Carbon Emission 1

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2012

FLOURISH PURE FOOD

PVT LTD

CARBON EMISSION AND

CARBON NEUTRALITY


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Executive Summary:-

This report contain the carbon emission and steps towards for the neutralizationof the same . Carbon emission is mostly due to six gases which are known as asgreen house gases. Since 150 years industrialization reolution start and nowabout 0!" to #.0 $C temperature increase on earth .

%ndia is the &thcountry in the world in carbon emission but '0 thnumber in carbonemission per ca(pita country in world. )s per the %nternational energy )gency* in%ndia co' emmission is '*0"+*,#- tco'!year in thousand of co' metrictonnes!year / and its 1., Tones emmission !person of co'!year.

%n %ndian dairy sector #& Cr.iter !day milk is produce and #.1, Cr iter per daymilk are procure* so its emmiss 1.#+ ac tonnes!day co'* So emmission perpersonn is 0.0& tonnes co'!person. airy farm sector is one the most criticalsector for the carbon emission because manure and urine produce the methaneand nitrous oxides which are fare more dangerous to carbon dioxide.

2!s 3iante pure foods pt ltd has plan for the 1000 cows dairy farms * now dueto methane and nitrous concentrated at the same place with heay density itdirect impact to to the carbon emission and temperature difference to that areawhich already happening to )ustralia so company want to not only cut emissionbut put steps towards neutrality. 2a4or steps of neutrality are Calculatingemissions* educing emissions* 6ffsetting residual emissions.

2a4or factors for the carbon emissions are 2anure management *foddertransformation and electricity usage for dairy farm actiates. )fter calculation ofcarbon emission * base scenario we focus on the pro4ect actiities and due dairyfarm no milk collection re7uired and due to enough efforts carry towards thecarbon neutrality.

eport also haing calculation on the carbon emission done by the generic onelac liter per day dairy concept .

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INDEX

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GLOBAL SCENARIO

The chemical composition of the atmosphere is also responsible for nurturing life on

4

SR.NO DESCRIPTION PG.NO.

1 869) SC:;)%6 &

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our planet. 2ost of it is nitrogen ,-D/E about '1D is oxygen* which all animals

need to surie and only a small percentage 0.0#"D/ is made up of carbon

dioxide which plants re7uire for photosynthesis.

The atmosphere carries out the critical function of maintaining life(sustaining

conditions on :arth* in the following wayF each day* energy from the sun is

absorbed by the land* seas* mountains* etc. %f all this energy were to be absorbed

completely* the earth would gradually become hotter and hotter. 9ut actually* the

earth both absorbs and* simultaneously releases it in the form of infra red waes

which cannot be seen by our eyes but can be felt as heat* for example the heat

that you can feel with your hands oer a heated car engine/. )ll this rising heat is

not lost to space* but is partly absorbed by some gases present in ery small or

trace/ 7uantities in the atmosphere* called greenhouse gases 88s/.

8reenhouse gases for example* carbon dioxide C6'/* methane C&/* nitrous

oxide ;'6/*water apour/* re(emit some of this heat to the earth$s surface. %f they

did not perform this useful function* most of the heat energy would escape*

leaing the earth cold about (1- GC/ and unfit to support life.

oweer* eer since the %ndustrial eolution began about 150 years ago* man(

made actiities hae added significant 7uantities of 88s to the atmosphere. The

atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide C6'/* methane C&/* and nitrous

oxide ;'6/ hae grown by about #1D* 151D and 1,D* respectiely* between

1,50 and '000 %ntergoernmental =anel on Climate Change %=CC/.

)s the 88s are transparent to incoming solar radiation* but opa7ue to outgoing

long wae radiation* an increase in the leels of 88s could lead to greater

warming* which* in turn* could hae an impact on the world$s climate* leading to

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the phenomenon known as climate change. %ndeed* scientists hae obsered

that oer the '0th century* the mean global surface emperature increased by

0."HC %=CC '001/. They also obsered that since 1-"0 the year temperature

began to be recorded systematically using a thermometer/* the 1++0$s hae been

the warmest decade.

