Curriculum Vitae: Prof. Dr. Holger Sommer

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INDEX: Page

A) Certificates 2 A1) Diplom certificate 2 A2) PhD certificate 3

B) Curriculum Vitae 4 C) List of publications 7

C1) Peer reviewed articles in international journals 7 C2) Conference abstracts and attended conferences 9

D) Information on teaching experience 13 D1) Teaching experience at the Univerisity of Mainz, Institute for Geoscience (2003 – 2004) 13 D2) Teaching experience at the University of Botswana, Department for Geology (2006 – 2008) 15 D3) Teaching experience at the University of the Free State, South Africa, Department for Geology (2008 – 2010) 17 D4) Teaching experience at the University of the South Pacific, Fiji, Department of Geography, Earth Science and Environmental Science (2013 - 2019) 18 D5) Teaching experience at the University of Namibia, Department of Geology (2020 – present) 18

E) Supervision of BsC, Diplom and MsC Students (2006 – 2018). 19 F) Previous and future research interests 21 G) Contact details 22 H) Additional information about other research and other theoretical/

practical work experience 23 I) Possible referees 27

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A) Certificates

A1) Diplom certificate

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A2) PhD certificate

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B) Curriculum Vitae PERSONAL PARTICULARS Name : Holger Sommer Date of Birth : 30.12.1967 Nationality : German Marital Status : Single Contact Address : Luswiese 4, 87549 Rettenberg, Germany SCIENTIFIC CAREER: Education i) Ph.D. received July 2004 (magna cum laude) Johannes-Gutenberg-University of Mainz,

Germany, Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Paleontology, 2001 - 2004 ii) Diplom (equivalent to M.S.c.) Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany, Institute

for Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. Diplom Thesis, 1999 iii) Vordiplom (equivalent to Bachelor) Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany,

Institute for Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 1996 iv) Technical High School, Freiburg, Germany, 1994 Diplomthesis (1999): Halogen and fluid bearing minerals in Lujavrites from the Ilimaussaq Intrusion, South Greenland: Compositional changes in fluid and mineralchemistry in the residual melt. Dissertation (2004): Metamorphic petrology and zircon geochronology of high-grade rocks from the central Mozambique Belt of Tanzania: Crustal recycling of Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic material during the Pan-African orogeny. Positions Held at Universities: i) Associate Professor at the University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia, Department of

Geology, (2020-present) ii) Senior lecturer at the University of the South Pacific, Fiji, Department of Geography,

Earth Science and Environmental Science, (2013-2019) iii) Research Professor at the Seoul National University, Korea, School of Earth and

Environmental Science, (2011-2012) iv) Senior lecturer at the University of the Free State, South Africa, Department of Geology,

(2008-2010) v) Lecturer at the University of Botswana, Department of Geology (2006-2008) vi) Postdoctoral research - Rice University of Houston, USA

Keith-Wiess-School of Earth Science, in collaboration with University of Houston and Lunar and Planetary Institute. (2005-2006)

vii) Researcher and Lecturer Johannes-Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Germany, Institut for Geosciences (2001-2004)

viii) Research Associate at Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Germany, Institute for Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry (2000-2001)

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viii)HIWI (equivalent to Teaching Assistant) Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany, Institute for Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry (1996-2000)

Teaching Experience (2002-present): i) Introduction in endogene and exogene Geology ii) Constructions of geological maps iii) Introduction in Mineralogy, Petrography and Petrology iv) Chemical Geology v) Petrology I (silicate etc. structures) vi) Petrology II (Phase petrology) vii) Microscopy of the Rock Forming Minerals viii) Microscopy of Ore Minerals ix) Metamorphic Petrology x) Igneous Petrology xi) Applied Geology SUPERVISION OF BSC AND MSC PROJECTS i) 33 completed BsC projects (2007 - 2015) ii) 6 completed Honors and Post graduate projects (2009 – 2015) iii) 2 completed Diplom projects (2010) iv) 4 completed MsC project (2011 - 2013) v) 1 PhD and 1 MsC projects in progress Current and ongoing Research Projects i) “Win – Win” situation between landowners, government and the mining industry in the

South Pacific”. Holger Sommer (SRT project, University of the South Pacific, 2016-present)

ii) The Supercontinent cycle. Holger Sommer (FSTE project, University of the South Pacific,

2014-present) iii) Subduction Dynamics and Seismic Hazards in Fiji. Holger Sommer and Bhaskar Rao

(FSTE project, University of the South Pacific, 2013-present) iv) Super sonic ascent rates of kimberlites from the Jwangeng diamond mine in South

