cyivZb wbqg cwiµgv Avw`cy¯K Ñ gvjvLx · wQj cv_wgK fv‡e cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨‡`i Zvrchc~Y mvÿ¨| Avwg hLb eq:cvß njvg, m‡½ m‡½ Avgvi wb‡Ri wel‡q Ges Avgvi RMr m¤ú‡K

Avcwb evB‡ej eyS‡Z cvi‡eb!

cyivZb wbqg cwiµgv

Avw`cy¯ÍK Ñ gvjvLx

W. ee DU‡j

Hermeneutics Gi Aa¨vcK

(evB‡ej e¨vL¨v)

BIBLE LESSONS INTERNATIONAL: MARSHALL, TEXAS 2002 (Revised 2010)

2

cyivZb wbqg cwiµgv

Avw`cy¯ÍK Ñ gvjvLx

W. ee DU‡j

evB‡ej †jmb B›Uvib¨vkbvj

welq e¯‘

I. DËg evB‡ej Aa¨qb wb‡ ©wkKv

II. cÖviw¤¢K e³…Zv

K. eëüZ Uvg©mg~n

L. †Kb cyivZb wbqg Aa¨qb

M. cyivZb wbqg wKfv‡e Aa¨qb Ki‡Z n‡e

N. g~j (BASIC) gvbwPÎ

O. g~j (BASIC) mgq †iLv

III. ‡Zviv

K. Avw`cy¯ÍK

L. hvÎvcy¯ÍK

M. †jexq

N. MYbv

O. wØZxq weeiY

IV. c~e©Kvjxb fveev`xMY

K. wh‡nvk~q

L. wePviKZ…©KMY

M. iƒZ (†jLbxmg~n)

N. kg~‡qj

O. ivRvejx

V. PvU© Ñ wef³ iv‡Rï ivRvMY

VI. †jLbxmg~n

K. eskvejx

L. Blªv

M. bwnwgq

3

N. B‡ói

VII. cÖÁv mvwnZ¨

K. wneªæ KweZv

L. eB¸wj

B‡qve

MxZmswnZv

wn‡Zvc‡`k

Dc‡`kK

cigMxZ

VIII. cÖavb fveev`xMY

K. cyivZb wbq‡gi fveevYxmg~‡ni f~wgKv

L. eB¸wj

whkvBq

whiwgq

wejvc

whwn‡¯‹j

`vwb‡qj

IX. ÿy ª fveev`xMY ‡nv‡kq

‡hv‡qj

Av‡gvl

Iew`q

‡hvbv

gxLv

bûg

neKK~K

mdwbq

nMq

mLwiq

gvjvLx

4

DËg evB‡ej Aa¨q‡bi wb‡ ©kbvt

cÖgvY‡hvM¨ m‡Zï Rb¨ e¨w³MZ AbymÜvb

(A GUIDE TO GOOD BIBLE READING: A PERSONAL SEARCH FOR VERIFIABLE TRUTH)

Avgiv wK mZ¨ Rvb‡Z cvwi? †Kv_vq GwU cv‡ev? Avgiv wK G‡K hyw³MZ fv‡e cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvwi? m‡e©v”P KZ…©Z¡Kvix e‡j wK †KD Av‡Qb?

Ggb P~ovšÍ wK wKQz Av‡Q hv Avgv‡ì Rxeb‡K, Avgv‡ì c„w_ex‡K cwiPvjbv w`‡Z cv‡i? Rxe‡bi wK †Kvb A_© Av‡Q? Avgiv †Kb c„w_ex‡Z?

Avgiv †Kv_vq hvw”Q? GB cÖkœ wjÑhv mKj hyw³m¤§Z †jv‡Ki Mfxi fv‡e wPšÍviÑgvbweK †gav‡K mg‡qi ïiæ †_‡KB weeªZ Ki‡Q (Dc‡`kK

1:13-18; 3:9-11)|

Avgvi Rxe‡bi ALÛ welq wb‡q Avgvi e¨w³MZ AbymÜvb‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z cvwi| Avwg Lye Aí eqm †_‡KB GKRb Lªxó wek¦vmx, hvi wfwË

wQj cÖv_wgK fv‡e cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨‡ì Zvrch©c~Y© mvÿ¨| Avwg hLb eq:cÖvß njvg, m‡½ m‡½ Avgvi wb‡Ri wel‡q Ges Avgvi RMr m¤ú‡K©

cÖkœI evo‡Z jvM‡jv| mvaviY mvs¯‹…wZK I agx©q K_vgvjv †Kvb A_© enb Ki‡Zv bv †mB me AwfÁZvi hv Avwg cvV K‡iwQ ev hvi m¤§yLvm¤§ywL

n‡qwQ| GUv wQj A¯w ÍKi, K‡Vvi RMZ †h RM‡Z Avwg evm Kwi Zvi mvg‡b GKUv wØavØ‡›Øi, A‡šl‡Yi, AvKvsL¨vi Ges cÖvqB nZvkvi

AbyfzwZi mgq|

A‡b‡K `vex K‡i †h Zv‡ì Kv‡Q GB me P~ovšÍ cÖ‡kœi DËi i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ M‡elYv I wPšÍvi c‡i Avwg †c‡qwQ †h Zv‡ì DËi¸wji wfwË wQj:

(1) e¨w³MZ `k©b, (2) cÖvPxb †jvK-Kvwnbx, (3) e¨w³MZ AwfÁZv A_ev (4) gvbwmK Awfe¨w³| Avgvi ìKvi wQj wKQz wbðqZv, wKQz cÖgvY,

wKQz hyw³ m¤§Z wePvi hvi Dc‡i Avgvi wek¦-`k©b, Avgvi ALÛZvi †K›`ª, Avgvi †eu‡P _vKvi hyw³ wbf©ikxj|

Avwg G¸wj Avgvi evB‡ej Aa¨q‡b †c‡qwQ| Avwg Gi wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zvi cÖgv‡Yi wel‡q AbymÜvb ïiæ Kwi, hv Avwg †c‡qwQ (1) evB‡e‡ji

HwZnvwmK ev¯ÍeZv †hwU wbwðZ K‡i‡Qb cÖZœZË¡we‡ìv, (2) cyivZb wbq‡gi fveevYxi wbfz©jZv, (3) evB‡ej †jLbxi m¤ú~Y© 16 kZ eQ‡i Gi

evZ©vi HK¨, Ges (4) ‡mB me †jvK‡ì e¨w³MZ mvÿ¨, hv‡ì Rxeb evB‡e‡ji ms¯ú‡k© G‡m ’vqxfv‡e cwiewZ©Z n‡q †M‡Q| Lªxóag©, wbf©iZv I

wek¦v‡mi GKxf~Z c×wZ wnmv‡e, gvby‡li Rxe‡bi GB me RwUj cÖkœ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z mg_©| G¸wj †KejgvÎ hyw³m½Z KvVv‡gv †hvMvq bv,

wKš‘ evB‡ej wbf©iZvi AwfÁZv-wfwËK w`Kmg~n Avgv‡K Av‡eMMZ w`K w`‡q Avb›` I „p cÖZ¨q G‡b †`q|

Avwg †f‡ewQ †h Avgvi Rxe‡bi Rb¨ ALÛ †K› ª †c‡q †MwQÑevB‡ej| GwU wQj GKwU wkniY RvMvb AwfÁZv, GK Av‡eMgq cÖkvwšÍ|

hv‡nvK, Avwg GLbI ¯§iY Ki‡Z cvwi †mB AvNvZ I hš¿Yv hLb GwU Avgvi Kv‡Q cÖKvwkZ n‡Z _v‡K †h GB eBwUi KZ¸wj wfbœ wfbœ Abyev` hv

†jv‡Ki Øviv mgw_©Z, KLbI KLbI GKB gÛjx‡Z Ges wPšÍvkxj cwÛZ‡ì Kv‡Q| evB‡e‡ji wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv I Aby‡cÖiYv Aby‡gv`‡bi †kl wQj bv,

wKš‘ †KejgvÎ Avi¤¢ wQj| wKfv‡e Avwg kv‡ ¿i A‡bK KwVb As‡ki ci¯úi we‡ivwa I cv_©K¨ wewkó Abyev`‡K hviv `vex Ki‡Q †h Zv KZ…©Z¡Kvix

I wbf©‡i‡hvM¨ †m¸wj cÖgvY Ki‡ev ev evwZj Ki‡ev?

GB KvRwU n‡q co‡jv Avgvi Rxe‡bi jÿ¨ Ges wek¦v‡mi Zx_©hvÎv| Avwg RvbZvg †h Lªx‡ó Avgvi wek¦vm Avgvi Rxe‡b gnv kvwšÍ I Avb›`

G‡b‡Q| Avgvi ms¯‹…wZi m¤ú‡K©i gvSLv‡b Avgvi gb AvKvsLxZ wQj †Kvb P~ovšÍ wKQzi Ges agx©q c×wZi †Mvuovgxc~Y© Ø›Ø I wW‡bvwg‡bkbMZ

J×Z¨| cÖvPxb mvwn‡Zï Abyev‡ì wel‡q Avgvi êa cÖwµqvi A‡Y¦l‡b, Avwg wew®§Z n‡qwQjvg Avgvi wb‡Ri HwZnvwmK, mvs¯‹…wZK,

wW‡bvwg‡bkbvj I AwfÁvZvi cÿcvZ Avwe¯‹v‡i| Avwg gv‡S gv‡SB evB‡ej cvV Kwi †KejgvÎ Avgvi wb‡Ri „wófw½ cybivq kw³kvjx Kivi

Rb¨| Avwg GwU eënvi Kwi †Mvovwgi Drm wnmv‡e Ab¨‡ì AvµgY Ki‡Z hLb cybtwbwðZ Avgvi wb‡Ri wbivcËvnxbZv Ges AcÖZzjZvi| GB

ev ÍeZv Dcjwä Avgvi Kv‡Q KZUv hš¿Yv`vqK wQj!

hwÌ Avwg KL‡bvB m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c D‡Ïk¨g~jK n‡Z cvwiwb, Avwg GKRb fvj evB‡ej cvVK n‡Z ‡c‡iwQ| Avwg Avgvi g~j cÿcvZ‡K mxgve×

Ki‡Z cvwi †m¸wj‡K wPwýZ K‡i Ges Zv‡ì Dcw ’wZ ¯xKvi K‡i| hwÌ Avwg ‡mme †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cvwiwb, wKš‘ Avwg Avgvi wb‡Ri `ye©jZvi

m¤§yLvm¤§~Lx n‡qwQ| Abyev`K cÖvqB fvj evB‡ej cv‡Vi me‡P‡q Lvivc kÎæ!

‡mRb¨, evB‡ej Aa¨q‡b Avwg Avgvi c~e© aviYv¸wj ZvwjKv KiwQ †hb Avcwb, cvVK wnmv‡e, Avgvi mv‡_ †m¸wj cixÿv Ki‡Z cv‡ib:

(1) Avwg wek¦vm Kwi evB‡ej nj GKgvÎ mZ¨ Ck¦‡ii AbycÖvwYZ AvZ¥-cÖKvk| †mRb¨, GwU Aek¨B Abyev` Ki‡Z n‡e wbw ©ó HwZnvwmK

Ae ’v‡b Hk¦ixK AbycÖvwYZ g~j †jL‡Ki gvbweK †jLK‡ì gva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ D‡Ïkï Av‡jv‡Z|

(2) Avwg wek¦vm Kwi †h evB‡ej mvaviY gvby‡liv wj‡L‡QbÑ mKj gvby‡li Rb¨! Ck¦i wb‡R‡K ¯úófv‡e Avgv‡ì mv‡_ K_v ejvi ch©v‡q

G‡b‡Qb HwZnvwmK Ges mvs¯‹…wZ‡Z †cÖÿvc‡U| Ck¦i mZ¨ †Mvcb K‡ib bvÑwZwb †P‡q‡Qb Avgiv †hb eywS! †mRb¨, GwU Abyev` n‡Z

n‡e †mB mg‡qi Av‡jv‡K wKš‘ Avgv‡ì mg‡qi Av‡jv‡K bq| evB‡ej Ggb bq †h AvR‡K Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q †h A_© cÖKvk Ki‡Q Zv

Zv‡ì Kv‡Q KL‡bB cÖKvk K‡iwb cÖ_g hviv Gi K_v ï‡b‡Q ev cvV K‡i‡Q| GUv MocoZv mKj gvbweK g‡bi †evaMg¨ Ges

eënvi †hvM¨ mv&aviY gvbweK †hvMv‡hvM †KŠkj I cÖwµqv‡Z|

(3) Avwg wek¦vm Kwi evB‡e‡j i‡q‡Q ALÛ evZ©v I D‡Ïk¨| GUv KL‡bv wb‡R‡K wb‡Ri mv‡_ we‡iva K‡i bv, hwÌ G‡Z KwVb I

AmvgÄm¨c~Y© c¨v‡mR Av‡Q| ZvB evB‡ej wb‡RB nj evB‡e‡ji me‡P‡q fvj Abyev`K|

(4) Avwg wek¦vm Kwi cÖwZwU c¨v‡m‡Ri (fveevYx Qvov) GKwU †KejgvÎ GKwUB A_© i‡q‡Q hvi wfwË g~j AbycÖvwYZ †jLK‡ì jÿ¨|

hwÌ Avgiv Rvwb Avgiv KL‡bvB m¤ú~Y© wbwðZ n‡Z cvwi bv g~j †jL‡Ki jÿ¨ m¤ú‡K©, Z‡e Gi w`‡K A‡bK wb‡ ©kK jÿ¨ Kivq:

(K) genre (mvwn‡Zï ixwZ) †e‡Q †bIqv n‡q‡Q evZ©v cÖKv‡ki Rb¨

(L) HwZnvwmK cwiw ’wZ Ges/A_ev wbw ©ó Dcjÿ¨ hv Gi †jLbxi Rb¨ `vqx

(M) mgMÖ cy Í‡Ki mvwnZ¨ welqK †cÖÿvcU †mB m‡½ cÖwZwU mvwn‡Zï GKK

5

(N) mvwn‡Zï GK‡Ki †jLbxi cwiKíbv (iƒc‡iLv) †hfv‡e †m¸wj mgMÖ evZ©vi m‡½ m¤úK©hy³

(O) wbw ©ó e¨vKiYMZ MVb‰kjx evZ©vwU †hvM‡hv‡M Kvh©iZ|

(P) evZ©vwU Dc ’vc‡b kã Pqb|

D‡jøwLZ welq¸wji cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Îi Aa¨qb nj Avgv‡ì c¨v‡mR Aa¨q‡bi D‡Ïk¨| fvj evB‡ej cv‡V Avgvi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Kivi

Av‡M Avgv‡K wKQz Abychy³ c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z w`b †h¸wj AvR‡K eëüZ n‡”Q hvi Kvi‡Y Abyev‡ì A‡bK we‡f` m„wó n‡”Q, hv Aek¨B

cwinvi Kiv n‡q‡Q:

(1) evB‡e‡ji cy ÍK¸wji mvwn‡Zï †cÖÿvcU Ae‡njv Kiv Ges cÖwZwU evK¨, evK¨vsk A_ev cÖwZwU ¯Zš¿ kãmg~n‡K m‡Zï cÖKv&k wnmv‡e

†bIqv hvi m‡½ †jL‡Ki D‡Ï‡kï ev e„nr †cÖÿvc‡Ui †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| G‡K cÖvqB ejv nq “proof-texting.”

(2) cy ÍK¸wji HwZnvwmK ‡cÖÿvcU Ae‡njv K‡i Abygvb wbf©i HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU wbY©q hv †jLbxi m‡½ mvgvb¨ ev †Kvb fv‡eB mg_©b

K‡i bv|

(3) cy ÍK¸wji HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU Ae‡njv Ges G‡K mKv‡ji ’vbxq msev`cÎ †hwU †jLv nq cÖv_wgK fv‡e AvaywbK ¯Zš¿ Lªxwóqv‡ì

Rb¨ †mfv‡e cvV Kiv|

(4) †jLbx‡K `vk©wbK/ag©ZvwË¡K evZ©v wnmv‡e iƒcKvZ¥K ev cÖwZwK wnmv‡e †bIqvi Øviv cy ÍK¸wji HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU Ae‡njv Kiv m¤ú~Y©

fv‡e cÖ_g †kÖvZv‡ì Ges g~j †jLK‡ì D‡Ï‡kï m‡½ m¤úK©hy³ bq|

(5) wb‡R‡ì ag©ZvwË¡K c×wZ, cQ›`mB gZev` ev mgKvjxb welqmg~n BZ¨vw` weKí Øviv g~j evZ©v‡K Ae‡njv Kiv g~j †jLK‡ì D‡Ïk¨

Ges cÖKvwkZ evZ©vi m‡½ m¤úK©hy³ bq| cÖvqB GB NUbv Abymib K‡i evB‡e‡ji cÖv_wgK cv‡V cÖwZwôZ e³vi KZ…©Z¡ cÖwZôvi GKwU

Dcvq wnmv‡e| G‡K cÖvqB D‡jøL Kiv nq ÔcvVK‡ì mvov cÖ vbÕ (ÔAvgvi Kv‡Q cv‡Vi A_© wKÕ Abyev`) e‡j|

mg Í wjwLZ gvbweK †hvMv‡hv‡M AšÍZc‡ÿ wZbwU m¤úK©hy³ Dcv`vb cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i:

g~j

†jL‡Ki

D‡Ïk¨

wjwLZ

cvV

g~j

MÖwnZv

AwZ‡Z, GB wZbwU Dcv`v‡bi ‡h †Kvb GKwU‡Z wfbœ wfbœ cvV †KŠk‡j „wó †Ìqv n‡Zv, wKš‘ evB‡e‡ji mwZ¨Kvi PgrKvi Aby‡cÖiYvi

wbf©iZvi me‡P‡q Dchy³ nj GKwU cwiewZ©Z WvqMÖvgt

cweÎ

AvZ¥v

cvÛzwjwci

cv_©K¨

ciewZ©Kv‡ji

wek¦vmxiv

g~j †jL‡Ki

D‡Ïk¨

wjwLZ

cvV

g~j

MÖwnZv

m‡Z¨ wZbwU Dcv`vbB Aek¨B AšÍf~©³ n‡e e¨vL¨v`vbKvix cÖwµqv‡Z| h_v_©Zv wbY©‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨, Avgvi Abyev‡ì „wó wbe× nq cÖ_g ywU

Dcv`v‡b: g~j †jLK Ges cvV| Avwg m¤¢eZ †h me Ae‡njv jÿ¨ K‡iwQ Zv‡Z cÖwZwµqv cÖKvk K‡iwQ (1) iƒcKvZ¥K ev AvwZ¥wKKiY cvV Ges

(2) ÒcvV‡Ki mvov cÖ vbÓ Abyev` (Avgvi Kv‡Q Gi A_© wK)| Ae‡njv cÖwZwU av‡cB NU‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡ì‡K me mgq Avgv‡ì D‡Ïk¨,

cÿcvwZË¡, †KŠkj Ges cÖ‡qvM cixÿv Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ wKfv‡e Avgiv Zv cixÿv Ki‡ev hw` Abyev‡ì †Kvb mxgvbv, mxgv‡iLv, †Kvb bxwZ bv

_v‡K? GLv‡bB †jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ Ges †jLbxi KvVv‡gv Avgv‡K wKQz bxwZ hywM‡q †`q mv¤¢ve¨ êa Abyev‡ì my‡hvM mxgve× Kivi Rb¨|

GB Abychy³ cvV †KŠk‡ji Av‡jv‡Z, DËg evB‡ej Aa¨qb I e¨vL¨vi wKQz mv¤¢ve¨ cÖ‡qvM wK hv GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvb wbf©iZv I mvgÄm¨Zv

†`‡e?

