Celebrating Diversity In The Uniformed · PDF fileEnsign Matice Wright, the Navy’s first black female naval flight officer, ... Philippine Scout, U.S. ... ranks, lifted ceilings

Celebrating Diversity In The Uniformed Services

DEOMI 2000 Calendar Cover Images

The images on the cover of the year 2000 DEOMI calendar are meant to capture the theme of the calendar, which is a celebration of diversity and multiculturalism in the uniformed services. Theseimages from left to right and top to bottom are:

U.S. Navy Chaplain Thomas W. Falkenthal gives communion to a Marine during a Catholic mass held in the snow at Silver Creek, Calif., on Feb. 2, 1997. Marines from the 2nd Marine Regiment and3rd Battalion, 8th Marines, Camp Lejeune, N.C., are at the Mountain Warfare Training Center, Bridgeport, Calif., to train in cold weather survival and arctic warfare. Photo courtesy Department ofDefense, Defense Link, Lance Cpl. E.J. Young, U.S. Marine Corps. (970202-M-8708Y-001)

Private First Class Carla Campbell, of the 82nd Airborne Division, Fort Bragg, N.C., ready to jump onto the Sicily Drop Zone as part of Joint Task Force Exercise, January, 1998. Photo courtesyDefense Visual Information, Joint Combat Camera Center. (980129-F-0697K-048)

Two color guards and color bearers of the Japanese-American 442d Combat Team stand at attention while their citations are read. They are standing on ground in the Bruyeres area, France, wheremany of their comrades fell. Photo taken November 11, 1944. Photo courtesy of U.S. Army Signal Corps Photo #20365 (Musser).

Two unidentified women Marine Corps reservists in training. Photo courtesy Defense Visual Information, Joint Combat Camera.

The helmsman aboard USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75), the Navy’s newest aircraft carrier, minds his course carefully as he steers his ship, which is the size of four and a half football fields. Trumanwas conducting Carrier Qualifications off the U.S. Atlantic coast. Photo taken December 10, 1999. U.S. Navy Photo by Photographer’s Mate 3rd Class Aaron J. Lebsack. (991210-N-9630L-502)

Corporal Hiroshi H. Miyamura, U.S. Army. Medal of Honor recipient for conspicuous gallantry against the enemy in Korea on April 24 and 25, 1951. Photo courtesy Still Pictures Branch, NationalArchives, College Park, Maryland. (SC-445917, Box 267)

Master Sgt. Roy P. Benavidez, U.S. Army. Medal of Honor recipient for a series of daring and extremely valorous actions in Vietnam on May 2, 1968, where he was credited for saving the lives of atleast eight men. Photo courtesy Congressional Medal of Honor Society.

The first Air Force all-female flight crew to fly an overseas mission included: from left to right, Capt Guiliana Sangiorgio , aircraft commander; Capt Barbara Akin, 1st pilot; 1Lt Terri Ollinger, copilot;Tech Sgt Donna Wertz, flight engineer; Staff Sgt Denise Meunier, flight engineer; Sgt Mary Eiche, load master; and Airman 1st Class Bernadette Botti. Photo courtesy Defense Visual Information,Joint Combat Camera Center. (DF-ST-84-01734)

Ensign Matice Wright, the Navy’s first black female naval flight officer, poses for a photograph. Wright is assigned to Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadron 3 (VQ-3). Photo courtesy Defense VisualInformation, Joint Combat Camera Center. (DN-SC-93-04639)

One hundred and seventeen recruits receive last orders before boarding the Coast Guard Cutter Eagle (WIX 327) for five weeks of boot camp. The Eagle, a 295-foot, three-masted tall ship,traditionally trains only cadets from the Coast Guard Academy in New London. USCG photo by PA1 Rob Wyman. (980225-L-5543W-0010)

Navajo code talkers shown on Bouganville in Solomon Islands. Photo courtesy of the U.S. Marines photo archive.

Henry O. Flipper, the first Black to graduate from West Point (1877). Photo courtesy of the U.S. Army photo archive.

General Colin Powell, U.S. Army

Born in 1937, General Colin Powell, U.S. Army, was thehighest ranking African-American officer in United Stateshistory and served as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from1989 to 1993. He served two tours of duty (1962–63, 1968–69)during the Vietnam War and later served in two command posts(commander, 2d Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, 1976–77;commander, V Corps, Europe, 1986) and staff assignments(military assistant to the Deputy Defense Secretary, 1979–81,and to the Defense Secretary 1983–86). From 1987 to 1989 hewas President Reagan's National Security Adviser. In 1989, hewas made a four–star General and appointed chairman of theJoint Chiefs of Staff. Powell played a crucial role in theplanning of U.S. strategy during the Persian Gulf War (1991).

Photo Courtesy of Department of Defense, Office of theAssistant Secretary of Defense-Public Affairs and the DefenseTechnical Information Center.

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Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday1

1969: Staff Sgt. RodneyJames Takashi Yanoearns Medal of Honorfor heroism in Vietnam. New Year’s Day

21952: COL Irene O.Galloway appointedWomen’s Army Corps(WAC) Director.

31957: COL Mary LouiseMilligan appointedDirector, WAC.

41913: YonosukeEnouye, first Japanesegraduate of U.S. NavalAcademy, class of 1891,dies.

51994: MSG NellHubbard, first enlistedwoman to retire fromservice after 20consecutive years, dies.

61943: 1LT MasaoYamada becomes firstJapanese - AmericanArmy chaplain.

Epiphany

71973: New 11-weekWAC officer/officercadet courseinaugurated. Graduatesthen attend male branchofficer course.

81965: Four Navy nursesinjured during Vietcongbombing; become firstwomen awarded PurpleHeart in Vietnam.

91943: Eight, African -American Women’sAuxiliary Army Corps(WAAC) officersreceived OCScommissions.

101912: MAJ Della H.Raney, first African -American nurse to becommissioned LT inArmy Nurse Corps,WWII, born.

111959: Mary M. Roberts,Army Nurse Corps,WWI, writer, historian,and editor of AmericanJournal of Nursing,died.

121918: Training beginsfor women recruited intoArmy Signal Corps.

131994: Secretary ofDefense announces newless restrictive groundcombat policy forwomen, rescinding 1988“risk rule.”

141995: Stimson Library,Ft. Sam Houston, TX,dedicated in memory ofCOL Julia C. Stimson,fifth Superintendent,Army Nurse Corps.

151965: First womenadvisors assigned toWomen’s Armed ForcesCorps, Vietnam.Martin Luther King Jr’s Birthday

161942: Jose Calugas,Philippine Scout, U.S.Army, awarded Medalof Honor for braveryunder attack againstJapanese in Philippines.

171943: 2LT Elsie Ott,becomes first nurse toreceive Air Medal forMeritorious Service.Martin Luther King’sBirthday (observed)

181964: COL Barbara J.Bishop this monthbecame the fifthDirector, WomenMarines.

191905: Oveta CulpHobby, founder ofWAAC, U.S. Army,born.

201920: Marcario Garcia,Army SSG (WWII),Medal of Honorrecipient, born.

211915: Fireman 2nd ClassTelesforo Trinidad,USN, earns Medal ofHonor for heroismduring a fire aboard USSSan Diego.

221943: Ruth CheneyStreeter becomes firstDirector, WomenMarines, with rank ofcolonel this month.

23Alene B. Duerkappointed ENS in NavyNurse Corps (1943),became Navy’s firstwoman RADM in 1972.

241985: Maj Ellison S.Onizuka, USAF, servesas mission specialist onfirst DOD space shuttlemission.

251991: Melissa Rathburn-Nealy, first U.S. enlistedfemale POW (Gulf War)& first since WWII, isrepatriated.