Botswana. Holger Sommer, Klaus Regenauer-Lieb and Oliver Gaede (Financial support: UNESCO IGCP 557, University of Botswana R 766 grant, KIT Karlsruhe MS-50 grant, 2011-present)

v) The formation of microdiamonds in decompression cracks in eclogites from the Roberts

Victor Mine in South Africa. Jessika Potgieter, Holger Sommer, Klaus Regenauer-Lieb (Financial support: UNESCO IGCP 557, University of Botswana R 766 grant, KIT Karlsruhe MS-50 grant, 2011-present)

vi) Coexistent melt and aqueous fluid phases in natural peridotite samples from the

Kimberley area, South Africa. Megan Purchase, Holger Sommer, Klaus Regenauer-Lieb

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(Financial support: UNESCO IGCP 557, University of Botswana R 766 grant, KIT Karlsruhe MS-50 grant, 2011-present)

vii) Carbonatites from Merapi Super Volcano, Indonesia: A fluid inclusion study. Holger

Sommer and Ralf Gertisser (2012-present) viii) Phase relationships of lherzlolites from the Roberts Victor Mine, South Africa: A pilot

study of extensive papermeters using mineralogical phase equilibria. Jan Globig, Holger Sommer and Christoph Gauert (2012-present)

ix) Microdiamonds in eclogite nodules from the Roberts Victor Mine, South Africa

Holger Sommer and Dorrit Jacob (2014-present) Former Research Projects i) DAAD resaerch program (stipendiat) - Stanford University, USA Laboratory work and

zircon SHRIMP dating coupled with MSA workshop in Freiburg, Germany (2003) ii) Research project - Material Research Center of Freiburg (FMF) Industrial, Project

Thermodynamical Behavior and Crystalization Process of Industrial Minerals, March - August 1998

iii) UNESCO IGCP 557 project. Entitled “Diamonds, xenoliths and kimberlites: A small

window into the Earth's interior. The project contains 50 participants from 16 nations (2007-2011)

iv) Metamorphic petrology and zircon geochronology from the Mozambique Belt, Songea

and Ifakara area in Tanzania. Holger Sommer and Alfred Kröner (DFG project KR 590 72-1 and 72-2)

INVITED TALKS i) Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Utrecht, Netherland, 2000 ii) Department of Geoscience, Mainz, Germany, 2000 iii) Max Planck Institute, Mainz, Germany, 2002 iv) Department of Geology, Freiberg, Germany, 2004 v) Department of Geology, Forth Worth, TX, USA, 2005 vi) Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, 2005 vii) Jwaneng Diamond mine, Botswana, 2006 viii) Department of Geology, Pretoria, South Africa, 2006 ix) Letseng Diamond mine, Leshoto, 2008 x) School of Earth and Environmental Science, Seoul, Korea, 2010 xi) School of Geography, Earth Science and Environmental Science, Suva, Fiji, 2013 xii) Department of Geosciences, Universidad los Andes, Bogota, Colombia, 2018

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ANALYTICAL EXPERIENCE i) EPMA, SEM with EDX and WDX ii) SHRIMP-RG iii) FTIR and Synchrotron based FTIR iv) RAMAN v) XRF and XRD vi) Fluid inclusion stage vii) Laser ICPMS

C) List of publications

C1) Peer reviewed articles in international journals

Peer Reviewed Journal Articles (articles referenced: 513; H-factor: 11; Google Scholar; number of citations in brackets) 1. Sommer. H., Kröner. A., 2019. Igneous petrology, zircon geochronology and geochemistry

of multiply emplaced granitoid bodies from the Palaeoproterozoic Usagaran domain in central Tanzania. Journal of African Earth Sciences 150, 626-656. (0)

2. Sommer. H., Kröner. A., Lowry. J., 2017. Neoproterozoic eclogite- to high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism in the Mozambique belt from east-central Tanzania: A petrological, geochemical and geochronological approach. Lithos 284, 266-290. (7)

3. Sommer. H., Jacob. D. E., Stern. R.A., Petts, D., Mattey. D.P., Pearson. D.G., (2017). Fluid-induced transition from banded kyanite- to bimineralic eclogite and implications for the evolution of cratons. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 207, 19-42. (5)

4. “1st International Conference on Subduction, Volcanism and the Evolution of Oceanic and Continental Crust (SVEOCC 2014)" Editor: Holger Sommer, Gondwana Research, Conference Series 17, pages 1-65 (0)

5. Sommer, H., Gasharova, B., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Colliston, W., Potgieter, J., 2014. The formation of micro diamonds in decompression cracks out of equilibrium controlled by the C:O:H ratio in the kimberlitic melt. Gondwana Research 17, 37. (0)

6. Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gaede, O., Gasharova, B., 2014. Petrography, petrology and mineralogy of eclogite nodules from the Jwaneng Diamond Mine, Botswana. An approach documented by mantle metasomatism, kimberlite emplacement and finally by super sonic uplift of the diamondiferous host rocks. Gondwana Research 17, 38-39. (0)

7. Sommer, H., Jacob, D., 2014. From Gabbro to Granulite and finally to Kyanite- and bimineralic Eclogite: A petrological, geochemical and mass balance approach. Gondwana Research 17, 40-41. (0)

8. Regenauer-Lieb, K., Veveakis, M., Poulet, T., Sommer, H., Karrech, A., Liu, J., Schrank, C., 2014. Creep Fractures in the Mantle and their role for Deep Fluid Transfer. Gondwana Research 17, 35-36. (0)

9. Globig, J., Sommer, H., Gauert, C., 2014. Hydration of Archean lithosphere: A chemico-physical case study of the lherzolitic upper mantle below the Kaapvaal Craton. Gondwana Research 17. 20. (0)

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10. Sommer, H., Rao, B., Naco, S., 2014. Report on International Meeting on Subduction, Volcanism and the Evolution of Oceanic and Continental Crust. Episodes 37. 2. 129-130. (0)

11. Sommer, H., Wan, Y., Kroener, A., Xie, H., Jacob, J. E., 2013. SHRIMP zircon ages and petrology of lower crustal xenoliths from the Letseng-la-Terae kimberlite, Lesotho: Further evidence for a Namaqua-Natal connection, South African Journal of Geology, 116, 183-198 (5)

12. Sommer, H., Kroener, A., 2013. Ultra high-temperature granulite-facies metamorphic rocks from the Mozambique belt of SW Tanzania, Lithos, 170-171, 117-143 (17)

13. Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gasharova, B., Jung, H., 2012. The formation of volcanic centers at the Colorado Plateau as a result of the passage of aqueous fluid through the oceanic lithosphere and the subcontinental mantle: New implications for the planetary water cycle in the Western United States. Journal of Geodynamics, 61, 154-171

(6) 14. Sommer, H., Gauert C., 2011, Hydrating laterally extensive regions of continental

lithosphere by flat subduction, Journal of Geodynamics, 144, 17-24 (12) 15. Sommer, H., 2009 “Wet” low angle subduction: A possible mechanism below the

Tanzania craton 2 Ga ago, Mineralogy and Petrology, 96, 113-120 (7) 16. Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gasharova, B. Siret, D., 2008 Grain boundaries: A

possible water reservoir in the Earth's mantle? Mineralogy and Petrology, 94, 1-8 (21) 17. Sommer, H., Kroener, A., Muhongo, S., Hauzenberger, C A., 2008 Isothermal

decompression history in the “Western Granulite” terrain, central Tanzania: Evidence from reaction textures and trapped fluids in metapelites. Journal of African Earth Science, 51, 123-144 (13)

18. Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gasharova, B., 2007. Diamonds, xemoliths and kimberlites: A small window into the earth's interior. Anka Annual Report (0)

19. Hauzenberger, C A., Sommer, H., Fritz H, Bauernhofer A, Hoinkes G, Wallbrecher, E, Kroener, A, Martin Thoeni, 2007. New Zircon SHRIMP ages from Taita hills and Tsavo National Park in southwest Kenya., in Journal of Geological Society of London, 164, 189-201 (54)

20. Vogt, M., Kröner, A., Poller, U., Sommer, H., Muhongo., S., Wingate, M., 2006. Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic gneisses reworked during a Neoproterozoic (Pan-African) event in the Mozambique belt of East Africa: structural relationships and zircon ages from the Kidatu area, central Tanzania. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 45, 139-145 (27)

21. Sommer, H., Kroener, A., Muhongo, S., Hauzenberger, C. A., 2005, Reworking of Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic crust in the Mozambique belt of central Tanzania as documented by SHRIMP zircon geochronology, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 43, 145 – 167 (37)

22. Sommer, H., Kroener, A., Muhongo, S., Hauzenberger, C A., 2005, SHRIMP zircon ages for post-Usagaran granitoid and rhyolitic rocks from then Palaeo-proterozoic terrain of southwestern Tanzania, Journal of South African Geology, 108, 243 – 252 (39)

23. Sommer, H., Kroener, A., Hauzenberger. C A., Muhongo. S., Wingate, T D., 2003, Metamorphic petrology and zircon geochronology of high-grade rocks from the central Mozambique belt of Tanzania: Crustal recycling of Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic material during the Pan-African orogeny, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 21, 915-934

