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Prepared for
The Boeing Company
N 6th St
Renton, WA 98057
Boeing Renton Factory
Source Investigation Study
Sampling Plan
Renton, WA
Prepared by
920 SW Sixth, Suite 600
Portland, OR 97204
Project Number: PNW0434B
September 2020
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan ii September 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Objectives ................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Background and Regulatory Context ......................................................... 2
1.3 Study Area ................................................................................................ 2
2 NEED FOR SOURCE INVESTIGATION ............................................................... 3
2.1 Source Investigation Sampling Locations .................................................. 4
2.2 Parameters to be Sampled ......................................................................... 6
3 SAMPLING PROTOCOL ........................................................................................ 6
3.1 Health and Safety ...................................................................................... 7
3.1.1 Field Safety ................................................................................... 7
3.2 Event Criteria and Goals ........................................................................... 8
3.2.1 Storm Event Criteria ...................................................................... 8
3.2.2 Dry Event Criteria ......................................................................... 8
3.3 Sampling Methods .................................................................................... 8
3.3.1 Determining Flow in Dry Events ................................................... 8
3.3.2 Grab Samples ................................................................................ 9
3.3.3 Field Measurements .................................................................... 10
3.3.4 Field Duplicates .......................................................................... 10
3.4 De-mobilization ...................................................................................... 11
4 ANALYTICAL SUITE .......................................................................................... 11
5 REPORTING ......................................................................................................... 12
6 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 13
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan iii September 2020
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Site Overview .............................................................................................. 16
Figure 2: Current Storm Drain Network Overview ...................................................... 17
Figure 3: Proposed Treatment Areas ............................................................................ 18
Figure 4: Proposed Sampling Locations Overview ...................................................... 19
Figure 5: Proposed Sampling Locations, Northern Side ............................................... 20
Figure 6: Proposed Sampling Locations, Southern Side ............................................... 21
LIST OF ATTACHMENTS
Attachment A: Field Note Forms
Attachment B: Data Quality Assurance and Control
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 1 September 2020
1 INTRODUCTION
The Boeing Company’s (Boeing’s) Renton Factory (Site) is responding to a 2019
Industrial Stormwater General Permit (ISGP) Level 2 corrective action trigger related to
elevated turbidity measurements at the Site’s Outfall 004. Due to a previously planned
construction project which will reconfigure the drainage areas to several outfalls at the
Site, including Outfall 004 (Apron R Project), Boeing is choosing to implement a Level 3
corrective action rather than the required Level 2 corrective action. As part of the
requirements for a Level 3 corrective action, Boeing is required to submit an Engineering
Report for approval by the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology).
In addition, Boeing is proposing two additional studies to inform the design and
maintenance requirements of the proposed corrective action. This document, which
presents a sampling plan for a source investigation at the Site, represents one of those
proposed studies.
This sampling plan is meant to inform and verify Boeing’s understanding of the sources
of turbidity in discharges to Outfall 004, the substantially similar Outfall 003, and other
nearby drainage basins. As such, this plan includes details on sampling protocols,
parameters to be measured, and documentation of field activities.
1.1 Objectives
Data collected as part of this project will include both wet and dry weather samples, which
will be used to characterize and determine the origin of turbidity and total suspended
solids (TSS) in stormwater discharges from the Site.
Specific objectives of the investigation are to:
• Inform and confirm Boeing’s understanding of the hydrological process in this
area of the Site;
• Identify turbidity source areas and further assess the relationship between iron,
TSS, and turbidity;
• Locate hot spots for groundwater intrusion, which, if identified, Boeing may
choose to mitigate with future capital improvement projects;
• Verify that the treatment BMPs identified in this Engineering Report are in areas
that would be effective at reducing turbidity at the outfall;
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 2 September 2020
• Inform Boeing’s understanding of turbidity loading to the proposed treatment
BMPs, thereby informing necessary maintenance intervals.
1.2 Background and Regulatory Context
The Site’s stormwater discharges are covered under the ISGP (WAR000232), which, at
the time the corrective action was triggered, contained benchmarks for turbidity, pH, oil
sheen, total copper, and total zinc. The Site’s stormwater outfalls must be sampled and
analyzed for the stated parameters at the specified sampling locations on a quarterly basis.