261943: BG Sherian GraceCadoria, first womanAfrican - Americangeneral officer, U.S.Army, born.

271933: Leo Márequez, LtGen, USAF, is born inParalta, NM.

281926: Harold Gonsalves,Medal of Honorrecipient and MarineCorps PFC (WWII),born.

291932: Máximo Yabes,Medal of Honorrecipient and Army 1SG(Vietnam War), is bornin Lodi, CA.

30This month in 1945, theNavy dropped the colorbar against African -American nurses.

311929: Richard Cavazos,first Hispanic four-stargeneral, is born in KingRanch, TX.

2000

January 2000Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Three commanding four-star officers Pictured, clockwise, are three four-star officers; General Johnnie E. Wilson, U.S. Army;Admiral J. Paul Reason, U.S. Navy; and General Lloyd W. "Fig" Newton, U.S. Air Force.

As of September 1998, with General Wilson’s appointment as commander of the ArmyMateriel Command, Alexandria, Va., this marks the first time that the three military

departments have had African Americans as (major command) commanders at the sametime. General Newton is commander of the Air Education and Training Command,

Randolph Air Force Base, Texas; and Admiral Reason is commander of the Atlantic Fleet inNorfolk, Va., and the first African-American four-star admiral.

Photos Courtesy of the Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant Secretary of DefensePublic Affairs and the Defense Technical Information Center.

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

African-AmericanHistoryMonth

11978: Women enlistingin the Armed Forceshave a 6-year reserveobligation startingtoday.

21943: JapaneseAmerican 442nd

Regimental CombatTeam is activated.

Groundhog Day

31942: Willibald C.Bianchi, U.S. Army,earned Medal of Honorfor gallantry andintrepidity, Bataan,Philippines.

41976: First two womenUSCG Academy cadetsoffered appointments.

51941: Chief NurseMarion B. Olds andNurse Leona Jackson,USN, arrives in Guam.

61943: War Departmentsets goal of graduating750 pilots fromWomen’s FlyingTraining Detachment.

71944: LTs Carrie Sheetzand Marjorie Morrow,Army Nurse Corps,killed in bombing of 95th

Evacuation Hospital,Anzio, Italy.

81972: Navy authorizesPilot ProgramScholarships for womenwho commit to servingfour years active duty.

91930: Angelo D. Juárez,MG, U.S. ArmyReserve, is born inChicago, IL.

101970: John P. Baca, U.S.Army, earns Medal ofHonor for gallantry andintrepidity for action inVietnam.

111920: Gen Daniel“Chappie” James, born.Promoted to four-starrank in 1974, thusbecoming highest-ranking black officer inUSAF.

121945: WAC African -American 6888th PostalDirectory Battalionreturns from Europe;only Afr.– Amer. WACunit to serve overseas.Lincoln’s Birthday

131945: Manuel Perez,U.S. Army, earns Medalof Honor for courageand heroism, PhilippineIslands.

141988: Secretary ofDefense reaffirms policyagainst sexualharassment duringArmed Forces PersonnelCouncil meeting.

Valentine’s Day

151994: 1Lt Jeannie Flynncompletes training on F-15E fighters, becomingfirst USAF femalecombat pilot.

161988: This month aDOD directive(1300.170) entitled,“Accommodation ofReligious Practicewithin MilitaryService,” issued.

171942: 1LT Mary AnnSullivan earns theLegion of Merit forvalor behind Germanlines in North Africa.

181943: First class ofArmy flight nursesgraduates.

191942: U.S. WarDepartment authorizesfirst Filipino infantrybattalion from amongFilipino Americans.

201943: 1,200 Filipinosserving in the U.S.Armed Forces grantedcitizenship.

211913: Georgia “Tiny”Broadwick tests newparachute called “lifeboat” for U.S. Army.

Washington’s Birthday (observed)

221944: Jack C.Montgomery, aCherokee Indian and1LT with the 45th

Infantry, earns Medal ofHonor for action inPadiglione, Italy.

231945: Ira HamiltonHayes, a Pima NativeAmerican, plays a majorrole in fighting at IwoJima, becomes one ofthe famous main flagraisers.

241992: Bertha DworskyHenderson, POW inCorregidor duringWWII, dies.

251944: 24 Members ofSquadron 10, the first allAfrican - Americannavigators, arecommissioned.

261958: USAF Lt ColSusan J. Helms born; toserve in second crew onNASA’s first spacestation launch.

271991: MAJ RhondaCornum, Army FlightSurgeon, shot down overIraq, captured as POWin Gulf War.

281954: First WACOfficer AdvancedCourse opened at WACSchool, Ft. Lee, VA thismonth.

291998: Harvey C.Russell, first AfricanAmerican commissionedin USCG, died thismonth. Served inWWII.

2000

February 2000Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Signing of Public Law 90-130

President Lyndon B.Johnson signs Public Law 90-130, November 8, 1967. Thelaw opened promotions forwomen to general and flagranks, lifted ceilings on otherranks, and removed the twopercent ceiling on thenumber of women allowed onactive duty.

Photo Courtesy of ArmedForces Information Service.


Women’sHistoryMonth

11991: Army MAJ MarieT. Rossi, flying a CH-47D Chinook cargohelicopter in DesertStorm, killed in a crash.

21973: Women beginpilot training for theU.S. Navy.

31994: Secretary ofDefense enacts the PerryMandate, furtherrefining equalopportunity throughoutthe DOD.

41977: Janna Lambine,USCG, receives herwings and begins flyinghelicopters as firstwoman USCG pilot.

51998: Lt Col EileenMarie Collins, USAF,named first womanspace shuttlecommander.

61991: PVT AdrienneMitchell killed in aSCUD attack, DesertStorm, is buried withfull honors, RiversideNational Cemetery.

71942: First five African- American cadetscommissioned as U.S.Army Air Corps pilots.

Shrove Tuesday

81945: Phyllis Daleybecomes the firstAfrican - AmericanENS, Navy NurseCorps.

Inter. Women’s DayAsh Wednesday

91976: 119 womenaccepted for admissionto the U.S. MilitaryAcademy as class of1980, of which 61graduate.

101945: Navy and civiliannurses interned at LosBanos, Philippines,flown back to U.S.;awarded Bronze Starmedals.

111901: Dita H. Kinneyofficially appointed firstSuperintendent, ArmyNurse Corps, thismonth.

121991: Army MAJ MarieT. Rossi, the onlywoman pilot killed inGulf War, interred atArlington NationalCemetery.

131991: SPC MelissaRathburn-Nealy & MAJRhonda Cornum, U.S.Army, decorated withPurple Heart, POW, andNational Defensemedals in Desert Storm.

141917: Henry Johnson,U.S. Army, awardedCroix de Guerre fromFrench government forsingle-handedly fightingan entire German patrol.

151947: John Lee becomesfirst African - Americancommissioned officer inthe regular Navy.

161996: Jewish WarVeterans of the UnitedStates, oldest activenational veterans'service organization inAmerica, celebratescentennial.

171969: Sgt Barbara J.Dulinsky, first WomanMarine ordered intocombat, arrives inVietnam.

St. Patrick’s Day Festival of Sacrifice

181994: Bruce L.Yamashitacommissioned as a Captafter a 5-year groundbreaking legal battleagainst USMC fordiscrimination.

191945: Silvestres Herrera,U.S. Army, earns Medalof Honor for courageand heroism in France.

201969: Teruo TerryKawamura, U.S. ArmyMedal of Honorrecipient, killed inaction, South Vietnam.

211983: LT ElizabethToedt completes firstoperational all-femalecrew carrier landing in aC-1A.