(92)

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24. Markl, G., Abart, R., Vennemann, T., Sommer, H., 2003, Mid-crustal metasomatic reaction veins in a spinel peridotite, Journal of Petrology, 44, 1097-1120 (12)

25. Muhongo, S., Hauzenberger, C A., Sommer, H., 2003, Vestiges of the Mesoproterozoic events in the Neoproterozoic Mozambique Belt; the East African perspective in the Rodinia puzzle, Gondwana Research, 6, 409-416 (11)

26. Muhongo, S., Kroener, A., Wallbrecher, E., Tuisku, P., Hauzenberger, C., Sommer, H., 2001, Cross-section through the Mozambique Belt of EastAfrica and implications for Gondwana assembly, Gondwana Research, 4, 709-710 (5)

27. Markl, G., Marks, M., Schwinn, G., Sommer, H., 2001, Phase equilibrium constraints on intensive crystallization parameters of the Ilimaussaq Complex, South Greenland, Journal of Petrology, 42, 2231-2258 (136)

C3) Conference abstracts and attended conferences Abstracts and attended Conferences 1. Sommer. H., Regenauer-Lieb. K., Tannock. L., Hu. M., Singh. A., (2018). Heat and gold

exploration on Fiji Islands. Proceedings 40th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop, Taupo, New Zealand

2. Chua. H.T., Sommer. H., Regenauer-Lieb. K., (2018) Mineral recovery through geothermal desalination. Proceedings 40th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop, Taupo, New Zealand

3. Sommer. H., Jacob. D. E., Stern. R.A., Petts, D., Mattey. D.P., Pearson. D.G., (2017). Fluid-induced transition from banded kyanite- to bimineralic eclogite and implications for the evolution of cratons. Goldschmidt conference, Paris, France

4. Sommer, H., Jacob, D. E., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gasharova, B., (2016) The formation of micro-diamonds in micro-cracks controlled by the C:O:H ratio in NAMS. Eos Trans. AGU, San Francisco, USA

5. Sommer, H., Jacob, D. E., Pearson, G. E., Stern, R., (2014) Fluid-induced transition from Kyanite- to bimineralic Eclogite: A petrological, geochemical and mass balance approach to mantle eclogites. Eos Trans. AGU, San Francisco, USA

6. Sommer, H., Jacob, D. E., (2013) From Gabbro to Granulite to Kyanite- and bimineralic Eclogite: A petrological, geochemical and mass balance approach to mantle eclogites. Eos Trans. AGU, San Francisco, USA

7. Globig, G., Sommer, H., Gauert, C., (2013) Hydration of Archean lithosphere: A chemico-physical case study of the lherzolitic upper mantle below the Kaapvaal Craton. Eos Trans. AGU, San Francisco, USA

8. Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Potgieter J., Purchase M., Gasharova, B., (2012) Volatiles around monomineralic and interphase grain boundaries in the Earths upper Mantle (UNESCO IGCP 557). European Mineralogical Conference, Frankfurt, Germany

9. Globig, J., Sommer, H., (2012) Phase relationships of a lherzolite from the Roberts Victor Mine, South Africa: A study of chemical and physical parameters in the Kaapvaal Craton.

EUG-EGS-AGU 2012, Vienna, Austria

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10. Sommer, H., Jung, H., (2011) Continental crust met oceanic crust in the diamond window. 9th International eclogite conference. Marianske Lazne, Czech Republic

11. Purchase M., Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Jung, H., Gasharova, B., (2011) Coexistent aqueous fluid phase and melt in lherzolites from Bultfontein, South Africa (UNESCO IGCP 557). Goldschmidt Conference Prag, Czech Republic

12. Potgieter J., Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Jung, H., Gasharova, B., (2011) The formation of micro-diamonds in cracks caused by a C-O-H rich fluid under medium to low pressure conditions (UNESCO IGCP 557). Goldschmidt Conference Prag, Czech Republic

13. Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gaede O., Jung, H., Gasharova, B., (2011) “WEERTMAN” cracks: A possible mechanism for near sonic speed diamond extraction from the earth´s mantle (UNESCO IGCP 557). Goldschmidt Conference Prag, Czech Republic

14. Purchase M., Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gasharova, B., Potgieter J., (2010) OH Particioning coeficient between melt inclusions in garnets in lherzolite xenoliths from Bultfontein, South Africa (UNESCO IGCP 557). 22sd Africa Colloquium, Johannesburg, South Africa