Permittees are required to institute corrective actions in response to any quarterly average
sample concentration above a permit benchmark. If two quarterly average concentrations
are above the same benchmark parameter in the same drainage basin, a Level 2 Corrective
Action is required.
In 2019, sampling at Outfall 004 resulted in two quarterly averages with turbidity
concentrations above the ISGP turbidity benchmark, triggering a Level 2 Corrective
Action. Because Outfall 004 is sampled as representative of Outfall 003, the corrective
action must apply to both Outfalls 003 and 004.
The proposed corrective action in response to the 2019 turbidity exceedances includes
the installation of manufactured Modular Wetlands System (MWS) Linear units which
will passively treat stormwater flows in drainage areas to Outfalls 003 and 004. MWS
Linear units are a treatment best management practice (BMP), as required for a Level 3
corrective action, rather than a structural source control BMP as required for a Level 2
corrective action. As such, Boeing has met and exceeded the corrective action
requirements established in the ISGP. Detailed descriptions of the proposed corrective
action as well as justification for selection are provided in the Engineering Report.
1.3 Study Area
The study area is approximately 38 acres in size and is nearly 100% impervious (Figure
1). It includes the entire drainage area to Outfall 004 at the time the corrective action was
triggered (2019). The study area also includes the entire drainage area to Outfall 003 at
the time the corrective action was triggered. Figure 2 shows the drainage area pertaining
to each Outfall at the time the corrective action was triggered.
Stormwater from the study area generally drains north toward Lake Washington and
discharges at Outfalls 004 and 003. The invert elevation of both outfalls is at the
spring/fall lake surface elevation, and it is submerged nearly 100 percent of the time. The
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 3 September 2020
ISGP outfall for compliance purposes is Outfall 004, which is sampled from the last
manhole upstream of the outfall on Boeing property (SDMH-458).
The study area consists of the subbasins listed in Table 1, which also describes the general
use of the areas.
Table 1: Study Area Subbasins
Current
Outfall Subbasin1 Description of Area Activities
004 27A Roof of building 4-81
004 27B Material staging, vehicle traffic
004 27C Employee parking, vehicle traffic
004 27E Employee parking, vehicle traffic, roof of building 4-90
004 27F Roof of building 4-04, vehicle traffic, material staging and
forklift operation
004 27H Aircraft parking, vehicle traffic
004 27I Roof of maintenance building, aircraft parking, material
staging and forklift operation
003 26A (28A) Vehicle traffic, aircraft traffic
003 26B (26) Roof of buildings 4-81 and 4-82 1The names of some subbasins will change with the Apron R Project. In these cases, the current name is
listed with the future name listed in parentheses next to the current name.
2 NEED FOR SOURCE INVESTIGATION
The Site’s storm drain network is impacted by inflows of both groundwater and lake
water. Groundwater levels are typically within 5 feet of ground surface elevations, and
much of the storm drain network is below the groundwater table. Soils typical of the area
characteristically contain deposits of iron and manganese at relatively shallow depths.
When submerged under a high groundwater table, reducing environments can mobilize
iron in the groundwater. When re-exposed to oxygen, for example, as groundwater enters
a storm sewer system, the iron can precipitate, causing higher turbidity in the mixed
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 4 September 2020
water. A 2020 technical memo submitted to Ecology on behalf of Boeing as part of a
Request for Permit Modification (Geosyntec, 2020) details this further. This study is
designed to determine the extent to which elevated turbidity at Outfalls 003 and 004 can
be contributed to groundwater inflows.
As described in the Engineering Report, the proposed corrective action will not treat four
subbasins which are not thought to contribute to elevated turbidity in stormwater
discharges Outfalls 003 and 004 (27A, 27E, 27F, and 26B; Figure 3). These basins consist
mostly of rooftop (see Section 1.3) and upland area where the storm drains lie above the
groundwater table. This source investigation study will confirm that the proposed
treatment BMPs are located in areas that will effectively reduce the turbidity at the
outfalls.