%mportant greenhouse gases areF carbon dioxide C6'/* methane C&/* nitrous

oxide;'6/*hydro fluorocarbons @C/* per fluorocarbons =@C/* and sulfur hexa

fluoride S@"/.


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Sr. No Country

1 China 6534 4.91

' Unite State! 5"33 19.1"# #u!!ia 1729 12.29

& $nia 1495 1.31

5 %a&an 1214 9.54

" 'ermany "29 1(.(6

, Canaa 574 17.27

- Unite )in*om 572 9.3"+ )orea+ South 542 11.21

10 $ran 511 7.76

11 Saui ,ra-ia 466 16.56

1' $tay 455 7."2

1# South ,/rica 451 9.25

1&0exico 445 4.(4

15 ,u!traia 437 2(."2

1" $none!ia 434 1."3

1, rai 42" 2.1"

1- rance 415 6.4"

1+ S&ain 359 "."6

'0 Uraine 35( 7.61

C2 Emi!!ion

one8

Co2 Emi!!ion &er

Ca&ita


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DATA FROM EIA 2008

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THE GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL OF SIX MAJOR GREENHOUSE GASES

Sr.;o

8as 8lobal


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KYOTO PROTOCOL:-

=resently* a ariety of approaches are being implemented to reduce carbon

emissions. These range from efforts by indiiduals and firms to reduce their

climate footprints to initiaties at city* state* regional and global leels. )mong

these are the commitments of goernments to reduce emissions through the 1++'

Anited ;ations @ramework Conention on Climate Change A;@CCC/ and its

1++, >yoto =rotocol. %n 1++' famous io earth summit* Anited ;ation @ramework

Conention on Climate Change A;@CCC/ was adopted with an ob4ectie to

stabilize atmospheric concentration of 88 at leels that would preent

dangerous humane interference with climate system. The A;@CCC came into

effect on '1st 2arch* 1++& according to which industrialized countries shall hae

the main responsibility to mitigate climate change. Such countries are listed as

)nnex( % countries. Ander A;@CCC all the member countries were to report on

their national 88 emissions inentories and propose climate change mitigation

strategies. )fter two and half years of intense negotiation between )nnex(%

countries* an agreement was struck at the now famous >yoto protocol on 11ecember 1++, in >yoto* Bapan. 9orn in the 1++, yoto* Bapan* this =rotocol is making miracles in society today. The conention*

participated by 1"0 countries of the world* was to negotiate binding limitations on

greenhouse gases for the deeloped nations pursuant to the ob4ectie of the

@ramework Conention on Climate Change of 1++'.

Ander the >yoto =rotocol* emission caps were set for each )nnex(% countries*

amounting in total to an aerage reduction of 5.'D below the aggregate emissionleel in 1++0. :ach country has a predetermined target of emission reduction as

compared to 1++0 leel. ;o emission cap is imposed on ;on J )nnex % countries.

oweer* to encourage the participation of ;on()nnex % in emission reduction

process a mechanism known as Clean eelopment 2echanism C2/ has

been proided.

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The carbon markets are a prominent part of the response to climate change and

hae an opportunity to demonstrate that they can be a credible and central tool for

future climate mitigation.

The outcome was the >yoto =rotocol* in which the deeloped nations agreed to

limit their greenhouse gas emissions* relatie to the leels emitted in 1++0 or pay

a price to those that do. )t this point comes the carbon trading.

CARBON CREDITS

The primary purpose of the =rotocol was to make deeloped countries pay for

their ways with emissions while at the same time monetarily rewarding countries

with good behaior in this regard. Since deeloping countries can start with clean

technologies* they will be rewarded by those stuck with Kdirty ones. This system

poises to become a big machine for partially transferring wealth from wealthy*

industrialized countries to poor* undeeloped countries. ) C: or carbon Credit is

defined as the unit related to reduction of 1 tonne of C6' emission from the

baseline of the pro4ect actiity.

et us say that %ndia decided to inest in a new power station* and has decided on

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a particular technology at the cost of L crore. )n entity from an industrialized

country which could een be a company/ offers to proide %ndia with slightly

better technology* which costs more say ? crore/* but will result in lower

emissions. The industrialized country will only pay the incremental cost of the

pro4ect J iz. ? minus L. %n return* the Kinesting country will get certified

emission reductions C:s/* or credits* which it can use to meet its >yoto

commitments. This is a ery good deal indeed J but for the inesting country. ;ot

only do they sell deeloping countries their technology* but they also meet their

>yoto commitments without lifting a finger to reduce their domestic emissions.

