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Chapter 8: Point of View
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Bridging the Gap, 9/eBrenda Smith
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
In this chapter you will answer the questions:
Is a textbook influenced by the author’s point of view?
What is the author’s point of view? What is the reader’s point of view? What is the difference between a fact and an
opinion? What is the author’s purpose? What is the author’s tone?
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
What is the Author’s Point of View?
Point of View Suggests
thoughtfulness and openness.
Bias Facts are slanted toward
the author’s personal belief.
An opinion or position on a subject.
Author’s opinions and theories that influence theirpresentation of the subject matter
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
What is the Reader’s Point of View
Open Mind Prior knowledge. Slightly suspicious
nature.
Closed Mind Existing opinions affect
how much we accept or reject.
If beliefs are strong we “tune out” new material.
Alternative Arguments
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Reader’s Tip: Questions to Uncover Bias
What is your opinion on the subject? What is the author’s opinion on the subject? What are the author’s credentials for writing
on the subject? What does the author have to gain? Does the author use facts or opinions as
support? Are the facts selected and slanted to reflect
the author’s bias?
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
What is a Fact?
A Fact A fact is a statement based on actual
evidence or personal observation. It can be checked objectively with
empirical data. It can be proved to be either true or
false.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
What is an Opinion?
An Opinion An opinion is a statement of personal
feeling or a judgment. It reflects a belief or an interpretation
rather than an accumulation of evidence.
It cannot be proved true or false.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Fact and Opinion
Fact: Freud believed that the personality is divided into three parts.
Opinion: Freud constructed the most complete theory of personality development.
Opinion: The personality is divided into three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
What is the Author’s Purpose?
inform argue entertain
explain persuade narrate
describe condemn describe
enlighten ridicule shock
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
What is the Author’s Tone?
Humorous remarks are designed to be comical & amusing.
Sarcastic remarks are designed to cut or give pain.
Ironic remarks: Express something other than the literal
meaning. Designed to show the incongruity between the
actual and the expected.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Recognizing the Author’s Tone Part (1)
Absurd/Ridiculous: laughable or a joke. Ambivalent: having contradictory attitudes or
feelings. Apathetic: not caring. Angry: feeling bad and upset about the topic. Arrogant: acting conceited or above others. Cheerful: feeling good about the topic. Complex: complicated & entangled with
confusing parts.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Recognizing the Author’s Tone Part (2)
Congratulatory: honoring an achievement Cruel: mean spirited. Cynical: expecting the worst from people. Depressed: sad, dejected, or having low spirits. Disapproving: judging unfavorably. Distressed: suffering strain, misery, or agony. Disapproving: judging unfavorably. Evasive, abstruse: avoiding or confusing the
issue.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Recognizing Author’s TonePart (3)
Formal: using an official style Frustrated: blocked from a goal Gentle: thoughtful, not pushy, kind Hard: unfeeling, strict, & unrelenting. Incredulous: unbelieving. Intense/Impassioned: extremely involved,
zealous, or agitated. Irreverent: lack of respect for authority. Objective/Critical: using facts without
emotions.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Recognizing Author’s TonePart (4)
Humorous: being funny. Incredulous: unbelieving. Indignant: outraged. Intense/Impassioned: extremely involved,
zealous, or agitated. Ironic: the opposite of what is expected; a
twist at the end. Irreverent: lacking respect for authority. Mocking/Condemning: using facts without
emotions.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Recognizing Author’s TonePart (5)
Objective: factual: using facts without emotions.
Obsequious: fawning for attention. Optimistic: looking on the bright side. Outspoken: speaking one’s mind on issues. Pathetic: moving one to compassion or pity. Pessimistic: looking on the negative side. Prayerful: religiously thankful. Reverent: showing respect. Righteous: morally correct.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Recognizing Author’s TonePart (6)
Romantic: expressing love or affection. Sarcastic: saying one thing and meaning
another. Satiric: using irony, wit, and sarcasm to
discredit or ridicule. Sensational: over-dramatized or over-hyped. Sentimental: remembering the good old days. Serious/Earnest/Sincere: being honest &
concerned. Tragic: regrettable or deplorable mistake.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Points of View in Editorial Cartoons
In an editorial cartoon, a point of view is made without making a direct verbal statement.
This is done through drawings and cartoons. See examples in your book or search the net
under “editorial cartoons.”
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
To interpret an editorial cartoon, ask:
1. What is this about? (general topic)
2. Who or what is represented by the images shown?
3. What is the main point that the cartoonist is trying to get across?
4. What is the tone of the cartoon?
5. What is the cartoonist’s purpose?
6. What is the cartoonist’s point of view or position on the subject?
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Summary Points
Does a textbook reflect the author’s point of view?
What is the author’s point of view? What is the reader’s point of view? What is the difference between a fact and an
opinion? What is the author’s purpose? What is the author’s tone?
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Search the Net
For suggested Web sites and other research activities, go to http://www.ablongman.com/smith/