GB c‡q‡›U Avwg Av‡jvPbv KiwQ bv wbw ©ó †jLbx Abyev‡ì Ac~e© †KŠkj wKš‘ mvaviY evB‡ej e¨vL¨vi bxwZmg~n hv mKj cÖKvi evB‡e‡ji

†U·‡Ui Rb¨ êa| †jLbx †KŠk‡ji wbw ©ó cÖwµqvi GKwU fvj eB nj How To Read The Bible For All Its Worth, by Gordon Fee and Douglas Stuart, published by Zondervan.

Avgvi c×wZ jÿ¨ iv‡L cÖv_wgK fv‡e cvVK‡ì Dc‡i hv‡ì cweÎ AvZ¥v evB‡e‡ji Øviv Av‡jvwKZ K‡i‡Q PviwU e¨w³MZ cvV P‡µi

gva¨‡g| GwU AvZ¥v, †jLbx Ges cvVK‡K gyL¨ K‡i, †MŠb K‡i bv| GwU AviI cvVK‡K iÿv K‡i e¨vL¨vKviK‡ì AwZwi³ cÖfve †_‡K| Avwg GUv

ej‡Z ï‡bwQ: Òe¨vL¨vi Dc‡i evB‡ej A‡bK Av‡jvK cÖ‡ÿc K‡i‡Q|Ó Gi gv‡b GB bq †h Aa¨qb DcKi‡Yi cÖwZ nxb gšÍe¨ Kiv, wKš‘ †m¸wji

mwVK eënv‡i Dchy³ mg‡qi Av‡e`b Kiv|

†jLbxB Avgv‡ì Abyev`‡K mgw_©Z Ki‡e Avgv‡ì Aek¨B Ggb mÿgZv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| cuvPwU †ÿÎ AšÍZc‡ÿ GB& mxgve× cv_©K¨

†`Lvq:

(1) HwZnvwmK Ae ’vb

6

(2) mvwnZ¨MZ †cÖÿvcU

(3) e¨vKiYMZ KvVv‡gv(syntax)

(4) mgKvjxb kã eënvi

(5) mym½Z mgvšÍivj c¨v‡mR

Avgv‡ì Abyev‡ì †cQ‡b KviY Ges hyw³ †`Lv‡bvi mÿgZv _vKvi cÖ‡qvRb| evB‡ej nj Avgv‡ì GKgvÎ wek¦vm I Abykxj‡bi Drm|

`y:LRbK fv‡e ej‡Z nq, Lªxwóqv‡biv cÖvqB Gi wkÿv ev GwU hv Aby‡gv`b K‡i Zv‡Z GKgZ bq|

PviwU cvV Pµ cwiKwíZ Kiv n‡q‡Q cieZx© e¨vLv`vbKvix AšÍ© „wó‡Z:

(1) cÖ_g cvV Pµ

K) GKev‡iB eBwU c‡o †kl Kiv| Zvici wfbœ Abyev‡` GwU Avevi cvV Kiæb, AvkvcÖ fv‡e wfbœ Abyev` ZË¡ †_‡K:

(1) word-for-word (NKJV, NASB, NRSV)

(2) MwZkxj mgZvc~Y© (TEV, JB)

(3) fvev_© cÖKvk (Living Bible, Amplified Bible)

L) mgMÖ †jLbxi †Kw›`ªq D‡Ïkï w`‡K jÿ¨ ivLv| Gi g~j fve wPwýZ Kiv|

M) mvwnZ¨ GKK, Aa¨vq, c¨vivMÖvd ev evK¨ wew”Qbœ (hw` m¤¢e nq) Kiæb †hwU ¯úófv‡e Gi †K›`ªxq D‡Ïk¨ ev g~j fve cÖKvk

Ki‡Q|

N) cÖavb mvwnZ¨ ixwZ wPwýZ Kiæb:

(i) cyivZb wbqg

K) wneªæ eY©bv

L) wneªæ KweZv (cÖÁv mvwnZ¨, MxZmswnZv)

M) wneªæ fveevYx (M`¨, KweZv)

N) eë ’vi kã †KŠkj (‡KvW)

(ii) b~Zb wbqg 1) eY©bvg~jK (mymgvPvi, †cÖwiZ cy ÍK) 2) wPwV/‡cÖwiZ cÎmg~n 3) inm¨ cÖKvkg~jK mvwnZ¨

(2) wØZxq cvV Pµ K) mg Í eBwU Avevi cvV Kiæb, eo eo g~j welq ev welqe ‘ wPwýZ Ki‡Z A‡šlY Kiæb| L) eo eo g~j welq iƒc‡iLv Kiæb Ges mnR fv‡e Zv‡ì welqe ‘ ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv Kiæb| M) Avcbvi D‡Ïkï wee„wZ cixÿv Kiæb Ges Aa¨qb DcKi‡bi mvnv‡h¨ iƒc‡iLvwU eo Kiæb|

(3) Z…Zxq cvV Pµ

K) mgMÖ eBwU Avevi cvV Kiæb, evB‡e‡ji cy ÍK †_‡K HwnZvwmK †cÖÿvcU I †jLvi wbw ©ó Dcjÿ¨ Lyu‡R †ei K‡i wPwýZ

Kiæb|

L) HwZnvwmK welq¸wji ZvwjKv Kiæb:

(1) †jLK

(2) ZvwiL

(3) MÖnxZv

(4) †jLvi wcQ‡b wbw ©ó KviY

(5) ms¯‹…wZMZ †cÖÿvc‡Ui w`K mg~n hv †jLvi D‡Ïkï m‡½ m¤úK©hy³

M) †h evB‡e‡ji cy Í‡Ki Avcwb Abyev` Ki‡Qb Zvi c¨vivM¨vd Íi ch©šÍ Avcbvi iƒc‡iLv‡K cÖmvwiZ Kiæb| me mgqB mvwn‡Zï

GKK wPwýZ Kiæb Ges iƒc‡iLv ˆZix Kiæb| GUv n‡Z cv‡i K‡qKwU Aa¨vq ev c¨vivMÖvd| GwU Avcbv‡K mÿg Ki‡e g~j

†jL‡Ki hyw³ Ges †jLbxi cwiKíbv AbymiY Ki‡Z|

N) Aa¨qb DcKi‡bi mvnv‡h¨ Avcbvi HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU cixÿv Kiæb|

(4) PZz_© cvV Pµ

K) wbw ©ó mvwnZ¨ GKK K‡qKwU wfbœ wfbœ Abyev` †_‡K cvV Kiæb

L) mvwnZ¨MZ ev e¨vKiYMZ KvVv‡gv †`Lyb:

(i) evievi D‡jøwLZ kã¸”Q

(ii) evi evi D‡jøwLZ e¨vKiYMZ KvVv‡gv

(iii) Zzjbvg~jK aviYv mg~n

M) cieZx© welq¸wj ZvwjKv& Kiæb:

(i) Zvrch©c~Y© Uvg©nmg~n

7

(ii) A¯vfvweK Uvg©mg~n

(iii) ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨vKiYMZ KvVv‡gv

(iv) wbw ©ó KwVb kãmg~n, evK¨vsk Ges evK¨mg~n

N) mgZvc~Y© mgvšÍivj c¨v‡mR †`Lyb:

(i) Avcbvi eëüZ wel‡qi ¯úó wkÿvi c¨v‡mR¸wj †`Lyb:

K) ÒavivevwnK ag©ZË¡Ó cy ÍK

L) †idv‡iÝ evB‡ej

M) k‡ãi AÿiMZ m~Px (concordances) eënvi K‡i

(ii) Avcbvi wel‡qi g‡a¨ mv¤¢ve¨ Am½Z g‡b n‡jI m½Z †Rvov evK¨ ‡`Lyb; A‡bK evB‡e‡ji mZ¨ Dc ’vcb Kiv

n‡q‡Q hyw³MZ Av‡jvPbvi †Rvovq; A‡bK wW‡bvwg‡bkbMZ Ø›Ø G‡m‡Q evB‡e‡ji Ø‡›Øi Aa© cÖgvwYZ †jLbx ev

proof-texting †_‡K| mgMÖ evB‡ej AbycÖvwYZ, Ges Avgv‡ì Aek¨B Gi m¤ú~Y© evZ©v Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e

Avgv‡ì Abyev‡` kvw ¿q mvgÄm¨Zv †hvMv‡bvi ¯v‡_©©| (iii) GKB cy ÍK, GKB †jLK ev GKB mvwnZ¨ ixwZi mgvšÍivj welq¸wj †`Lyb; evB‡ejB nj Gi me‡P‡q fvj Abyev`K

KviY G‡Z i‡q‡Q GKRb †jLK, AvZ¥v| O) HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU I Dcjÿ¨ wel‡q Avcbvi ch©‡eÿY Aa¨qb DcKi‡bi mnvqZvq cixÿv Kiæb|

(i) ÷vwW evB‡ej (ii) evB‡ej wek¦‡Kvl, n¨vÛeyK I wW·bvix (iii) evBe‡ji f~wgKv (iv) evB‡ej e¨vL¨vmg~n (Avcbvi Aa¨q‡bi GB c‡q‡›U, wek¦vmx m¤úª vq‡K my‡hvM w`b, AZxZ Ges eZ©gvb, Avcbvi e¨w³MZ

Aa¨q‡b mnvqZv I ms‡kvab Ki‡Z|)

GB c‡q‡›U Avgiv cÖ‡qv‡Mi w`‡K hve| Avcwb g~j¨ w`‡q‡Qb †jLbxi g~j †cÖÿvcU Dcjwä‡Z; GLb GwU Avcbvi Rxe‡b, Avcbvi ms¯‹…wZ‡Z

Aek¨B cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb| Avwg evB‡e‡ji KZ…©Z¡‡K Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kwi Òg~j evB‡ej †jLK Zvi mg‡q wK e‡j‡Qb Ges †mB mZ¨‡K AvR‡K

Avgv‡ì mg‡q cÖ‡qvM KivUv †evSv|Ó

cÖ‡qvM Aek¨B Dfq mgq Ges hyw³‡Z gyj †jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Abymib Ki‡e| Avgiv ZZÿY ch©šÍ evB‡e‡ji c¨v‡mR Avgv‡ì mg‡q

cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvwi bv hZÿY ch©šÍ Avgiv evB‡e‡ji mg‡q GwU wK e‡j‡Q Zv bv eyS‡Z cvwi! GKwU evB‡ej c¨v‡mR Aek¨B GB A_© cÖKvk

Ki‡e bv hv GwU KL‡bvB A_© K‡iwb!

Avcbvi wek` iƒc‡iLv, c¨vivMÖvd Í‡i (cvV Pµ#3) Avcbvi wb‡ ©kK n‡e| cÖ‡qvM Aek¨B c¨vivMÖvd Í‡i wbwY©Z n‡e, kã Í‡i bq! k‡ãi

†Kej †jLbxi cÖm‡½ A_© _v‡K; evK¨vs‡kiI †Kej Gi cÖm‡½ A_© _v‡K; ev‡KïI Gi cÖm‡½ †Kej A_© _v‡K| †Kej AbycÖvwYZ e¨w³ g~j

†jL‡Ki e¨vL¨v cÖwµqvq RwoZ _v‡K| Avgiv †Kej gvÎ Zvi c_ AbymiY Kwi cweÎ AvZ¥vi Av‡jv‡K| wKš‘ Av‡jvwKZKiY Aby‡cÖiYv bq| ejv

nq, ÔGB m`vcÖfzi evK¨Õ, Avgv‡ì Aek¨B g~j †jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ ‡g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvM Aek¨B wbw ©ó fv‡e m¤úK©hy³ n‡e mgMÖ †jLbxi mvaviY

D‡Ï‡k¨, wbw ©ó mvwnZ¨ GKK Ges c¨vivMÖvd Í‡ii wPšÍvi Dbœq‡bi mv‡_|

Avgv‡ì mg‡qi welq‡K evB‡e‡ji Abyev‡` hy³ Ki‡eb bv; evB‡ej‡K K_v ej‡Z w`b! G‡Z Aek¨B Avgv‡ì Avek¨K n‡e †jLbx †_‡K

bxwZ †ei Kiv| GwU êa hw` †jLbx bxwZ‡K mg_©b K‡i| yf©vM¨RbK fv‡e, A‡bK mgq Avgv‡ì bxwZmg~n GiKg nqÑÒAvgv‡ìÓ bxwZÑ wKš‘

†jLbxi bxwZ bq|

evB‡ej cÖ‡qv‡M, GUv g‡b ivLv ìKvi †h (fveevYxi †ÿÎ Qvov) GKwU wbw ©ó evB‡ej †jLbxi GKwU †KejgvÎ GKwUB A_© êa| GB A_©

gyj †jL‡Ki D‡Ï‡kï m‡½ m¤úK©hy³ †hfv‡e †m Zvi mg‡qi †Kvb mgm¨v ev cÖ‡qvRb wel‡q e‡j‡Q| GB GKwU A_© †_‡K A‡bK mv¤¢ve¨ cÖ‡qvM

†ei Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖ‡qv‡Mi wfwË n‡e MÖnxZvi cÖ‡qvRb wKš‘ Aek¨B g~j †jL‡Ki A‡_©i m‡½ m¤úK©hy³ _vK‡e|

hZUv m¤¢e Avwg Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ Abyev` I cÖ‡qv‡M RwoZ hyw³MZ I †jLbxMZ †KŠkj m¤‡Ü| GLb Avwg ms‡ÿ‡c Abyev‡ì AvwZ¥K

w`Kmg~n wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev| cieZx©‡Z D‡jøwLZ cixÿvi ZvwjKv Avgvi Rb¨ mnvqK n‡q‡Q:

(1) AvZ¥vi mvnv‡hï Rb¨ cÖv_©bv (1 Kwi 1:26-2:16)|

(2) e¨w³MZ fv‡e Rvbv cvc mg~‡ni Rb¨ ÿgv I ïwPZvi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv (1 †hvnb 1:9)|

(3) Ck¦i‡K AviI fvjfv‡e Rvbvi AvKvsL¨vq cÖv_©bv (MxZ 19:7-14; 42:1 c` †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 119:1 c` †_‡K K‡qKwU c`)|

(4) †h †Kvb b~Zb AšÍ© „wó ZrÿYvr wb‡Ri Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvM|

(5) AweiZ b¤ª I wkL‡Z AvMÖnx _vKv|

hyw³MZ cÖwµqv Ges cweÎ AvZ¥vi AvwZ¥K †bZ…‡Z¡i g‡a¨ mgZv iÿv Kiv Lye KwVb KvR| cieZx© D×…wZ Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q ywUi g‡a¨

mgZv ivL‡Z:

(1) James W. Sire, Scripture Twisting, IVP, p. 17-18 †_‡K:

ÒCk¦‡ii †jvK‡ì g‡b Ck¦‡ii KvQ †_‡K Av‡jv Av‡mÑ‡KejgvÎ AvwZ¥K DËgZvi Rb¨ bq| evB‡ej wfwËK Lªxóa‡g©i †Kvb

AvwZ¥K ¸iæi (guru) K¬vk bq, †Kvb Av‡jvwKZKiY bq, †Kvb †jvK bq hv‡ì gva¨‡g mwVK Abyev` Aek¨B Avm‡e| Ges

GiKgB, hLb cweÎ AvZ¥v cÖÁv, Ávb Ges AvwZ¥K wePÿYZvi we‡kl `vb †`b, wZwb KL‡bvB `vb cÖvß Lªxwóqvb‡ì Zuvi

8

ev‡Kï KZ…©Z¡Kvix Abyev`K wnmv‡e we‡ePbv K‡ib bv| GwU Zuvi cÖwZwU †jv‡Ki Rb¨ Zviv wkL‡e, wePvi Ki‡e Ges g‡bv‡hvM

†`‡e evB‡e‡ji D‡jøL Øviv †hwU KZ…©Z¡ wb‡q `vuovb Zv‡ìI Kv‡Q hv‡ì Ck¦i we‡kl `ÿZv w`‡q‡Qb| mKj wKQzi mvivs‡k,

evB‡e‡ji mgMÖ cy Í‡Ki wel‡q Avgvi Abygvb nj †m mKj gvby‡li Rb¨ Ck¦‡ii mwZ¨Kvi cÖKvk, Avi mKj welq m¤ú‡K© GwU

hv e‡j Zvnj Avgv‡ì P~ovšÍ KZ…©Z¡, GUv †Kvb fv‡eB m¤ú~Y© inm¨gq bq wKš‘ cÖwZwU ms¯‹…wZi mvaviY †jv‡Ki Øviv Zv

m¤ú~Y©fv‡e †evaMg¨ n‡Z cv‡i|Ó

(2) ÔKierkegaardÕ, Bernard Ramm, cÖwZwôZ Protestant Biblical Interpretation, (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1970), p. 75:

ÔKierkegaardÕ Abymv‡i evB‡e‡ji e¨vKiYMZ, kãMZ I HwnZvwmK Aa¨qb cÖ‡qvRb wQj wKš‘ cÖv_wgKfv‡e wQj

evB‡e‡ji mwZ¨Kvi cv‡Vi Rb¨| ÒCk¦‡ii evK¨ wnmv‡e evB‡ej cvV, †jv‡Kiv Aek¨B G‡K gy‡L cvV Ki‡e AšÍi w`‡q, wbtk‡ã,

mvMÖ‡n cÖZ¨vkvq, Ck¦‡ii m‡½ K_v ej‡Z| wPšÍv-fvebv Qvov ev D`vmxbfv‡e ev hZœnxb fv‡e ev gvbwmK fv‡e ev †ckvMZfv‡e

evB‡ej cvV Ck¦i evK¨ wnmv‡e evB‡ej cvV bq| †hgb ‡KD GKRb GwU cvV K‡i †hfv‡e fvjevmvi cÎ c‡o †mfv‡e,

Ab¨w`‡K Avi GKRb cvV K‡i GwU Ck¦‡ii evK¨ wnmv‡e|Ó

(3) H. H. Rowley in The Relevance of the Bible, p. 19: ÒevB‡ej ‡KejgvÎ †gavMZ †evaMg¨Zv bq, hwÌ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c, mK‡j Gi m¤ú‡ì AwaKvix n‡Z cv‡i| GwU GB ai‡Yi

†evaMg¨Zv‡K †nq Ávb K‡i bv, KviY GwU Avek¨K Gi m¤ú~Y© †evaMg¨Zv| wKš‘ GwU Aek¨B cwiPvwjZ Ki‡e GB cy Í‡Ki

AvwZ¥K m¤ú‡ì AvwZ¥K †evaMg¨Zvi w`‡K hw` GwU m¤ú~Y© Kiv nq| GB Kvi‡Y †gavMZ `ÿZvi cÖ‡qvR‡bi †P‡qI AvwZ¥K

†evaMg¨Zv AviI †ekx ìKvix| AvwZ¥K welq AvwZ¥K wePÿYvq †`L‡Z n‡e, Ges evB‡e‡ji wkÿv_x©i ìKvi AvwZ¥K fv‡e

MÖn‡Yi g‡bvfve, Ck¦i‡K cvevi GK A`g¨ AvMÖn hv Zv‡K Zuvi Kv‡Q mgc©Y Ki‡Z cv‡i, hw` †m Zvi êÁvwbK Aa¨qb‡K ev`

w`‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i mg Í cy Í‡Ki me‡P‡q gnvb D”PZi DËivwaKv‡ii w`‡K|Ó

GB Aa¨qb wb‡ ©kK e¨vL¨v cy ÍK cwiKwíZ n‡q‡Q Avcbvi Abyev‡ì Kvh©avivi mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cieZx©‡Z D‡jøwLZ K‡qKwU Dcv‡q:

1. cÖwZwU cy Í‡Ki GKwU mswÿß HwZnvwmK iƒc‡iLv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cvV Pµ#3 †kl Kivi c‡i Avcbvi Z_¨¸wj cixÿv Ki‡eb|

2. cÖm½K…Z AšÍ© „wó cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi ïiæ‡Z cv‡eb| GwU Avcbv‡K †`L‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e †h wKfv‡e mvwn‡Zï GKK web¨ Í Kiv n‡q‡Q|

3. c¨vivMÖvd wefvM Ges †m¸wji eY©bvgyjK wk‡ivbvg K‡qKwU AvaywbK Abyev` †_‡K †Ìqv n‡q‡Q:

