ATP, Photosynthesis, & Cellular Respiration

Chapter 9 Notes

9.1 Notes9.1 Notes

What is ATP? What is ATP?

ATP is the high energy organic ATP is the high energy organic molecule used by all cells to molecule used by all cells to perform their daily functions.perform their daily functions.

ATP stands for ADENOSINE ATP stands for ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE!TRIPHOSPHATE!

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What is the structure of ATP?

ATP consists of an adenine molecule, a ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups

(draw in notes from the board)

What Does ATP Do for You?What Does ATP Do for You?

It supplies YOU withIt supplies YOU with ENERGY!ENERGY!

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Where is the energy found in the ATP molecule?

The energy in ATP is stored in the bonds between the phosphate

molecules!

Chemical Bond Demonstration!• Chemical bonds are like stretched rubber bands

– They are full of potential energy and when you release the rubber band all of that energy is released!

How do you release that energy? How do you release that energy?

• Breaking the Breaking the high-energy high-energy bonds between bonds between the last two the last two phosphates phosphates releases the releases the energy so the energy so the cell can use it!cell can use it!

What breaks the bond? What breaks the bond?

-An enzyme called ATPase An enzyme called ATPase breaks the bond breaks the bond

- When a phosphate is removed - When a phosphate is removed from ATP the molecule ADP from ATP the molecule ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is (adenosine diphosphate) is formed and energy is releasedformed and energy is released

So now we have a bunch of ADP in the So now we have a bunch of ADP in the cell. But the cell needs a constant supply cell. But the cell needs a constant supply

of energy which it gets from ATP!!!! of energy which it gets from ATP!!!!

So how do we remake ATP from So how do we remake ATP from ADP?ADP?

Another enzyme called Another enzyme called ATPsynthase is used which puts ATPsynthase is used which puts the phosphate back on!the phosphate back on!

ATP to ADP Cycle

• Draw From Board

ATP is made all of the time ATP is made all of the time in cellsin cells

- The process that The process that makes ATP is called makes ATP is called Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

- Cellular respiration Cellular respiration occurs in both occurs in both plants & animalsplants & animals

ATP to ADP Cartoon Activity

• Read the information and follow the instructions.

• Use the example on the board as a guide

• Color your cartoon.

9.2 Notes: Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is one of the most important

chemical reactions on our planet

What is Photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction process that

autotrophs like plants must do to make the sugar glucose.

Glucose is then used to make ATP in cellular respiration

Defining Photosynthesis

• It is the process of changing light energy into chemical energy

–The chemical energy is the carbohydrate (sugar) glucose

The equation for the chemical reaction of photosynthesis

• DRAW from board into notes

• Photosynthesis happens in the chloroplasts of plants

• The green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs light energy is the main pigment in chloroplasts

Where does photosynthesis happen?

Diagram of key parts in photosynthesis draw from board

Why is photosynthesis important?

1) It provides plants with glucose

2) Animals eat the plants which supplies animals with glucose - Plants are the first step in the energy pyramid

3) The oxygen released during photosynthesis is used by all living things to do aerobic respiration

4) It removes carbon dioxide form the atmosphere and keeps the carbon cycle in balance

Waterweed Simulation Lab

• What factors affect photosynthesis?

• Measuring amount of photosynthesis by counting the bubbles of oxygen produced by waterweed (elodea plant)

• Looking at three factors: – Light color– Light intensity– Carbon dioxide levels

Notes 9.3 Cellular respiration

Cellular respiration is the process of making ATP from glucose.

What is Cellular Respiration?

Once glucose is acquired either by photosynthesis or consuming other

organisms, an organism has to transform the glucose energy into a

form that can be used by the organism called called ATP. This process is

called cellular respiration

Facts about Cellular Respiration1) It is the breakdown of glucose molecules to

make ATP

2) Takes place in all living things

3) May use oxygen - called AEROBIC Respiration– Very efficient makes 36 ATP per glucose

4) May not use oxygen – called ANAEROBIC respiration– Not efficient: only 2 ATP per glucose

Facts about Aerobic respiration

1) Must have oxygen!

2) Very efficient – best way to make ATP because it makes a net of 36 ATP!

3) Must have mitochondria to do it!

What is the chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

• Draw from board

Steps in Aerobic Cellular Respiration What Where Oxygen

needed?# of net

ATP

1. Glycolysis cytoplasm Anaerobic

NO!

2

2. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs

Cycle)

mitochondria Aerobic

YES!

2

3. Electron transport

chain (E.T.C.)

mitochondria Aerobic

YES!

32

Total ATP produced

36

What happens during aerobic respiration?

• Draw from board

But what happens if no oxygen is present, our cells run out of oxygen

or an organism doesn’t have mitochondria like bacteria?

Without oxygen, cells have to make ATP anaerobically in ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION also called FERMENTATION!

Facts about Anaerobic Respiration

1) Only way organisms like yeast (a eukaryote) and bacteria (prokaryotes) can make ATP!

2) No oxygen required!

3) Very inefficient – only 2 ATP produced instead of 36!

4) Another term for anaerobic respiration is FERMENTATION

Facts about Fermentation

Type 1) Lactic acid fermentation- happens in our muscle cells run out of oxygen– Produces only 2 ATP– Produces painful buildup of lactic acid in our cells

Type 2) Alcoholic fermentation – done by yeast and one way to make beer and wine. – Produces carbon dioxide (beer bubbles) and

alcohols– Produces only 2 ATP