2.1 Source Investigation Sampling Locations
To assess contributing sources of turbidity in the study area, nine sampling locations
within the storm system were identified through a desktop analysis of drainage maps,
CAD files, and previous reports. Locations were selected for dry and wet weather sample
collection to provide information on 1) areas believed to be most likely to contribute to
elevated turbidity at Outfalls 003 and 004, 2) areas tributary to proposed treatment BMPs,
and 3) the influence of groundwater intrusion in the Site’s storm sewer network. Special
consideration was given to areas that will not receive treatment from the proposed
corrective action (see the Engineering Report and Figure 4) to verify that these areas are
not significant sources of turbidity. Sampling locations are presented in Table 2. Maps of
the locations can be found in Figure 4 through Figure 6.
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 5 September 2020
Table 2: Sample Locations
Sampling
Basin1
Boeing
Structure ID2
Wet or Dry
Sample
Location?
Reason for Selection
27C SDMH-527 dry Represent potential baseflow from
upland areas
27E SDMH-515C wet
Represents vehicle parking and
transportation, roof of building 4-90
(not to be treated)
27F SDMH-506 wet Represents roof of building 4-04 (not
to be treated)
27H SDMH-466 both Represents area tributary to future
RTU 17/18
27I SDMH-490G-
14 dry
Represents area tributary to future
RTU 17/18
27F SDMH-464 dry
Represents dry weather flow from
majority of Outfall 004 drainage
network
27A (or
26B)
SDMH-459 (or
SDMH-455) wet
Represents roof of building 4-82/4-82
(not to be treated)
26A CB-454 wet Represents area tributary to future
RTU 15
27I CB-490 wet Represents area tributary to future
RTU 13/14 1Sampling basin refers to current stormwater drainage delineations (pre-Apron R project)
2The designated names of some storm drain features is not clear at this time. This information will be
clarified prior to the start of sampling. If existing names cannot be determined, names will be assigned
to ensure consistency and clarity of sample labels and results.
Sampling locations are subject to change based on an initial site walk at the start of the
source investigation study. The Site is currently under phased construction of a major
infrastructure maintenance and repair project known as the Apron R Project
(BergerABAM, 2018), which may impact the storm sewer network layout and/or
accessibility of sampling locations. However, the general areas represented by the
sampling points in Table 2 will be maintained to the extent possible.
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 6 September 2020
2.2 Parameters to be Sampled
Turbidity, TSS, and volatile suspended solids (VSS) are the primary constituents of
concern for this sampling plan. Additional parameters, including iron (Fe), manganese
(Mn), redox potential, and dissolved oxygen (DO) have been identified to assist in flow
source identification (i.e., groundwater versus stormwater). The following parameters are
to be sampled:
• Total Suspended Solids (TSS) by SM 2540D (American Public Health
Association, 2018)
• Total Volatile Suspended Solids (TVSS) by SM 2540 E-97 (American Public
Health Association, 2018)
• Total and dissolved manganese by EPA Method 6010C (EPA, 2007)
• Total and dissolved iron by EPA Method 6010C (EPA, 2007)
• Turbidity by field meter
• Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) by field meter
• Dissolved oxygen (DO) by field meter
3 SAMPLING PROTOCOL
Identification of a potential sampling event, and then preparing for and collecting samples
during an event should follow these general steps:
1. Check the forecast to identify a potential qualifying event (see Section 3.2) within
the next 72 hours. If an event (dry or wet) is identified, identify available sampling
team members.
2. Continue to check forecasts to confirm that the event is still predicted to occur. If
not, notify crews; if the event is still predicted, move to step 3 at least 24 hours in
advance.
3. Gather and check necessary supplies, including the appropriate number of Field
Note Forms, and secure vehicles and equipment.
4. Randomly determine from which location to collect a field duplicate (see
Section 3.3.4; the field duplicate should not come from the same location for
every event). Label and distribute sample bottles, coolers, and Field Note Forms.
5. Perform sampling following the recommended standards and methods.
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 7 September 2020
a. If sampling a wet weather event, ensure that the site is clearly experiencing
runoff (sites are in stormwater runoff conditions as compared to dry-
weather flows).
b. If sampling a dry weather event, check for flows in the drainage network
at the sampling points. Determine if there is flow following Section 3.3.1.
Note that many of the sampling locations would not be expected to have
flow during dry weather.
6. Ensure samples are in cooler(s) on ice, and chain of custody forms are completed
and placed with appropriate samples.
7. Submit the samples to the laboratory for testing (or schedule for courier pick-up).
8. Clean all equipment and order any supplies/equipment necessary for the next
sampling event (e.g., distilled water, gloves, bottles, etc.).