K. The United Bible Society Greek text, fourth edition revised(UBS4) L. The New American Standard Bible, 1995 Update (NASB) M. The New King James Version (NKJV) N. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) O. Today’s English Version (TEV) P. The Jerusalem Bible (NJB) c¨vivMÖvd wefvM AbycÖvwYZ bq| †m¸wj Aek¨B wbY©q Kiv n‡q‡Q ‡jLbxi cÖm½ †_‡K| wfbœ wfbœ Abyev` ZË¡ I ag©ZvwË¡K `„wó‡Kv‡Yi

K‡qKwU AvaywbK Abyev‡ì m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i, Avgiv mÿg n‡qwQ g~j †jL‡Ki wPšÍvi AvbygvwbK KvVv‡gv we‡kølY Ki‡Z|

cÖwZwU c¨vivMÖv‡d GKwU eo mZ¨ i‡q‡Q| G‡K ejv nq Òwelq evK¨Ó(the topic sentence) ev Ô‡jLbxi g~j wPšÍv|Ó GB hy³ wPšÍv nj

PvweKvwV mwVK HwZnvwmK, e¨vKiYMZ Abyev‡ì| Kv‡iviB Abyev`, cÖPvi ev wkÿv †Ìqv DwPZ bq †Kvb GKwU c¨vivMÖv‡di Qvov! AviI

g‡b ivLv ìKvi †h cÖwZwU c¨vivMÖvd Zvi Pvicv‡ki c¨vivMÖvd Øviv †ewóZ| †mRb¨ mgMÖ cy Í‡Ki c¨vivMÖvd Í‡ii iƒc‡iLv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

Avgv‡ì Aek¨B mÿg n‡Z n‡e wel‡qi hyw³MZ cÖev‡ni w`K Abymib Kiv †hwU AbycÖvwYZ gyj †jLK ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|

4. †bvU verse-by-verse cÖwµqv Abyev‡` AbymiY K‡i‡Q| GwU Avgv‡ì eva¨ K‡i‡Q gyj †jL‡Ki wPšÍv Abymib Ki‡Z| GB †bvU Avgv‡ì

K‡qKwU ‡ÿ‡Îi Z_¨ mieivn K‡i‡Q:

K. mvwnZï cÖm½

L. HwZnvwmK, mvs¯‹…wZK AšÍ© „wó

M. e¨vKiYMZ Z_¨

N. kã Aa¨qb

O. mgZvc~Y© mgvšÍivj c¨v‡mR

5. e¨vL¨vi GKwU wbw ©ó c‡q‡›U, New American Standard Version-Gi †jLbx nvjbM` hy³ Kiv n‡e AvaywbK K‡qKwU Abyev‡ì

ms¯‹iY Øviv:

K. The New King James Version (NKJV), GwU ÔTextus ReceptusÕ †jLbxMZ cvÛzwjwcwU AbymiY K‡i‡Q|

L. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), GwU National Council of Churches of the Revised Standard Version Gi word-for-word ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹iY|

M. The Today’s English Version (TEV), GwU American Bible Society Gi MwZkxj mgZvc~Y© Abyev`|

N. The Jerusalem Bible (JB), GwU GKwU Bswjk Abyev` hvi wfwË nj French Catholic MwZkxj mgZvc~Y© Abyev`|

6. Zv‡ì Rb¨ hviv MÖxK fvjfv‡e co‡Z cv‡ib bv, Zzjbvg~jK Bswjk Abyev` mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i †jLbxi mgm¨vmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z:

9

K. cvÛzwjwci cv_©K¨

L. weKí kãv_©

M. e¨vKiYMZ mgm¨veûj †jLbx I KvVv‡gv

N. Øv_©e¨vÄK †jLbx

hwÌ Bswjk Abyev` GB me mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Z‡e Zviv G‡K AviI Mfxi I e¨vcK Aa¨q‡bi welq e ‘‡Z cwiYZ K‡i|

7. cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi †k‡l m½wZc~Y© Av‡jvPbvi cÖkœvejx †Ìqv n‡q‡Q †h¸wj jÿ¨ Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Q H Aa¨v‡qi eo Abyev`K…Z wel‡qi w`‡K|

Aa¨qb wb‡ ©kK e¨vL¨v cy ÍK GLb cÖvc¨:

Vol. 0 ÒAvcwb evB‡ej eyS‡Z cvi‡ebÓ †mwgbvi Vol. 1 cÖ_g Lªxwóq cvV¨ cy ÍK: gw_ Vol. 2 gvK© wjwLZ mymgvPvi: gvK© Ges 1 Ges 2 wcZi Vol. 3A HwZnvwmK j~K: j~K wjwLZ mymgvPvi (2003 mb †_‡K cÖvc¨) Vol. 3B HwZnvwmK j~K: ‡cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© weeiY (2003 mb †_‡K cÖvc¨) Vol. 4 wcÖq wk‡lï ¯§„wZK_v I cÎmg~n: †hvnb wjwLZ mymgvPvi, 1,2 Ges 3 †hvnb Vol. 5 †cŠ‡ji †jLv mymgvPvi: †ivgxq Vol. 6 mgm¨vMÖ ’ gÛjxi cÖwZ †cŠ‡ji cÎ¸wj: 1 I 2 Kwiš’xq (2002 mb †_‡K cÖvc¨) Vol. 7 †cŠ‡ji cÖ_g cÎ: MvjvZxq, 1 I 2 w_ljbxKxq Vol. 8 †cŠ‡ji KvivMv‡ii cÎ: Kjmxq, Bwdlxq, wdwjgb Ges wdwjcxq Vol. 9 †cŠ‡ji PZz_© cÖPvi hvÎv: 1 Zxgw_q, ZxZ, Ges 2 Zxgw_q Vol. 10 b~Zb wbqg ev Pzw³i m‡e©vrK…óZv: Beªxq Vol. 11 hxïi mr fvB‡ì e³e¨: hv‡Kve Ges whn~`v Vol. 12 KwVb mg‡q AvkvÑP~ovšÍ c`©v : cÖKvwkZ evK¨ Vol. 1AOT wKfv‡e GB mK‡ji Avi¤¢ n‡q‡Q: Avw`cy ÍK 1-11

10

cÖviw¤¢K e³…Zv

(OPENING LECTURE)

I. mvaviY fv‡e eëüZ Uv‡g©i msÁv

K. Ck¦‡ii bvg¸wj

1. El

2. Elohim

3. YHWH

4. Adon

5. El Shaddai

L. †jLbx Ges Abyev`¸wji bvg:

1. Masoretic Text (MT)

2. Septuagint (LXX)

3. Vulgate

4. Midrash

K. Halakah – †Zviv-Gi Dc‡i e¨vL¨v

L. Haggada – mgMÖ cyivZb wbq‡gi Mí I `„óvšÍmg~n

5. Talmud K. Mishnah – cÖvPxb cÖL¨vZ ivweŸ‡ì †Zviv-i Dc‡i †gŠwLK HwZn¨

L. Gemara – cieZx©Kv‡ji ivweŸ‡ì Mishnah Gi Dc‡i e¨vL¨v

6. Targums

7. Dead Sea Scrolls

II. ‡Kb cyivZb wbqg Aa¨qb

K. GUvB wQj hxï Ges †cÖwiZ‡ì Kv‡Q GKgvÎ kv ¿| Zviv cÖvqB GUv †_‡K D×…wZ w`‡Zb|

L. GUv Ck¦‡ii AvZ¥ cÖKvk| GwU AbycÖvwYZ| 1. gw_ 5:17 c` †_‡K K‡qKwU c` 5. 1 wcZi 1:23-25

2. 2 Zxgw_q 3:15-17 6. 2 wcZi 1:20-21

3. 1 Kwi 2:9-13 7. 2 wcZi 3:15-16

4. 1 w_l 2:13

M. GUv Avgv‡ì Rb¨ wjwLZ n‡q‡Q|

1. †ivgxq 4:23-25; 15:4

2. 1 Kwi 9:9-10; 10:6,11

11

N. wKfv‡e Lªxwóqvb‡ì Gi cÖwZ mvov cÖ vb Kiv DwPr?

1. K‡qKwU HwZnvwmK cÖ Ívebv

2. G‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e iÿv Kiv

3. G‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Ae‡njv Kiv

4. cÖZ¨v‡`k wnmv‡e GK kÖ×v Kiv wKš‘ evaëvaKZv bq

5. GUv cwiÎv‡Yi †Kvb Dcvq bq

K. †ivgxq 4

L. †cÖwiZ 15; MvjvZxq 3

6. Beªxq

7. GUv nj gvby‡li Kv‡Q Ck¦‡ii cÖKvk| Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b Gi GKwU D‡Ïk¨ i‡q‡Q| GwU b~Zb wbq‡gi wfwË MVb K‡i‡Q

(cwic~Y©Zvi Rb¨ cÖwZÁvmg~n|)

III. wKfv‡e Avgiv cyivZb wbqg (evB‡ej) Aa¨qb Ki‡ev? wKQz †gŠwjK e¨vL¨vKvix bxwZgvjv:

K. evB‡ej †jLv n‡q‡Q mvaviY gvbweK fvlvq:

1. Ck¦i mZ¨ †Mvcb K‡ib bvB|

2. Ck¦i wb‡R‡K Avgv‡ì †evaMg¨Zvi mÿgZvi Dc‡hvwM K‡i‡Qb|

L. mwVK e¨vL¨vi GKgvÎ Pvwe nj g~j AbycÖvwYZ †jLK‡ì D‡Ïk¨| G‡Z cvIqv hv‡e †jLK‡ì Øviv eëüZ Uvg©mg~‡ni mnR mij A_©

Ges g~j †kÖvZv‡ì †evaMg¨Zv| †mRb¨, mwVK fv‡e †Kvb c¨v‡m‡Ri e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡j cieZx©‡Z D‡jøwLZ welqmg~‡ni Z_¨ msMÖn

Ki‡Z n‡e:

1. HwZnvwmK Ae ’vb;

2. mvwnZï †cÖÿvcU;

3. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ (mvwn‡Zï cÖK…wZ);

4. e¨vKiY (syntax);

5. k‡ãi mgKvjxb A_©;

6. †jL‡Ki †jLbxMZ cwiKíbv|

M. mgMÖ evB‡ej AbycÖvwYZ (2 Zxg 3:16), †mRb¨, evB‡e‡ji me‡P‡q fvj e¨vL¨vKvix nj evB‡ej| Avgiv G‡K ewj Òwek¦v‡mi ¯iƒcÓ

ev mgvšÍivj c¨v‡mR:

1. Avgiv my¯úó c¨v‡mR LuywR;

2. Avgiv Ck¦‡ii m‡e©v”P D‡Ïk¨ LuywR;

3. paradoxical ‡Rvovq Dc ’vwcZ mZ¨ Avgiv LyuwR|

N. wKfv‡e GKRb AvšÍwgwkÖZ ms¯‹…wZ I AbšÍKvjxb mZ¨ †_‡K ms¯‹…wZ Ges ÿY ’vqxZ¡i cv_©K¨ Ki‡e?

1. cyivZb wbq‡gi mZ¨ wK b~Zb wbq‡gi †jLK‡ì Øviv wbwðZ n‡q‡Q?

2. evB‡ej wK Gi mZ¨ Dc ’vcbvq mymvgÄm¨?

3. mZ¨ wK my¯úó ms¯‹…wZK Uvg©mg~n‡K Av”Qv`b K‡i‡Q?

IV. g~j cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï gvbwPÎ †hfv‡e GwU cyivZb wbq‡gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z

K. Rjvavimg~n (cwðg †_‡K c~e©)

1. f~ga¨ mvMi 8. heŸK b`x

(gnv ev D”PZi mgy`ª) 9. AY©b b`x

2. bxj b` 10. Mvjxj mvMi

3. ‡jvwnZ mvMi (wK‡bœi_ n« )

4. AvKvev DcmvMi 11. BD‡d«wUm b`x

5. wgk‡ii b`x (ev † ªvZaviv) 12. UvBwMÖm b`x

6. jeY mvMi (giæ mvMi) 13. cvim¨ DcmvMi (wb¤œZi mgy`ª)

7. R`©b b`x

L. cyivZb wbq‡g Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì Dc‡i †h me †`k cÖfve †d‡jwQj (cwðg †_‡K c~e©)

12

1. †ivg 6. c‡jwóq 11. A‡¤§vb 16. Aïi

2. MÖxm 7. whn~`xqv 12. ˆdwbwKqv (†jevbb) 17. evwej

3. Caphtor (µxwZ) 8. B ªv‡qj 13. wmwiqv 18. cvim¨

4. Kittim (mvBcÖvm) 9. B‡`vg 14. wnwËq (Avbv‡Zvwjqv) 19. gv`xq

5. wgki 10. †gvqve 15. Avie 20. Gjg

M. cÖavb †`k¸wji ivRavbx [wØZxq cixÿv]

1. †ggwdm (wgki) 5. `‡¤§kK (wmwiqv)

2. whiƒkv‡jg (whn~`xqv) 6. wbbex (Aïi)

3. kgwiqv (B ªv‡qj) 7. evwej (evwej)

4. †mvi (ˆdwbwKqv) 8. mymv (cvim¨)

N. Ab¨vb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bMixmg~n [Z…Zxq cixÿv]

1. Di 6. †e_‡jng

2. nviY 7. wn‡eªvY

3. gvwM‡Ïv 8. †ei‡kev

4. wkwLg 9. Afvwim/‡mvqvb/Zvwbm

5. whwi‡nv 10. _xem

O. ce©Zmg~n [Z…Zxq cixÿv]

1. AiviU 5. Kwg©j

2. n‡g©vY 6. b‡ev/wcmMv

3. Zv‡evi 7. wm‡qvb/‡gvwiqv (whiƒkv‡jg)

4. Gej ev Mwilxg (wkwLg) 8. wmbvB/†nv‡ie

V. cyivZb wbq‡gi g~j mgq †iLv

K. ZvwiLnxb NUbvmg~n (Avw` 1-11)

1. m„wó 3. Rj cøveY

2. cZb 4. evwe‡ji `~M©

L. `kwU ZvwiL Ges NUbvmg~n:

1. Avw` wcZv‡ì mgqKvj (Avw` 12-50 Ges B‡qve) Ñ 2000 Lªxó c~e©

2. hvÎv (hvÎvcy ÍK) Ñ 1445/1290 Lªxó c~e©

3. weRq jvf (wh‡nvk~q) Ñ 1400/1250 Lªxó c~e©

4. HKë× ivRZš¿ (†kŠj, `vq~`, k‡jvgb) Ñ 1000 Lªxó c~e©

5. wef³ ivRZš¿ (inweqvg-hviweqvg)Ñ922 Lªxó c~e©

6. kgwiqvi cZb (B ªv‡qj)Ñ722 Lªxó c~e©

7. whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZb (whn~`xqv) Ñ586 Lªxó c~e©

8. †Kvi‡mi ivRvÁv (cim¨)Ñ 538 Lªxó c~e©

9. wØZxq gw›ìÑ 516 Lªxó c~e©

10. cyivZb wbqg mgvß (gvjvwL)Ñ430 Lªxó c~e©

M. Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì cÖavb kµz:

1. wgki 6. evwej

2. Kbvb 7. cvim¨

3. c‡jwóq 8. MÖxm

4. wmwiqv 9. †ivg

5. Aïi

N. mgq †iLvq ivRMY:

1. HKë× ivRZš¿

K. †kŠj

13

L. `vq~`

M. k‡jvgb

2. B ªv‡qj

K. cÖ_g hviweqvg

L. Avnve

M. wØZxq hviweqvg

N. †nv‡kqv

3. whn~`xqv

K. inweqvg P. wh‡nvqvm (3 gvm)

L. Dwlq Q. wh‡nvqvKxg

M. wnw®‹q R. wh‡nvqvLxb (3 gvm)

N. gbwk S. wmw`wKq

O. ‡hvwkq T. M`wjq (ci‡mï kvmbKZ©v)

4. cim¨

K. 2q †Kvim (550-530 Lªxó c~e©©)

L. K¨vg‡ewmm (530-522 Lªxó c~e©©)

M. 1g `vwiqvm (522-486 Lªxó c~e©©)

N. 1g Rvw·m (486-465 Lªxó c~e©©)

O. 1g AZ©ÿ Í (435-424 Lªxó c~e©©)

5. whn~`xqv I B ªv‡q‡ji ivRv‡ì m¤ú~Y© ZvwjKv †`Lyb †mB mv‡_ 1 I 2 ivRvejxi †k‡l Aïi, evwej, cvim¨ Ges MÖx‡mi

ivRM‡Yi|

14

15

16

17

18

19

Avw` cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS)

I. eB‡qi bvg

K. wneªæ‡Z (MT) GwU nj eB‡qi cÖ_g kã, Bereshith, ÒAvw`‡ZÓ ev ÒAvi‡¤¢i c‡_|Ó

L. †mÞzqvwR‡›Ui Abyev` †_‡K GwU nj ÒAvw` cy ÍKÓ hvi A_© ÒAvi¤¢Ó ev ÒDrcwËÓ †hwU †bIqv n‡q‡Q 2:4

K

c` †_‡K| GwU n‡Z cv‡i

†jL‡Ki g~j Òiƒc‡iLvi kã¸”QÓ ev cÖKvk‡Ki Qvc wfbœ wfbœ ag©ZvwË¡K RxebPwiZ GK‡Î ms‡hv‡Mi †hfv‡e evwewjq KxjKvKvi

†jL‡Kiv K‡i‡Qb| g~j iƒc‡iLvi kã¸”Q mvg‡bi w`‡K bq eis wcQ‡bi w`‡K †`‡L|

II. K¨vbb Kiv ev gÛjxi KZ…©cÿ Øviv ¯xK…Z

K. wneªæ K¨vb‡bi cÖ_g wefv‡Mi GB Ask‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Ò‡ZvivÓ ev Òwkÿv¸wjÓ ev Òeë ’v|Ó

L. †mÞzqvwR‡›Ui GB Ask cwiwPZ †c›UvUzK (cuvPwU ¸Uv‡bv cy ÍK) wnmv‡e|

M. G‡K KLbI KLbI BsivwR‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q Ò‡gvwki cÂ cy ÍK|Ó

N. Avw` cy ÍKÑwØwZq weeiY nj †gvwki GKwU Awew”Qbœ weeiY hvi welq m„wó †_‡K †gvwki Rxeb|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ Ñ Avw` cy ÍK g~jZ ag©ZvwË¡K, HwZnvwmK eY©bv wKš‘ G‡Z AviI AšÍ©f~³ n‡q‡Q Ab¨ ai‡Yi mvwnZ¨ ixwZ:

K. KweZv, D`vniY, 2:23; 4:23 (m¤¢eZ 1-2)

L. fveevYx, D`vniY, 3:15; 49:1 †_‡K K‡qKwU c` (GQvovI Kveägx©)

IV. cy¯Í‡Ki iPwqZv

K. evB‡ej †Kvb †jL‡Ki bvg K‡iwb| Avw` cy Í‡K Blªv, bwnwg‡qi gZ †Kvb ÒAvwgÓ Ask †bB ev †cÖwiZ cy Í‡Ki gZ ÒAvgivÓ Ask

†bB|

L. whn~`x HwZn¨: 1. cÖvPxb whn~`x †jL‡Kiv e‡j‡Qb †gvwk GwU wj‡L‡Qb:

K. Ben Sirah ÒDc‡`kKÓ 24:23, wjwLZ n‡q‡Q cÖvq 185 Lªxó c~‡e© L. Baba Bathra 14

L

, Talmud Gi GKwU Ask M. Av‡jKRvw› ªqvi Philo, wgki, GKRb whn~`x `vk©wbK, wj‡L‡Qb hxïi cwiPh© vi Aí wKQzw`b Av‡M N. Flavius Josephus, GKRb whn~`x HwZnvwmK, wj‡L‡Qb hxïi cwiPh© vi Aí wKQzw`b c‡i