Countries like the AS can continue to pollute at home* so long as it makes the

reductions elsewhere.

The


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INDIAN SCENARIO- FAVOURING POINTS AND CDM

POTENTIAL FOR INDIA

a/ %ndia ( high potential of carbon credits.

b/ %ndia can capture 10D of 8lobal C2 market.

c/ )nnual reenue estimated range from ASM10 million to ##0 million

d/


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Indin F!"#$

%ndia is a =arty to the Anited ;ations @ramework Conention on Climate Change

A;@CCC/ and the ob4ectie of the Conention is to achiee stabilization of greenhouse

gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a leel that would preent dangerous

anthropogenic interference with the climate system. To strengthen the deeloped country

commitments under the Conention* the =arties adopted >yoto =rotocol in 1++,* which

commits deeloped country =arties to return their emissions of greenhouse gases to an

aerage of approximately 5.'D below 1++0 leels oer the period '00-(1'. The Seenth

Conference of =arties C6=(,/ to the A;@CCC decided that =arties participating in C2

should designate a ;ational )uthority for the C2 and as per the C2 pro4ect cycle* a

pro4ect proposal should include written approal of oluntary participation from the

esignated ;ational )uthority of each country and confirmation that the pro4ect actiityassists the host country in achieing sustainable deelopment. )ccordingly the Central

8oernment constituted the ;ational Clean eelopment 2echanism C2/ )uthority for

the The C2 )uthority has the powersF

a/ To inite officials and experts from 8oernment* financial institutions*

consultancy organizations* non(goernmental organizations* ciil

society* legal profession* industry and commerce* as it may deem

necessary for technical and professional inputs and may co(opt othermembers depending upon need.

b/ To interact with concerned authorities* institutions* indiidual

stakeholders for matters relating to C2.c/ To take up any enironmental issues pertaining to C2 or

Sustainable eelopment pro4ects as may be referred to it by the

Central 8oernment* andd/ To recommend guidelines to the Central 8oernment for

consideration of pro4ects and principles to be followed for according

host country approal.)s discussed aboe* %ndia has a ast opportunity to explore in terms of C2 and

carbon(credits. Through its giant ongoing %nfrastructure pro4ects and pro4ects on

non(conentional energy sources* a new phase of deelopment is still to be

obsered* moderate start of which has already begun.

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VIVANTE PURE FOODS PVT LTD CARBON NEUTRAL PROJECT:

3iante has focused on inesting and setting up State(of(the(art Cattle @arm at

3illageF 9hatkota* TalukaF 2odassa* istF Sabarknatha ( 8u4arat. The company

has ac7uired &0 acres of land and would procure '000 cattles including olstein

@riesian cows for the proposed pro4ect. The company will purchase dairy

e7uipments from (aal* Sweden ( ) renowned technology proider for food and

and energy process.

The airy @arm is proposed to hae cattles including olstein @riesian breed of

large dairy cattle originated in northern olland and @riesland. %ts chief

characteristics are its large size and black and white spotted markings* sharply

defined rather than blended. @ breeds of cattle eat corn* soy beans* hay* wheat

and grass.

olstein cows normally gie milk for 5 to " years* but some still produce milk at

the age of '0 years or some times een older. 2any farmers prefer this breed

because it produces more milk as compared to any other milch breeds. The

aerage milk yield in a year is ,'00 to +000.