Purim

221917: Loretta Walshbecomes first woman toenlist in U.S. Navy.

231996: SGT HeatherJohnson becomes firstwoman to stand watch atthe Tomb of theUnknowns, ArlingtonNational Cemetery.

241997: President Clintonnominates MG ClaudiaJ. Kennedy,DCS/Intelligence,Army’s first woman 3-star general.

251944: The last 2 of 13Army Flight Nurses on aNov. 1943 evacuationflight from Sicily toBari, with emergencylanding in Albania,escape.

261930: DACOWITSmember and SupremeCourt Justice, SandraDay O’Connor, born.

271964: Army nursesbegin participating inrelief operations to aidvictims of a violentearthquake in Alaska.

281962: Troy Devine, firstwoman captain in USAFU-2 program, born.

291973: Last of more than5,000 nurses leaveVietnam two monthsafter cease-fire.

301968: SGM YzettaNelson becomes firstwoman promoted toCommand SGM.

311963: Capt EdwardDwight, Jr., USAF,first African Americanchosen for astronauttraining.

2000

March 2000Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

MCPO Vincent W. Patton III

USCG

Master Chief Petty Officer Vincent W.Patton is the United States Coast Guard’s topenlisted member and the first African Americanin this position. Patton is the principal advisorto the Coast Guard commandant on quality-of-life issues, career development, workenvironment, and other personnel functionsassociated with the service’s 36,000 enlistedactive duty members. Patton joined the USCGin 1972 and holds multiple degrees, including aMaster’s and Doctorate, and is a graduate of theUSCG Chief Petty Officer’s Academy, the U.S.Sergeants Major Academy (with distinction),and the Defense Equal OpportunityManagement Institute. He was principaldeveloper of the USCG enlistment evaluationsystem in 1984, and co-authored the 1991Women in the Coast Guard study.

Photo Courtesy of Department of Transportation/United States Coast Guard.[990820-I-0000A-001]


1991: 1LT Susan E.Meckfessel becomes thefirst U.S. MilitaryAcademy graduateappointed to ArmyNurse Corps.

21980: Secretary ofDefense announcesWAAC service will beconsidered activemilitary service with allVeterans Administrationlaws applicable.

31992: Naval TrainingCenter graduates firstfive mixed-genderrecruit companies,Orlando, FL.

41975: Capt MaryKlinker killed inOperation Babylift;posthumously awardedAirman’s Medal forHeroism andMeritorious Service.

51991: PO Shirley MarieCross, Operation DesertStorm and DesertShield, dies in combat.

61945: PFC Sadao S.Munemori, 442nd, earnsMedal of Honor forsupreme heroism incombat, Italy.

Islamic New Year

71992: This month CarolD. Keehner becomesNavy’s first womanSeabee Master Chief.

81971: Susanne M.Ocobok becomes firstwoman industrial-civilengineer in USAF,Kelley AFB, TX.

91972: LTC Gero Iwai,U.S. Army (Ret.)earliest and most seniorJapanese American toserve in militaryintelligence, dies.

101987: NY StateLegislature adoptsresolution designatingweek of June 1 WomenVeteran’s BenefitsWeek.

111968: 312th ArmyNurses EvacuationHospital deployed,Vietnam.

121943: Chinese AmericanDorothy Yang receivesdiploma and wings;becomes first WASPpilot this month.

131917: As U.S. entersWWI, 200 womenenlist as Navy yeomen,and 403 Army nurseswere on active duty todate.

141973: Supreme Courtrules it unconstitutionalfor the DOD to requirewomen to provide proofthat claims ofdependents are valid.

151986: Maj Fernando L.Ribas-Dominici, USAFpilot, is shot down andkilled by hostile firenear Libya.

161979: Beverly Kelleybecomes first womancommander of a USCGship. Palm Sunday

171943: Edith Greenwoodbecomes first woman toreceive the SoldiersMedal.

181979: LTJG BeverlyKelly, USCG, tookcommand of the CGCCape Newagen, one ofthe first women to do so.

191945: David M.Gonzales, U.S. Army,earns Medal of Honor inthe Philippines forexceptional bravery.

201994: Maj Jackie Parker,becomes first AirNational Guard combatpilot. First Day of Passover

211966: PFC Milton L.Oliver is first Af. Amer.to receive the Medal ofHonor in Vietnam War. Good Friday

221942: First Filipinoinfantry battalion, U.S.Army, activated, CampSan Luis Obispo, CA.

231995: Geraldine Pratt,first woman Director,WAF turned 100 thismonth. Easter Sunday

241951: CPL Hiroshi H.Miyamura, U.S. Army,earns Medal of Honor inKorea.

251998: John B.Herrington, USAF, firstNative American tograduate from NASAtraining program.

261923: Cleto Rodríguez,Medal of Honorrecipient and U.S. Armysergeant (WWII), bornin Texas.

271957: Naomi McCrakenbecomes first womanUSAF Academy staffmember as AssistantDirector, Cadet Records.

281945: PFC Alejandro R.Renteria Ruiz, U.S.Army, earns Medal ofHonor inOkinawa.

291956: First three Armynurses arrive inVietnam.

301975: Marine MasterSgt Juan J. Valdéz is lastto leave U.S. Embassyin Vietnam as war ends.

2000

April 2000Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Brigadier General Benjamin O. Davis

Brigadier General Benjamin O. Davis (1877-1970) was the first African-American general in theUnited States Army, having risen from the rank ofprivate. His son, Benjamin Oliver Davis, Jr., (born1912) was the first African-American Air Forcegeneral (1954-65), and lieutenant general (1965-70).

Although success came late in his militarycareer, Davis was nonetheless a tireless proponentof desegregation and equal civil rights despiteprofessional and personal hardships, and isconsidered a significant force in shaping the futureachievements of African Americans.

Photo courtesy Still Pictures Branch, NationalArchives, College Park, Maryland. NWDNS-111-SC-192258

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thrusday Friday Saturday

Asian –PacificHeritageMonth

11950: First direct Armycommissions offered towomen collegegraduates.

21968: Roy P. Benavidez,Special Forces, earnsMedal of Honor fordaring and extremelyvalorous action inVietnam.

3As of May 1999, 46,995Asian - PacificAmericans are onactive-duty.

41977: Army Board forCorrection of MilitaryRecords restores Medalof Honor to Dr. Mary E.Walker – first femalerecipient of award(1864).

51995: Col Betty L.Mullis becomes firstwoman to command aUSAF flying wing – the940th Air RefuelingWing. Cinco de Mayo

61999: RADM EvelynFields becomes firstwoman to takecommand of a U.S.government ship forNOAA.

71947: CPT MaryHallaren appointedWAC director.

81991: House ArmedServices Committeevotes to allow women toserve in combat militaryaircraft.

91993: USAF this monthdeclares all aircraftassignments open towomen.

101983: First all-femaleC-141 USAF aircrewmakes overseas flight.

111978: Margaret A.Brewer is appointed firstUSMC general.

121940: Benjamin O.Davis becomes the firstAfrican-Americangeneral in U.S. ArmedForces.

131981: Elizabeth AnneRowe becomes firstwoman graduate, U.S.Navel Academy, thismonth.

141973: Supreme courtrules women must betreated equally withmen in all matters ofdependency andentitlements; DODauthorizes back pay.

Mother’s Day

151987: Hoang Nhu Tran,a former Vietnameseboat person, graduatesfirst in his class, USAFAcademy.

161983: LT Leslie E.Provow, Naval Aviator,becomes first womandesignated LandingSignal Officer thismonth.

171978: First women – onefrom each of the fiveArmed Services – debutas members of WhiteHouse Honor Guard.