2. †Zviv nj GKwU HKë× HwZnvwmK weeiY, Avw` cy Í‡Ki c‡i cÖwZwU eB ïiæ n‡q‡Q ÒGesÓ conjunction w`‡q (e¨wZµg

MYbv cy ÍK)| 3. GwU wQj †gvwki Kv‡Q cÖZ¨v‡`k

K. ejv n‡q _v‡K †h †gvwk wj‡L‡Qb: (1) hvÎv cy ÍK 17:14 (2) hvÎv cy ÍK 24:4,7 (3) hvÎv cy ÍK 34:27, 28 (4) MYbv cy ÍK 33:2 (5) wØZxq weeiY 31:9,22, 24-26

L. ejv n‡q _v‡K †h Ck¦i †gvwki gva¨‡g e‡j‡Qb: (1) wØZxq weeiY 5:4-5,22 (2) wØZxq weeiY 6:1

20

(3) wØZxq weeiY 10:1 M. ejv n‡q _v‡K †h †gvwk †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q †Zvivi K_v¸wj e‡j‡Qb:

(1) wØZxq weeiY 1:1,3 (2) wØZxq weeiY 5:1 (3) wØZxq weeiY 27:1 (4) wØZxq weeiY 29:2 (5) wØZxq weeiY 31:1,30 (6) wØZxq weeiY 32:44 (7) wØZxq weeiY 33:1

4. cyivZb wbq‡gi †jL‡Kiv G¸wj †gvwki Dc‡i Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb: K. wh‡nvk~q 8:31 L. 2 ivRvejx 14:6 M. Blªv 6:18 N. bwnwgq 8:1; 13:1-2 O. 2 eskvejx 25:4; 34:12; 35:12 P. `vwb‡qj 9:11 Q. gvjvwL 4:4

M. Lªxwóq HwZn¨

1. hxïi †Zviv †_‡K D×…wZ mg~n †gvwki Dc‡i Av‡ivwcZ n‡q‡Q:

K. gw_ 8:4; 19:8

L. gvK© 1:44; 7:10; 10:5; 12:26

M. j~K 5:14; 16:31; 20:37; 24:27, 44

N. †hvnb 5:46-47; 7:19, 23

2. Ab¨vb¨ b~Zb wbq‡gi †jL‡KivI D×…wZ mg~n †gvwki Dc‡i Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb:

K. jyK 2:22

L. †cÖwiZ 3:22; 13:39; 15:1, 15-21; 26:22; 28:23

M. †ivgxq 10:5, 19

N. 1 Kwiš’xq 9:9

O. 2 Kwiš’xq 3:15

P. Beªxq 10:28

Q. cÖKvwkZ evK¨ 15:3

3. AwaKvsk cÖvPxb gÐjxi Avw`wcZviv †gvwki †jLKZ¡ †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb| Ireneaus, A‡jKRvw›`ªqvi Clement, Origen Ges

Tertullian, G‡ì mK‡jiB cÖkœ wQj eZ©gv‡bi Avw` cy Í‡Ki canonical iƒ‡ci mv‡_ †gvwki m¤úK© m¤‡Ü|

N. AvaywbK M‡elYv

1. my¯úó fv‡e †Zvivq wKQz m¤úv`wKq m¤úv`bv Av‡Q (evwn¨K fv‡e cÖvPxb †jLbx‡K mgKvjxb cvVK‡ì Kv‡Q AviI †evaMg¨

Kivi):

K. Avw` cy ÍK 12:6; 13:7; 14:14; 21:34; 32:32; 36:31; 47:11

L. hvÎv cy ÍK 11:3; 16:36

M. MYbv cy ÍK 12:3; 13:22; 15:22-23; 21:14-15; 32:33 c` †_‡K K‡qKwU c`

N. wØZxq weeiY 3:14; 34:6

O. cÖvPxb AbywjwcKvi‡Kiv wQ‡jb D”P cÖwkwÿZ Ges wkwÿZ| †`k †_‡K †`‡k Zv‡ì †KŠkj wfbœ wfbœ n‡q‡Q:

(1) †gv‡mvc‡Uwgqv Zviv †Kvb wKQz cwieZ©b Ki‡Z AZ¨šÍ mZK© wQ‡jb, GgbwK Zviv Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri AåvšÍZvi cixÿv

Ki‡Zb| GLv‡b cÖvPxb my‡gwiq AbywjwcKviK‡ì GKwU cv`wUKv, (ÒKvRwU ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ m¤úbœ,

AbywjwcKiY, ms‡kvwaZ, Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges ¯vÿ‡ii h_v_©Zv Kiv n‡q‡Q ¯vÿi ØvivÓ cÖvq 1400 Lªxó c~e© †_‡K)

(2) wgk‡i Zviv ¯vaxb fv‡e cÖvPxb †jLbx ms‡kvwaZ K‡i nvjbvMv` Ki‡Zb mgKvjxb cvVK‡ì Rb¨| Kzgiv‡bi

AbywjwcKvi‡Kiv GB c×wZ AbymiY K‡i‡Qb|

2. 19 kZ‡Ki cwÛ‡Ziv ZË¡ D™¢veb K‡i‡Qb †h †Zviv nj weivU GKwU mgqKv‡j A‡bK Drm †_‡K cvIqv GKwU †hŠwMK †jLbx

(Graft-Wellhausen)| Gi wfwË wQj:

K. Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ bvg,

L. †jLbx‡Z „k¨gvb m‡›`n,

M. weei‡Yi MVb,

21

N. weei‡Yi ag©ZË¡|

3. AbywgZ Drm Ges ZvwiL:

K. J Drm (YHWH Gi eënvi) Ñ 950 Lªxó c~e©

L. E Drm (Elohim Gi eënvi) Ñ 850 Lªxó c~e©

M. JE mgwšZÑ 750 Lªxó c~e©

N. D Drm (Òeë ’vi eB,Ó 2 ivRvejx 22:8, †hvwl‡qi ms¯‹v‡ii mg‡q Avwe¯‹…Z hLb gw›`‡ii cybM©Vb nw”Qj a‡i †bIqv

n‡q‡Q †h eBwU wØZxq weeiY, †hvwl‡qi mg‡qi GKRb AÁvZ cy‡ivwnZ Øviv wjwLZ Zvi ms¯‹vi‡K mg_©b Ki‡Z|)Ñ 621

Lªxó c~e©

O. P Drm (mKj hvRKxq Dcv`vb we‡kl K‡i ag©vbyôvb Ges c×wZ)Ñ 400 Lªxó c~e©

P. †Zvivq my¯úó m¤úv`wKq m¤úv`bv Av‡Q| whn~`xiv †Rvi w`‡q ej‡Q †h GUv wQj:

(1) †jLvbxi mg‡q gnvcy‡ivwnZ,

(2) fveev`x whiwgq,

(3) AbywjwcKviK Blªv Ñ e‡j‡Qb wZwb GwU cybivq wj‡L‡Qb KviY Gi g~j (original) †jLbxwU 586 Lªxó c~‡e©

whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZ‡b asm n‡q wM‡q‡Q|

Q. hwÌ, J. E. D. P. ZË¡ Avgv‡ì AvaywbK mvwnZ¨ ZË¡ Ges †kÖYxwefvM m¤‡Ü †Zviv †_‡K cvIqv cÖgv‡Yi †P‡q †ewk wKQz

ej‡Q (R.K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament, pp. 495-541 and Tyndale's Commentaries "Leviticus", pp. 15-25)|

R. wneªæ mvwn‡Zï êwkó¨

(1) GKB welq yBevi, †hgb Avw` 1 Ges 2, wneªæ‡Z mvaviY| mvaviYZ GKwU mvaviY eY©bv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Ges

Zvic‡i GKwU wbw ©ó weeiY AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GUv n‡Z cv‡i mZ¨ D”Pvi‡Yi ev †gŠwLK ¯§„wZPvi‡Yi GKwU

Dcvq|

(2) cÖvPxb ivweŸiv e‡j‡Qb Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ ywU †ewk cÖPwjZ bv‡gi ag©ZvwË¡K Zvrch© i‡q‡Q:

K) YHWH Ñ Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ wbq‡gi bvg †h‡nZz wZwb B ªv‡q‡ji DÏviKZ©v I cwiÎvZv wnmv‡e m¤úwK©Z (MxZ

103)|

L) Elohim Ñm„wóKZ©v, †hvMvb`vZv, Ges c„w_exi Dc‡i mKj Rxe‡bi Aw Í‡Z¡i iÿvKZ©v wnmv‡e Ck¦i (MxZ

204)|

(3) evB‡ej ewnf~©Z wmbKU cÖv‡Pï mvwn‡Z¨ c×wZ I kã eënv‡i wfbœZv Lye cÖPwjZ wQj †hwU †`Lv hvq HKë×

mvwnZ¨ K‡g© (Harrison, pp. 522-526)|

O. cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï mvwn‡Zï cÖgvY Bw½Z ‡`q †h †gvwk Avw` cy ÍK wjL‡Z eënvi K‡i‡Qb wjwLZ KxjKvKvi wPý ev †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi

c×wZ †gŠwLK HwZn¨| Gi A_© †Kvb fv‡eB Bw½Z †`q bv Aby‡cÖiYvi n«vm wKš‘ GwU nj GKwU cÖ‡Póv Avw`cy Í‡Ki mvwnZ¨ welqK

NUbvejxi e¨vL¨vi| Avw` cy Í‡Ki 37 Aa¨v‡qi Avi¤¢ †_‡K wgkwiq c×wZi cÖfve jÿwYq, MVb Ges kã eënvi D‡jøL K‡i †h †gvwk

eënvi K‡i‡Qb nq mvwnZ¨ welqK Drcv`‡b bv nq †gŠwLK HwZn¨ B ªv‡qjxq‡ì wgk‡ii w`b¸wj †_‡K| †gvwki AvbyôvwbK wkÿv

m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wQj wgkwiq! †c›UvUz‡Ki mwVK mvwnZ¨ web¨vm AÁvZ| Avwg wek¦vm Kwi †h †gvwk †c›UvUz‡Ki wekvj As‡ki msKjbKvix

Ges †jLK, hwÌ, wZwb nq‡Zv AbywjwcKvi eënvi K‡i‡Qb Ges/A_ev wjwLZ I †gŠwLK HwZn¨| cyivZb wbq‡gi cÖ_g K‡qKwU

evB‡qi HwZnvwmK mZ¨ Ges wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv wbwðZ|

V. ZvwiL

K. Avw` cy ÍK †h mgqKvj e¨vwc Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q Zvnj wek¦ åþv‡Ûi m„wó †_‡K Aeªvnv‡gi cwievi ch©šÍ| GUv m¤¢e ‡mB mgqKv‡j

evB‡e‡ji evB‡ii mvwnZ¨ †_‡K Aeªvnv‡gi Rxe‡bi ZvwiL Kiv| †gvUvgywU ZvwiL n‡Z cv‡i 2000 Lªxó c~e©, wØZxq Lªxó c~e© mn¯ªvã|

Gi c‡ÿ g~j wfwË nj:

1. wcZv cwiev‡i hvRK wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡Zb (†hgb B‡qve),

2. cï cvjK I cïcvj Abymib K‡i Rxeb wQj hvhve‡ii,

3. GB mg‡q whn~`x (Semitic) †jvK‡ì †`kvšÍi nq|

L. Avw` 1-11 Aa¨v‡qi cÖv_wgK NUbvmg~n nj bZ¨ ÒHwZnvwmKÓ NUbv (m¤¢eZ ÒHwZnvwmK bvUKÓ) wKš‘ eZ©gv‡bi cÖvc¨ mg~‡ni Øviv

mgq wb×©viY Kiv hvq bv|

M. GUv Aek¨B ¯§i‡Y ivL‡Z n‡e hLb Avw` cy ÍK Aa¨qb Kiv n‡e †h HwZnvwmK NUbvejx †gvwki Øviv wjwce× n‡q‡Q whwb Ck¦‡ii

†jvK‡ì wgki †_‡K †ei K‡i wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb nq (1) 1445 Lªxó c~‡e©, 1 ivRvejx 6:1 c‡ì Dc‡i wfwË K‡i; Avi bv nq (2)

22

1290 Lªxó c~‡e©, cÖZœZ‡Ë¡i Dc‡i wfwË K‡i| †mRb¨, nq †gŠwLK HwZn¨, AÁvZ wjwLZ Drm, bv nq mivmwi Hk¦wiK cÖZ¨v‡`k Øviv,

†gvwk wjwce× K‡i‡Qb ÒGB mK‡ji wKfv‡e ïiæ n‡q‡QÓ Ges Ò†Kb|Ó

VI. HwZnvwmK Ae¯’vb mg_©‡bi Rb¨ Drm

K. Ab¨vb¨ evB‡e‡ji eB

1. m„wó Ñ MxZ 8, 19, 50 Ges 104

2. Aeªvnv‡gi mgq Ñ B‡qve

L. ag© ewnf~©Z cÖZœZvwË¡K Drm

1. Avw` cy ÍK 1-11 Aa¨v‡qi ms¯‹…wZMZ Ae ’v‡bi cÖvPxbZg Rvbv mvwnZ¨ mgvšÍivj nj Ebla KxjKKvi djK †hwU cvIqv †M‡Q

wmwiqvi DËivs‡k ZvwiL cÖvq 2500 Lªxó c~e©, Akkadian wjwLZ|

2. m„wó

K. me‡P‡q wbKUZg †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi weeiY Enuma Elish, †hwU m„wó m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q, ZvwiL cÖvq 1900 †_‡K

1700 Lªxó c~e©, †hwU cvIqv †M‡Q bxbexi Aïievwbcv‡ji (Ashurbanipal) MÖš’kvjvq Ges Ab¨vb¨ K‡qKwU ’v‡b|

mvZwU KxjKvKvi djK Akkadian fvlvq wjwLZ †hLv‡b Marduk Øviv m„wói eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

(1) †èZv, Apsu (cwi¯‹vi RjÑcyiæl) Ges Tiamat (jeY RjÑgwnjv) wQj Aeva¨, †Kvjvnjc~Y© mšÍvb| GB yB

†èZv †Póv K‡i‡Q †QvU †èZv‡K wbðzc Ki‡Z|

(2) †èZvi GKRb mšÍvb, Marduk, civwRZ Tiamat †K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| †m (Tiamat) Zvi †`n †_‡K c„w_ex MVb

K‡i‡Q|

(3) Marduk MVb K‡i‡Q gvbyl Avi GKRb civwRZ †èZv Kingu †_‡K, †h wQj Tiamat Gi cyiæl m½x Apsu

Gi g„Zzï c‡i| gvbyl RvwZ G‡m‡Q Kingu Gi i³ †_‡K|

(4) Marduk ‡K evwewjq Aviva¨ †èZv‡ì cÖavb Kiv n‡qwQj|

L. Òm„wó g„`ªv¼Ó nj GKwU KxjKvKvi djK †hwU nj d‡ji Mv‡Qi cv‡k GKRb cyiæl I GKRb gwnjvi bMœ Qwe †hLv‡b

GKwU mvc Mv‡Qi ¸wo Rwo‡q Av‡Q Ges gwnjvwUi Kv‡ai Dc‡i w`‡q gyL †ei K‡i Av‡Q †hb g‡b n‡”Q GwU gwnjvwUi

mv‡_ K_v ej‡Q|

3. m„wó Ges eb¨vÑ "The Atrahasis Epic" wjwce× K‡i‡Q †QvU †èZv‡ì we‡ ªvn AwZwi³ Kv‡Ri Kvi‡Y Ges mvZRb gvbyl

`¤úwZ m„wó GB †QvU †èZv‡ì KZ…©e¨¸wj cvjb Kivi Rb¨| KviY nj : (1) AwZwi³ RbmsL¨v, Ges (2) †Kvjvnj| gnvgvwi

Øviv gvby‡li msL¨v Kgv‡bv, ywU ywf©ÿ Ges P~ovšÍ fv‡e GKwU eb¨v, Enlil Øviv cwiKwíZ| GB cÖavb NUbv¸wj GKB iKg

µgvbymv‡i Avgiv †`wL Avw` cy ÍK 1-8 Aa¨v‡q| GB KxjKvKvi iPbvi ZvwiL cÖvq GKB mgq †hgb Enuma Elish Ges

Gilgamesh Epic, cÖvq 1900Ñ1700 Lªxó c~e©| meB Akkadian G|

4. †bv‡ni eb¨v

K. Nippur †_‡K cvIqv GKwU my‡gwiq djK, hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Eridu Genesis, ZvwiL cÖvq 1600 Lªxó c~e©, Zivsudra

Ges Avmbœ eb¨v m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Q|

(1) Enka, Rj †èZv, Avmbœ eb¨vi mZK©evYx K‡i‡Qb|

(2) Zivsudra, GKRb hvRK-ivRv, GKwU weivU †bŠKvq iÿv cvb|

(3) eb¨v mvZ w`b ’vqx n‡qwQj|

(4) Zivsudra †bŠKvi GKwU Rvbvjv †Lv‡jb Ges ïKbv f~wg †`Lv hv‡”Q wK bv Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ K‡qKwU cvLx †Q‡o

†`b|

(5) GQvovI wZwb GKwU lvo I GKwU †gl DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb hLb wZwb †bŠKv Z¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb|

L. GKwU †hŠwMK evwewjq eb¨vi weeiY PviwU my‡gwiq iƒcK_v †_‡K, cwiwPZ nj Gilgamesh Epic wnmv‡e g~j ZvwiL

2500Ñ2400 Lªxó c~e©, GQvovI wjwLZ †hŠwMK MVb wQj KxjKvKvi Akkadian, hv A‡bK c‡ii| GwU eb¨vq D×vi

cvIqv GKR‡bi wel‡q e‡j‡Q, Utnapishtim, †h Uruk Gi ivRv wMjMv‡gk†K ej‡Q †h wKfv‡e †m gnveb¨v †_‡K

iÿv †c‡q‡Q Ges AbšÍRxeb jvf K‡i‡Q|

(1) Ea, R‡ji †èZv, Avmbœ eb¨vi wel‡q mZK© K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Utnapishtim ‡K (Zivsudra Gi evwewjq MVb)

e‡j‡Qb GKwU †bŠKv wbg©vY Ki‡Z|

(2) Utnapishtim Ges Zvi cwievi, mv‡_ wQj wbe©vwPZ Av‡ivM¨`vqK Jlax MvQ, eb¨v †_‡K iÿv †c‡qwQj|

(3) eb¨v mvZ w`b ’vqx n‡qwQj|

(4) †bŠKvwU DËi c~e© cvi‡mï, Nisir ce©‡Z G‡m †j‡MwQj|

(5) wZwb f~wg ïKbv n‡q‡Q wK bv Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ wZbwU wfbœ wfbœ cvLx †Q‡owQ‡jb|

23

5. †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi mvwnZ¨ †hwU eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q GKwU cÖvPxb eb¨vi K_v †h¸wj meB GKB Drm †_‡K M„wnZ n‡q‡Q| bvg¸wj

cÖvqB wfbœ wfbœ n‡q‡Q wKš‘ M‡íi Kvwnwb GKB| Gi GKwU D`vniY nj †h Zivsudra, Atrahasis Ges Utnapishtim mK‡j

n‡jb GKB gvbweK ivRv|

6. Avw` cy Í‡Ki cÖv_wgK NUbvi HwZnvwmK mgvšÍivj e¨vL¨v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i gvby‡li Ck¦i m¤‡Ü c~e©-wewÿß (Avw` 1-11) Ávb Ges

AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K| GB HwZnvwmK m‡Zï g~j ¯§„wZ cwiKwíZ I †cŠivwYK‡Z¡ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q eZ©gvb eb¨vi weei‡b †hwU

cÖPwjZ mgMÖ wek¦e¨vwc eb¨vq| GB GKB K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i: m„wó (Avw` 1-2) Ges gvbyl Ges `~Z‡ì HK¨ (Avw` 6)|