P"!%&'( L!'(i!n

3iante has ac7uired &0 acres of land at 3illageF 9hatkota* TalukaF 2odassa*

istF Sabarknatha( 8u4arat . The following parameters are being considered for

selecting the pro4ect locationF

A)i*+i*i(, ! F!dd&"

Sabarkantha situated in the northern plains of 8u4arat is haing hot and semi arid

climate. 2ost of the farming actiities are undertaken in the northern plains of

8u4arat. The aailability of fodder is in abundance in the nearby areas on account

of the ma4or farming actiities.

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A)i*+i*i(, ! W(&"

=roposed pro4ect site is located on the bank of ier 2eshwo hence*

underground water table is ery high. 2oreoer* & bore well already exist on the

site which is enough to supply water through out the year. 3).

) "" >3 substation is 4ust - >ms away from the site. This area has continuousand uninterrupted power supply by 8u4arat :lectricity 9oard.

R!d '!nn&'(i)i(,

The site is well connected with immatnagar and )hmedabad through ;(" and

many other state highways and illages roads are connecting the site with all

ma4or cities and towns of 8u4arat.

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CARBON NEUTRALITY:-

Carbon neutral is a term used to describe fuels that neither contribute to norreduce the amount of carbon measured in the release of carbon dioxide/ into the

atmosphere.

Carbon neutrality* or haing a net zero carbon footprint* refers to achieing net

zero carbon emissionsby balancing a measured amount of carbon released with

an e7uialent amount se7uestered or offset* or buying enough carbon creditsto

make up the difference. %t is used in the context of carbon dioxide releasing

processes* associated with transportation* energy production and industrial

processes.

The carbon neutral concept may be extended to include other greenhouse gases

88/ measured in terms of their carbon dioxide e7uialenceQthe impact a 88

has on the atmosphere expressed in the e7uialent amount of C6'. The

term climate neutral is used to reflect the fact that it is not 4ust carbon dioxide

C6'/* that is driing climate change* een if it is the most abundant* but also

encompasses other greenhouse gases regulated by the >yoto =rotocol*

namelyFmethaneC&/* nitrous oxide ;'6/* hydrofluorocarbons

@C/* perfluorocarbons=@C/* and sulphur hexafluoride S@"/. 9oth terms are

used interchangeably throughout this article.

9est practice for organizations and indiiduals seeking carbon neutral status

entails reducing and!or aoiding carbon emissions first so that only unaoidable

emissions are offset. The term has two common usesF

%t can refer to the practice of balancing carbon dioxidereleased into the

atmosphere from burning fossil fuels* with renewable energythat creates a similar

amount of useful energy* so that the carbon emissions are compensated* or

alternatiely using only renewable energies that don$t produce any carbon dioxide

1"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_emissionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_creditshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfluorocarbonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_emissionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_creditshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfluorocarbonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy


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%t is also used to describe the practice* criticized by some* of carbon offsetting* by

paying others to remoe or se7uester 100D of the carbon dioxide emitted from

the atmosphere J for example by planting treesJ or by funding $carbon pro4ects$

that should lead to the preention of future greenhouse gas emissions* or by

buying carbon creditsto remoe or $retire$/ them through carbon trading. These

practices are often used in parallel* together with energy conserationmeasures

to minimize energy use.

S(&02 !" 'i&)in3 C"+!n N("*i(,

1. C*'#*(in3 &$i22i!n2

This stage re7uires the determination of what emissions

will be calculated* including setting a clear boundary for

emissions coered.

6nce the boundary has been set* emissions can be

calculated by collecting actiity data and applying the

appropriate emissions factors.

2. R&d#'in3 &$i22i!n2

This stage inoles assessing what internal emissions

reductions can be made through e.g. energy efficiency

measures. These will usually be carried out because

they are cost effectie oer time* helping to sae

money at the same time as reducing emissions.

eductions can be based on absolute emission reductions

or emission reductions relatie to a common business

metric or unit of output.

19
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offsethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_credithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emissions_tradinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_conservationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offsethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_credithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emissions_tradinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_conservation


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4. O2&((in3 "&2id#* &$i22i!n2:This third stage re7uires the ac7uisition of carbon

credits to offset any residual emissions after

calculating emissions and achieing internal

reductions.

The precise amount of offsets re7uired needs to be calculated* with enough

credits bought to reduce emissions to net zero.


