Chemical Energy and ATPChemical Energy and ATP

Chemical Energy and ATPChemical Energy and ATP

Life depends on energyLife depends on energy That energy is stored in chemical bonds of energy storing That energy is stored in chemical bonds of energy storing

compoundscompounds ATP, NADH, NADPH and FADHATP, NADH, NADPH and FADH22

The chief energy storing compound = ATPThe chief energy storing compound = ATP AAdenosine denosine ttriripphosphatehosphate Energy for work is stored in ATP bondsEnergy for work is stored in ATP bonds 3 parts: ribose (sugar), adenine and a 3 phosphate chain 3 parts: ribose (sugar), adenine and a 3 phosphate chain

Energy and ATPEnergy and ATP

Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATPEnergy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP AAdenosine denosine ttriripphosphatehosphate Energy for work is stored in ATP bondsEnergy for work is stored in ATP bonds

Energy released when 3Energy released when 3rdrd phosphate is broken off phosphate is broken off 33rdrd bond unstable…easily broken bond unstable…easily broken ADP left overADP left over

P P PENERGY

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATEADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE

Energy and ATPEnergy and ATP

Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATPEnergy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP AAdenosine denosine ttriripphosphatehosphate Energy for work is stored in ATP bondsEnergy for work is stored in ATP bonds

Energy released when 3Energy released when 3rdrd phosphate is broken off phosphate is broken off 33rdrd bond unstable…easily broken bond unstable…easily broken ADP left over (adenosine diphosphate)ADP left over (adenosine diphosphate)

P PPENERGY

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATEADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE

P

Energy and ATPEnergy and ATP

Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATPEnergy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP AAdenosine denosine ttriripphosphatehosphate Energy for work is stored in ATP bondsEnergy for work is stored in ATP bonds

Energy released when 3Energy released when 3rdrd phosphate is broken off phosphate is broken off 33rdrd bond unstable…easily broken bond unstable…easily broken ADP left overADP left over

ATP recreated with the addition of another phosphate groupATP recreated with the addition of another phosphate group

Energy and ATPEnergy and ATP 3 Main types of biological work3 Main types of biological work

1. Energy for the mechanical functions of the cells 1. Energy for the mechanical functions of the cells 2. Movement, transport of materials, etc.2. Movement, transport of materials, etc. 3. synthesis and breakdown of large cells3. synthesis and breakdown of large cells

ATPATPATPATP

DigestionDigestion

Purpose: Break food into Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create useable molecules to create ATPATP

High calorie foods will High calorie foods will produce more ATP moleculesproduce more ATP molecules

Usually carbohydrates and Usually carbohydrates and lipidslipids

Proteins (amino acids) are Proteins (amino acids) are usually needed elsewhereusually needed elsewhere

Simplesugar

Simplesugar

Simplesugar

Simplesugar

Simplesugar

Simplesugar

Complex sugar

Energy on EarthEnergy on Earth Most life relies on Most life relies on

sunlight directly or sunlight directly or indirectlyindirectly Directly: PlantsDirectly: Plants Indirectly: AnimalsIndirectly: Animals

AutotrophsAutotrophs Organisms that make Organisms that make

food from COfood from CO22 and an and an energy source (such as energy source (such as the sun)the sun)

Known as producersKnown as producers NRG for now and NRG for now and

laterlater

Energy on EarthEnergy on Earth Most life relies on Most life relies on

sunlight directly or sunlight directly or indirectlyindirectly Directly: PlantsDirectly: Plants Indirectly: AnimalsIndirectly: Animals

HeterotrophsHeterotrophs Organisms that cannot Organisms that cannot

make their own foodmake their own food Known as consumersKnown as consumers Obtain that energy Obtain that energy

either directly or either directly or indirectlyindirectly

Energy on EarthEnergy on Earth Most life relies on Most life relies on

sunlight directly or sunlight directly or indirectlyindirectly Directly: PlantsDirectly: Plants Indirectly: AnimalsIndirectly: Animals

Exceptions: Exceptions: ChemotrophsChemotrophs Hydrothermal vents Hydrothermal vents

release chemicals release chemicals called sulfidescalled sulfides

Unique bacteria feed Unique bacteria feed on the sulfides to on the sulfides to make ATP make ATP (chemosynthesis)(chemosynthesis)

sulfidessulfides

ReviewReview

1)1) Where is the energy of ATP stored? Where is the energy of ATP stored? 2)2) How is ADP and ATP different? How is ADP and ATP different? 3)3) What’s the purpose of digestion?What’s the purpose of digestion?4)4) Why are proteins less likely to be broken into ATP?Why are proteins less likely to be broken into ATP?5)5) How is chemosynthesis and photosynthesis similar? How is chemosynthesis and photosynthesis similar?

Different?Different?

ReviewReview1)1) Where is the energy of ATP stored? Where is the energy of ATP stored?

• In its bondsIn its bonds

2)2) How is ADP and ATP different? How is ADP and ATP different? • ADP has one less phosphate molecule than ATP. ATP is a higher energy ADP has one less phosphate molecule than ATP. ATP is a higher energy

molecule.molecule.

3)3) What’s the purpose of digestion?What’s the purpose of digestion?• Break food into useable molecules to create ATPBreak food into useable molecules to create ATP

4)4) Why are proteins less likely to be broken into ATP?Why are proteins less likely to be broken into ATP? Amino acids are needed for other processesAmino acids are needed for other processes

5)5) How is chemosynthesis and photosynthesis similar? Different?How is chemosynthesis and photosynthesis similar? Different?• Similar: Both are processes that Similar: Both are processes that capture energycapture energy and store it as sugars and store it as sugars• Different: Chemosynthesis captures Different: Chemosynthesis captures chemicalschemicals to make sugars to make sugars• Different: Photosynthesis captures Different: Photosynthesis captures sunlightsunlight to make sugars to make sugars