7. Avw` wcZv‡ì w`b (Middle Bronze)

K. Mari djK Ñ Aby‡gvw`Z KxjKvKvi (Ammonite ms¯‹…wZ) Ges & Akkadian G e¨w³MZ †jLbx cÖvq 1700 Lªxó c~e©|

L. Nuzi djK Ñ Akkadian G wjwLZ wKQz wKQz cwiev‡ii (Horite ev Hurrian ms¯‹…wZ) KxjKvKvi gnv‡dR Lvbv bxbex

†_‡K 100 gvBj `wÿY c~‡e© cÖvq 1500Ñ1300 Lªxó c~e©| ‡m¸wj wjwcwe× cvwievwiK I eëmv c×wZ| Avi wbw ©ó

D`vni‡Yi Rb¨, †`Lyb Walton, pp. 52-58|

M. Alalak djK Ñ KxjKvK…wZ †jLbx DËi wmwiqv †_‡K cvIqv cÖvq 2000 Lªxó c~&©|

N. Avw` cy Í‡K cvIqv wKQz„ wKQy bvg †h bvg¸wj Mari dj‡K ’v‡bi bvg wnmv‡e: Serug, Peleg, Terah, Nahor| Ab¨vb¨

evB‡e‡ji bvg¸wjI cÖPwjZ: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Laban and Joseph|

8. ÒZzjbvg~jK BwZnvm welqK †jLbx Aa¨qb †`wL‡q‡Q †h, Hittites Gi mv‡_, cÖvPxb Beªxqiv A‡bK †ewk wbLyZ, D‡Ïk¨ g~jK

Ges `vwqZ¡evb wbKU cÖv‡Pï BwZnvm wjwce×Kvix,Ó R. K Harrison in Biblical Criticism, p 5|

9. cÖZœZË¡ mvnvh¨Kvix e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q evB‡e‡ji HwZnvwmK mZ¨Zv cÖwZôvq| hwÌ, GKwU mveavb evYx ìKvix| cÖZœZË¡

m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbf©i‡hvM¨ wb‡`©kK bq KviY:

K. cÖv_wgK †LvovLywo‡Z `ye©j †KŠkj,

L. wewfbœ, n Í wbwg©Z e ‘ hv Avwe¯‹…Z n‡q‡Q Zvi welq wfwËK e¨vL¨v wfbœ wfbœ,

M. HK¨gZ bvBÑcÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï mgqvbyµ‡gi wel‡q (hwÌ GKwU weKwkZ n‡q‡Q Mv‡Qi PvKv †_‡K)|

M. wgkwiq m„wó weeiY cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i John H. Walton’s, Ancient Israelite Literature in Its Cultural Context. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1990. Pp. 23-34, 32-34|

1. wgkwiq mvwn‡Z¨ m„wó ïiæ n‡q‡Q GKwU KvVv‡gvnxb, wek„•Lj, Avw`g Rj w`‡q| m„wó‡K †`Lv n‡q‡Q wek„•Lj wekvj Rjvaviv †_‡K

weKwkZ KvVv‡gv wnmv‡e|

2. Memphis Gi wgkwiq mvwn‡Z¨, m„wói KvR n‡qwQj Ptah Gi gy‡Li K_vi Øviv|

N. m„wóZ‡Ë¡i Dc‡i mymgvPvi cÖPviK `‡ji wVKvbv:

1. Institute for Creation Research (Young Earth) P. O. Box 2667 El Cajon, CA 92021-0667

2. Reasons to Believe (Old Earth) P. O. Box 5978 Pasadena, CA 91117

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK (cÖm½)

K. iƒc‡iLv †gvwki ÒeskaiMYÓ (toledoth) kã¸”Q eënv‡ii Dc‡i wfwË K‡i:

1. ¯M© I c„w_exi DrcwË, 1:1-2:3

2. gvby‡li DrcwË, 2:4-4:26

3. Av`‡gi eskaiMY, 5:1-6:8

4. †bv‡ni eskaiMY, 6:9-9:17

5. †bv‡ni cyÎ‡ì eskaiMY, 10:1-11:9

6. †k‡gi eskaiMY, 11:10-26

7. †Zi‡ni (Aeªvnvg) eskaiMY, 11:27-25:11

8. Bk¥v‡q‡ji eskaiMY, 25:12-18

9. Bmnv‡Ki eskaiMY, 25:19-35:29

10. G‡mŠi eskaiMY, 36:1-8

11. G‡mŠi cyÎ‡ì eskaiMY, 36:9-43

12. hv‡Kv‡ei eskaiMY, 37:1-50:26 (#1-11 Aa¨v‡qi i‡q‡Q †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi mvwn‡Zï †cÖÿvcU wKš‘ #12 Aa¨v‡q i‡q‡Q wgkwiq

mvwn‡Zï fveaviv|)

24

L. D‡Ïk¨g~jK iƒc‡iLv:

1. gvby‡li Rb¨ m„wó Ges gvby‡li, 1-2

2. gvbyl Ges m„wói cZb, 3:1-11:26

3. mK‡ji Rb¨ GKRb gvbyl (3:15), 12-50

K. Aeªvnvg (12:1-3), 11:27-23:20

L. BmnvK, 24:1-26:35

M. hv‡Kve, 27:1-36:4

(1) whû`v (gbwki esk ZvwjKvq)

(2) †hv‡ld (ˆØZ f~wgi DËivwaKvix), 37:1-5025

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. wKfv‡e GB me wKQzi ïiæ n‡q‡Q?

1. Ck¦i (1-2)| evB‡e‡ji wek¦ k©b eû Ck¦iev` bq wKš‘ GK Ck¦iev`| GwU ÒwKfv‡eÓ m„wó †mw`‡K jÿ¨ K‡i bv wKš‘ Ò‡K|Ó

evB‡e‡ji mg‡q GwU m¤úyY©iƒ‡c AwØZxq wQj|

2. Ck¦i mnfvwMZv †P‡q‡Qb| m„wó †KejgvÎ Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ gvby‡li mv‡_ mnfvwMZvi GKwU gÂ wQj|

3. Avw` cy Í‡Ki 1-3 Ges 12 Aa¨vq Qvov evB‡e‡ji evKx Ask †evSvi †Kvb m¤¢vebvB †bB|

4. gvby‡l‡K Aek¨B Ck¦‡ii B”Qv m¤‡Ü ‡m hv ey‡S‡Q Zv‡Z mvov cÖ vb Ki‡Z n‡e (Avw` 15:6 Ges †ivgxq 4)|

L. c„w_ex †Kb GZ g›` I Amr? GwU ÒAZ¨šÍ fvjÓ wQj (1:31), wKš‘ gvbyl cvc K‡i‡Q (3)| Gi fqsKi djvdj `„k¨gvb:

1. Kwqb †nej‡K nZ¨v K‡i, (4)

2. †jg‡Ki cÖwZ‡kva (4:23)

3. gvby‡li yóZv, (6:5, 11-12; 8:21)

4. †bv‡ni gvZjvwg (9)

5. evwe‡ji D”PM„n, (11)

6. D‡ii eû Ck¦iev`

M. wKfv‡e Ck¦i G¸wj wbivgq Ki‡eb?

1. gkxn Avm‡eb (3:15)

2. Ck¦i GKRb‡K Avnevb K‡i‡Qb mKj‡K Avnev‡bi Rb¨ (Avw` 12:1-3 Ges hvÎv 19:5-6)

3. Ck¦i cwZZ gvby‡li mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z B”QzK (Av`g, nev, Kwqb, †bvn, Aeªvnvg, whn~`x Ges ciRvwZ) Zuvi AbyMÖ‡ni gva¨‡g:

K. cÖwZÁvmg~n

L. wbqg ev Pzw³ (kZ©nxb Ges kZ©mv‡cÿ)

M. DrmM©

N. Avivabv

IX. Uvg© Ges/A_ev kã¸”Q Ges e¨w³ mswÿß e¨vL¨vq

K. Uvg© Ges kã¸”Q

1. ÒCk¦i ej‡jb..Ó 1:3,6,9,14,20,24 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. ÒAvm Avgiv..Ó 1:26; 3:22; 11:7 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. ÒAvgv‡ì cÖwZgywZ©‡Z..Ó 1:26,27; 5:1,3; 9:6 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. Òm`vcÖfz Ck¦i MgvbvMgb KiwQ‡jbÓ (Ck¦i‡K gvbweK iƒc`vb) 3:8 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. ‡bwdwjg 6:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

6. wbqg ev Pzw³ 6:18; 9:9-17 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. ÒAeªvnvg m`vcÖfz‡Z wek¦vm Ki‡jb; Ges wZwb G‡K Zvi avwg©KZv e‡j MYbv Ki‡jb 15:6 (NIV, ÒAeªvnvg cÖfz‡Z wek¦vm Ki‡jb

Ges wZwb G‡K avwg©KZv e‡j ai‡jbÓ)

8. †cÖgc~Y© `qv (hesed)24:12,27; 32:10 (NIV, Ògnvb~eeZvÓ) 9. M„nw ’Z cÖwZgv (teraphim) 31:19,30,34 (NIV, ÒM„nw ’Z †èZvÓ)

10. fwel¨r NUbvi AšÍ „wó 44:5 (NASB Ges NIV )

25

L. e¨w³ mswÿß fv‡e wPwýZKiY

1. †k_ 4:25 11. nvMvi 16:1

2. B‡bvK, 5:21-24 12. Bk¥v‡qj, 15:15; 25:12-19

3. g_~‡kjn, 5:22,25-27 13. BmnvK, 21:3

4. †kg, 9:18; 10:27-31 14. jveY, 24:29

5. Kbvb, 9:20-27 15. †KUziv 25:1

6. wbg‡iv` 10:8-10 16. hv‡Kve (B ªv‡qj), 25:26; 32:28

7. †Zin, 11:24-32 17. w`bv, 30:21

8. †jvU, 11:31 18. cwUdi, 37:36

9. Aeªvnvg, 12:18 19. Zvgi, 38

10. gwé‡l`K, 14:18 20. gbwk: I Bd«wqg, 41:51,52

X. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb

K. cÖ_g gvbwPÎ Ñ Avw` cy ÍK 1-11 (msL¨v Øviv)

1. G‡`vb evMvb Ñ 2:8 7. bxbex, 10:12

2. UvBMÖm b`x, 2:14 8. wheyl, 10:16

3. BD‡d«wUm b`x, 2:14 9. m‡`vg, 10:19; 13:10

4. AiviU ce©Z, 8:4 10. Kj`xq †`‡ki Di, 11:28

5. wkwbqi, 10:10; 11:2 11. nv‡ivb, 11:31-32

6. evwej, 10:10; 11:9

L. wØZxq gvbwPÎ Avw` cy ÍK 12-50 (msL¨v Øviv) Aa¨v‡qi Rb¨

1. wkwLg, 12:6; 33:18 12. †gvqve, 19:37

2. †e‡_j, 12:8; 13:3; 35:6 13. A‡¤§vb, 19:38

3. †b‡Mf, 12:9; 13:1 14. †ei‡kev, 21:14; 26:33

4. R`©b b`x, 13:10-11 15. c‡jwóq AÂj, 21:32

5. wn‡eªvb, 13:18; 23:2 16. cviY cÖvšÍi, 21:21

6. jeY mgy`ª, 14:3 17. †gvwiqv †`k, 22:2

7. Kv‡`k e‡Y©q, 14:7; 16:14 18. Aivg, 24:10

8. `‡¤§kK, 14:15 19. B‡`vg, 25:30; 36:1; 8-9, 19

9. mv‡jg, 14:18 20. h‡eŸvK b`x, 32:22

10. wgk‡ii b`x, 15:18 21. †e_‡jng, 35:19

11. k~i cÖvšÍi, 16:7 22. †Mvkb cÖ‡`k, 45:10; 46:34

XI. wkÿv_x©‡ì mš‘wói cÖkœvejx

Avw` cy¯ÍK 1-11 Aa¨v‡qi Dc‡i cÖkœvejx

1. evB‡ej wK Ck¦‡ii DrcwË wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q?

2. m„wó m¤‡Ü evB‡ej wK weÁv‡bi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K?

3. wKfv‡e Avw` cy ÍK 1 Aa¨vq Ab¨vb¨ wbKU cÖv‡Pï m„wói weei‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

4. e¨vL¨v Kiæb Uvg© fiat Ges ex nihilo|

5. 1 Ges 2 Aa¨v‡q Ck¦‡ii ywU wfbœ wfbœ bvg †Kb?

6. gvbyl m„wói wK `ywU wfbœ wfbœ weeiY i‡q‡Q?

7. Gi A_© wK †h cyiæl Ges ¿x‡jvK Ck¦‡ii cÖwZgywZ©‡Z m„ó?

8. GK Ck¦‡i m¤ú‡K© †Kb eûePb eëüZ n‡q‡Q? 1:26, 27; 3:22; 11:7

9. evB‡e‡ji evKx Ask eyS‡Z †Kb 3 Aa¨vq GZUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?

10. K_v ejv RxeRš‘ (3:1) wK cÖgvY K‡i ‡h GB weeiY nj †cŠivwYK?

11. †Kb 3:15 c` GZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?

12. wKfv‡e 3:16 c` AvaywbK Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨?

13. G‡`vb evMv‡b wK `ywU ev GKwU we‡kl MvQ wQj?

26

14. Kwq‡bi esk †_‡K AvMZ mgv‡Ri weKv‡ki ZvwjKv Kiæb, 4:16-24|

15. eb¨vi D‡Ïk¨ wK wQj?

16. gvby‡li evwe‡ji D”PM„n wbg©v‡Yi wK D‡Ïk¨ wQj?

Avw` cy¯ÍK 12-50 Ava¨v‡qi cÖkœgvjv

1. Aeªvnvg I †bv‡ni mv‡_ Kiv wbqg wKfv‡e Avjv`v wQj?

2. wKfv‡e Aeªvnv‡gi mv‡_ Kiv wbqg Awhn~`x‡ì mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

3. 12 Aa¨v‡q Aeªv‡gi ye©jZv I wek¦v‡mi Afv‡ei †Kvb `ywU wPý †`Lv wM‡q‡Q?

4. géx‡l`K †K Ges Aeªvg †Kb Zv‡K `kgvsk w`‡qwQ‡jb?

5. 15:12-21 c` †Kb GZ Zvrch©c~Y©?

6. 18 Aa¨v‡q GB wZbRj †jvK Kviv wQ‡jb? (†Kb Ges †Kv_vq)?

7. Aeªvnvg †Kb mviv‡K we‡q Kivi wel‡q wg_¨v e‡jwQ‡jb? Kvi Kv‡Q wg_¨v e‡jwQ‡jb?

8. wiweKv I hv‡Kve †Kb Bmnv‡Ki mv‡_ PvjvwK K‡iwQ‡jb? (27)

9. hZ`yi m¤¢e gkx‡ni eskaviv †_‡K †Kb iƒ‡eb, †jex I wkwg‡qvb‡K cÖZ¨vLvb Kiv n‡qwQj? (34 I 49)

10. Avcbvi wb‡Ri fvlvq †hv‡l‡di ¯‡cœi eY©bv w`b| (37)

11. †hv‡ld †Kb Zvi fvB‡ì bv †Pbvi fvb K‡iwQ‡jb?

12. hv‡Kv‡ei Ab¨vb¨ †Q‡j‡ì gZB ‡Kb †hv‡l‡di cy‡Îiv GKB ieg DËivwaKvi jvf K‡iwQj?

27

28

29

30

31

hvÎv cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS)

I. eB‡qi bvg

K. wneªæ‡Z (MT) GwU nj eB‡qi cÖ_g kã, ÒGes GB K_v¸wj nj (bvg¸wj)|Ó

L. LXX Gi Abyev‡` GwU nj ek ‘odosÒ hvi A_© Ò†ewi‡q hvevi DcvqÓ ev Ò†ewi‡q hvevi c_|Ó

M. †h‡iv‡gi j¨vwUb Vulgate G GwU nj ÒcÖ ’vb|Ó


K. wneªæ K¨vb‡bi cÖ_g wefv‡Mi GB Ask‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Ò‡ZvivÓ ev Òwkÿv¸wjÓ ev Òeë ’v|Ó

L. LXX G GB Ask cwiwPZ †c›UvUzK (cuvPwU ¸Uv‡bv cy ÍK) wnmv‡e|


N. Avw` cy ÍKÑwØZxq weeiY nj †gvwki GKwU Awew”Qbœ HwZnvwmK weeiY hvi welq m„wó †_‡K †gvwki Rxeb|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ Ñ hvÎv cy Í‡K AšÍ©f~³ wZb ai‡Yi mvwnZ¨ ixwZ|

K. HwZnvwmK eY©bvg~jK, hvÎv 1-19; 32-34

L. KweZv, hvÎv 15

M. mgvMg Zv¤^yi wel‡q wbw ©ó eY©bv, hvÎv 25-31, Ges Gi wbg©vY †KŠkj, 35-40


K. †Zviv nj GKwU HKë× weeiY| hvÎv cy ÍK ÒGesÓ conjunction w`‡q ïiæ n‡q‡Q| †`Lyb wek` Av‡jvPbv Avw` cy Í‡Ki iƒc‡iLvq|

L. hvÎv cy Í‡K †ek K‡qwU RvqMv i‡q‡Q ‡hLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q †h †gvwk wj‡L‡Qb: 1. 17:14; 2. 24:4,12; 3. 34:27,28

M. wh‡nvk~q 8:31 c` hvÎv 20:25 c` D×…Z K‡i‡Q Ges GwU Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q †gvwki Dc‡i| hxï hvÎv 20:12,17 c` D×…Z K‡i‡Qb Ges

GwU †gvwki Dc‡i Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb, gvK© 7:10|

V. hvÎv cy Í‡Ki ZvwiL

K. hvÎv cy Í‡Ki ZvwiL wb‡q cwÛZ‡ì ywU ywU gZvgZ i‡q‡Q:

1. 1 ivRv 6:1 c` †_‡K, †hLv‡b ej‡Q, Òwgki †_‡K †ei n‡q Avmvi 480 eQi c‡i k‡jvg‡bi gw›ì wbg©vbKv‡jÓ:

K. k‡jvgb 970 Lªxó c~‡e© ivRZ¡ Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡ib| GwU wbiƒcb Kiv n‡q‡Q KK©‡ii hy× (853 Lªxó c~e©) eënvi K‡i wbwðZ

Avi‡¤¢i ZvwiL wnmv‡e|

L. k‡jvg‡bi ivR‡Z¡i 4_© erm‡i gw›ì wbg©vY n‡qwQj (965 Lªxó c~e©), Avi wgki †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmvi NUbv N‡UwQj cÖvq

1445/6 Lªxó c~‡e©|

2. GB NUbv NU‡Z cv‡i 18Zg wgkixq ivR‡Z¡|

K. hvÎv cy Í‡Ki d‡iŠY n‡Z cv‡ib Thutmose III (1490-1436 Lªxó c~e©)|

L. hvÎv cy Í‡Ki d‡iŠY n‡Z cv‡ib Amenhotep II (1436-1407 Lªxó c~e©)|

32

(1) A‡b‡K wek¦vm K‡ib whwi‡nvi NUbvi wfwË GB m‡Zï Dc‡i †h Amenhotep III (1413-1377 Lªxó c~e©) Gi kvmb

Kv‡j wgki Ges whwi‡nvi g‡a¨ †Kvb iKg K~U‰bwZK cÎ wewbgq msNwUZ nqwb|

(2) Amarna †jLbx wjwce× K‡i‡Q ostraca G wjwLZ K~U‰bwZK cÎ wewbgq n‡q‡Q Amenhotep III Gi ivRZ¡Kv‡j

Habiru-‡ì Kbvb †`k weRq m¤‡Ü| †mRb¨, hvÎv N‡U‡Q Amenhotep II Gi ivRZ¡Kv‡j|

(3) wePvKZ…©KM‡Yi mgqKvj Lye `xN© wQj bv hw` hÎvi ZvwiL nq 13 kZK|

3. GB ZvwiL¸wj m¤ú‡K© mv¤¢ve¨ mgm¨v¸wj:

K. †mÞzqvwR›U-G (LXX) Av‡Q 440 eQi 480 bq|

L. GUv m¤¢e †h 480 eQi 40 eQi K‡i 12wU es‡ki cÖwZwUi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Q, †mRb¨, GwU GKwU iƒcK msL¨v|