9. Send a copy of all field notes and forms to the Project Manager.
10. All sampling results should be sent directly from the laboratory to the Project
Manager; designated Boeing staff will be copied on lab results.
3.1 Health and Safety
All sampling teams should follow company health and safety policies/procedures.
3.1.1 Field Safety
Sampling team members should wear gloves, high-visibility clothing, and safety-toed
boots. Note that it may be necessary to barricade some parking spaces the day prior to a
forecasted qualifying event to ensure accessibility of stormwater structures (manholes,
inlets, etc.) for sampling during the storm.
Work will occur around manholes and inlets, which have limited means of entry and
egress and may contain hazardous gases. Boeing company safety policies should govern
safety procedures and training requirements for work near these locations.
To assist with safety, sampling, and documentation, the sampling crew shall include a
minimum of 2 staff members.
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 8 September 2020
3.2 Event Criteria and Goals
3.2.1 Storm Event Criteria
Six locations will be sampled for each wet weather event. Three to four storm events are
targeted for sampling at each location.
Potential storm sampling events should be identified as events when rainfall is forecast
to be at least 0.2 inches over a 6-hour period. Ideally, sampling events should be separated
by 48-hours of dry weather (defined as less than 0.1 inches of rainfall over 48 hours).
Samples must be taken while it is actively raining and runoff is being produced. Ideally,
sampling should occur within the first 3 hours of the storm event; however, it is important
that each location is clearly showing runoff conditions when sampled.
3.2.2 Dry Event Criteria
To assess the extent of groundwater intrusion in the drainage system, four locations
within the storm sewer network will be inspected and sampled during dry weather events.
A minimum of two dry weather events is targeted. The dry sampling events should be
temporally spaced; one in the late fall or winter and one in the spring.
The outcome of dry events will be recorded observations of the presence or absence of
water in the storm drain network and estimated water depth. In addition, samples will be
analyzed for all the parameters described in Section 4 for each location at which water is
present in the storm sewer.
Potential dry weather sampling events should be identified as periods following at least
3 days of no recorded precipitation.
3.3 Sampling Methods
The same sampling methods described apply to wet weather flows and any dry weather
flows observed during dry event sampling.
3.3.1 Determining Flow in Dry Events
Because Outfall 004 and some of the storm sewer network are below normal lake
elevations, it is possible that water found in the storm sewer network during dry events
could be attributed to backwatering from Lake Washington. For dry events, field
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 9 September 2020
personnel should record how any water present in the system is moving; if it is difficult
to determine visually, one end of a string or other object may be held in the water to
determine the presence or absence of flow, as well as flow direction.
In addition, the time at which observations are taken will be noted. If possible, the lake
surface elevation at the time of sampling will be compared to the invert elevation of the
sampling point. Hourly lake elevation data can be found through the US Army Corps of
Engineers Reservoir Control Center (Water Management, 2013). Finally, the dry weather
sampling data will provide valuable clues as to the presence of lake water versus
groundwater.
3.3.2 Grab Samples
Sampling should follow Ecology guidance for stormwater grab samples (Ecology, 2015).
This guidance includes:
1. Samples should be taken from a well-mixed area of flow near the center of the
flow stream, and with the flow directed into the bottle opening;
2. Bottles should not touch the sides or bottom of the manhole or catch basin;
3. Bottle caps should not touch the ground; and
4. Clean gloves and equipment should be used at each sample location.
Should any of the aforementioned sampling methods be violated, the sample bottle should
be discarded, and a new sample bottle should be used. A detailed list of equipment and
more detailed methods will be provided to the sampling team.
When possible, grab samples should be collected directly into laboratory-provided
bottles. If not possible, samples should be collected using a clean container and
transferred directly into laboratory bottles by careful pouring. Containers will be
considered clean when they have been rinsed a minimum of two times with deionized
(DI) water and once with stormwater from the next sampling location.
Sample bottles should be appropriately labeled with the Structure ID (Table 2), date, and
time. Two, 1-liter laboratory bottles and two, 500-milliliter laboratory bottles will be
collected from each site (Table 3). Samples will be field filtered as appropriate.
