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CHAPTER 7

SYNTHETIC MATERIALS IN

INDUSTRY

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7.1: Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers: artificial polymers

Elastomers

Thermoplastics

Thermosets

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Uses of Synthetic polymers

Synthetic rubber:

-Balloon

-Gloves

-Tyres-Engine belts

Synthetic fibre:

(Nylon, Polyester)

-Fabric

Plastic:

(PVC,

Polystyrene - foam,Epoxy resin)

-Toy

-Plastic cups-Furniture

-Food packaging

-High-strength glue

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Synthetic Rubber

http://www.toolspot.co.uk/product/100pc-plastic-disposable-gloves

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Synthetic fibre

Polyester

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Plastics

Toys

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Process of Making Synthetic Polymers

Polymerisation: monomers bound together to

form polymers

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Polymerisation Reaction

Addition

polymerisation

Condensation

polymerisation

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Addition

polymerisation

Not produce by-products

Monomer + monomer + . Polymer

Example: PVCs

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Condensation

polymerisation

Produce by-products

Monomer + monomer + . Polymer + Small molecule

Example: Nylon, polystyrene

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Synthetic Rubber

Characteristics:

1.Elastic2.Resistant to heat,

Water, oil

Uses:

1.Balloon

2.Glove

3.Raincoat

4.Engine parts

5.Teat milk bottle

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7.2: Plastics

Plastics Characteristics uses

PVC:

polyvinylchloride

Tough, flexible,

cheap, easyprint on it

Identification

card

Polystyrene Foam/ rigid,

clean,lightweight,

water resistant

Food container,

toys

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Plastics Characteristics uses

Polythene Low density

High density

Plastic

container,

plastic bag

Polyamide

(nylon)

Water resistant Bristle of

toothbrush,

clothing, ropes,

carpets

NylonPolythene

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Plastics Characteristics uses

Polyethyleneterephthalate

(PET)

Recyclable Bottles

Polyurethane Strong,lightweight Wheel ofskateboard

PET

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lilit.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lilit.jpg

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Thermoplastics & Thermosetting Plastics

Thermoplastics Thermosetting plastics

Soft when heated Blister when heated

Can remoulded Cannot remoulded

recyclable Non-recyclable

unbreakable Brittle

Ex: Mineral bottle, plastic

bag

Ex: Melamine plate, mugs,

covering of electric

appliances, adhesive

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Thermoplastics

http://www.starpackinc.com/BagsPlastic_Bags.html

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Thermosetting plastics

Melamine plate

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Disposal of Plastics Materials

Dispose into river: clog sewer system

Dispose into sea: Contaminated sea

Hazard marine life

Plastic take long time to disintegrate

Burning: toxic gas

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Proper manage

Reduce Recycle

Reuse Proper wastedisposal

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7.3: Responsible Attitudes in the Disposal of

synthetic Polymers

Using degradable synthetic polymer

Cannot decompose in landfills

Non-biodegrable (cannot decompose by microorganism)

Incineration with energy recovery

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What you can do to help

Donate to charities: toys

Reduce the need to throw away: plastic bag

Choose product with minimal packaging

Sort garbage: plastic, paper, glass, aluminium