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Zhiwen Ma
Present to 2017 Syngas Technologies Conference Colorado Spring, CO October 18, 2017
Concentrating Solar Power Technology for Green Syngas and Hydrogen Production
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For more than 40 years, NREL has delivered innovation impact enabling the emergence of the U.S. clean energy industry.
For more information please visit our website at
www.nrel.gov.
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NREL Renewable Research
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Transportation
Photovoltaics (PV) Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Energy Efficiency
Biomass/Biofuels
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)
Wind
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H2@Scale Vision
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Solar Technologies
Trough & Linear Fresnel: 200°–500°C Tower: 500°–1,000°C Dish: 800°–1,500°C
Solar Thermochemical/Fuel
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Examples of Recent CSP Plants Built in the U.S.
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390-MWe Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating Plants
110-MWe Crescent Dunes Solar Plant with 10-hour Thermal Energy Storage (TES)
250-MWe Abengoa Solana Plant with 6-hour TES
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Assist hydrocarbon fuel process or production o Solar heat can be used in syngas production, methanation, pyrolysis
process, etc. H2O + CO2 -> H2 + CO o Fischer-Tropsch Reaction: (2n+1)H2 + nCO → H2n+2Cn + nH2O
High-temperature solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) o Metal oxide or perovskite o Hybrid electrolysis
CSP can provide heat for high-temperature electrolysis cells. o High-Temperature electrolysis
Photoelectrochemical cell (PEC): o III-V semiconductor photoelectrochemical water splitting o Emerging high-temperature solid electrolyte
Four Types of Solar Fuel and Hydrogen Production
DOE Program targets solar thermochemical cost of 2-3c/kWt, equivalent to pipe delivered natural gas heating cost.
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Multiple Advanced Water Splitting Technologies
Cathode (-)
Anode (+)
Solid oxide electrolyte
𝑶𝑶𝟐𝟐− → 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐� 𝑶𝑶𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐𝒆𝒆−
𝑯𝑯𝟐𝟐𝑶𝑶+ 𝟐𝟐𝒆𝒆− → 𝑯𝑯𝟐𝟐 + 𝑶𝑶𝟐𝟐−
𝑶𝑶𝟐𝟐−
Steam/H2 electrode half-reaction
Oxygen electrode half-reaction
H2O H2
1/2O2 Sweep Gas
Sweep Gas
Power Supply
2e-
Oxygen ion transport SOEC PEM Electrolysis Solid Oxide Electrolysis
Solar Thermochemical Hybrid Sulfur Cycle Photoelectrochemical
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Christos Agrafiotis, DLR
Solar Syngas - Pollution Free and Green
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Agrafiotis, C., From Solar Energy to Green Mobility, in DEMOKRITOS Workshop. 2017: Athens, Greece.
Solar (Fuels) Chemistry
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CSP Thermochemical Processes
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Solar steam methane reforming adding heating value to fuel.
Syngas Production From Solar Thermochemical Process
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Solar thermal energy supports MeO and electrolysis hydrogen production.
Solar Assisted Water-Splitting with Heat and Power
We also provide support to Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell modeling.
Redox MeO-Based Thermochemical Cycles and High-Temperature Electrolysis
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NREL high-efficiency solar receiver will be used for sulfuric acid decomposition at 800°C or above.
Hybrid Solar Thermal/Electrolysis Technology
A project supported by the DOE HydroGEN Program
Sulfuric acid cycle STCH developed at Savanah River National Laboratory (SRNL)
Team: Greenway Energy, SRNL, NREL, University of South Carolina
HydroGEN Energy Materials Network (EMN) HydroGEN Lab Consortium for Hydrogen Production
HydroGEN fosters cross-cutting innovation using theory-guided applied materials R&D to advance all emerging water-splitting pathways for hydrogen production
Comprising more than 80 unique, world-class capabilities/expertise in materials theory/computation, synthesis, and characterization & analysis:
Materials Theory/Computation Advanced Materials Synthesis Characterization & Analysis
Conformal ultrathin TiO2 ALD coating on bulk nanoporous gold
TAP reactor for extracting quantitative kinetic data
Stagnation flow reactor to evaluate kinetics of redox
material at high-T
LAMMPS classic molecular dynamics modeling relevant to H2O splitting
Bulk and interfacial models of aqueous
electrolytes
High-throughput spray pyrolysis system for
electrode fabrication
Core Labs
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Green syngas production integrated with CSP can achieve economies of scale using power tower technology at a suitable temperature range for thermochemical processes with high-temperature solar heat inputs.
CSP is the only available energy source for renewable thermochemical production of hydrogen and/or syngas from water/carbon dioxide through solar redox processes. The solar thermochemical process has potential to convert syngas into liquid hydrocarbon fuels using only renewable/recoverable resources: solar energy, water and captured/recycled CO2.
CSP-aided reforming of methane-containing gaseous feedstocks with natural gas can offer a viable route for fossil fuel decarbonization and create a transition path towards a “solar hydrogen-solar fuels” path.
CSP systems can generate electricity as an alternative to PVs for electrolysis of steam or steam/CO2 mixtures towards hydrogen/syngas production.
DOE H2@scale aims for widespread production and utilization of hydrogen as an energy carrier across power sources and end uses.
Conclusions