181953: JacquelineCochran becomes firstwoman to pilot anaircraft supersonically.

191908: U.S. Navy NurseCorps established thismonth.

201953: USCG Academygraduate and USCGCommander, ClydeKazuto Watabe, born.

211951: SGT Joseph C.Rodriguez, U.S. Army,earns Medal of Honorfor risking his life whileunder attack, Korea.

221943: First African -American WAC unitassigned to 5th ServiceCommand, arrives atCamp Atterbury, IN.

231944: Van Barefoot, aChoctaw Indian and2LT earns a Medal ofHonor in Anzio, Italy,for action above andbeyond the call of duty.

241970: WO Louis R.Rocco, U.S. Army,earns Medal of Honorfor distinguishinghimself duringevacuation maneuvers,Vietnam.

251977: USCG Academyannounces women willbe assigned permanentduty afloat for first timein USCG history.

261943: PVT Joe P.Martinez, U.S. Army,earns Medal of Honorfor gallantry andintrepidity in action onAttu, Aleutians.Awarded posthumously.

271942: PVT Dorie Millerawarded Navy Cross forcourage for shootingdown at least twoJapanese airplanesduring Pearl Harborattack.

281941: CongresswomanEdith Nurse Rogersintroduces bill HR 4906to establish WAAC.

291997: Capt Amy LynnSvoboda, first womanpilot fatality in USAF,dies after A-10Thunderbolt crashesduring training. Memorial Day

301974: Congress reducesminimum enlistment agefor women to coincidewith men.

311951: CPL Rodolfo P.Hernandez, U.S. Army,earns Medal of Honorfor bravery under fire,Korea.

2000

May 2000Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

General Eric K. Shinseki, Chief of StaffUnited States Army

General Shinseki assumed duties as the 34th Chief of Staff, United States Army, on 22 June 1999. General Shinseki graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1965 with a Bachelor ofScience Degree. He also holds a Master of Arts Degree in English Literature from Duke University.General Shinseki’s military education includes the Armor Officer Advanced Course, the United StatesArmy Command and General Staff College, and the National War College. Since his commissioning, General Shinseki has served in a variety of command and staffassignments both in the Continental United States and overseas, to include two combat tours with the9th and 25th Infantry Divisions in the Republic of Vietnam as an Artillery Forward Observer and asCommander of Troop A, 3rd Squadron, 5th Cavalry. He has served in Hawaii at Schofield Barrackswith Headquarters, United States Army Hawaii, and Fort Shafter with Headquarters, United StatesArmy Pacific. He has taught at the United States Military Academy’s Department of English. During duty with the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment at Fort Bliss, Texas, he served as theRegimental Adjutant and as the Executive Officer of its 1st Squadron. General Shinseki’s ten-plus yearsof service in Europe included assignments as the Commander, 3rd Squadron, 7th Cavalry (Schweinfurt);the Commander, 2nd Brigade, (Kitzingen); the Assistant Chief of Staff G3 (Operations, Plans andTraining) (Wuerzburg); and the Assistant Division Commander for Maneuver (Schweinfurt), all withthe 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized). He served as the Assistant Chief of Staff, G3 (Operations,Plans and Training), VII Corps (Stuttgart). General Shinseki served as the Deputy Chief of Staff forSupport, Allied Land Forces Southern Europe (Verona, Italy), an element of the Allied CommandEurope. From March 1994 to July 1995, General Shinseki commanded the 1st Cavalry Division at FortHood, Texas. In July 1996, he was promoted to lieutenant general and became the Deputy Chief of Staff forOperations and Plans, United States Army. In June 1997, General Shinseki was appointed to the rank ofgeneral before assuming duties as the Commanding General, United States Army Europe; Commander,Allied Land Forces Central Europe; and Commander, NATO Stabilization Force in Bosnia-Herzegovina. General Shinseki assumed duties as the 28th Vice Chief of Staff, United States Army on24 November 1998. General Shinseki has been awarded the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, Distinguished ServiceMedal, Legion of Merit (with Oak Leaf Clusters), Bronze Star Medal with “V” Device (with 2 Oak

Leaf Clusters), Purple Heart (with Oak Leaf Cluster), Meritorious Service Medal (with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters), Air Medal, Army Commendation Medal (with Oak Leaf Cluster),Army Achievement Medal, Parachutist Badge, Ranger Tab, Office of the Secretary of Defense Identification Badge, Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge, and the Army StaffIdentification Badge. Photo Courtesy of Department of Defense.


1912: José M. López,Medal of Honorrecipient and ArmySergeant (WWII), isborn in Mission, TX. Ascension Day

21948: Congress passesPL 625, the Women’sArmed Services Act,establishing a permanentplace for women inArmed Forces.

31949: Wesley A. Brownbecomes first AfricanAmerican to graduatefrom U.S. NavalAcademy.

41920: ArmyReorganization Actauthorizes relative rankfor Army women.

51943: 11 African -American WAC officerscommissioned aftergraduating from 31st

OCS class.

61999: USMC Brig GenFrances C. Wilsonassumes command ofthe 3rd Force ServiceSupport Group; onlyfemale general officer inUSMC.

71904: Kiro Kunitomo,one of the first Japanesegraduates of the U.S.Naval Academy, dies.

81990: CDR RosemaryMariner becomes firstNavy woman tocommand a fleet jetsquadron. Ascension Day (Orthodox)

91994: Navy’s AnnualAviation CommandScreening Board reportsthe highest number ofwomen ever selected.(5/17) 1st Day of Shavuot

101983: LT ColleenNevius becomes firstwoman naval aviator tograduate from USN TestPilot School and bedesignated Navy TestPilot.

111970: COLs Elizabeth P.Hoisington, WAC Dir.,and Anna Mae Hays,Army Nurse Corps,become first women toobtain BG rank. Pentecost

121995: Rebecca Marierbecomes first female tograduate from U.S.Military Academy asfirst in class.

131980: Donna Mallergraduates and iscommissioned, U.S.Military Academy, oneof 13 Jewish cadets, thismonth.

141945: COL Florence A.Blanchfiled, Chief,Army Nurse Corps,awarded distinguishedService Medal forleadership in WWII. Flag Day

151955: LTC Ruby G.Bradley awardedFlorence NightingaleMedal while a JapanesePOW in WWII, and forservice in Korea.Mohammed’s Birthday

161927: TheodoreKalakuka becomes firstUkranian American tograduate from U.S.Military Academy.Eventually attains rankof colonel.

171993: Lt Col PatriciaFornes becomes firstwoman to command acombat squadron upontaking over 740th MissileSquadron, Minot AFB,ND.

181991: Senate ArmedServices Subcommitteeon Manpower andPersonnel hold firsthearing on liftingcombat restriction forwomen. Father’s DayPentecost (Orthodox)

191947: COL Florence A.Blanchfield, Chief,Army Nurse Corps,becomes first womanwith permanentcommission.

201997: USCG announcesit will name a cutter tohonor Alex Haley, thefirst USCG ChiefJournalist and author ofRoots.

211968: SPC HectorSantiago-Colon, U.S.Army, posthumouslyawarded Medal ofHonor for action aboveand beyond the call ofduty in Vietnam.

221944: House ofRepresentatives rejectslegislation that wouldmilitarize the WASP.

231949: Emilio A. de laGarza, Jr., Medal ofHonor recipient andMarine Corps lancecorporal, born inChicago, IL.

241922: Alejandro R.Rentería-Ruiz, Medal ofHonor recipient andArmy private first class(WWII), is born,Loving, NM.

251941: Fair EmploymentPractices Commissionestablished underexecutive order toprohibit racialdiscrimination indefense industry.