M. Giv nj nvib †_‡K k‡jvgb ch©šÍ hvRKxq 12wU esk (1 esk 6), Zvic‡i 12 k‡jvgb †_‡K wØZxq gw›ì| whn~`xiv,

MÖxK‡ì gZB, 40 eQi wnmv‡e esk MYbv Ki‡Zv| ZvB, Kg †ewk 480 eQi mgqKvj wQj (msL¨vi cÖwZwK eënvi)

(Bimson’s Redating the Exodus and Conquest)|

4. AviI wZbwU †jLbx i‡q‡Q hv ZvwiL D‡jøL K‡i‡Q:

K. Avw` cy ÍK 15:13, 16 (†cÖwiZ 7:6), 400 eQ‡ii ew›`Z¡;

L. hvÎv cy ÍK 12:40-41 (Mvjv 3:17)

(1) MT Ñ 430 eQi wgk‡i cÖevmKvj

(2) LXX Ñ 215 eQi wgk‡i cÖevmKvj

M. wePviKZ„©KMY 11:26 Ñ 300 eQi whß‡ni mgq Ges weRq jvf (1445 ZvwiL mg_©b K‡i)

N. †cÖwiZ 13:19, hvÎv, ågY Ges weRq jvf Ñ 450 eQi

5. ivRvejxi †jLK wbw ©ó HwZnvwmK m~Î eënvi K‡i‡Qb Ges a‡i †bIqv msL¨v bq (Edwin Thiele, A Chronology of the Hebrew Kings, pp. 83-85

L. cÖZœZË¡ †_‡K cixÿvg~jK cÖgvY g‡b nq 1290 Lªxó c~e© Zvwi‡Li w`‡K wb‡ ©k Ki‡Q, A_ev 19Zg wgkwiq ivResk|

1. GB GKB mg‡q †hv‡ld Zvi wcZv I d‡iŠ‡Yi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Z mg_© n‡qwQ‡jb| cÖ_g †`wkq d‡iŠY †h wgk‡ii ivRavbx

Thebes †_‡K bxj b‡ì ewØ‡c ’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb, GB RvqMvwU‡K e‡j Avaris/Zoan/Tanis †hwU wQj cyivZb

Hyksos Gi ivRavbx, whwb wQ‡jb Seti I (1309-1290)| wZwb n‡Z cv‡ib Drcxo‡bi d‡iŠY|

K. GwU g‡b nq yB LÛ Z‡_ï mv‡_ Lvc Lvq wgk‡i Hyksos Gi ivRZ¡ m¤ú‡K©|

(1) GKwU †Lv`vB Kiv wjwc djK cvIqv †M‡Q Rameses II Gi mgqKv‡ji †hwU PvikZ eQi Av‡MKvi Avaris Gi

cÖwZôvi ¯§viK (1700 Lªxó c~‡e©i Hyksos Gi Øviv)

(2) Avw` cy ÍK 15:13 c‡ì fveevYx ej‡Q 400 eQ‡ii Drcxo‡bi

L. GwU Bw½Z †`q †h †hv‡ld ÿgZvq Av‡ivnb K‡iwQ‡jb Hyksos (Semitic) d‡iŠ‡Yi Awa‡b| b~Zb wgkwiq ivRes‡ki

D‡jøL hvÎv 1:8 c‡`|

2. Hyksos, wgkwiq k‡ãi A_© Òwe‡`wk †`‡ki kvmK,Ó hviv wQj wgkwiq bq Ggb GK`j Semitic kvmK, wgki wbqš¿Y Ki‡Zb

15Zg Ges 16Zg ivRes‡ki mgq (1720-1570 Lªxó c~e©)| †KD †KD Zv‡ì †hv‡l‡di ÿgZvq Av‡ivn‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z

Ki‡Z Pvb| hw` Avgiv hvÎv 12:40 c‡ì 430 eQi ev` †`B 1720 Lªxó c~e© †_‡K, Z‡e Avgiv †h ZvwiL cvB Zv cÖvq 1290

Lªxó c~e©|

3. Seti I Gi cyÎ n‡jb (1290-1224)| GB bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Beªxq µxZ`vm‡ì Øviv wbwg©Z GKwU fvÛvi bM‡ii, hvÎv

1:11| GQvovI †Mvk‡bi Kv‡Q GB GKB cÖ‡`‡ki bvg wQj iv‡gwkl, hvÎv 47:11| Avaris/Zoan/Tanis cwiwPZ wQj Ò

iv‡gwk‡li M„nÓ wnmv‡e 1300-1100 Lªxó c~e© †_‡K|

4. Thutmoses III cwiwPZ wQ‡jb GKRb gnvb wbg©vZv wnmv‡e, †hgb wQ‡jb Rameses II|

5. Rameses II Gi wQj 47 Kb¨v hviv wfbœ wfbœ ivR cÖvmv‡` evm Ki‡Zv|

6. cÖZœZË¡ †`wL‡q‡Q †h Kbv‡bi †ewki fvM †Ìqvj †Niv bMix (Hazor, Debir, Lachish) asm n‡qwQj Ges Lye `ªæZZvi mv‡_

cybwbwg©Z n‡qwQj 1250 Lªxó c~‡e©i w`‡K| Gfv‡e 38 eQi cÖvšÍ‡i ågYiZ mgqKvj Lvc Lvq 1290 Lªxó c~‡e©i Zvwi‡Li mv‡_|

7. cÖZœZË¡ Rameses DËim~ix Merneptah (1224-1214 Lªxó c~e© [Merneptah Gi djK jxwc, ZvwiL 1220 Lªxó c~e© ])Gi

¯§iYv_©K GKwU djK jxwc ‡_‡K GKwU m~Î †c‡q‡Q ‡h B ªv‡qjxiv `wÿY Kbv‡b wQj|

8. B‡`vg Ges †gvqve g‡b nq „p RvwZq cwiwPwZ jvf K‡iwQj Lªxó c~e© 1300 kZ‡Ki †kl w`‡K| GB †`k¸wj 15 kZ‡Ki w`‡K

msMwVZ wQj bv (Glueck)|

9. John J. Bimson Gi eB, hvi wk‡ivbvg Redating the Exodus and Conquest, cÖKvk K‡i‡Q University of Sheffield, 1978, cÖvPxb ZvwiL m¤wjZ mKj cÖZœZvwË¡K cÖgv‡Yi weiæ‡× weZK© Zz‡j a‡i‡Q|

VI. hvÎv cy Í‡Ki mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ AwbðqZv

33

K. wgki †_‡K KZRb †jvK †ei n‡q G‡mwQj Zvi msL¨vi wel‡q m‡›`n Av‡Q

1. MYbv 1:46; 26:51 wj‡L‡Q †h †mLv‡b 600,000 cyiæl wQj hy× Kivi gZ eq‡mi (20-50 eQi eqmx, hvÎv 38:26)| †mRb¨,

hw` †KD gwnjv, †Q‡j‡g‡q I eq¯‹ †jvK MYbv K‡i Z‡e m¤¢ve¨ msL¨v n‡e 15 jÿ †_‡K 25 jÿ|

2. hwÌ, nvRv‡ii Rb¨ wneªæ Uvg©, Eleph, A_© n‡Z cv‡i:

K. GKwU cwievi ev GK †Mvwô, wh‡nvk~q 22:14; wePvi 6:15; 1 kg~ 23:23; mL 9:7

L. GKwU mvgwiK GKK, hvÎv 18:21,25; wØ we 1:15

M. AvÿwiK nvRvi, Avw` 20:16; hvÎv 32:28

N. cÖwZwKfv‡e eëüZ, Avw` 24:60; hvÎv 20:6 (wØ we 7:9); 34:7; whi 32:18

O. Ugaritic ‡_‡K (Semetic fvlvi mgRvwZq), GKB consonants nj alluph hvi A_© Ò‡Mvwô cÖavbÓ (Avw` 36:15)|

Gi A_© n‡Z cv‡i †h MYbv 1:39 c` Abymv‡i †mLv‡b `vb esk †_‡K 60 Rb †Mvwô cÖavb Ges 2700 Rb †jvK wQj|

mgm¨v ZLbB Av‡m hLb †mLv‡b wKQz wKQz †Mvwói †jvK msL¨vi c‡ÿ my¯úó fv‡e A‡bK †Mvwó cÖavb _v‡K|

P. NIV ÷vwW evB‡e‡j Lye fvj Av‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q, c„..186

3. cÖZœZË¡ GB mg‡qi wgki I Aïwiqv ˆmb¨ msL¨v wnmve K‡i‡Q cÖvq GK jÿ| wh‡nvk~‡q wKQz wKQz c¨v‡mR i‡q‡Q g‡b nq Bw½Z

Ki‡Q †h B ªv‡q‡ji cÖvq 40,000 R‡bi GKwU ˆmb¨`j wQj (wh‡nv 4:13; 7:3; 8:3,11,12)|

L. hvÎv cy Í‡Ki Mgb c_wU m‡›`nRbK

1. Ae ’vb nj: (1) wgkwiq bMix mg~n; (2) Rjvavi mg~n; Ges (3) cÖvPxb wneªæ wkwei ’vc‡bi RvqMv¸wj meB AwbwðZ|

2. Uvg© Ò‡jvwnZ mvMiÓ nj AvÿwiK fv‡e Yam Suph, †hwU:

K. A_©, ÒAvMvQv mgy`ªÓ ev Òbj LvMovi mgy`ª|Ó GwU D‡jøL Ki‡Z cv‡i jeY mgy`ª, †hvbv 2:5; 1 ivRv 9:26 ev my‡cq Rj,

hvÎv 2:3; whkv 19:26| LXX cÖ_g Abyev` K‡i‡Q GwU‡K Ò‡jvwnZ mvMiÓ wnmv‡e, c‡i Vulgate Ges Zvic‡i King James Version|

L. D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Ò`wÿ‡Yi mvMiÓ ev ÒG‡Kev‡i ‡k‡li (c„w_exi) mvMi|Ó GUv D‡jøL n‡Z cv‡i eZ©gv‡bi †jvwnZ mvMi,

fviZ gnvmvMi ev cvim¨ DcmvMi|

M. cyivZb wbq‡g †ek wKQz eënvi wQj (MYbv 33:8,10)|

3. wZbwU m¤¢ve¨ Mgb c_ i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b AšÍ©f~³ wZbwU wfbœ wfbœ Rjvavi:

K. DËivs‡ki Mgb c_Ñ GwU f~ga¨mvMi DcK~‡j wQj, evwYwR¨K ivRc_ AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q †hwU cwiwPZ Òc‡jwóqi c_Ó

wnmv‡e| GwU n‡Z cv‡i cÖwZÁvZ †`‡k hvevi mswÿß c_| Rjvavi hvi m¤§yLxb Zviv n‡qwQj Zv n‡Z cv‡i GKwU AMfxi,

Rjvf~wg hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q: Lake Sirbonis ev Lake Menzalch| hwÌ, hvÎv cy Í‡Ki 13:17 c‡ì weeiY †`‡L g‡b

n‡e GB weKí w`KwU‡K A¯xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvovI GB c‡_i cv‡k wgkwiq yM©mg~‡ni Ae ’vb GB weKí w`‡Ki

weiæ‡× e‡j|

L. gaëZx© Mgb c_ Ñ GwU‡Z AšÍf~©³ †Kw›`ªq n« mg~n hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q: (1) "The Bitter Lakes"; (2) "Lake Balah"; (3) "Lake Timsah|Ó GwU AviI n‡Z cv‡i Shur cÖvšÍ‡ii g‡a¨ w`‡q GKwU Kv‡djvi Mgb c_ AbymiY Kiv

n‡q‡Q|

M. `wÿYvs‡ki Mgb c_ Ñ G‡Z AšÍf~©³ jeY R‡ji weivU Rjvavi hv‡K AvR‡K Avgiv ‡jvwnZ mvMi e‡j _vwK| GB

AÂ‡jI GKwU Kv‡djvi Mgb c_ i‡q‡Q hv Geb-‡Ml‡i ÒivRvi ivRc_Ó (`‡¤§k‡Ki w`‡K UªvÝ R ©vb †ivW) Gi mv‡_

mshy³|

(1) GB Rjvav‡i bj LvMovi Abycw ’wZi weiæ‡× gZ cÖKvk K‡i

(2) GwU †`wL‡q †`q 1 ivRv 9:26 c‡ì w`‡K †hLv‡b ej‡Q Yam-Suph Geb-†Ml‡ii Dc‡i| GwU n‡Z cv‡i

Aqaba DcmvMi ev †jvwnZ mvM‡ii Ask (MYbv 21:4; wØ we 27; wePvi 11:16; whi 49:12)|

N. MYbv 33 Aa¨vq ¯úó fv‡e †`wL‡q †`q mgm¨v| 8

K

c‡` Zviv Òmgy‡ ªi g‡a¨ w`‡q Mgb K‡i,Ó Zvic‡i 10 c‡` Zviv

Ò‡jvwnZ mvMiÓ Gi cv‡k wkwei ’vcb K‡i, GwU GKwU wfbœ Rjvavi|

O. †h RjvaviB Zviv AwZµg KiæK bv †Kb GwU wQj Ck¦‡ii GKwU A‡jŠwKK KvR| B ªv‡qjxq‡ì wgkwiq ˆmb¨‡ì hy×v¯¿

¸wj mieivn Kiv n‡qwQj ‡h g„Z‡`n¸wj Rjvav‡i Zv‡ì cv‡kB fvmwQj, GwU Avi GKwU A‡jŠwKK KvR, hvÎv

14:30;15:4-5|

P. Ab¨ mvwnZ¨ †_‡K GwU m¤¢e †h Òyom suphÓ wQj ZvwjKvf~³ bq, `wÿ‡Yi inm¨gq Rjvavi| wKQz wKQz mvwn‡Z¨ fviZ

gnvmvMi ev e‡½vcmvMi‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Òyom suph|Ó

4. wmbvB ce©‡Zi Ae ’vb wb‡qI m‡›`n i‡q‡Q

K. hw` †gvwk d‡iŠ‡Yi Kv‡Q Kiv Aby‡iva wZb w`‡bi c_ iƒcK fv‡e bq eis AvÿwiK fv‡e e‡j _v‡Kb (3:18; 5:3;

8:27), GwU Avm‡j h‡_ó `xN© mgq wQj bv HwZn¨MZ RvqMv `wÿYvs‡ki wmbvB DcwØ‡c †cŠQv‡bvi Rb¨| †mRb¨, A‡bK

cwÛZ ce©ZwU ’vcb K‡i‡Qb Kv‡k-e‡Y©qi giæ`¨v‡bi Kv‡Q|

L. HwZn¨MZ RvqMv‡K e‡j wmb cÖvšÍ‡i ÒJebel Musa,Ó Gi ¯c‡ÿ †ek wKQz welq Av‡Q:

(1) ce©‡Zi mvg‡b wekvj mgZi f~wg,

34

(2) wØ we 1:2 c` e‡j GUv wQj wmbvB ce©Z †_‡K Kv‡`k e‡Y©qi w`‡K 11 w`‡bi ågY c_,

(3) Uvg© ÒwmbvBÓ †Kvb wneªæ Uvg© bq| GUv mshy³ n‡Z cv‡i wmb cÖvšÍ‡ii mv‡_, †hwU D‡jøL Ki‡Q GKwU giæf~wgi †QvU

GKwU †Svc| ce©‡Zi wneªæ bvg nj †nv‡ie (cÖvšÍ‡i)|

(4) wmbvB ce©Z nj HwZn¨MZ RvqMv 4_© kZ‡K †_‡K| GwU nj Òwgw`qb †`‡kÓ †hLv‡b AšÍf~©³ Avie I wmbvB

DcwØ‡ci weivU AÂj|

(5) GQvovI wZwb GKwU lvo I GKwU †gl DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb hLb wZwb †bŠKv Z¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb|

(6) GUv g‡b nq †h cÖZœZË¡ wbwðZ n‡q‡Q hvÎv cy Í‡Ki weei‡Y D‡jøwLZ wKPz wKQz bMixmg~‡ni Ae ’v‡b wel‡q (Elim, Dophkah, Rephidim) †h¸wj Aw ÍZ¡ wmbvB DcwØ‡ci cwðg cv‡k©|

VII. HwZnvwmK Ae¯’v‡b Drmmg~‡ni mg_©b:

K. hvÎv cy Í‡Ki m¤‡Ü wgki †_‡K Ggb †Kvb wjwLZ cÖgvY cvIqv hvqwb| YHWH Gi wgkwiq †èZv‡ì m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c civwRZ Ki‡Yi

Av‡jv‡K GwU A¯vfvweK bq|

L. eë ’vi wKQz mvs¯‹…wZ D`vniY i‡q‡Q †hwU Decalog Gi mv‡_ GKB iK‡gi:

1. Laws of Lipit-Ishtar (my‡gwiq), Isin Gi ivRvi KvQ †_‡K (1934-1924 Lªxó c~e©)

2. Laws of Eshnunna (cÖvPxb evwewjq), ZvwiL cÖvq 1800 Lªxó c~e© Ashnunna Gi ivRv Dadusha Gi ivRZ¡ †_‡K

3. Hammurabi Gi AvBb (cÖvPxb evwewjq), evwe‡ji ivRv Hammurabi Gi mgq †_‡K, (1728-1656 Lªxó c~e©

4. wnwËq ivRv Mupsilis I ev Hattusilis I Gi eë ’vi AvBb, cÖvq 1650 Lªxó c~e© †_‡K

5. †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi eë ’vi AvBb hvi cÖv_wgK jÿ¨ wQj †emvgwiK eë ’v hLb evB‡e‡ji eë ’vi jÿ¨ wQj cÖv_wgK fv‡e

agx©q/ag©g‡Zi eë ’v| Ò...Avgiv civgk© w`‡Z cvwi mKj KxjKvK…wZi dj‡Ki eë ’v †emvgwiK cÿcv‡Zi w`‡K Ges

B ªv‡qjxq eë ’vq ag©g‡Zi w`‡K cÿcvZ..., †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvq, we‡ivwaZv P~ovšÍ fv‡e `„wó †MvPi n‡Zv mgv‡Ri mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©;

Ab¨w`‡K B ªv‡q‡j, mKj we‡ivwaZv P~ovšÍ fv‡e Ck¦‡ii weiæ‡×|Ó Walton, p. 80|

6. Albrect Alt in Essays on Old Testament History and Religion, Oxford, 1966, pp. 81-132, yB ai‡Yi

eë ’v wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb:

K. casuistic, †hwU eënvi K‡i conditional clauses| GwU êwkó¨gq Kiv n‡q‡Q GKwU Òhw`...ZviciÓ KvVv‡gv Øviv|

GwU mvgvwRK ev agx©q gvb`‡Ûi Av‡e`b K‡i bv wKš‘ eY©bv K‡i wb‡lavÁv Ges djvdj|

L. apodictic, †hwU KLbB conditional clauses eënvi K‡i bv|

(1) hvÎv 21 Ges wØ we 27:15-26 c` eënvi K‡i third person Ges e¨w³MZ, wbw ©ó †ÿ‡Î m¤úwK©Z

(2) †jexq 18:7-17 Ges hvÎv 20/wØ we 5 Aa¨vq eënvi K‡i second person Ges cwim‡i AwaK mvavib|

M. †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi eë ’v cÖv_wgK fv‡e casuistic hLb B ªv‡qjxq‡ì eë ’v cÖv_wgK fv‡e apodictic|

