Cell Energy:Cell Energy:Photosynthesis & Respiration Photosynthesis & Respiration

Biology 4BBiology 4B

InvestigateInvestigate and and IdentifyIdentify cellular cellular processesprocesses including synthesis of including synthesis of

new molecules.new molecules.

How are plant & animal cells alike & How are plant & animal cells alike & different?different?

SYNTHESIS –Cells Make MoleculesSYNTHESIS –Cells Make Molecules

Cells don’t make just anything. They make molecules. And the process by which cells make molecules is called synthesis

One important molecule synthesized by plant cells is glucose. (Made in chloroplasts)

Plant and animal cells use glucose as an energy source by changing it to ATP (In the mitochondria)

Today’s Learning GoalsToday’s Learning Goals

In plants, In plants, chlorophyllchlorophyll (found in (found in chloroplasts) captures energy chloroplasts) captures energy from the sun in order to make from the sun in order to make foodfood during photosynthesis during photosynthesis

Cells release Cells release energyenergy from food from food through either through either cellular cellular respirationrespiration or or fermentationfermentation

Photosynthesis and Cellular Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are considered to Respiration are considered to be opposite. They feed each be opposite. They feed each other.other.

How Does a Plant Make It’s Own How Does a Plant Make It’s Own Food?Food?

Plants use carbon dioxide (Plants use carbon dioxide (COCO22), water (), water (HH22OO), and ), and

sun’s energysun’s energy to make food in the form of glucose. to make food in the form of glucose. This is called “This is called “photosynthesisphotosynthesis” ” The glucose gives plants The glucose gives plants energyenergy Animals get the Animals get the

energy stored in energy stored in plantsplants when they when they eat them. eat them.

GLUCOSE

How Do Plants Get Energy From Sun? How Do Plants Get Energy From Sun? Plants have Plants have pigmentspigments that absorb that absorb

energy from lightenergy from light Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are the site of are the site of

photosynthesis. They contain photosynthesis. They contain Chlorophyll (the pigment used in Chlorophyll (the pigment used in photosynthesis)photosynthesis)

CO2 enters through the stomata; O2 exits through them

What “Food” do Plants Make?What “Food” do Plants Make?

The “food” plants The “food” plants make is a make is a sugarsugar called glucose called glucose (C(C66HH1212OO66).).

Glucose and Glucose and oxygen oxygen (O(O22) are made during ) are made during

photosynthesis.photosynthesis.

How Do Organisms Get Energy How Do Organisms Get Energy From Food?From Food?

Animals cannot make their Animals cannot make their own foodown food like plants can. like plants can. But, BOTH plants and animals must But, BOTH plants and animals must break downbreak down (digest) (digest)

food in order to get food in order to get energyenergy from it (so they can live, grow, from it (so they can live, grow, & develop)& develop)

Cells do this Cells do this 22 ways: cellular respiration and fermentation ways: cellular respiration and fermentation

Cellular Respiration & FermentationCellular Respiration & Fermentation

Cellular Respiration uses Cellular Respiration uses oxygenoxygen (O (O22) to break down food) to break down food Fermentation does Fermentation does not not use use oxygenoxygen Cellular respiration releases Cellular respiration releases more energymore energy from food than from food than

Fermentation.Fermentation. So most So most eukaryoteseukaryotes

(ex: plants & animals) (ex: plants & animals) get their energy through get their energy through cellular respiration cellular respiration

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration is Cellular Respiration is a chemical process a chemical process that happens in that happens in cellscells

In prokaryotes, it In prokaryotes, it happens in the happens in the cell cell membranesmembranes

In eukaryotes, like our In eukaryotes, like our cells, it happens cells, it happens mostly in the mostly in the mitochondriamitochondria

Cells that need a lot of energy contain lots of mitochondria – (Example-heart cells which are always contacting or sperm cells which are constantly swimming)

Process of Cellular RespirationProcess of Cellular Respiration Food (glucose) is broken down into COFood (glucose) is broken down into CO22 and H and H22O and O and

energy is energy is releasedreleased CC66HH1212OO66 + 6 + 6 OO22 6 6 COCO22 + 6 + 6 HH22OO + + energyenergy (ATP) (ATP)

This energy can be used for:This energy can be used for: Keeping a constant Keeping a constant body temperaturebody temperature StorageStorage (ATP) - to be used later for things like growth (ATP) - to be used later for things like growth

What Do You Notice?What Do You Notice?