261944: All JapaneseAmerican 442dRegimental CombatTeam begins first of fivemajor Europeancampaigns.

271950: 13 platoons ofMarine Corps Women’sReserve mobilized for‘involuntary service’ inKorean War, this month.

281998: This month RabbiAaron Landes honoredfor 36 years as Navychaplain. Only rabbi tohold rank of rearadmiral.

291943: USCG Academybecomes first of serviceacademies to acceptwomen for auxiliarytraining.

301975: Secretary ofDefense endsinvoluntary discharge ofpregnant women andmothers.

2000

June 2000Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Three Native American Marine Corpswomen reservists, during WWII

Photographed at Camp Lejune, NorthCarolina, are (left to right) Minnie SpottedWolf, a Blackfoot Native American; Celia Mix,a Potawatomi Native American; and ViolaEastman, a Chippewa Native American.Minnie Spotted Wolf was the first Native-American woman enlisted as a Marine CorpsReservist, July 1941. [US Marine CorpsPhotograph. October 16, 1943]

Photo courtesy Still Pictures Branch, NationalArchives, College Park, Maryland. 208-NS-4350-2


1949: Air Force NurseCorps established.

21964: This monthMargaret E. Baileybecomes first African -American nursepromoted to lieutenantcolonel, and latercolonel.

31990: Women MarinesAssociation celebrates30th anniversary.

41994: Maj Gen CarolMutter becomes thenhighest-ranking womanin US military, receiving2-star rank from MarineCorps.

Independence Day

51943: Oveta CulpHobby appointedDirector, WACcommissioned ascolonel, U.S. Army.

61918: Women NurseCorps redesignatedArmy Nurse Corps byArmy ReorganizationAct this month.

71976: First class ofwomen admitted to U.S.Military Academyenrolled.

81974: Rev. Alice M.Hendersoncommissioned captain inArmy Chaplains Corps,the first AfricanAmerican to do so sincethe Civil War.

91965: Army SFC IssacCamacho, escapes after20 months as POW inVietnam.

101942: First enlistmentsfor WAAC.

111943: Minnie SpottedWolf, Native AmericanBlackfoot, becomes firstNative American inWomen’s Marine Corps.

121990: CDR RosemaryBryant Mariner, USN,becomes first womanselected to command anoperational aviationsquadron.

131982: LCDR BarbaraAllen, first woman to bedesignated a NavalAviator, killed in atraining flight.

141944: WAC contingentarrives in Norway.

151950: PFC Ralph E.Días, USMC, Medal ofHonor recipient(Vietnam), born.

161971: Jeanne M. Holmbecomes first womanUSAF general.

171917: Army PFCSilvestre S. Herrera,Medal of Honorrecipient (WWII), bornin El Paso, TX.

181918: Austrian-bornLouis Cukela, Sgt,USMC, becomes Medalof Honor recipient forextraordinary heroism,France.

191993: WWII hero SGTRoy H. Matsumotoinducted into U.S.Army Ranger Hall ofFame.

201942: First class offemale officers inhistory of U.S. ArmedForces begin, Ft. DesMoines, IA.

211953: U.S. NOAAgeophysicist Ngar-Chueng Lau born.

221988: Mary-AgnesBrown, VeteransAdministration lawyerwho headed WAC inSouth Pacific duringWWII, dies.

231993: 2Lt Sarah Dealbecomes first WomanMarine selected fornaval aviation training.

241953: AmbrosioGuillen, USMC, earnsMedal of Honor forrisking his life, Korea.

251996: Marine Corps LtGen Carol A. Mutterbecomes first woman 3-star general in history.

261948: Executive order#9981 signed byPresident Trumanintegrated the ArmedServices.

271920: Joe P. Martínez,Medal of Honorrecipient and Armyprivate (WWII), born inTaos, NM.

281944: Naval SecretaryForrestal recommendsthat African-Americanwomen be admittedequally with whitewomen.

291940: Cpt Jay R.Vargas, USMC, Medalof Honor recipient(Vietnam), born.

301982: ENS JannineWeiss becomes firstenlisted woman toreceive wings under newLimited Duty Program.

311948: Vietta Bates thismonth becomes firstenlisted woman sworninto the regular U. S.Army.

2000

July 2000Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Members of the all-Hispanic 65th Infantry Division, Puerto Rico

By August 1950 the Korean War was lessthan two months old, and Puerto Rico's 65thInfantry Regiment was on its way to thecombat zone. The regiment landed at the portcity of Pusan on the Korean Peninsula'ssouthern tip, where U.S. forces had beenholding a perimeter against the CommunistNorth Korean invaders. Sent into actionimmediately, the Puerto Ricans took part in theU.S. breakout and drive to the north. LateJanuary 1951 found them south of the Koreancapital of Seoul, under orders to take two hillsbeing held by the Chinese 149th Division. Theassault began on January 31st, and took threedays. On the morning of the third day the top ofthe hills were within reach, and two battalionsof the 65th fixed bayonets and charged straightat the enemy positions. The Chinese fled.

During its service in Korea, the men of the65th Infantry won four Distinguished ServiceCrosses and 125 Silver Stars. The "TheBorinqueneers" were also awarded thePresidential and Meritorious UnitCommendations, two Korean Presidential UnitCitations and the Greek Gold Medal forBravery. The 65th Infantry Regiment's gallantservice in a difficult war is best represented byits regimental motto, "Honor and Fidelity," andthe regiment itself exemplifies the NationalGuard's leading role in our nation's militaryhistory.

Photo courtesy of Department of Defense, U.S.Army Center for Military History.


1984: MG John Fughbecomes first ChineseAmerican promoted togeneral officer in U.S.Army.

21990: United Nationsforces begin to form forOperation Desert Storm:26,000 womenparticipate, 13 die.

31942: Mildred H.McAffee becomes firstwoman officer sworninto Naval Reserve.

41997: First 10 femaleofficers graduate fromthe USAFUndergraduate PilotTraining Program.

51985: BG Wilma L.Vaught, U. S. Army,Commander of U.S.Military EntranceProcessing, retires.

61942: First officialWAAC parades andreview, Ft. Des Moines,IA., held this month.

71956: First foreignwomen officers (6 fromBurma) entered WACOfficer Basic Class.

81996: The Navy’s firstMuslim chaplain issworn in by Secretary ofthe Navy.

91989: Kristen Bakerbecomes first womanBrigadier Commanderand First Captain, Corpsof Cadets, U.S. MilitaryAcademy.

101942: This month 120women officers arecommissioned directlyas ENS or LTJG andreport for indoctrinationat the Midship School,Smith College.

111951: DACOWITSestablished to interpretthe public role ofwomen in ArmedServices and promoteservice careers.

121918: Opha MaeJohnson becomes first of305 women accepted forduty in Marine CorpsReserve.

131932: Edward Gómez,Medal of Honorrecipient and MarineCorps private (KoreanWar), born in Omaha,NE.

141997: President Clintonissues new guidelinesclarifying andreinforcing the right ofreligious expressionwithin the DOD.

151942: WAAC receivesofficial approval fromWar Department.

161995: Oveta CulpHobby, Director, WAC,during WWII, dies.

171917: Army nursesBeatrice M. MacDonaldand Helen McClellandreceive DistinguishedService Cross forservice in Belgium.

181908: Ester VoorheesHasson becomes firstSuperintendent, U.S.Navy Nurse Corps.

191944: WAC advanceparty arrives in Paris thismonth.

201945: This month, 2½years after founding, theMarine Corps Women’sReserve has 17,640women and 820 officerson duty.

211950: Army beginsvoluntary recall of WACenlisted reservists andcompany grade WACOrganized ReserveCorps officers.