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FACTORS FOR EMISSION OF CAR*ON IN DAIR+ FARM

PRO,ECT:

F%!r Tra#"p%r$a$i%#

%n the dairy farm there are about to 1000 cattles and their daily food

re7uirement is about &0 tones &0 kg per cattle/.crop seasons are start at

interal of & months. So its prime and important to storage the fodder for

cattle. Storage re7uired for the cows is about more than 5000 tone for each

crop seasons . for that company construct 5 number of silo bunkers and

their each capacity of storage is 1'00 tone fodder .

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So the &roect emi!!ion o/ caron i! 47.5" tone Co2 .

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MANRE / COW DNG MANAGEMENT.

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roect Emi!!ion:

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SAGE OF ELECTRICIT+

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REDUCTION OF EMISSION DUE TO DAIRY FARM RESPECT

TO CO-OPERATIVE DAIRY MODEL :-

There are 1000 milch animals are in dairy farm so dairy farm daily produc(

tion of milk is approx. '5000 litres of milk . %n dairy farm model milk is not re(7uired to collect because all the cattles are in the same location . so there isno milk ehicle moement re7uired to collection of the '5000 *'5x1000/litres of milk.

etRs compare to the aboe points to co(operatie society model for the'5000 litres of milk the re7uired the milk ehicle because all the mandliesand 92C centres are scatters compare to airy farm model . The aeragedistance trael by milk is about '00 km * 2ilk ehicle capacity 10000 liter.

)nd 3ehicle mileage &.5 >m!iter.

)erage C6' :mission factor for the trucks measured during the year0.0005+5 tons!km=ro4ect :mission saing =: 2ilk trans*y Ui !Ty/ VistyV:@ C6'*y

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Car'%# N!($rai$):

2"


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CAR*ON EMISSION DE TO ONE LAC LITER PER DA+ /1LLPD

COLLECTION CO-OPERATIE MODEL .

,ctivity /o; chart /or coection moe i! a! eo; :

0i coect y /armer in 0i Can

armer !umitte mi to


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COLLECTION STATISTIC FOR ONE LLPD

3(

S".n! D&2'"i0(i!n Uni( V*#&

1 Collection of 2ilk at 3CC Can 10

' 1Can milk liter #0

# Collection of 2ilk at 3CC liter #00

& Capacity of 92C liter 10000

5 e7. of 3CC for 92C (( #&

" e7.of 1lacs for 92C (( 10

, >m 5

- >m "-0

+ >m '00

10 >m &000

11 Total istance trael >m &"-0

1' >m 1,0-'00

istance trael for 3CC to92C

Total distance trael 3CC to92C folr 1=

istance trael for 92C to=lant

Total distance trael 92C to=lant @6 1=

#"5 days traeling distance for1=


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CAR*ON EMISSION DE TO TRANSPORATION OF MIL / FARMER3S

FARM TO PLANT

TRANSPORTATION OF MIL5 BMC TO VLCC

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Sr.#% Para4!$!r D!"crip$i%# #i$ 1a(!

1 @i t&y 24"2((

2 =y ton!>tri& (.3

3 ?i!ty m 2(

4 0i =it>m (.2222

5 ?en!ity/ *>it (."4

6 %>'* 43

7 tC2>% 74.1

" ton!>m (.(((595

9 :Etran!+y tC2e 9"45.2667

0i tran!&orte in ayear

,vera*e 0i o/ the=y8 ?i!ty EC2+y


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TRANSPORTATION OF MILK BMC TO CHILLING PLANT6DAIRY PLANT

ota caron emi!!ion ue to coection o/ one ac iter mi i! aout

55676 2 $CO2

Sr.no :arameter ?e!cri&tion Unit tri& 1(

3 ?i!ty m 4((

4 0i =it>m (.2222

5 ?en!ity/ *>it (."4

6 %>'* 43

7 tC2>% 74.1

" ton!>m (.(((595

9 :Etran!+y tC2e 3474"

0i tran!&orte in ayear,vera*e 0i o/ the=y8 ?i!ty

EC2+y

Documents

Carbon Emission 1