15. Potgieter J., Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gasharova, B., Purchase M., (2010) OH and CO2 diffusion profiles in garnets from eclogitic xenoliths from the Victor diamond mine, South Africa (UNESCO IGCP 557). 22sd Africa Colloquium, Johannesburg, South Africa

16. Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gaede O., (2011) Weertman cracks and the fast extraction of diamonds from the Earth's mantle (UNESCO IGCP 557). 22sd Africa Colloquium, Johannesburg, South Africa

17. Potgieter J., Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gasharova, B., Purchase M., (2010) OH and CO2 diffusion profiles in garnets from eclogitic xenoliths from the Victor diamond mine, South Africa (UNESCO IGCP 557) EUG-EGS-AGU 2010, Vienna, Austria

18. Purchase M., Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gasharova, B., Potgieter J., (2010) OH Particioning coeficient between melt inclusions in garnets in lherzolite xenoliths from Bultfontein, South Africa (UNESCO IGCP 557) EUG-EGS-AGU 2010, Vienna, Austria

19. Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gaede O., (2010) Weertman cracks and the fast extraction of diamonds from the Earth's mantle (UNESCO IGCP 557) EUG-EGS-AGU 2010, Vienna, Austria

20. Erhardt S,, Sommer, H., (2009) Formation of water-bearing 2D-defects: an intended case study on xenoliths from the Letseng Mine (UNESCO IGCP 557) Goldschmidt Conference Davos. Geochimica and Cosmochimica Acta

21. Potgieter J., Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gasharova, B., Purchase M., (2009) OH and CO2 diffusion profiles in garnets from eclogitic xenoliths from the Victor diamond mine, South Africa (UNESCO IGCP 557) ) Goldschmidt Conference Davos. Geochimica and Cosmochimica Acta

22. Purchase M., Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gasharova, B., Potgieter J., (2009) OH Particioning coeficient between melt inclusions in garnets in lherzolite xenoliths from the Bultfontein, South Africa (UNESCO IGCP 557) Goldschmidt Conference Davos. Geochimica and Cosmochimica Acta

23. Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gaede O., (2009) Weertman cracks and the fast extraction of diamonds from the Earth's mantle (UNESCO IGCP 557) Goldschmidt Conference Davos. Geochimica and Cosmochimica Acta

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24. Potgieter J., Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gasharova, B., (2008) OH and CO2 diffusion profiles in garnets from eclogitic xenoliths from the Victor diamond mine, South Africa (UNESCO IGCP 557) Eos Trans. AGU, San Francisco, USA

25. Purchase M., Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gasharova, B., (2008) Diffusion profiles of OH towards melt inclusions in garnets in lherzolite xenoliths from Bultfontein, South Africa (UNESCO IGCP 557) Eos Trans. AGU, San Francisco, USA

26. Regenauer-Lieb, K., Sommer, H., Gaede O., (2008) Weertman cracks and the fast extraction of diamonds from the Earth's mantle (UNESCO IGCP 557) Eos Trans. AGU, San Francisco, USA

27. Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gasharova, B., (2008) Multi-stage water enrichment processes in the wake of the Farralon slab (UNESCO IGCP 557) Eos Trans. AGU, San Francisco, USA

28. Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Hauzenberger, C. A. H.. Gasharova, B., (2008) Rapid uplift of the Jwangeng kimberlite, South Botswana: caused by mantle metasomatism and documented by OH-diffusion profiles in garnet from eclogitic xenoliths (UNESCO IGCP 557) Goldschmidt Conference Vancouver. Geochimica and Cosmochimica Acta

29. Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Hauzenberger, C. A. H. (2007) Diamonds, xemoliths and kimberlites: A small window into the earth's interior. Goldschmidt Conference Cologne. Geochimica and Cosmochimica Acta

30. Sommer, H, Regenauer-Lieb, Gasharova, B, Siret, D. (2006) Water in cracksdeep in the Earth's Mantle, Eos Trans. AGU, San Francisco, USA

31. Hauzenberger C.A., Tenczer V., Fritz H., Sommer H., Oberwalder S., Hoinkes G., Wallbrecher E (2006) Geology and petrology of East African granulite terrane. 21th Africa Kolloquium, Orleans, J.African Earth Sciences. 196, Maputo, Mozambique

32. Sommer, H, Regenauer-Lieb, A. Kröner, C. Hauzenberger, S. Muhongo (2006) Was the hydration under the Archaean Tanzania Craton caused by a flat dipping 2 Ga subduction zone? 21th Africa Kolloquium, Orleans, J.African Earth Sciences. 148, Maputo, Mozambique

33. Sommer, H, Lee, C, Gasharova, B, Regenauer-Lieb, K, Peslier, A, (2005) Grain boundaries, a possible water reservoir in the Earth's mantle? Eos Trans. AGU, 86. 52.