221998: Carol C. Elliott,U.S. Army, promoted toBG – Vice Director forIntelligence, J2.

231944: Antonia Novello,the first woman and firstHispanic U.S. SurgeonGeneral (1990-1993),with 3-star rank(VADM), born.

241973: Army authorizesWAC enlistees to enterparachute riggertraining.

251950: All-Hispanic 65th

Infantry Regiment,nicknamed the“Borinqueneers,”embark for Korea fromPuerto Rico.

261959: Kathryn P. Hire,CDR, USNR, andNASA astronaut, born.First woman aviator toserve with a combatsquadron.

271978: Margaret Brewerbecomes first to achieverank of brigadiergeneral, USMC, thismonth.

281969: Lance Cpl, JoseFrancisco Jimenez,USMC, posthumouslyawarded Medal ofHonor for gallantry andservice,Vietnam.

291942: First WAAC OCSclass graduates 434women as 3rd Officers(equivalent to a 2LT).

301983: Lt Col GuionBluford Jr. becomes thefirst African Americanin space.

31Today: Women MarinesAssociation celebrate40th anniversary.

2000

August 2000Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Second Lieutenant ErnestChilders, U.S. Army

A Creek Native American Indian, LieutenantErnest Childers is shown being congratulated byGeneral Jacob L. Devers after receiving the Medal ofHonor in Italy. Lieutenant Childers distinguishedhimself during an attack on an enemy machinegunnest by single-handedly wiping out two enemysnipers and taking two of the enemy nests. Heserved with the United States Army 45th InfantryDivision during World War II.

Photo courtesy Still Pictures Branch, NationalArchives, College Park, Maryland. NWDNS-208-N-24772


HispanicHeritageMonth(15 Sep – 15 Oct)

11979: Hazel W. Johnsonbecomes first African -American womangeneral officer uponbecoming Chief, ArmyNurse Corps.

21993: William ShaoChang Chen, U.S.Army, the first Chinese -American major general,retires this month.

31982: Roscoe Robinson,Jr. becomes first AfricanAmerican to bepromoted to 4 - stargeneral in US Army.

41943: 442d RegimentalCombat Team lands inItaly. Over a thousandPurple Hearts wereearned by the battalion. Labor Day

51956: Army SpecialForces member andmilitary physician PaulSteven Chang born.

61946: Army PFC CarlosJames Lozada, Medal ofHonor recipient(Vietnam War), is bornin Caguas, PR.

71977: During NATOexercises in Germany,1,500 U.S. ArmedForces womenparticipate for the firsttime.

81939: U. S. declaresstate of limitedemergency in responseto war in Europe; 625Army and 430 Navynurses activated.

91942: Nancy HarknesLove organizes 25women pilots intoWAFS this month.

101932: SGT Leroy A.Mendonca, U.S. Army,Medal of Honorrecipient during KoreanWar, born.

111952: Ceremony at theWhite Housecommemorates the firstissue of U.S. PostalService stamp honoringwomen in the military.

Rosh Hashanah

121979: LT Megan C. Jansbecomes Pilot inCommand for Army’sfirst all-woman flightcrew flying the Hueyhelicopter in support ofNATO exerciseReforger.

131957: MAJ Kathleen W.Phillips assignedconsultant, NursingAudio-Visual Education,Armed Forces Instituteof Pathology,Washington, DC.

141942: Army Air Forceapproves WFTDprogram to train womento serve as ferryingpilots.

151950: 1Lt BaldomeroLopez, USMC, awardedMedal of Honorposthumously forbravery in action, Korea.

161989: PVT DavidBarkley recognized asthe Army’s firstHispanic Medal ofHonor recipient. Hisheritage came to light 71years after giving his lifein WWI.

171951: PFC Herbert K.Pililaau, U.S. Army,awarded Medal ofHonor for servicebeyond the call of dutyin Korea.

181951: First meeting ofDACOWITS held.

191950: 11 Navy nurses enroute to assignment atNaval Hospital,Yokosuka, Japan, die inplane crash upontakeoff, KwajaleinIsland.

201914: Dora E.Thompson appointedSuperintendent, ArmyNurse Corps, firstregular Army nurse tobe so designated.

211989: General ColinPowell confirmed byU.S. Senate asChairman, Joint Chiefsof Staff, and firstAfrican American to be so designated.

221943: 2LT ErnestChilders, a NativeAmerican Creek Indian,U.S. Army, earnsMedal of Honor forextreme bravery in Italy.

231977: USCGMorganthau becomesfirst cutter to operatewith women assigned aspermanent crew.

241911: PVT JoséNisperos becomes firstAsian - PacificAmerican awarded aMedal of Honor forvalor in action,Philippines.

251996: White HouseNational Summit onWomenVeteran’s Issuesheld.

261948: New regularArmy enlistmentsaccepted for WAC forthe first time.

271944: Legislativeapproval givenpermitting USCGSPARS (SemperParatus/Always Ready)to serve overseas.

281977: Last WACOfficers OrientationCourse graduates, Ft.McClellan, AL.

291985: House ofRepresentatives approveHR 1378, grantingFederal land for amemorial to women inmilitary service.

301993: Polish-bornGeneral John M. D.Shalikashvili, appointedChairman, Joint Chiefsof Staff.Rosh Hashanah

2000

September 2000Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Lieutenant ColonelCarlos I. Noriega

U.S. Marine Corps Carlos Noriega, born October 8, 1959, immigrated from Lima, Peru to SantaClara, California when he was five years old. Although he spoke no Englishwhen he arrived, he graduated from Wilcox High School, Santa Clara,California, in 1977. He went on to receive a Bachelor of Science degree incomputer science from the University of Southern California, 1981. He holdsdual Master’s degrees in computer science and space systems operations fromthe Naval Postgraduate School. Noriega holds the following special honors: theDefense Superior Service Medal, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medalwith Combat Distinguishing Device, Air Medal (Strike Flight Award), NavyAchievement Medal, and NASA Space Flight Medal. Selected by NASA inDecember 1994, Noriega reported to the Johnson Space Center in March, 1995. He completed a year of training and evaluation and was qualified forassignment as a mission specialist in May 1996. He has had technicalassignments in the Astronaut Office EVA/Robotics and Operations PlanningBranches. He flew on STS-84 in 1997 and has logged over 221 hours in space. Lt.Col. Noriega will serve on the crew of STS-97, the fifth Space Shuttle missiondedicated to the assembly of the International Space Station. He is scheduled toconduct two space walks on this mission. Launch is targeted for March 2000.

Photo courtesy of NASA, public services division.


1981: Mary Clark, firstwoman named to rank ofMG, U.S. Army, retiresafter 36 years, thelongest tenure of anywoman in Army.

21951: Associate WACCompany Grade OfficerCourse initiated toobtain more womenofficers for Korean Warthis month.

31977: First combinedmale/female ArmySignal Corps Classbegins training, Ft.Gordon, GA.

41976: Early this monthWAC OCS deactivated;women to attend OCS atFt. Benning, GA.

51948: First WAC OCSclass since end ofWWII.

61997: NASA missionSTS-86, Atlantis, endssuccessfully with CDRWendy B. Lawrence,USN, in command.

71975: President Fordsigns PL 94-16mandating that womenbe admitted into militaryacademies.

81918: 1SG Johannes S.Anderson, FinnishAmerican in U.S. Army,earns Medal of Honorfor combat action underfire.

91973: Army authorizesexpansion of WAC from23,000 to 50,000 by1979.

Yom Kippur

101998: USAF museumhonors LTC (Ret.) DoraDoroughty Strother,WASP pilot of morethan 23 types of aircraft.

111994: Frederick Pangsworn in as AssistantSecretary of Defense forForce ManagementPolicy.

