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Brominated and organophosphorus flame retardants in indoor dust from Belgium: Exposure assessment via non dietary pathways
Christina Christia1*, Giulia Poma1, Adrian Covaci1*
1Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium* [email protected]; [email protected]
References1. UNEP, 2009, http://chm.pops.int/Convention/tabid/54/language/en-US/Default.aspx#convtext.2. Christia C, Poma G, Besis A, et al. (2018) Chemosphere (196): 231-239.3. Lucattini L, Poma G, Covaci A, et al. (2018) Chemosphere (201): 466-482.4. Ali N, Eqani S, Iqbal Mohammad I.I, (2016) Science of the Total Environment (569-570): 269-277.
Introduction BFRs and PFRs are important categories of flame retardants that have been
used widely in consumer products in order to meet the safety standardsrelated to fire resistance1,2.
Their tendency is to migrate from products to the indoor environment and toaccumulate especially in dust, which acts as a sink for these kind ofcompounds3.
There is high scientific concern for flame retardant exposure due to their potential health risks of endocrine disruption, neurodevelopment disorders, behavioral abnormalities and possible carcinogenicity2,4.
Report data for BFRs and PFRs in dust from Belgian homes (n=20). Investigate any possible correlation between the concentrations and indoor characteristics. Evaluate the human exposure via dust ingestion by using hazard quotients (HQs).
Materials & Methods
Targeted BFRs• 12 congeners of polybrominated
diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)• 5 novel brominated flame retardants
(TBB, BTBPE, TBPH, HBB, DBDPE)• Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) • Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs)
Targeted PFRs • tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) • tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)• tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP)• tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) • triphenyl phosphate (TPHP)• 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate
(EHDPHP)• tricresyl phosphate (TCP) • tris(4-butylphenyl) phosphate (TBuPHP)• tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate
(TDCIPP)
Results & Discussion
CONCLUSIONS
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge the European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC) for the support of the project (LRI-B17) and the dust sample donors. Drs. Christina Christia acknowledges a doctoral fellowship BOF DOCPRO 2018 and Dr. Giulia Poma acknowledges a post-doctoral fellowship from the University of Antwerp.
PFRs were detected in higher concentrations than BFRs inBelgian homes (93% of the total contribution).
No correlation was found between the detected levels and thecharacteristics of the environments.
Dominant BFRs: BDE-209, DBDPE Dominant PFRS: TCIPP, TBOEP Human exposure was estimated higher via dust ingestion for
toddlers than adults. No hazard risk was identified (HQs<1).
Sampling method• 20 Belgian homes were sampled for dust in Antwerp region (February 2017)
with a vacuum cleaner of high power.• Nylon socks (25μm pore size) were used for sample collection.• 4m2 of bare floor was vacuum cleaned for 4’ (1m2 of carpeted floor was
vacuum cleaned for 1’).
Figure 1. Experimental procedure
Figure 2. Concentration levels of BFRs and PFRs in Belgian homes
Figure 3. Contribution of the target BFRs (a) and PFRs (b) in dust
a) b)
Figure 4. ADDingestion values for a)BFRs and b)PFRs
a) b)
Aims of the study
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
Log
C (
ng
/g)
BFRs PFRs
42%
11%
26%
3%
7%
12%
BDE 209
TBPH
DBDPE
TBBPA
alpha HBCD
gamma HBCD
3% 1%
47%36%
5%4%
1% 3%
TEHP
TCEP
TCIPP
TBOEP
TPHP
EHDPP
TCP
TDCPP