M. cÖvPxb D`vi weZK© g‡Z †h †gvwk nq‡Zv Rvb‡Zb bv †h wKfv‡e wjL‡Z nq, cÖZœZË¡ wbwðZ K‡i‡Q cÖvPxb Kbvbxq Aÿ‡ii Aw ÍZ¡ †hwU

wgk‡i †gvwki mg‡q eëüZ n‡Zv|

1. Lªxó c~e© 1400 A‡ã Abyiƒc Semitic µxZ`vm m¤‡Ü wgk‡ii wmbvB‡Z Lbb Kv‡Ri cvIqv hvq (Albright, BASOR, #110 [1948], p 12-13)|

2. Queens DcZ¨Kv †_‡K cvIqv (fv½v gvwUi cvÎ eënZ n‡Zv †jLv MÖn‡Y) ostracon cvIqv hvq Thebes G, Albright, BASOR, #110 (1948), p 12|

VIII. mvwnZ¨ GKK (cÖm½)

K. GKwU mswÿß iƒc‡iLv

1. wgk‡i B ªv‡qjxqiv, 1-11

2. B ªv‡qjxqiv wgki Z¨vM K‡i, 12-18

3. wmbvB ce©‡Z B ªv‡qjxqiv, 19-40

K. wmbvB ce©‡Z Rxe‡bi eë ’v, 19-24

L. wmbvB ce©‡Z Avivabvi eë ’v, 25-40

(1) mgvMg Zv¤^yi cwiKíbv, 25-31

(2) we‡`ªvn I wbqg bevqb, 32-34

(3) mgvMg Zv¤^yi wbg©vY, 35-40

L. AvNvZ

1. †m¸wj wgkwiq †èZv‡ì Dc‡i Ck¦‡ii wePvi †`wL‡q‡Q| g‡b GB me NUbv cÖvq 18 gvm mgqKv‡ji g‡a¨ N‡U‡Q| †m¸wj mv‡_

¯vfvweK NUbv RwoZ, Z_vwcI mv‡_ wQj:

35

K. AwZcÖvK…wZK mgq

L. AwZcÖvK…wZK wZeªZv

M. AwZcÖvK„wZK Ae ’vb

2. 10wU AvNv‡Zi mswÿß iƒc‡iLv

K. bxj b`xi Rj i‡³ iƒcvšÍi, 7:14-25

L. e¨vO. 8:1-15

M. wcï, gvwQ, 8:16-19

N. `sk‡Ki SvK, 8:20-32

O. Miæ QvM‡ji †ivM, 9:1-7

P. ÿZhy³ †ùvUK, 9:8-12

Q. wkjve„wó, 9:13-35

R. csMcvj, 10:1-20

S. AÜKvi, 10:21-29

T. g„Zz¨`~Z, cÖ_gRvZ‡ì g„Zz¨, 11:1-8

M. 23 Aa¨v‡q Drme/Dcevm w`‡bi ZvwjKv:

1. mvßvwnK mveŸv_, 23:3

2. wb Ívi ce© (14 wbkvb), 23:5; hvÎv 12

3. Lvwgnxb iæwU (15-21 wbkvb), 23:6-8; wØ we 16:1-8

4. cÖ_g dj (22 wbkvb), 23:9-14

5. cÂvkËgx ev mßv‡ni DrmK, (21 wbkv‡bi c‡i 50Zg w`b, 6 wkfvb), 23:15-21; wØ we 16:9-12

6. Z~ixaŸwb (1 wZmwi), 23:23-25; MYbv 29:1-6

7. cÖvqwðË w`b (10 wZmwi), 23:26-32; 29:7-11

8. KzwU‡ivrme (15 wZmwi), 23:33-44; MYbv 29:12-40; wØ we 16:13-17

N. wek` iƒc‡iLv

1. †`Lzb, R. K. Harrison, Introduction to the OT, p 560-562

2. †`Lyb, E. J. Young, An Introduction to the OT, p 63-72

3. †`Lyb, NIV Study Bible, p 85-87

IX. cÖavb mZ¨

K. Avw`cy Í‡K ïiæ nIqv BwZnvm GLv‡b avivevwnKZv eRvq ivLv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q g‡bvbxZ cwievi †_‡K g‡bvbxZ

RvwZi weKvk| hwÌ, Zviv wgk‡i `vm‡Z¡ wQj, Zviv cÖwZÁvZ †`‡ki AwaKvix n‡e (Avw` 12:1-3; 15:16)|

L. GwU wmbvB ce©‡Z (†nv‡i‡e) wbq‡gi eë ’v wjwce× K‡i‡Q

1. wKfv‡e Avgv‡ì Rxeb hvcb Kiv DwPr! (`k AvÁv Ges Ab¨vb¨ AviI wKQz)

2. wKfv‡e Avgv‡ì Avivabv Kiv DwPr! (mgvMg Zv¤^y, hvRK, cÖwµqv, mgq. Ges Abyôvb)

3. GwU nj mgvMg Zv¤^yi Rb¨ ÒwKfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡eÓ Zvi wb‡`©wkKv ( †jexq cy ÍK)

M. GwU bw_fz³ K‡i‡Q B ªv‡q‡ji cÖwZ Ck¦‡ii gnv fvjevmv I `qvi KvR hv Aeªvnv‡gi Kv‡Q fveevYx Kiv n‡qwQj, Avw` 15:16

N. Ck¦‡ii d‡iŠ‡Yi mv‡_ †gvKv‡ejv †`wL‡q‡Q Ck¦‡ii mve©‡fŠgZ¡ I gvby‡li ¯vaxb B”Qvi g‡a¨ mgZv:

1. Ck¦i d‡iŠ‡Yi ü`q KwVb K‡iwQ‡jb

K. 7:3,13

L. 9:12

M. 10:1, 20, 27

N. 11:10

O. 14:4,8

2. d‡iŠY Zvi wb‡Ri ü`q KwVb K‡iwQ‡jb

K. 8:15. 32

L. 9:34

36

X. Uvg© Ges/A_ev kã¸”Q Ges mswÿß e¨vL¨vi e¨vw³


1. cÖme-Avavi, 1:16 (NIV,cÖm‡ei Avavi)

2. †Zvgvi cv`yKv Ly‡j †dj, 3:5 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. ÒwZb w`‡bi c_,Ó 3:18; 5:3; 8:27 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. Avwg Zvi ü`q KwVb Ki‡ev,Ó 4:21; 7:3, 13; 9:12, 35; 10:1, 20, 27 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. hv`yKi, 7:11,12 (NASB Ges NIV)

6. wb‡ ©vl, 12:5 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. ‡gN Í¤¢, 13:21-22 (NASB Ges NIV)

8. fveev`xwb, 15:20 (NASB Ges NIV)

9. iæwU (gvbœv), 16:4, 8, 14-15, 31(NASB Ges NIV)

10. hvR‡Ki ivR¨, 19:4-6 (NASB Ges NIV)

11. m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c asm (herem), 22:20 (NIV, asmcÖvß)

12. cweÎ Í¤¢, 23:24 (NIV, cweÎ cv_i)

13. G‡dv`, 25:7 (NASB Ges NIV)

14. AbyMÖn wmsnvmb, 25:17 (NIV, cÖvqwðË Av”Qv`b)

15. Dwig I Zzw¤§g, 28:30 (NASB Ges NIV)

16. eB wU, 32:32-33 (NASB Ges NIV)

17. `k©b iæwU, 35:13 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. mswÿß e¨vL¨vi e¨w³

1. Hyksos, 1:8 5. cxbnm, 6:25

2. cÖfzi `~Z, 3:1,4 6. asmKvix, 12:23

3. Avwg AvwQ (YHWH), 3:14; 6:3 7. bvè Ges Awen~, 24:1

(NIV, Avwg †h AvwQ †mB AvwQ) 8. Agv‡jK, 17:8-16

4. iæ‡qj, 2:18; wh‡_ªv, 3:1,9 9. Kiƒe, 25:19

18:11-12

XI. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb (msL¨v Øviv)

1. wc‡_vg, 1:11 7. k~i cÖvšÍi

2. ivwg‡ll, 1:11 8. mxb cÖvšÍi

3. wgw`qb, 2:15 9. cviY cÖvšÍi

4. †nv‡ie ce©Z, 3:1 10. mgy‡`ªi c_ (c¨v‡j÷vBb), 13:17

5. †Mvkb, 8:22 11. AvMvev DcmvMi

6. Bqvg myd. 10:19 (NIV,‡jvwnZ mvMi)

XII. wkÿv_x©‡ì mš‘wói cÖkœvejx

1. d‡iŠY Beªxq‡ì †_‡K †Kb fq †c‡qwQj? 1:7-10

2. †Kb cyiæl wkï‡ì bxj b`xi R‡j †d‡j w`‡Z n‡e? †Kb d‡iŠ‡Yi cwievi bxj b`x‡Z œvb Ki‡Zv? †Kb bxj b`xi Rj i‡³ iƒcvšÍi

GZ Zvrch©c~Y©?

3. †Kb †gvwk wgw`q‡b cvwj‡q hvb?

4. †Kb †gvwki Kv‡Q Ck¦‡ii cÖKvwkZ bvg GZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©? (3:13-16)

5. 3:22 c` wgkwiq †èZv‡ì mv‡_ YHWH Gi Ø›Ø m¤‡Ü wK e‡j?

6. Avw` cy Í‡Ki 4:26 c‡` YHWH Gi Avwef©v‡ei Av‡jv‡K Avgiv wKfv‡e hvÎv 6:3 c` e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvwi?

7. wKfv‡e AvNvZ¸wj wgkwiq a‡g© cÖfve †d‡jwQj?

8. Ck¦i wK d‡iŠ‡Yi ü`q KwVb K‡i Zvi ¯vaxb g‡bvbqb‡K niY K‡iwQ‡jb?

9. cÖ_g RvZ‡ì g„Zzï Zvrch© wK?

37

10. Beªxqiv †Kv_v †_‡K Zv‡ì mvgwiK A ¿k ¿ †c‡qwQj? 11. wK Dcv‡q 18 Aa¨v‡q wh‡_ªvi cÖwZ †gvwki KvR Bw½Z †`q †h †m YHWH Gi cÖwZ wek¦vm K‡iwQj? 12. hvR‡Ki RvwZ nIqvq B ªv‡q‡ji cÖwZ cÖfve wK wQj? 13. 10 AvÁvi ZvwjKv Kiæb| 14. 23 Aa¨v‡qi Dcev‡mi w`b¸wji ZvwjKv Kiæb| 15. mgvMg Zv¤^y Ges Gi Avmevec‡Îi wPÎ AsKb Kiæb| 16. 32 Aa¨v‡qi †mvbvi evQzi wK cÖwZwKKiY K‡i?

38

39

40

‡jexq cy Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO LEVITICUS)

I. eB‡qi bvg

K. wneªæ‡Z (MT) GwU nj eB‡qi cÖ_g kã, ÒGes wZwb (YHWH)Avnevb Ki‡jb|Ó

L. Talmud (Mishnah)G‡K e‡j‡Q ÒhvRK‡ì Rb¨ eë ’v|Ó

M. LXX Abyev` †_‡K GwU nj Ò‡jexq‡ì eB|Ó

N. †h‡iv‡gi j¨vwUb Vulgate Gi wk‡ivbvg w`‡q‡Q Ò‡jexq cy ÍK|Ó


K. GwU nj wneªæ K¨vb‡bi cÖ_g wefv‡Mi Ask hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Ò‡ZvivÓ ev Òwkÿv¸wjÓ ev Òeë ’v|Ó



N. G‡Z AšÍf~©³ †gvwki Øviv K…Z m„wó †_‡K †gvwki Rxeb ch©šÍ GKwU Awew”Qbœ weeiY, Avw` cy ÍKÑwØZxq weeiY|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ Ñ eBwU †ewki fvM AvBb Kvbyb m¤úwK©Z, 8-10 Aa¨v‡qi HwZnvwmK eY©bvg~jK weeiY Qvov|

IV. cy¯Í‡Ki iPwqZv Ñ 1:1 c`wU cÖvqB cybive„wËi bgybvq (35 evi) ’vwcZ Ò YHWH ‡gvwk‡K ej‡jb|Ó Avw` cy Í‡Ki iƒc‡iLvq wek`

Av‡jvPbv †`Lyb|

V. ZvwiL Ñ Zzjbv Kiæb hvÎv 40:2,17 c‡ì mv‡_ MYbv 1:1 c`| GwU †`Lvq †h GwU †gvwk‡K Ck¦i Øviv `Ë n‡q‡Q gnv cÖ ’v‡bi c‡i wØZxq

erm‡ii cÖ_g gv‡m| hvÎv cy Í‡Ki iƒc‡iLvq wek` Av‡jvPbv †`Lyb|

VI. mgw_©Z Drmmg~‡ni HwZnvwmK Ae¯’vb

K. †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi ag©vbyôvb mg~‡ni eë ’v

1. DrmM© wQj gyL¨Z GKwU †fvR †èZv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ DrmMx©K…Z| ‡ew` wQj †èZv‡ì †Uwej †hLv‡b Lvevi ivLv n‡Zv| †ewì cv‡k

wQj a~ca~bv ivLvi cvÎ †hwU wQj †èZv‡ì AvKl©b Kivi Rb¨| †mLv‡b i‡³i †Kvb agx©q Abyôv‡bi Bw½Z wQj bv| Zievix

avi‡Kiv cïi Mjv KvU‡Zv| Lvevi fvM Kiv n‡Zv †èZv‡ì, hvRK-ivRv Ges Dcw ’Z †jvK‡ì g‡a¨| DrmM© vbKvixiv wKQyB

†cZ bv|

3. ‡Kvb cÖvqwðËg~jK DrmM© wQj bv|

4. Amy ’Zv ev †e`bv wQj †èZv‡ì †_‡K kvw Í| GwU cï Avbv n‡Zv Ges asm Kiv n‡Zv: GwU KvR Ki‡Zv DrmM© vbKvixi weKí

wnmv‡e|

5. B ªv‡qjxq‡ì agx©q Abyôvb wQj c„_K I ¯Zš¿| GwU g‡b nq DrcwË n‡q‡Q GKRb e¨w³i Zvi cÖ‡qvRbxq Lvev‡ii Rb¨ cwikÖ‡g

Ck¦‡ii AskwU wdwi‡q †èvi (Avw` 4:1-4; 8:20-22)|

L. Kbv‡b agx©q Abyôv‡bi eë ’v (B ªv‡q‡ji mv‡_ LyeB mv`„k¨c~Y©)

1. Drm mg~n

K. evB‡e‡ji weeiY

L. ‰dwbKxq mvwnZ¨

M. Ugarit G cvIqv Ras Shamra djK †hwU Kbvbxq †èZv‡ì I †cŠivwYK Kvwnwb m¤‡Ü hvi ZvwiL cÖvq Lªxó c~e© 1400

Aã|

41

2. B ªv‡qjxq‡ì I Kbvbxq‡ì DrmM©mg~n LyeB mv`„k¨c~Y© wQj| hwÌ, Kbv‡bi Drm‡M© cïi i‡³i Dc‡i †Rvi †Ìqv nqwb|

M. wgk‡ii ag©vbyôvb mg~‡ni eë ’v

1. DrmM© `vb Kiv n‡Zv wKš‘ ¸iæZ¡ vb Kiv n‡Zv bv

2. DrmM© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wQj bv wKš‘ DrmM© vbKvix g‡bvfv‡ei cÖwZ wQj

3. DrmM© vb Kiv n‡Zv †èZv‡ì ivM `gb Kivi Rb¨

4. DrmM© vbKvixiv D×vi cvevi ev ÿgv jv‡fi Avkv Ki‡Zv

N. B ªv‡qjxq‡ì Drm‡M©i c×wZ Ñ B ªv‡qjxq‡ì DrmM©mg~n Kbv‡bi mv‡_ LyeB Nwbô wQj hwÌ Zv‡ì me¸wji mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wQj bv|

1. eY©bvg~jK kã¸w”Q

K. DrmM© wQj gvby‡li Ck¦i‡K cÖ‡qvR‡bi ¯ZtùzZ© cÖKvk

L. cyivZb wbq‡gi eë ’v hv DrmM©‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Zv Zv‡K ejv †h‡Z cv‡i bv Drm‡M©i m~Pbv (Avw` 7:8; 8:20)

M. DrmM© wQj GKwU Dcnvi (cï ev kvKkwâ)

N. Aek¨B GKwU DrmM© n‡e †hwU m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkK aswmZ n‡e †ewì Dc‡i Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ kÖ×vq

O. ‡ew` wQj Drm‡M©i ’vb Ges Hk¦ixK Dcw ’wZi cÖwZwKKiY

P. DrmM© wQj evwn¨K Avivabvi GKwU KvR (GKwU cÖv_©bv †hwU evB‡i Kiv n‡Zv)

Q. Drm‡M©i msÁv nj Òmwµq cÖv_©bvÓ ev Òag©vbyôvbMZ cÖv_©bv|Ó ag©vbyôv‡bi Zvrch© Ges Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ cÿcvZ MÖ ’

Gordon J. Wenham G †hfv‡e cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zvi weiæ‡× (Tyndale, Numbers, p.25-39)| †jexq cy ÍK I

MYbv cy ÍK Df‡qiB welqe ‘ GB ai‡Yi wel‡q †hwU †`Lvq Gi ¸iæZ¡ †gvwk I B ªv‡q‡ji cÖwZ|

2. DrmM© AšÍ©f~³

K. Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ Dcnvi

(1) Gi g‡a¨ ¯xK…wZ AšÍ©f~³ †h c„w_exi me wKQz cÖfziB

(2) gvby‡li hv wKQz Av‡Q, †m Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q F„wY

(3) †mRb¨, GUv wVK †h gvbyl Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q AN© Avb‡e

(4) GUv wQj GK we‡kl ai‡Yi AN © ev Dcnvi| GUv wQj Ggb wKQz hv gvby‡li wb‡Ri Aw Í Í¡ wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨

ìKvi| GUv wQj †KejgvÎ †Ìqvi †P‡qI †ewk wKQz, GUv wQj Zvi ìKvix Ggb wKQz| GUv wQj wb‡Ri GKwU

Ask‡K Ck¦i‡K †Ìqv|

(5) Dcnvi as‡mi Øviv GUv cybivq `vex Kiv †hZ bv

(6) †cvovb Dcnvi n‡q c‡owQj A „k¨ Ges Ck¦‡ii iv‡R¨ D‡V †hZ

(7) cÖv_wgK †ew`¸wj †mLv‡bB wbwg©Z n‡Zv †hLv‡b Ck¦i `k©b w`‡Zb| †ew`‡K Lye cweÎ ’vb wnmv‡e †`Lv n‡Zv †mRb¨,

DrmM© GLv‡b wb‡q Avmv n‡Zv|

L. GKR‡bi mgMÖ Rxeb Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q Drm‡M©i cÖKvk Kiv

(1) †cvovb Dcnvi wQj wZbwU †¯”Qvg~jK Drm‡M©i GKwU|

(2) mgMÖ cïwU †cvovb n‡Zv Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ Avgv‡ì Mfxi kÖ×v cÖKv‡k|

(3) GUv wQj Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ AZ¨šÍ my¯úó cÖKvkg~jK Dcnvi|

M. Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ mnfvwMZv

(1) Drm‡M©i mnfvwMZvi w`K¸wj

(2) GKwU D`vniY n‡Z cv‡i kvwšÍ DrmM© †hwU cÖwZwKKiY Ki‡Zv Ck¦i gvby‡li g‡a¨Kvi mnfvwMZv

(3) DrmM© `vb Kiv n‡Zv GB mnfvwMZv jvf Ki‡Z ev cybivq jvf Ki‡Z

N. cv‡ci cÖvqwðË

(1) hLb gvbyl cvc Ki‡Zv ZLb Zv‡K Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q m¤úK© (wbqg) cyb ’vc‡bi cÖv_©bv Ki‡Zv n‡Zv †hwU gvbyl f½

K‡i‡Q

(2) cv‡ci DrmM© wb‡q †Kvb mnfvwMZvi †fvR wQj bv †f‡½ hvIqv m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y

