbo
Roscio
CuBTius,
Q.:
Nepos. J.
Gellius,
J.
C.
Rolfe.
Fairclough.
Jebome:
Selected
LUCAN.
J.
D.
Duff.
LucBETius.
Homer: Odyssey.
VoK
IX.
H.
Feldiiian,
Julian.
Wilmer
Cave
Lycophron.
Cf
X.
F.
H,