34. Sommer, Holger, O'Neill, Craig, Lee, Cin-Ty, and Lenardic Adrian (2005) Water delivery by subducting slabs: Does flat mean more? Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 37, 553.

35. H. Sommer, A. Kröner, C. Hauzenberger, S. Muhongo (2004). Metamorphic petrology and zircon geochronology of high-grade rocks from the central Mozambique Belt of Tanzania: Crustal recycling of Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic material during the Pan-African orogeny. 19th Africa Kolloquium, Orleans, J.African Earth Sciences. 381

36. H. Sommer, A. Kröner, U. Heiser, C. Hauzenberger, S. Muhongo (2003). Pan-African garnet corona textures from Kidatu, South-central Tanzania: evidence from a mass balance approach for formation in a closed system. EUG-EGS-AGU 2003, Geophysical Research Abstracts, 5, 12396.

37. H. Sommer, A. Kröner, J. Konopasek, C. Hauzenberger (2003). HP-melting and fluid evolution of Pan-African metasediments in the Mozambique belt of Central Tanzania. EUG-EGS-AGU 2003, Geophysical Research Abstracts, 5, 12128.

38. Sommer H (2002) Thermische Charakterisierung des Baustoffes Gips. DMG Meeting, Beih. European Journal of Mineralogy, 14, 182.

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39. Sommer H, Kröner A, Hauzenberger C, and Muhongo S (2002). Where is the Pan African in Central Tanzania. DMG Meeting, Beih. European Journal of Mineralogy, 14, 159.

40. Hauzenberger C.A., Bauernhofer A., Sommer H., Tenczer V., Loizenbauer J., Hoinkes G., Wallbrecher E., Muhongo S. (2003) Pan-African granulite facies rocks from SE-Kenya and Tanzania: A petrological overview. EUG-EGS-AGU 2003, Geophysical Research Abstracts, 5, 13492.

41. A. Kröner, S. Muhongo, H. Sommer, M. Vogt (2003) The east African Orogen: Accretation versus collision. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 5, 06608

42. H. Sommer, A. Kröner, C. Hauzenberger, S. Muhongo (2002). Structural, chronological and petrological evolution of the Mozambique Belt in Tanzania. 19th Africa Kolloquium, Marocco, J. African Earth Sciences.

43. H. Sommer, C. Hauzenberger, A. Kröner, S. Muhongo , and G. Hoinkes (2002). Granulite facies metamorphism in the Mozambique belt of Central-Tanzania. 19thAfrica Kolloquium, Marocco, J.African Earth Sciences.

44. S. Muhongo, A. Kröner, E. Wallbrecher, H. Sommer, P.Tuisku and C. Hauzenberger (2002) The formation of Gondwana: a view from the East African. 19th Africa Kolloquium, Marocco, J. African Earth Sciences.

45. C.A. Hauzenberger, H. Sommer, S. Muhongo, A. Kröner (2002). Petrology and zircon geochronology of granulite facies rocks from the Mozambique belt of SW Tanzania. 19th Africa Kolloquium, Marocco, J. African Earth Sciences

46. H. Sommer, T. Vennemann, G. Markl (2000). Fluid rock interaction between ultramafic rocks and pegmatitic veins from Donning Maud Land, Antarctica DMG Meeting, Beih. European Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 121.

47. H. Sommer, D. Ebling, N. Kranz (1998). Thermodynamical behavior and Crystalization Process of Industrial Minerals, Volume of Jahresbericht FMF, 73.

48. H. Sommer, G. Markl (1998) Halogen and fluid bearing minerals in Lujavrites from the Ilimaussaq Intrusion, South Greenland: Compositional changes in fluid and mineral chemistry during late magmatic fluid rock interaction. European Union of Geosciences, Vol. 7.

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D) Information on teaching experience

D1) Teaching experience at the University of Mainz, Institute for

Geoscience (2003 – 2004).

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D2) Teaching experience at the University of Botswana, Department for Geology (2006 – 2008).

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D3) Teaching experience at University of the Free State, South Africa,

Department for Geology (2008 – 2010).

Student evaluation forms can be handed in (about 15 additionally pages)

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D4) Teaching experience at University of the South Pacific, Fiji, Department

for Geography, Earth Science and Environmental Science (2013-2019).

I was employed at the Department of Geography, Earth Science and Environmental Science at

the University of the South Pacific since the first of February 2013 till August 2019 as a

Senior Lecturer/Associate Professor in Volcanology, Geochemistry and Petrology. I thaught

applied geology, introduction to geology, mineralogy, petrology and volcanology. Student

evaluation forms can be handed in.