At each sampling location, for both wet and dry weather events, appropriate Field Note
Forms (Appendix A) should be completed. Pictures may be taken to support any special
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 10 September 2020
notes listed on the field forms. If pictures are taken, this should be documented on the
field form.
Samples should be stored in a cooler with ice or ice packs no higher than 2 inches from
the top of the bottles before being submitted to the laboratory. Samples will be preserved
and filtered as needed by the laboratory; holding time before submission to the laboratory
should be no more than 48 hours. A completed chain of custody (COC) form should be
submitted to the laboratory with each cooler.
3.3.3 Field Measurements
Wet and dry weather samples will be analyzed in the field for turbidity, dissolved,
oxygen, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) using field instruments. The general
process for taking field measurements is as follows; a more detailed procedure will be
provided to the sampling team.
• Gather and prepare necessary equipment.
o Prepare the meter according to the manufacturer’s directions.
o Calibrate the meter according to the manufacturer’s directions.
• Collect the sample in a glass or plastic bottle that has been thoroughly rinsed with
DI water. The volume should be sufficient to ensure a representative sample.
• Analyze the sample according to the manufacturer’s directions.
o If the sampling apparatus contains a probe, insert the probe into the sample
and allow it to reach equilibrium.
• Record the result on the field sheet and repeat for each sampling location.
3.3.4 Field Duplicates
One field duplicate should be obtained for each event. A field duplicate is obtained by
collecting two field measurements and two laboratory samples for each parameter from
a randomly selected sampling point. The duplicate sample should be collected as close to
the same time as the regular sample as possible and should include the same number and
type of bottles as the sample itself. The duplicate sample will have a different label than
the normal sample and should not include the sample time.
The sampling team should note from which sampling point the duplicate was taken on
the corresponding Field Note Form.
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 11 September 2020
3.4 De-mobilization
After samples have been collected, return to sampling de-mobilization area to:
• sort bottles for transfer to laboratory,
• dispose of consumable sampling supplies, and
• finalize COC forms.
Note the number of bottles remaining for the next event and order the appropriate number
of bottles needed from the laboratory.
4 ANALYTICAL SUITE
Table 3 provides laboratory methods and requirements. Two, 1-liter sample and two, 500-
milliliter samples will be collected from each sampling point at each wet weather
sampling event and at one dry weather sampling event. Dissolved samples will be filtered
in the field. Further detail is provided in the Data Quality Assurance and Control Plan
(Appendix B).
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 12 September 2020
Table 3: Stormwater Collection Techniques and Constituent Analytical Methods
Total Suspended Solids by Method SM2540D – Water Samples
Collection Technique
Grab sample. Collect sample directly into sample container
for lab analysis. Do not freeze, do not preserve. Refrigerate
at ≤6°C.
Volume Required 1 liter
Maximum Sample Holding
Time 7 days
Total Volatile Suspended Solids by Method SM2540-E-97 – Water Samples
Collection Technique
Grab sample. Collect sample directly into sample container
for lab analysis. Do not freeze, do not preserve. Refrigerate at
≤6°C.
Volume required 1 liter
Maximum Sample Holding
Time 7 days
Total and Dissolved Iron and Manganese by EPA Method 6010C– Water Samples
Collection Technique Grab sample. Preserve with nitric acid – any filtering should
be done prior to acid preservation. Refrigerate at ≤6°C.
Volume required 500 mL for each of total and dissolved analyses
Maximum Sample Holding
Time 6 months preserved
5 REPORTING
After completing field activities, copies of Field Note Forms and relevant photos should
be sent to the Project Manager. Geosyntec and designated Boeing staff should be copied
on all laboratory communications.
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 13 September 2020
6 REFERENCES
American Public Health Association (2018). 2540 SOLIDS (2017) In Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater.
https://doi.org/10.2105/SMWW.2882.030
American Public Health Association (2017). 2580 OXIDATION-REDUCTION
POTENTIAL (ORP) (2017). In Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater. https://doi.org/10.2105/SMWW.2882.034
American Public Health Association (2017). 3500 -Fe IRON (2017) In Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater.
https://doi.org/10.2105/SMWW.2882.055
American Public Health Association (1992). EPA Method 180.1. Standard Methods for
the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 18th ed. Washington, D.C.
https://archive.epa.gov/water/archive/web/html/vms55.html
BergerABAM, 2018. Technical Information Report: Boeing Commercial Airplanes
Apron R Infrastructure Maintenance and Repair, Renton, WA. October.
