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AP WORLD HISTORYCHAPTER 17
Echoes of Revolution(1750-1914)
The Abolition of Slavery
1780 – 1890 = slavery lost its legitimacy and was largely ended
Multiple strands of anti-slavery thinking: Secular = slavery is a violation of natural
rights and the ideas of liberty and equality
Religious = slavery is a moral; a “crime in the sight of God”
Economic = slavery is not necessary for economic progress; countries can be successful with paid labor
Political = slavery is unwise because obviously slaves aren’t content and could rise up and revolt
The Abolition of Slavery
Most powerful abolitionist movements = in Britain
Growing pressure on the government to take action techniques included: Pamphlets featuring
descriptions of slavery Petitions to Parliament Lawsuits Boycotts of slave-produced
sugar Public meetings most of which
featured testimony of former slaves
Public Meeting Featuring an Abolitionist Speaker
The Abolition of Slavery
1807 = Britain ended the sale of slaves within its empire
1834 = Britain freed all remaining slaves
British naval vessels patrolled the Atlantic, intercepted illegal slave ships, and freed the people on board
Other countries followed suit over the next half century
Resistance to Abolition
Abolition was not easyPlantation owners =
fiercely resisted the efforts of abolitionists
Both European and African slave traders also resisted abolitionists
Most intense resistance to abolition and persistence of slavery = in the southern United States Took a WAR to end slavery!
Effects of Abolition
Economic and political lives of former slaves = did not improve dramatically at all
Often could not find work or found work, but were paid VERY little
No political equality in many places, former slaves couldn’t vote and had to live with harsh segregation laws
Former slaves had to deal with persistent racism, discrimination, and violence
AP WORLD HISTORYCHAPTER 17
Nations and Nationalism(1750-1914)
What is a Nation?
A “state” = political territory that does not necessarily coincide with the culture of a certain group of people
For most of world history, people have been organized into great empires or smaller states like this These entities governed culturally diverse
societiesA “nation” = has a distinct culture and
territory and deserves an independent political life Citizens of a nation = feel connected to their
fellows by ties of blood, culture, or common experience
Not simply common subjects of a ruling dynasty
What did Nationalism Inspire?
1871 = the political unification of Italy and Germany
Greeks and Serbs = asserted their independence from the Ottoman Empire
Czechs and Hungarians = demanded more independence within the Austrian Empire
Poles and Ukrainians = became more aware of their oppression within the Russian Empire
Irish = sought separation from Great BritainEuropean Jews = sought a homeland in
Palestine
Results of Nationalism
Intensified rivalries between European states
Fueled a highly competitive drive for colonies in Asia and Africa
One of the leading causes of World War I
Different Versions of Nationalism
“Civic Nationalism” = the nation is a particular territory and people of various cultural backgrounds can assimilate into the dominant culture Example: “becoming American”
Other versions = defined the nation in racial terms, which excluded those who did not share common ancestry Example: Germany expelling all
“non-German”, especially Jewish people
Europe around 1880
AP WORLD HISTORYCHAPTER 17
Feminist Beginnings(1750-1914)
Feminist Beginnings
Feminist movements took shape mostly in Europe and North America
Believed revolutionary ideas of liberty and equality applied to women also
First organized women’s rights conference = in Seneca Falls, NY in 1848 Leading feminist and speaker
= Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Major Goals of the Feminist Movement
Access to schools and universities
Access to more professions
Suffrage (the right to vote) 1893 = New Zealand is the
first country to grant all women the right to vote
1920 = 19th Amendment passed in the U.S.
Most countries did not grant female suffrage until after WWI
Some Accomplishments of the Movement
Increased entrance to universities and increasing women’s literacy rates
Many U.S. states passed laws to let women control and manage their own property and wages
Increased access to professions Medicine opened to a few Teaching Social work (invented by Jane
Addams) Nursing (professionalized by
Florence Nightingale)
Opposition to Feminism
Many viewed feminists as selfish and willing to sacrifice their families and/or the nation in order to pursue individual goals
Some argued: the strains of education and life in the world outside the home would cause reproductive damage Result: it would depopulate the
nation
What many believed women should keep doing