BELL WORK 11-13-07

Name the two groups that fought during the Civil War

Which side was winning the war from 1861-1863?

Which side was winning the war from 1863-1865?

Who ultimately won the war? USE YOUR NOTES!!!!!!!!!!

AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

1861-1865

Fort Sumter, 1861

the site where the shots initiating the American Civil War were fired

On December 26,1860, five days after South Carolina declared its secession, U.S Army Major Robert Anderson abandoned the indefensible Fort Moultrie and secretly relocated his two companies

The Fort was not yet complete at the time and fewer than half of the cannons that should have been there were available due to military downsizing by James Buchanan

On April 12. 1861, at 4:30 a.m., Confederate batteries opened fire, firing for 34 straight hours, on the fort.

On April 13, the fort surrendered and was evacuated.

Fort Sumter

The First Battle of Bull Run 1861

the first major land battle of the American Civil War, fought on July 21, 1861, near Manassas, Virginia.

Inexperienced Union Army troops under General Irvin McDowell advanced across Bull Run against the equally inexperienced Confederate Army under Generals. Joseph E. Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard, and despite the Union's early successes, they were routed and forced to retreat back to Washington, D.C.

The First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln

was harassed by impatient politicians and citizens in Washington, who wished to see a quick battlefield victory over the Confederate Army in northern Virginia.

McDowell, however, was concerned about the untried nature of his army

Against his better judgment, McDowell commenced campaigning.

Battle of Antietam 1862

fought on September 17,1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek

was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil

It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties

Battle of Antietam

Although outnumbered two-to-one, Lee committed his entire force, while McClellan sent in less than three-quarters of his army, enabling Lee to fight

During the night, both armies consolidated their lines Despite ample reserve forces that could have

been deployed to exploit localized successes, McClellan failed to destroy Lee's army.

Lee's invasion of Maryland was ended, and he was able to withdraw his army back to Virginia without interference from the cautious McClellan

Battle of Vicksburg, 1863

the final significant battle in the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War.

Union Major General Ulysses S. Grant and his Army of Tennessee crossed the Mississippi River and drove the Confederate army of Lt. General John C. Pemberton into defensive lines surrounding the fortress city of Vicksburg, Mississippi

Grant overwhelmed the city from May 18 to July, 4,1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union.

Battle of Gettysburg 1863

The Battle of Gettysburg July 1- July 3, 1863 fought in, and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

the battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War

Lee led his army through the Shenandoah Valley for his second invasion of the North, hoping to influence Northern politicians to give up their prosecution of the war.

Gettysburg

On the third day of battle, July 3, fighting resumed the main event was a dramatic infantry assault by 12,500

Confederates against the center of the Union line on Cemetery Ridge

Pickett’s Charge was repulsed by Union rifle and artillery fire at great losses to the Confederate army

Between 46,000 and 51,000 Americans were casualties in the three-day battle.

That November, President Lincoln used the dedication ceremony for the Gettysburg National Cemetery to honor the fallen and redefine the purpose of the war in his historic Gettysburg Address.