D5) Teaching experience at University of Namibia, Namibia, Department

for Geology (present).

I´m employed at the Department of Geology at the University of Namibia since January 2020

as a Professor in Volcanology, Geochemistry and Petrology. I´m teaching applied geology,

introduction to geology, mineralogy, petrology and volcanology. Student evaluation forms as

well as teaching evaluations from other staff members can be handed in.

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E) Supervision of BsC, Diplom and MsC Students (2006 – 2012).

Completed bachelor theses (2007 – 2009; University of Botswana)

OH concentrations in olivines from the Eifel, Germany. By Goitseone Segokgo (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Dr. Read Mapeo) Bimodal magmatism in the Moshaneng Complex of South East Botswana. By Gaone Motsoela (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Dr. Read Mapeo) OH concentrations in garnets from the Jwangeng Diamond Mine, South Botswana. By Baba James Elly (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Dr. Read Mapeo) Mineralogy and petrology of mantle xenoliths From Letlhakane Mine, Botswana. By Ndineni Ngayaya (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Dr. Read Mapeo) Pressure and temperature estimations of mantle harzburgites of the Damtsha Mine, Botswana. By Koketso Ludwig (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Dr. Read Mapeo) Microprobe analysis of eclogites of the north lobe from the Jwaneng kimberlite pipe (Southern Botswana). By Tabu Bosco Tabu (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Dr. Read Mapeo) Geohydrological water (OH) cycle of our planet and its role in ascending magma as recorded by nominally anhydrous minerals in Jwangeng North Lobe kimberlite xenoliths. By Lesego Queen Lemponye (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Dr. Read Mapeo) Petrology and field mapping of the Lejwana mafic granulites and surrounding areas, southeast Botswana. By Tirelo Henk Abotseng (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Dr. Read Mapeo)

Completed honor theses (University of the Free State, South Africa)

OH and CO2 diffusion profiles in garnets from eclogitic xenoliths from the Victor diamond mine, South Africa (2009). By Jessika Potgieter (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Prof. J. N. J. Visser) Partitioning coefficient between melt inclusions in garnets in lherzolite xenoliths from the Victor diamond mine, South Africa (2009). By Megan Purchase (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Prof. J. N. J. Visser) Quantification of triple junctions for a possible interconnected networks of aqueous fluids with impacts on the mantle and passages of fluid that motion through it (2010). By Jorette Veltman (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Prof. J. N. J. Visser)

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The preparation of a FTIR microscope and spectrometer in measuring OH and CO2 concentrations in nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMS) from an eclogite in the Robert Victor (Rovic) mine (2010). By Suleen Vermaas (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Prof. J. N. J. Visser)

Mantle Fractionation Through The Migration Of Aqueous Fluid In The Sub-Continental Mantle (2010). By Wiaan Kapp (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Prof. J. N. J. Visser)

Completed Diplom and MsC theses (University of the Free State, South Africa)

Diplomarbeiten: Mineralparagenesen und Gleichgewichte eines lherzolitschen Mantelxenolithen aus der Roberts Victor Mine, Südafrika: Geothermobarometrische Studien an stabilen Phasenfeldern im Oberen Erdmantel des Kaapvaal Kratons unter lagerstättenkundlichen Aspekten (2009). By Jan Globig (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Prof. Walter Gläßer) Petrologische Charakterisierung und Modellierung eines eklogitischen Mantelxenolithen aus der Robert Victor Mine, Südafrika (2009). By Christopher Hocks (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Prof. Walter Gläßer) MsC theses: Phase relationships of lherzlolites from the Roberts Victor Mine, South Africa: A pilot study of extensive papermeters using mineralogical phase equilibria (2012). By Jan Globig (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Prof. Klaus Regenauer-Lieb) Volatiles around two dimensional defect structures as indicated by microdiamonds in decompression cracks (2011). By Jessika Potgieter (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Prof. Klaus Regenauer-Lieb)

Coexistent melt and fluid phases at 5Gpa and 1500°C in peridotites from the Kimberley area, South Africa (2013). By Megan Purchase (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Prof. Klaus Regenauer-Lieb)

Ongoing Phd and MsC projects (University of the South Pacific, Fiji)

MsC theses: Petrography, petrology and mineralogy on spinell lherzolithes from Koro, Fiji island. By Neil Kumar (Supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer; co-supervisor: Prof. Dorrit Jacob) Re-Os isotopy and geochemistry on spinell lherzolithes from Koro, Fiji island. By Natasha Barrett (Supervisor: Prof. Graham Pearson; co-supervisor: Dr. Holger Sommer)