Creed, J.T., C.A. Brockhoff, and T.D. Martin (1994). Method 200.8: Determination of
Trace Elements in Waters and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass
Spectrometry. Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory Office of
Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Revision
5.4, EMMC Version. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-
06/documents/epa-200.8.pdf
Ecology (2015). Stormwater Sampling Manual: A Guide for the Industrial Stormwater
General Permit. Publication No. 15-03-044. December.
https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/1503044.pdf
EPA (1993). Method 180.1: Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 2.0
August. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-
08/documents/method_180-1_1993.pdf
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 14 September 2020
EPA (2007). Method 6010C (SW-846): Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission
Spectrometry. Revision 3.
Washington State Department of Health, 2018. DOH-337-160 Standard Operating
Procedures for Measuring Dissolved Oxygen: A Guide to Field Measurements
Using an Optical Dissolved Oxygen Meter and other Handheld Meters.
Wastewater Management Program.
https://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Pubs/337-160.pdf
Water Management, USACE-Seattle District, 2013. Reservoir Control Center-Lake
Washington Elevation. https://www.nwd-
wc.usace.army.mil/nws/hh/www/index.html#
WSP, 2020. Draft Technical Information Report: Boeing Commercial Airplanes Apron
R – Central, Renton, WA. March.
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 17 September 2020
Figure 2: Current Storm Drain Network Overview
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 18 September 2020
Figure 3: Proposed Treatment Areas
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 19 September 2020
Figure 4: Proposed Sampling Locations Overview
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 20 September 2020
Figure 5: Proposed Sampling Locations, Northern Side
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 21 September 2020
Figure 6: Proposed Sampling Locations, Southern Side
Storm Sewer Sampling Field Form Sampling Event Form
UPON ARRIVAL
Sample Team Number: Date:
Location ID: Time:
Team Member Initials:
PRIOR TO SAMPLING
Is it currently raining on site? How heavy is the flow at time of sampling? Yes No
Is there flow to and from all pipes in the structure? (if no, describe in notes)
Trickle Moderate
Yes No Steady/Low Turbulent/Heavy
FIELD SAMPLING RESULTS Dissolved Oxygen Turbidity Oxidation-Reduction Potential
Type/Model of Meter: Type/Model of Meter: Type/Model of Meter:
Measured Value: Measured Value: Measured Value:
AFTER SAMPLING
Sample vessel (e.g. direct to field bottle, pole with dipper): Were any bottles discarded?
Yes No
Iron staining on structure? If yes, describe.
Yes No
Note any deviation from methods advised in sampling plan:
Clarity of sample:
Clear (low solids) Moderate Dirty (high solids)
ADDITIONAL NOTES
Was a duplicate taken here? Were any photographs taken?
Storm Sewer Observation Field Form Dry Weather Observation Form
UPON ARRIVAL
Sample Team Number: Date:
Location ID: Time:
Team Member Initials:
FIELD OBSERVATIONS
Is it currently raining on site? Yes No
Is there water present in the storm sewer system at this location? Yes No
If yes, describe (i.e. which pipes have water) and estimate water depth in pipes.
If water is present, is it moving? Yes No
If yes, how fast? Trickle Moderate
Steady/ Low Turbulent/ Heavy
If yes, which direction? Upstream Downstream
How can you tell? (ripples, string test, etc.)
If yes, describe (i.e. which pipes have flow and which do not)
Is there iron staining on the structure? Yes No
If yes, describe (i.e. where, how much)
ADDITIONAL NOTES
Were any photographs taken? Were samples taken here? (also complete sampling event form)
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 25 September 2020
ATTACHMENT B
Data Quality Assurance and Control
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 26 September 2020
Quality Assurance Objectives for Data Management
The general quality assurance (QA) objectives for this project are to develop and
implement procedures for obtaining and evaluating data of a specified quality that can be
used to assess the concentrations of total and dissolved iron, total manganese, and TSS in
collected samples. To collect such information, analytical data must have an appropriate
degree of accuracy and reproducibility; samples collected must be representative of actual
field conditions and must be collected and analyzed using unbroken chain-of-custody
procedures.
