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8-1 Energy And Life
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Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Living things need _______ to survive.
This energy comes from food. The energy in most food comes from the ________.
Where do plants get the energy they need to produce food?
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
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8-1 Energy And Life Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Plants and some other types of organisms are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food.
•Organisms, such as plants, which make their own food, are called _______________.
•Organisms, such as animals, that must obtain energy from the foods they consume are _____________________.
End Show
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8-1 Energy And Life Chemical Energy and ATP
Chemical Energy and ATP
Energy comes in many forms including light, heat, and electricity.
Energy can be stored in chemical compounds, too.
An important chemical compound that cells use to store and release energy is ________________ _____________________, abbreviated ATP.
ATP is used by all types of cells as their basic ________________ source.
End Show
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8-1 Energy And Life Chemical Energy and ATP
ATP consists of:
•adenine
•ribose (a 5-carbon sugar)
•3 phosphate groups
Adenine
ATP
Ribose 3 Phosphate groups
The three phosphate groups are the key to ATP's ability to store and release energy.
End Show
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8-1 Energy And Life Chemical Energy and ATP
Storing Energy
ADP has two phosphate groups instead of three.
A cell can store small amounts of energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP.
ADP ATP
Energy
Energy
+
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Copyright Pearson Prentice HallEnd Show
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8-1 Energy And Life Chemical Energy and ATP
Releasing Energy
Energy stored in ATP is released by ________________ the chemical bond between the second and third phosphates.
P
ADP
2 Phosphate groups
End Show
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8-1 Energy And Life Chemical Energy and ATP
The energy from ATP is needed for many cellular activities, including active transport across cell membranes, protein synthesis and muscle contraction.
ATP’s characteristics make it exceptionally useful as the basic ________________ ________________ of all cells.
What is the structure, function, and importance of ATP
Structure
Function
Importance
End Show
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8-1 Energy And Life Using Biochemical Energy
Using Biochemical Energy
Most cells have small amount of ATP
•ATP is not a good way to store large amounts of energy.
Cells can get more ATP from ADP from _____________.
Plants get energy from the process of ______________.
Plants use _____________ to convert _________ and _________ _________ into _________ and _________.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
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8-2 Photosynthesis: An Overview The Photosynthesis Equation
What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
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8-2 Photosynthesis: An Overview Light and Pigments
What is the role of light and chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
End
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8-2 Photosynthesis: An Overview Light and Pigments
_____________ - light-absorbing molecules that gather the sun's energy
•______________ - main pigment in plants is.
•There are two main types of chlorophyll:
chlorophyll a
chlorophyll b
In addition to water and carbon dioxide, photosynthesis requires light and __________.
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8-3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis Inside a Chloroplast
Inside a Chloroplast
In plants, photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts.
Plant
Plant cells
Chloroplast
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8-3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis Inside a Chloroplast
Chloroplast
Single thylakoid
Granum
Photosystems
stroma
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8-3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis Inside a Chloroplast
Photosynthesis requires two reactions
- _____________ - _____________ reactions
• takes place in __________ membranes
- _____________ - _____________ reactions (Calvin cycle)
•takes place in the __________
- the region outside the thylakoid membranes.
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8-3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis Inside a Chloroplast
Chloroplast
Light
H2O
O2
CO2
Sugars
NADP+
ADP + P
Calvin Cycle
Light- dependent reactions
Calvin cycle
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8-3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis Electron Carriers
Electron Carriers
When electrons in chlorophyll absorb sunlight, the electrons gain a great deal of energy.
Cells use electron _________ to transport these high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules.
One carrier molecule is _________.
•Electron carriers, such as NADP+, ___________ electrons.
•NADP+ accepts and holds 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion (H+). This converts the NADP+ into NADPH.
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8-3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis Electron Carriers
The conversion of NADP+ into NADPH is one way some of the energy of sunlight can be trapped in chemical form.
The NADPH carries high-energy _________ to chemical reactions elsewhere in the cell.
high-energy electrons - help build a variety of molecules the cell needs, including __________.
