Chapter 13

Changes on the Western Frontier

Great Plains Indians1. The Horse

2. The Buffalo3. Family Life

The Lure of Gold and Silver began to run rampant among

settlers in the East

Tensions began to mount

Sand Creek Massacre

Death on the Bozeman Trail

Sioux Chief Red Cloud

Crazy Horse

Fort Laramie

Treaty of Fort Laramie

US Closed the Bozeman Trail

Sioux agreed to move to reservation

Sitting Bull only Sioux who did not sign treaty

Sitting Bull

Continued to protest the white man’s invasion of their lands

Famous for the wild west shows he was apart of

Would meet the only man who had a chance a destroying the Sioux Nation

General George A. Custer

Red Headed

Flamboyant

Cocky

Confident

Hot tempered

Stubborn

Custer, Sitting Bull, and Crazy Horse met in one ferocious battle

Battle of Little Big Horn (AKA -

Custer’s Last Stand)

Sioux Life After Custer’s Last Stand

Sitting Bull led the Indians to Canada

They remained there until 1881

To prevent his people from starving-Sitting Bull surrendered

1885 Appeared in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show

Dawes Act

Attempted to assimilate the Indians into American culture

Broke up the reservation

Gave the land to individual Indians160 Acres to each head of the household

80 acres to each unmarried Adult

Down fall of the Native American

Uses for the buffalo

(HIDE - BUCKSKIN)moccasin topscradleswinter robesbeddingbreechcloutsshirtslegginslance coversbeltsdressespipe bagspouchespaint bagspouchesdollscoup flag coversquiverstipi coversguncases

(HAIR)headdressessaddle pad fillerpillowsropeornamentshaltersmedicine balls

(TAIL)medicine switchfly brushlodge exteriordecorationswhips

(HOOF & FEET)gluerattles

(HORNS)cupsfire carrierspowder hornspoonsladlesheaddressessignalstoys

(MEAT)(every part eaten)pemmican (converted)hump ribs-immediatelyjerky (converted)

(SKIN OF HIND LEG)moccasins or boots

(RAWHIDE)containersclothingheaddressfoodmedicine bagsshieldsbucketsmoccasin solesrattlesdrumsdrumstickssplintscinchesropesbeltsbullets pouchessaddleshorse maskslance casesarmbandsquirtsbull boatsknife casesstirrupsthongshorse ornament

The Battle of Wounded Knee

The Ghost Dance

Police came to arrest Sitting Bull

Shots fired and Sitting Bull was Killed

Dec. 28 Soldiers rounded up 360 Sioux Indians and demanded they give up their weapons

Soldiers shot and slaughtered 300 unarmed Native Americans including Children

Ended the Indian Wars forever

Indian Problems solved

Cattle ranching became big business in the west

1st Cowboys

Vaqueros – Mexican CowboysLonghorn cattle were imported from SpainEverything that became the American Cowboy derived it’s origins from the Mexican Vaqueros

JerkyChapsBronco ridingCoralRodeo

The Longhorn Steer

As the demand for beef increased

Cow towns began to form

The long drives - 10 to 14 hour days

Starting as young as 15 years old

The round up

Cow Towns Like Dodge City Began to form

The Long Drives

The Round Up

Wild Bill Hickok & Calamity Jane

Wild Bill Hickok

Served as a scout in Civil War

Violent man

Shot while play poker

In his hand were two aces and two eights – still to this day known as a dead man’s hand

Settling of the westHomestead Act – 160 acres of land in west for any citizen who was the head of the householdExoduster – blacks who moved west to escape the reconstruction south.

Farming and Living in west

Lived in Soddy's or Dug outs

Women worked, schooled , and doctored the men and children of the west

Agricultural EducationMorrill Land Grant Act – Set aside land for the establishment of colleges for agricultural improvement in farming

Inventions that tamed the Prairie

Steel Plow

Barbed Wire

Mechanical Reaper

Steel Windmill

Farmers began living on huge farms called Bonanzas

Farmers began forming alliances with other

farmers

The Grange

A new Political Party formed

PopulismMovement of the people

Increase in money supply

Graduated income tax system

Federal loan program

Eventually became the platform of the Democratic Party of today

Panic of 1873

William Jennings Bryan

Cross of Gold Speech

Silverites

Gold Bugs

Bimetallism

Gold

Silver