The target method reporting limit (MRL) for each analyte is listed in Table E-1. Actual
MRLs will depend on what the laboratory can achieve given laboratory quality
assurance/quality control (QA/QC) and potential matrix interferences.
Table E-1: Data Quality Objectives for Proposed Analytes
Analyte Units MRL1
Total and Dissolved Fe and Mn by EPA Method 6010C – Water Samples
Iron mg/L 0.050
Manganese mg/L 0.001
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) by EPA Method SM2540 D – Water Samples
TSS mg/L 1.00
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) by EPA Method SM2540 E – Water Samples
VSS mg/L 1.00 1MRL = Method Reporting Limit
Specific QA objectives are as follows:
• Establish sampling techniques that will produce analytical data representative
of the media (e.g., stormwater) being measured.
• Analyze a sufficient number of analytical duplicate samples to assess the
performance of the analytical laboratory.
• Collect and analyze a sufficient number of blank samples to evaluate the
potential for contamination from sampling equipment and techniques, and/or
transportation.
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 27 September 2020
• Analyze a sufficient number of blank, standard, duplicate, spiked, and check
samples within the laboratory to evaluate results against numerical QA goals
established for precision and accuracy.
Precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, and comparability parameters
used to indicate data quality are defined below.
Precision
Precision is a measure of the reproducibility of data under a given set of conditions.
Specifically, it is a quantitative measure of the variability of a group of measurements
compared to their average value. For duplicate measurements, precision can be expressed
as the relative percent difference (RPD). Five to ten percent field duplicates will be
collected. A five to ten percent duplicate frequency will be carried out for laboratory
samples.
Accuracy
Accuracy is the measure of error between the reported test results and the true sample
concentration. True sample concentration is never known due to analytical limitations
and error. Consequently, accuracy is inferred from the recovery data from spiked samples.
Because of difficulties with spiking samples in the field, the laboratory will spike
samples. The laboratory shall perform sufficient spike samples of a similar matrix to
allow for computation of accuracy. For analyses of less than five samples, matrix spikes
may be performed on a batch basis. Perfect accuracy is 100 percent recovery.
Representativeness
Representativeness is a measure of how closely the results reflect the actual concentration
of the chemical parameters in the medium sampled. Sampling procedures—as well as
sample-handling protocols for storage, preservation, and transportation—are designed to
preserve the representativeness of the samples collected. Proper documentation will
confirm that protocols are followed. This helps to assure sample identification and
integrity.
Laboratory method blanks will be run in accordance with established laboratory protocols
to ensure samples are not contaminated during sample preparation in the laboratory.
Completeness
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 28 September 2020
Completeness is defined as the percentage of measurements made which are judged to be
valid. It is calculated as the number of valid data points achieved divided by the total
number of data points requested by virtue of the study design. For this project,
completeness objectives have been established at 95 percent.
Comparability
Comparability is a qualitative parameter expressing the confidence with which one data
set can be compared with another. The objective of this QA program is to assure that all
data developed during the investigation are comparable. Comparability of the data will
be assured by using EPA-defined procedures which specify sample collection, handling,
and analytical methods. The comparability of past data will be evaluated during the
investigation (if possible) by assessing the techniques used for sample collection and
analysis.
Documentation
Essentially, EPA Level II documentation will be generated during this investigation. This
level of documentation is generally considered legally defensible and consists of the
following:
• Holding times
• Laboratory method blank data
• Sample data
• Matrix/surrogate spike data
• Duplicate sample data
Sampling Procedures
Sampling procedures are designed to ensure:
• Samples collected at the site are consistent with project objectives; and
• Samples are identified, handled, and transported in a manner that does not alter
the representativeness of the data from the actual site conditions.
QA objectives for sample collection will be accomplished through a combination of the
following items:
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 29 September 2020
• Trip Blank. No trip blanks are planned for the stormwater sampling program as
there are no planned analyses for volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
• Rinse Blank Sample. No rinse blanks are planned for the sampling program as
the parameters analyzed are not sensitive to minor impurities from sampling
containers.
• Filter Blank Sample. No filter blanks are planned for the sampling program as
the parameters analyzed are not sensitive to minor impurities from filter
materials.
• Duplicate Samples. One field duplicate is planned for each sampling event.