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F) Previous and future research interests My main research interests are in the mineralogical, petrological and geochronological field. The petrological aspects concetrate on high grade rocks, especially in the formation of granulites and eclogites. Granulite- as well as eclogite facies metamorphism is widespread in crustal rocks formed in lower and deeper crustal domains at different times of the Earth´s history and thus forms an important part of the tectonic history of orogenic belts. Consequently, studies on metamorphic reactions and fluid/melt phases in such high-grade granulite and eclogite facies rocks are important for the evaluation of processes in thickened continental crust and the subduction process. For a better understanding of the formation of these rocks, I am using classical methods such as macroscopic and microscopic observations as well as geothermobarometry, including modeling with PerPleX, thermocalc and TWQ software. Additionaly for better understanding of the fluid/melt bearing phases/processes, I am studying also fluid-inclusions and OH on 1 and 2 dimensional defect structures in nominally anhydrous minerals to determine possible fluid phases during metamorphism as well as to estimate possible XCO2

for phase petrological calculations of peak metamorphic conditions. The understanding and the role of the volatiles is very important to distinguish between thermodynamic equilibrium and disequilibrium during metamorphism. In future, I would like to test my observations made in the field and findings gained from the thermodynamic modeling with experimental mineralogical experiments. The next aspect of the research of granulite and eclogite facies rocks is Geochronology. Because lithologic and structural mapping of these multiple deformed and polycyclic high-grade terrains and the subsequent task of reconstructing its tectono-stratigraphy and overall geological history is an enormous challenge. Rocks in such terrains have their ancestry in the lower continental crust and are therefore pathways into the inaccessible lithosphere and are important for studies of geological processes related to the growth and stabilization of our continents. My research interests from the mineralogical side lie in an understanding and explaining emergent constitutive laws in the multi-scale evolution from point defects, dislocations and two-dimensional defects to plate tectonic scales. This is an arduous challenge in condensed matter physics. The Earth appears to be the only planet known to have developed stable plate tectonics as a means to get rid of its heat. The emergence of plate tectonics out of mantle convection appears to rely intrinsically on the capacity to form extremely weak faults in the top 100 km of the planet. These faults have a memory of at least several hundred millions of years, yet they appear to rely on the effects of water on line defects. This important phenomenon was first discovered in laboratory and dubbed „hydrolytic weakening“. At the large scale it explains cycles of co-located resurgence of plate generation and consumption (the Wilson cycle), but the exact physics of the underlying process itself and the enormous spanning of scales still remains unclear. We extend an approach in which localization of incompatible phases appear to reside on the grain boundaries of the mantle mineral olivine. I focus, however, only on the volatile phase CO2

and H2O. Recently, I started with the investigations on ore forming processes, such as gold and copper, during the hydrothermal stages on the Fiji islands and on the use of geothermal power in the South Pacific. There, I´m investigating water samples from the hot springs in respect to geothermal energy, desalinitation, geothermal freezer and other applications. In terms of ore mineralization I started to investigate the extraction of ore minerals out of the strongly

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mineralized water sampled from the hot springs. Another aspect dealing with water collected from the hot springs is the formation of simple life like microbes within this strongly mineralized water, this research could also be extended on the formation of early life during Archaean as found in rock specimen from the Barbeton in South Africa.

G) Contact details

Dr. Holger Sommer Department of Geography, Earth Science and Environmental Science University of the South Pacific Suva, Fiji Email: somhol@yahoo.de; info@holgersommer.de http://www.holgersommer.de

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H) Additional information

DAAD stipend ate for doing research at the USGS Lab in Stanford, USA

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Industry practica at the Freiburger Material Science Centre and Bayosan between march

1998 and august 1998. Subject was the “thermo characterization of building materials, like

Gypsum”.

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I) Possible referees

Referee about my knowledge in geochronology and metamorphic/igneous petrology: Prof. Dr. Alfred Kroener, Johannes-Gutenberg-University of Mainz Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Paleontology Becherweg 21, 55099 Mainz, Germany email: kroener@mail.uni-mainz.de Referee about my knowledge in geodynamic and material science: Prof. Dr. Klaus Regenauer-Lieb, UNSW AUSTRALIA UNSW SYDNEY NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA email: klaus@unsw.edu.au Referee about my knowledge in petrology and geochemistry: Prof. Dr. Dorrit Jacob, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences BD Building Level 3, 4 Research Park Drive, Macquarie University, North Ryde NSW 2109 Australia email: dorrit.jacob@mq.edu.au