Check It Out! Compare Respiration Check It Out! Compare Respiration & Photosynthesis& Photosynthesis

Did you notice Did you notice that cellular that cellular respiration is just respiration is just the the oppositeopposite of of photosynthesis?photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis

Respiration

FermentationFermentation Happens when cells cannot Happens when cells cannot

get the get the oxygenoxygen they need for they need for cellular respirationcellular respiration

Fermentation is a way to getFermentation is a way to get energy energy when oxygen isn’t when oxygen isn’t availableavailable

Ex: In short, fast races you Ex: In short, fast races you might get a might get a burning feelingburning feeling in you in you leg musclesleg muscles because of because of a build up of a build up of lactic acidlactic acid (made during fermentation)(made during fermentation)

Pop QuizPop Quiz1) In respiration cells use oxygen (____) and glucose 1) In respiration cells use oxygen (____) and glucose

(____) to make energy.(____) to make energy.

OO2 2 andand CC66HH1212OO6 6 are used to make ATP Energyare used to make ATP Energy

2) Which organelle carries on cellular respiration?2) Which organelle carries on cellular respiration?MITOCHONDRIAMITOCHONDRIA

3) Do plant or animal cells carry on cellular respiration?3) Do plant or animal cells carry on cellular respiration?BOTH ANIMAL & PLANT CELLS NEED ENERGYBOTH ANIMAL & PLANT CELLS NEED ENERGY

4) Do plant or animal cells carry on photosynthesis?4) Do plant or animal cells carry on photosynthesis?PLANT CELLS BECAUSE ONLY THEY HAVE PLANT CELLS BECAUSE ONLY THEY HAVE CHLOROPLASTSCHLOROPLASTS

5) What is the name for the energy produced by 5) What is the name for the energy produced by mitochondria?mitochondria?

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Pop QuizPop Quiz6) Plants use carbon dioxide (____), water (____), and the sun’s 6) Plants use carbon dioxide (____), water (____), and the sun’s

energy to make:energy to make: COCO2 2 andand HH22O are used to make GLUCOSE CO are used to make GLUCOSE C66HH1212OO66

7) Which organelle carries on photosynthesis?7) Which organelle carries on photosynthesis?CHLOROPLASTS FOUND ONLY IN CHLOROPLASTS FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLSPLANT CELLS

8) BOTH plants and animals must break down food in order to get 8) BOTH plants and animals must break down food in order to get ________from it.________from it.ENERGY IN THE FORM OF ATPENERGY IN THE FORM OF ATP

9) How are respiration and photosynthesis related?9) How are respiration and photosynthesis related?THEY ARE THE REVERSE (OPPOSITE) OF EACH OTHER.THEY ARE THE REVERSE (OPPOSITE) OF EACH OTHER.

10) Fermentation is a way to get energy when ______ isn’t available. 10) Fermentation is a way to get energy when ______ isn’t available. In humans ( ) acid is produced.In humans ( ) acid is produced.

OXYGEN and LACTIC ACIDOXYGEN and LACTIC ACID

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

Working muscle cells that are deprived of oxygen Working muscle cells that are deprived of oxygen produce:produce:

A.A. AlcoholAlcohol

B.B. Lactic AcidLactic Acid

C.C. Citric AcidCitric Acid

D.D. AcetoneAcetone

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

Which of these is a characteristic of body cells that Which of these is a characteristic of body cells that require large amounts of energy?require large amounts of energy?

A.A. They have large number of mitochondriaThey have large number of mitochondria

B.B. They have a supplementary Y chromosomeThey have a supplementary Y chromosome

C.C. They have a two-layer membraneThey have a two-layer membrane

D.D. They have a storage area for albumin proteins.They have a storage area for albumin proteins.

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration

often considered opposites?often considered opposites?

A.A. Photosynthesis produces twice as many ATP Photosynthesis produces twice as many ATP molecules as cellular respiration doesmolecules as cellular respiration does

B.B. Water is released during photosynthesis and Water is released during photosynthesis and consumed during cellular respirationconsumed during cellular respiration

C.C. Photosynthesis occurs during the day and Photosynthesis occurs during the day and cellular respiration occurs at nightcellular respiration occurs at night

D.D. Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis and Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis and used during cellular respirationused during cellular respiration

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

Which molecule provides most of the energy used to Which molecule provides most of the energy used to drive reactions in cells?drive reactions in cells?

A.A. DNADNA

B.B. RNARNA

C.C. ATPATP

D.D. ADPADP

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

Which structure regulates gas exchange during the Which structure regulates gas exchange during the processes of photosynthesis and respiration?processes of photosynthesis and respiration?

A.A. QQ

B.B. RR

C.C. SS

D.D. TTT is pointing to the guard cells which surround the openings called stomates. The guard cells open and close.

To produce 4 molecules of sugar, a plant needs-To produce 4 molecules of sugar, a plant needs-

A.A. 6 molecules of hydrogen6 molecules of hydrogen

B.B. 12 molecules of ATP12 molecules of ATP

C.C. 18 molecules of water18 molecules of water

D.D. 24 molecules of carbon dioxide24 molecules of carbon dioxide

DANA DANA CENTER CENTER

ACTIVITYACTIVITYTIMETIME