This will consist of a duplicate measurement of all field measurements and a
duplicate sample of all laboratory parameters at a single sampling location per
event.
• Laboratory QA. Laboratory duplicate measurements will be carried out on at
least 5 percent of laboratory samples. Analytical procedures will be evaluated
using the protocols of the analytical laboratory. These protocols can be
submitted upon request.
Sample and Document Custody Procedures
The various methods used to document field sample collection and laboratory operation
are presented below.
Field Chain-of-Custody Procedures
Sample chain-of-custody refers to the process of tracking the possession of a sample from
the time it is collected in the field through the laboratory analysis. A sample is considered
to be under a person's custody if it is:
• In a person's physical possession;
• In view of the person after possession has been taken; or
• Secured by that person so no one can tamper with the sample, or secured by that
person in an area restricted to authorized personnel.
A chain-of-custody form is used to record possession of a sample and to document
analyses requested. Each time the sample bottles or samples are transferred between
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 30 September 2020
individuals, both the sender and receiver sign and date the chain-of-custody form. When
a sample shipment is transported to the laboratory, a copy of the chain-of-custody form
is included in the transport container (e.g., ice chest).
The chain-of-custody forms are used to record the following information:
• Sample identification number
• Sample collector's signature
• Date and time of collection
• Description of sample
• Analyses requested
• Shipper's name and address
• Receiver's name and address
• Signatures of persons involved in chain of custody
Laboratory Operations
The analytical laboratory has a system in place for documenting the following laboratory
information:
• Calibration procedures
• Analytical procedures
• Computational procedures
• Quality control procedures
• Bench data
• Operating procedures or any changes to these procedures
• Laboratory notebook policy
Laboratory chain-of-custody procedures provide the following:
• Identification of the responsible party (sample custodian) authorized to sign for
incoming field samples and a log consisting of sequential lab tracking numbers.
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 31 September 2020
• Specification of laboratory sample custody procedures for sample handling,
storage, and internal distribution for analysis.
Corrections to Documentation
Original data will be recorded in field notes and on chain-of-custody forms using indelible
ink. Documents will be retained even if they are illegible or contain inaccuracies that
require correction.
If an error is made on a document, the individual making the entry will correct the
document by crossing a line through the error, entering the correct information, and
initialing and dating the correction. Any subsequent error discovered on a document is
corrected, initialed, and dated by the person who made the entry.
Equipment Calibration Procedures and Frequency
Instruments and equipment used during this project will be operated, calibrated, and
maintained according to the manufacturer's guidelines and recommendations. Operation,
calibration, and maintenance will be performed by laboratory personnel fully trained in
these procedures.
Analytical Procedures
Samples will be analyzed using protocols for the parameters identified above. Table E-1
lists the data quality objectives for the proposed analytes including the target method
reporting limits (MRLs). Table 2 of the Sampling Plan summarizes the sample collection
requirements.
Data Reduction, Validation, and Reporting
Reports generated in the field and laboratory will be included as an appendix to the draft
and final versions of the Source Investigation Technical Memorandum.
The task manager will assure validation of the analytical data. The laboratory generating
analytical data for this project will be required to submit results that are supported by
sufficient backup and QA/QC data to enable the reviewer to determine the quality of the
data. Validity of the laboratory data will be determined based on the objectives outlined
in the Quality Assurance Objectives for Data Management section above. Data validity
will also be determined based upon the sampling procedures and documentation outlined
in this Sampling Plan. Upon completion of the review, the task manager will be
Boeing Renton Source Investigation Sampling Plan 32 September 2020
responsible for assuring development of a QA/QC report on the analytical data. Data will
be stored and maintained according to the standard procedures of the laboratory. The
method of data reduction will be described in the final report.
Performance Audits
Performance audits are an integral part of an analytical laboratory's SOPs and are
available upon request.
Corrective Actions
If the QC audit detects unacceptable conditions or data, the project manager will be
responsible for developing and initiating corrective action. The task manager will be
notified if the nonconformance is significant or requires special expertise. Corrective
action may include the following:
• Reanalyzing the samples, if holding time criteria permit;
• Resampling and analyzing;
• Evaluating and amending sampling and analytical procedures; or
• Accepting data and acknowledging level of uncertainty or inaccuracy by
flagging the data.