121966: WAC detachmentestablished for duty inVietnam.

131979: Army orderessame enlistmentqualifications for bothwomen and men.

141929: PFC FernandoLuis Garcia, USMC,Medal of Honorrecipient, born, Utuado,Puerto Rico.

Sukkot

151948: First eight womenofficers on active dutysworn in ascommissioned officersin the regular U.S.Navy.

161946: 800th WACDetachment arrives forservice in occupiedJapan.

171997: BG LillianDunlap becomes firstArmy woman to serve asPresident, OfficerPromotion Board.

18Women’s Memorial 3rd

Anniversary celebratedtoday, ArlingtonNational Cemetery.

191944: Ban on African -American women inWAVES abolished.

201944: USCG SPARSopened to African -American women.

211978: President Cartersigns bill abolishingWAC this month.

221944: SSG LucianAdams, U.S. Army, thismonth earned Medal ofHonor for bravery, St.Die, France.

Sinchat Torah

231973: BG LillianDunlap becomes firstArmy woman to serve asPresident, OfficerPromotion Board.

241961: LCDR SusanLeigh Still, USN andNASA astronaut, isborn.

251994: LT KaraHultgreen, first womanto qualify in combat-ready F-14, and third inpilot crash, killed onapproach to landingdeck of USS AbrahamLincoln.

261943: First WomenMarines report for dutyat Camp Pendleton andEl Centro, CA, thismonth.

271954: Benjamin O.Davis Jr. becomes firstAfrican - Americangeneral, USAF, thismonth.

281987: RADM Mary A.Fields becomesDirector, Navy NurseCorps and DeputyCommander, PersonnelManagement NavalMedical Command, thismonth.

291984: Congress grantsFederal charter to WACVeterans Associationunder PL 98-584 thismonth.

301917: Rabbi DavidGoldberg, first JewishNavy chaplain,appointed LT.

311996: Lt Gen Carol A.Mutter becomes the firstWoman Marine, andonly second woman inhistory of ArmedForces, to wear 3 stars.

NationalDisabilityMonth

2000

October 2000Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Private First Class Ira H. Hayes, USMC,Pima Native American

Ira Hayes, shown here in 1943 at age nineteenat Marine Corps Paratroop School, earned famefor being the only Native American and one of sixMarine flag-raisers at Iwo Jima, latermemorialized in the famous Marine Corps bronzememorial near Arlington National Cemetery.Three of those six Marines subsequently lost theirlives, and Hayes remained a reluctant and modesthero because the surviving Marines did notreceive the same recognition.

Photo courtesy Still Pictures Branch, NationalArchives, College Park, Maryland. NWDNS-75-N-PIM-33


Native-AmericanHistoryMonth

11978: BG Mary E.Clark, U.S. Army,promoted to majorgeneral, the first womanto achieve this rank.

All Saint’s Day

21988: First meeting ofMinority OfficersAssociation, anorganization dedicatedto improving minorityand female officerrecruiting and status.

31948: Col Katherine A.Towle appointed firstDirector, WomenMarines.

41977: PL 95-202 passesthis month givingWASPs veteran status.

51950: Mitchell RedCloud Jr., a WinnebagoIndian and corporal,earns Medal of Honorfor defending hiscompany in Korea, untilfatally wounded.Awarded posthumously.

61978: This month menand women began jointbasic training.

71942: Commandant ofMarine Corps approvesinclusion of women inMarine Corps Reserve,and to be calledMarines.

81967: President Johnsonsigns PL 90-130,opening positions forwomen to general andflag ranks, and removesthe 2 percent ceiling onwomen on active duty.

91995: Cheryl Stearns,first woman member,U.S. Army GoldenKnights parachute team,breaks 3 world records;completes 24 hours ofcontinuous skydiving.

101988: ENS Joy D.Warner becomes firstwoman to earn herWings of Gold throughthe newly reinstatedNAVCAD program. Veterans Day (observed)

111986: First nationalmemorial honoringNative Americanveterans dedicated atArlington NationalCemetery by theVietnam Era Veterans. Veterans Day

121930: Pvt EugeneArnold Obregón,USMC, Medal of Honorrecipient (Korean War),born in Los Angeles,CA.

131933: USAF MajorGeneral and surgeonVernon Chong born.

141988: Army announceswomen eligible to filladditional 31,287 jobs inactive forces, 6,274 inNational Guard, and1,736 in Reserves.

151917: The firstRegimental JewishChaplain, Rabbi ElkanCohen, commissioned asArmy Chaplain 1LT .

161983: “Women inMilitary” corridor at thePentagon dedicated.

171945: 60th and last WACOCS class graduates, Ft.Des Moines, IA.

181943: WAC membersbecome eligible for GIinsurance this month.

191956: Lt Col EileenMarie Collins, USAFand NASA astronautborn.

201967: PFC Carlos JamesLozada, U. S. Army,posthumously awardedMedal of Honor foraction during heavyassault, Vietnam.

211977: This month PL95-773 establishesUSCG Reserve(SPARS).

221994: Company at Ft.Leonard Wood, MO,becomes first group tocomplete mixed-genderbasic training undergender integrated policy.

231942: PresidentRoosevelt signs PL 772creating the Women’sReserve of the CoastGuard.

Thanksgiving Day

241946: 825th WACBattalion arrives forservice with Far EastCommand, TokyoJapan.

251954: Army PFCCharles George, aCherokee Indian,posthumously awardedthe Medal of Honor forcovering a grenade withhis body, thus saving hiscomrades in Korea.

261944: This monthJapanese - American442d undertook thehistoric “lost battalion”mission in France; 200killed, 600 wounded.

271991: COL Nancy R.Adams promoted tobrigadier general, andsworn in as nineteenthChief, Army NurseCorps.

281944: SSG MarcioGarcia, U.S. Army,earns Medal of Honorfor action as a squadleader, Germany. Ramadan begins

291977: Evelyn P. Footebecomes Commander,2nd Basic TrainingBattalion, FortMcClellan, AL, thismonth.

301999: DOD honorsComanche IndianCharles Chibitty, lastsurviving member ofelite Comanche ‘CodeTalkers’ in WWII.

2000

November 2000Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

First African American WAVES

Lieutenant (junior grade) Harriet IdaPickens and Ensign Frances Willes, becamethe first two African-American WAVES tobe commissioned in December, 1944. Theywere members of the first graduating classat the Naval Reserve Midshipman’s School,Northampton, Massachusetts.

Photo courtesy Still Pictures Branch,National Archives, College Park, Maryland.

NWDNS-80-G-297441


1991: BG Nancy R.Adams appointed Chief,Army Nurse Corps.

21942: First two African -American WAACcompanies completebasic training.

31948: Mary AgnesHallaren becomes firstwoman to be a regularArmy officer.

1st Sunday of Advent

41943: Executive Order45 issued exemptingKoreans from alienstatus, thus grantingthem the right to servein the U.S. military.

51968: COL Maxine B.Hichle becomes firstWAC Center and WACSchool Commander tohold rank of colonel.

61945: Ruth CheneyStreeter resigns asDirector, Marine CorpsWomen’s Reserve.

71973: Congress passeslegislation permittingwomen to serve onactive duty in USCG.

81967: Congress passesPL 90-130; equalpromotion andretirement rules for menand women officers.

91906: RADM GraceHopper, U.S. Navy,born.

101943: “Molly Marine,”first statue of a womanin uniformed service,USMC, dedicated, NewOrleans, LA.

111990: SGT MarieElliott, becomes one ofthe first members of aNational Guard unitcalled to active duty inthe Gulf War.

121980: Defense OfficerPersonnel ManagementAct signed; womenofficers in all servicebranches on same payschedule as men.

131944: Harriet IdaPickens and Frances E.Wills become firstAfrican - Americanwomen sworn into theNavy as WAVEs.

141950: Anna M.Rosenburg confirmed asAssistant Secretary ofDefense for Manpowerand Personnel.

151943: First Chinese -American officer in U.S.Marine Corps, WilburCarl Sze, commissionedas 2Lt.

161995: USS Benfolddelivered earlier thismonth; it is the firstNavy ship built to fullyaccommodate theintegration of women.

171943: PresidentRoosevelt signs repealof Chinese ExclusionAct, resulting in thedraft of 14,000 ChineseAmericans.

181948: 199 WAC officersappointed to regularArmy – the first suchincrement since womenwere integrated intoregular service.

191997: RADM Marsha J.Evans, first femaleSuperintendent, NavalPostgraduate School,relinquishes command.

201941: Congressionalresolution allows almostunlimited enlistment andemployment of FilipinoAmericans in war effort.

211952: Pamela DavisDorman, first womanNavy chaplain to servewith Marines, born.

221976: WAC Center andSchool, Ft. McClellan,AL, closed after 22years this month.

Chanukkah begins

231941: Army nursesordered to evacuateManila.

241975: Army authorizesadmission of women toArmy OCS training, Ft.Benning, GA.

251941: Five Navy nurseson Guam becomeJapanese POWs thismonth; repatriated inAugust, 1942.

Christmas Day

261967: First two WACofficers selected forArmy War College thismonth.

Kwanzaa begins

271991: PresidentialCommission onAssignment of Womenin the Armed Forcesestablished this month. Ramadan ends

281990: LCDR Darlene M.Iskra, Navy, installed asCommander of the USSOpportune salvagevessel. Chanukkah ends

291958: MAJ NancyCurrie, U.S. Army andspace shuttle astronaut,born.

301977: Army CombatExclusion Policy keepswomen out of specialtiesor units that involvedirect combat.

311933: LTG Akin Onoborn in Honolulu, HI;later becomes highestranking Asian Americanin U.S. Army.

December 2000Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

2000

Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute: Year 2000 CalendarCelebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

This calendar highlights the diversity and multiculturalism of the United States uniformed services in the twentieth century. The calendar identifies significantinstances in which minorities, including women and other under-represented groups, have advanced pluralism and democracy in America through theirdedication and service. Every attempt has been made to include the widest possible spectrum of these groups, all of whom have contributed substantially to thedevelopment of, and excellence in, all branches of the uniformed services.

In many ways, this calendar serves as a historical narrative of the involvement and contributions made by America’s diverse population to the defense andprogress of the nation. One hope for this calendar is to provide a continuum and a way of thinking about how diversity and multiculturalism informs and reflectssociety in the United States. In this regard, the individuals mentioned herein have helped shape what the military was in the twentieth century, and will be in thetwenty-first century. It should be noted that some individuals are mentioned more than once because their career achievements have been multiple and aredefined by continual development. Other individuals or groups are distinguished by single, although no less significant, acts. For example, Native American andHispanic Medal of Honor winners have been included, as are major “firsts,” such as the first African-American brigadier general, the first all-female flight crew,or the first Chinese-American major general. Religious minorities, such as Muslims and Jews are also represented. Other dates mark milestones in policy, suchas the integration of the Armed Services. Because of space limitations, the calendar is representative rather than inclusive, and thus may not mention manyworthy individuals and groups. It is hoped that the calendar will encourage readers to examine their own experiences with cultural diversity over time and in thisyear.

According to March 1999 figures from the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, racial-ethnic minorities (defined as African American, AsianAmerican, Hispanic, and Native American/Alaskan Natives) and women, account for almost 44 percent of the total active duty forces, a figure which willincrease substantially over the next several decades, and one that makes recognizing a shared history in the uniformed services all the more important.

This calendar was compiled for the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute under an Interagency Agreement with the Federal Research Division of theLibrary of Congress. For this edition of the calendar, the compiler relied, in part, on previous research conducted for earlier DEOMI calendars, and would like tocredit these works. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department ofDefense or any of its agencies.

Michael FinkLibrary of Congress/ Federal Research Division/ Washington, DC

Bibliography

A variety of sources were used to compile the day-to-day listings in this calendar. The vast resources on hand at the Library of Congress provided the majority of sources. TheInternet, was relied on for a large part of the research. A selective bibliography of the most useful sources follows.

Baron, Deborah G., and Susan B. Gall, eds. Asian American Chronology. Detroit: Gale Research, 1996.

Bellafaire, Judith A. The Women’s Army Corps: A Commemoration of World War II Service . Washington: US Army Center of Military History, 1993.

Breuer, William B. War and American Women: Heroism, Deeds, Controversy. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1997.

Carnegie, Mary Elizabeth. The Path We Tread: Blacks in Nursing Worldwide, 1854-1994. 3d ed., No. 14-2678. New York: National League for Nursing Press, 1995.

Cohen, Jerome D. Jews in American Military History. Washington: Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America, 1996.

Dever, John P., and Maria C. Dever. Women and the Miliary: Over 100 Notable Contributors, Historic to Contemporary. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 1995.

Gall, Susan B., and Irene Natividad, eds. The Asian American Almanac: A Reference Work on Asians in the United States. New York: Greenwood, 1989.

Holm, Jeanne. Women in the Military: An Unfinished Revolution. Novato, California: Presido Press, 1982.

Kanellos, Nicolas, ed. The Hispanic American Almanac. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998.

MacGregor, Morris J., Jr. Integration of the Armed Forces. Defense Studies Series. United States Army. Washington: Center of Military History, 1981.

McCullogh, Joan. First of All: Significant Firsts by American Women. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980.

Proft, R.J., publisher. United States of America’s Congressional Medal of Honor Recipients and Their Official Citations. Minnesota: Highland House II, 1994.

Sherrow, Victoria. Women and the Military: An Encyclopedia. Denver: ABC-CLIO, 1996

Smith, Jessie, ed. Black Heroes of the 20th Century. Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1998.

Stiehm, Judith Hicks, ed. It’s Our Military Too! Women and the US Military. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996.

Swisher, Karen Gyaton, and Ancita Benally, eds. Native North American Firsts. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998.

Tanaka, Chester. Go for Broke: A Pictorial History of the Japanese American 100th Battalion and the 442d Regimental Combat Team. California: Go For Broke, 1982.

United States Department of Transportation. United States Coast Guard. Women in the Coast Guard. Commandant Publication No. 5312.17. Washington: 1997.

Unterburger, Amy L., ed. Who’s Who Among the Hispanic Americans, 1994-95. Detroit: Gale Research, 1994

Unterburger, Amy L., ed. Who’s Who in the Asian American Community, 1994-95. Detroit: Gale Research, 1994.

Web Resources

http://www.af.mil/news/

http://www.dtic.mil/armylink/

http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/.www/whatsnew.html

http://www.usmc.mil/historical.nsf/table+of+contents

http://www.uscg.mil/general.html

http://www.lib.noaa.gov/

http://www.defenselink.mil/

http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/indianheritage/

http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/hispanic/

http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/aah/

http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/womenshistory/

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/index.html

http://www.nara.gov/

Since its inception in 1971, the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute at Patrick Air ForceBase has been a leader in human relations training and equal opportunity research. To date, over 20,000EO/EEO students have been trained and numerous research projects have been conducted.

Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute2000

Documents

Celebrating Diversity In The Uniformed · PDF fileEnsign Matice Wright, the Navy’s first black female naval flight officer, ... Philippine Scout, U.S. ... ranks, lifted ceilings