(3) i‡³i AšÍ©wbwnZ Zvrch©

a. gvby‡li Rb¨ †ewì Dc‡i ivLv

b. hvR‡Ki Rb¨ c`©vi Dc‡i ivLv

c. gnv hvRK I RvwZi Rb¨ AbyMÖn wmsnvm‡bi Dc‡i ivLv (†jexq 16)

(4) `yB ai‡Yi cvc DrmM© i‡q‡Q| wØZxqwU‡K ejv nq †`vlv_©K DrmM© ev jsNYv_©K DrmM©| Gi ga¨ w`‡q †`vlKvix

Zvi mn B ªv‡qjxq‡ì m¤úK© cyb ’vcb †hwU `yi Kiv nq ev bó Kiv nq cï Drm‡M©i mv‡_|

(5) c~e© cwiKwíZ ev B”QvK…Z cv‡ci Rb †Kvb DrmM© wQj bv, 4:1, 22, 27; 5:15-18;22:14

O. wfbœ wfbœ Drm‡M©i Rb¨ cÖwµqv

1. 1 Aa¨vq

42

K. cwiwPwZg~jK m~Î, Òm`vcÖfz †gvwk‡K ej‡jb,Ó 1:1-2; 4:1; 5:14; 6:1,19; 7:22, 28

(1) cïcvj ev †glcvj †_‡K

(2) ÒKLb,Ó 2 c`, †`Lvq †h GUv wQj †¯”Qvg~jK wKš‘ eva¨Zvg~jK bq

L. †cvovb DrmM©, 3-17 c` (6:8-13)

(1) †ew`

K) wcZ‡ji †ew`, †hwU AviI ejv n‡Zv †cvovb Drm‡M©i †ew`, mgvMg Zv¤^yi ìRvi cv‡kB wQj, ev wkwUg

Kv‡Vi †ew`, wcZj Øviv Av”Qvw`Z (hvÎv 27)

L) GwU G‡K ¯Zš¿ K‡i‡Q gnv cweÎ ’v‡bi (hvÎv 30) a~c †ew` (†mvbi †ew`) †_‡K

M) wcZ‡ji †ew` †_‡K A½vi a~c †ew`‡Z †bIqv n‡Zv

N) wcZ‡ji †ew` mgvMg Zv¤^yi cÖ‡ek c‡_i ga¨ ’v‡bi wVK Wvb w`‡K wQj

O) †ewì k„sM †hwU wQj Gi me‡P‡q cweÎ Ask| GB k„s‡M i³ cÖ‡ÿc Kiv n‡Zv (hvÎv 30:10)|

P) k„sM¸wj m¤¢eZ GB Rb¨ wQj:

1. DrmM© D‡×© Zz‡j aivi nv‡Zi cÖwZK

2. mejZv ev cÖwZwôZ ÿgZvi cÖwZK (wØ we 33:17; 2 kg~ 22:3)

3. cieZx©‡Z, †h †KD †ewì k„sM ai‡Zv Zvi wePvivwab gvgjvi wb®úwË bv nIqv ch©šÍ †m wbivc` (1 ivRv

1:50-51; 2:28)

(2) DrmM©

K) wb‡ ©vl lvo †hwU cÖ_‡gB D‡jøL Kiv n‡Zv KviY Gi ¸iæZ¡ I gyj¨, 3 c`

L) cyiæl QvMj ev †gl, 10 c`

M) eb¨ KeyZi ev Aí eqmx NyNy 14 c` (`wi`ª‡ì Rb¨ eë ’v)

(3) †cvovb Drm‡M©i RvqMv wQj mgvMg Zv¤^yi ìRvi mvg‡b

(4) n Ívc©Y Kiv Ñ GUv wQj †KejgvÎ lv‡oi Rb¨, wKš‘ Qvcj, †gl ev cvwLi Rb¨ bq,

K) DrmM© GwU wb‡R Ki‡Zv (cy‡ivwnZ bq)

L) A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib †h GUv wQj †`vl ’vbvšÍ‡ii GKwU cÖwZwK KvR

M) A‡b‡K wek¦vm K‡ib Gi A_© GB †h:

1. GB cïwU Avm‡Zv wbw ©ó e¨w³i KvQ †_‡K

2. DrmM©wU Dcw ’Z Kiv n‡Zv DrmM©Kvixi bv‡g

3. GB Drm‡M©i dj †mB †jv‡Ki n‡Zv †h Zvi nvZ cïi Dc‡i ivL‡Zv

(5) cï nZ¨v

K) lvo Ñ Òm`vcÖfzi mvg‡bÓ †jvKwU Øviv DrmM© Kiv n‡Zv| DrmM©Kvix nZ¨v Ki‡Zv, Pvgov, Ges cïwU UzKiv

UzKiv Ki‡Zv| hvR‡Ki f~wgKv (cÖKvk¨ Drm‡M©i †ÿÎ Qvov) ïiæ n‡Zv hLb †jvKwU cïwU †ewì Kv‡Q

Avb‡Zv|

L) ‡gl ev QvMj, 11 c` Ñ Òm`vcÖfzi mvg‡b †ewì DËi w`‡KÓ GwU D‡jøL Ki‡Zv GKwU we‡kl RvqMvi GB

iKg †QvU cïi Rb¨|

M) cvwL Ñ hvRK GwU nZ¨v Ki‡Zv Ges DcnviwU DrmM© Ki‡Zv| DrmM© vbKvixi cvwLi †`n mwi‡q †dj‡Z n‡Zv

(6) i‡³i eë ’vcbv

K) cï

1) hvRK †ewì Dc‡i i³ cÖ‡ÿc Ki‡Zv, Ges †ewì Pviw`‡K i³ wQwU‡q w`Z|

2) cïi Rxeb wQj i‡³ (Avw` 9:4; †jexq 17:11)| Rxeb BwZg‡a¨ Ck¦‡ii AwaKvi, †mRb¨, i³ gvby‡li

Dcnv‡ii †Kvb As‡ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Zv bv|

3) cvwLi i³ †ewì cvk w`‡q c‡o †hZ Av¸‡b cyo‡Zv bv|

(7) gvs‡mi eë ’vcbv

K) lvo, 6 c`

1) DrmM©Kvix Dcnv‡ii Pvgov Qvov‡e| hvRK Pvgov ivL‡Z cvi‡eb (7:8)

2) DrmM©Kvix GwU UzKiv UzKiv K‡i KvU‡eb

3) hvRK †ewì Dc‡i Ggb fv‡e Dcnvi mvwR‡q ivL‡eb †hgb GwU RxweZ Ae ’vq wQj

4) cv Ges bvoxfzwo R‡ji cv‡Îi Rj w`‡q ay‡q †dj‡Z n‡e

5) me wKQz hvRK †ewì Dc‡i ‡cvov‡eb

M. †cvovb Drm‡M©i Dcjÿ¨

(1) mgvMg Zv¤^yi, KzwU‡ivrme Drm‡e

(2) cÖvqwðË w`‡b

(3) mßv‡ni, cÖ_g dmj ev cÂvkËgxi Drm‡e

(4) Z~ixaŸwbi Drm‡e

43

(5) †`vjbxq AvwU (†jexq 23)

(6) Lvwgnxb iæwU, wb Ívi c‡e©i Drm‡e

(7) gv‡mi, b~Zb Puv‡ì ïiæ‡Z

(8) wekÖvgevi

N. †cvovb Drm‡M©i AšÍ©wbwnZ Zvrch©

1) Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ GKwU Dcnvi

2) me‡P‡q g~jëvb cÖK…wZi Dcnvi wnmv‡e †`Lv n‡q‡Q|

3) GUv g‡b nq †h mvaviY fv‡e ev abëv` mnKv‡i cv‡ci wel‡q †gvKv‡ejv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

4) Drm‡M©i aviYvi m‡e‡P‡q wbLyZ cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix|

5) GKR‡bi Rxe‡bi cÖwZwK Dcnvi `vb|

6) Ck¦‡ii †mevq GKRb e¨w³i Rxe‡bi ïwPKiY cÖwZwbwaZ¡ mym¤úbœ

7) Dcnv‡ii g~‡jï Íi

K) lvo

L) †gl Ñ QvMj

M) cvwL

8) GUv †`Lvq †h †KD AvwZ¥K cÖ‡qvR‡bi wel‡q m‡PZb n‡q cÖfzi w`‡K GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Ck¦i cÖwZwU gvbyl‡i Rb¨

eë ’v K‡i †i‡L‡Qb|

O. hvRK‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl wb‡ ©kbv, 6:8-12

(1) †cvovb DrmM© mviv ivZ †ewì Pzjvi Dc‡i _vK‡e

(2) ‡cvovb Drm‡M©i wb‡P †ewì Av¸b AweiZ fv‡e DrmM© †cvov‡Z _vK‡e

(3) wb‡ ©kbv AšÍ©f~³ hvRK‡ì †cvlv‡Ki wel‡q

(4) QvB Acmvi‡Yi wel‡q wb‡ ©kbv

2. 2:1-16 Aa¨vq (6:14-23)

K. f~wgKv

(1) GB Aa¨vq kl¨ Drm‡M©i wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q

(2) kl¨ DrmM© hvi g~j A_© wQj ÒDcnvi|Ó GUv n‡qwQj GKwU †KŠkjMZ Uvg© cï Qvov ev kvKkwâ Drm‡M©i|

(3) wbe©vm‡bi c‡i kl¨ DrmM© ‡cvovb Drm‡M©i I kvwšÍ Drm‡M©i AwZwi³ wnmv‡e Avwef~©Z nq Ges ivweŸ iv e‡jb †h

GUv AZ¨šÍ `wi‡ ªiv GKvKxB DrmM© Ki‡Z cv‡i|

(4) GQvov jeY Pzw³ D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q MYbv 18:19 Ges 2 esk 13:5 c‡`| jeY nj fvwgi wecwiZ| GUv eëüZ

n‡q‡Q Ck¦‡ii wbq‡gi cÖwZK wnmv‡e KviY GwU ywlZ nq bv I ’vqx|

L. kl¨ Drm‡M©i mv‡_ RwoZ GKR‡bi cwikÖgI Ck¦i‡K †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|

(1) GUv Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ GKwU Dcnvi †jvK‡ì cÖwZw`‡bi Lvevi †_‡K|

(2) GUv wQj mvaviYZ AwZwi³ (we‡klZ wbe©vmb DËi Kv‡j) †cvovb DrmM© ev kvwšÍ Drm‡M©i mv‡_|

(3) DrmM© wQj Ck¦‡ii eë ’v hvRK‡ì Rb¨| †KejgvÎ GKwU †QvU Ask ‡cvovb n‡Zv me wKQzi ¯§iYv_©K wnmv‡e|

(4) Ò¯§iYv_©KÓ kã eY©bv K‡i DrmM©K…Z Ask, ev †mB Ask hvi m¤ú~Y©Uv Ck¦‡ii mvg‡b Avbv n‡Zv|

(5) Ò¯§iYv_©KÓ wnmv‡e cÖfzi †fv‡Ri b~Zb wbq‡gi aviYv cyivZb wbq‡gi GB aviYvi cÖKvk|

(6) ÒcweÎÓ Ges Ògnv cweÎÓ GB `yBwU Uv‡g©i g‡a¨ ¯Zš¿Zv nj:

K) ÒcweÎÓÑ hvRK Ges cwievi GwU †L‡Z cvi‡Zv †h †Kvb ïwP hvqMvq e‡m

L) Ògnv cweÎÓÑ GKgvÎ †L‡Z cvi‡Zv hvR‡Kiv Ges mgvMg Zv¤^yi mgvMZiv

M. cÖKvi †f`

(1) bv †muKv gq`v (abx‡ì Rb¨), 2:1-3

(2) †muKv iæwU ev wcVv, 2:4-11

(3) kl¨ ev M‡gi †Kvgj kxl (Mixe‡ì Rb¨), 2:12-16

K) bv †muKv gq`v nj m‡e©v”P Dcnvi| GUv wQj M‡gi gq`vi me‡P‡q fvj|

L) †muKv wcVv

1) †Zj wQj GKwU Dcv`vb

2) Pzjvq cÖ ‘Z n‡Zv, 4 c`

3) GKwU †muKvi †jvnvi cv‡Î, 5 c`

4) GKwU gvwUi †muKvi cvÎ, 7 c`

1) kl¨ ev M‡gi †Kvgj kxl

2) Aek¨B Sjmv‡bv n‡Z n‡e

3) ‡f‡½ †dj‡Z n‡e ¸ov ¸ov K‡i

44

4) Ggb fv‡e mw¾Z n‡e †h AwZw_‡ì mvg‡b Lvevi ivLv n‡q‡Q|

N. Dcv`vbmg~n

1) myÿè gq`v cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i wbLuyZ cïi

2) †Zj wQj mg„w×i GKwU cÖwZK Ges †mRb¨ Ck¦‡ii Dcw ’wZi cÖwZK

K) Lvevi, DrmM©, Jla, Ges Awf‡l‡Ki Rb¨ eëüZ

L) m¤¢eZ †Z‡ji eënvi †Zj Drm‡M©i RvqMv wb‡qwQj

3) a~c a~bv fviZ ev Avie †_‡K Avm‡Zv

K) Lye wbLuyZ wnmv‡e †`Lv n‡Zv mv‡_ wQj Pgrevi myMÜ

L) cÖv_©bv I cÖksmv‡K cÖwZwKKiY Ki‡Zv

4) jeY

K) Rxeb`vqx mv‡_ mv‡_ msiÿ‡Yi ¸Ym¤úbœ

L) m¤¢eZ msiÿ‡Yi †P‡q †Uwe‡ji mnfvwMZv Rb¨ AwaK

5) eR©bK…Z Dc`vb mg~n

K) Lvwg eR©b, 11 c`

1) m¤¢eZ MuvRv‡bvi Kvi‡Y

2) MuvRv‡bv Aweï×Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z

3) cÖ_g d‡ji mv‡_ DrmM© Kiv n‡Zv Ges hvR‡Ki Kv‡Q

L) gay eR©b

1) d‡ji im dj †_‡K cvIqv †hZ †gŠgvwQ ‡_‡K bq

2) m¤¢eZ †h‡nZz GwU Kbvbxq ag©vbyôv‡b eënvi

O. ag©vbyôv‡b DrmM©

(1) GwU hvR‡Ki Kv‡Q Avb‡Z n‡Zv| wZwb mg Í AbyôAbwU cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb (2:2,9.16)

(2) cweÎ ’v‡b e‡mB GB Drm‡M©i Ask we‡kl hvR‡Ki Øviv LvIqv n‡Zv| GwU wQj me‡P‡q cweÎ|

P. Zvrch©

(1) wb¤œZi †_‡K m‡e©v”P Dc ’vcbv

(2) Gi wKQz †cvovb cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Zv GKR‡bi Ck¦i cÖwZ cwikÖ‡gi AvswkK ïwPKiY

(3) `„k¨gvb A_©

K) †cvovb DrmM© Ñ GKR‡bi Rxe‡bi ïwPKiY

L) Lv`¨ DrmM© Ñ GKR‡bi ˆ`wbK cwikÖg wb‡e`b

Q. kl¨ Drm‡M©i Rb¨ we‡kl wb‡ ©kbv, 6:14-23

1) †ewì mvg‡b DrmM© Ki‡Z n‡e

2) cwikÖgxi Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ Dcnvi DrmM© Ki‡Zv wKš‘ cÖK…Zc‡ÿ GwU hvRK‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zv

3. 3:1-17 Aa¨vq (7:13-34) g½jv_©K DrmM©

K. f~wgKv

(1) †Kb

K) mnfvwMZvi DrmM©

L) wbq‡gi DrmM©

M) †hŠ_ DrmM©

N) Dcmsnv‡ii DrmM©

(2) GwU cÖKvk K‡i Ck¦i cÖwZ K…ZÁZvÁvcb Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ mnfvwMZvi Kvi‡Y, cwievi I eÜzevÜe‡ì|

(3) GwU wQj mvaviYZ avivevwnK Drm‡M©i †kl KvR hvi g‡a¨ w`‡q c~bwg©jb cÖwZwôZ nq|

(4) †cvovb DrmM© cÖKvk K‡i eva¨Zvi en~g~j¨Zv hLb g½jv_©K DrmM© cÖKvk K‡i Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ mnfvwMZvi Avb›` Ges

mš‘wó|

(5) cyiæl ev ¿x wKš‘ wb‡`©vl n‡Z n‡e

(6) Drm‡M©i wfbœZv

K) cïcvj †_‡K; cyiæl A_ev ¿x

L) QvMj I †g‡li g‡a¨Kvi ¯Zš¿Zv wbY©q Ki‡Zv †g‡li †j‡Ri Pwe©

1) †g‡li cvj Ñ cyiæl ev ¿x

2) QvM‡ji cvj Ñ cyiæl A_ev ¿x

L. ag©vbyôvb

(1) Drm‡M©i Dc ’vcbv

K) Drm‡M©i Dc‡i n Ívc©Y Kiv

45

L) mgvMg Zv¤^yi ìRvq G‡K nZ¨v Kiv

M) DrmM© wPwýZKiY †cvovb Drm‡M©i gZB GKB iKg

N) †ewì Pvwiw`‡K i³ cÖ‡ÿc Kiv

O) wbe©vwPZ Ask m`vcÖfzi Rb¨ †ew`‡Z †cvovb

1) Pwe© (‡glÑPwehy³ †jR) cÖwZwKKiY Ki‡Zv mg„w×i

2) e„°, hK…‡Zi wb¤œvsk cÖwZwKKiY Ki‡Zv B”Qv I Av‡e‡Mi Avmb

3) DrmM©Kvixi †cvovb Drm‡M©i ’v‡b Pwe©hy³ Ask ivLv A_ev cÖvZKv‡ji †gl DrmM©

(2) abëv`Ávcb Drm‡M© AšÍ©f~³ (7:11-14)

K) †Z‡j wgwkÖZ Lvwgnxb wcVv

L) †Zj QUv‡bv Lvwgnxb cvZjv iæwU

M) †Z‡j wgwkÖZ m~ÿè gq`v

M. hvR‡Ki Ask, 7:28-35

(1) †`vjbxq DrmM© wnmv‡e hvR‡Ki AwaKvi

(2) †`vjv‡bvq AšÍ©f~³ Drm‡M©i ’vb DrmM©Kvixi nv‡Z Ges hvR‡Ki nv‡Z| GUv †`LvZ †h DrmM©Kvix Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ

DrmM© K‡i‡Qb, Ges c‡i GwU hvR‡Ki Øviv M„wnZ n‡Zv|

(3) Wvb Diæ cwiPvjbvKvix hvR‡Ki AwaKvi

(4) DrmM© Ck¦‡i cÖwZ Zz‡j aiv Ges c‡i hvR‡Ki Øviv M„wnZ n‡Zv

N. DrmM©Kvixi Ask, 7:15-18

(1) GKwU abëv` Ávc‡bi DrmM© Drm‡M©i w`‡bB †L‡q †dj‡Z n‡Zv, 15 c`

(2) GKwU cÖwZÁv (kc_) ev †¯”QvK…Z DrmM© Drm‡M©i w`‡bB †L‡q †dj‡Z n‡e A_ev c‡ii w`b, 16 c`

(3) GB AskwU wQj †m¸wj †h¸wj Ck¦‡ii †Ìqv n‡Zv bv Ges Ck¦&i Øviv cyivwnZ‡K

(4) Ck¦i cÖwZwKfv‡e GB DrmM© DrmM©Kvix I Zvi cwievi I eÜzevÜe‡ì mv‡_ †L‡Zb

(5) GB DrmM© wbwb©Z n‡Zv †h mnfvwMZvi m¤úK© c~b ’vwcZ n‡q‡Q

4. 4:1-5:13 Aa¨vq (6:24-34) cvc DrmM©

K. f~wgKv

(1) GwU nj cÖ_g DrmM© †hwU‡Z cÖvqwðË wQj cÖavb Dcv`vb|

(2) GB DrmM© wbqg cyb:cÖwZwôZ K‡i gvbyl I Ck¦‡ii g‡a¨| GwU mnfvwMZv cybiæ×vi K‡i|

(3) GB Drm‡M© AšÍ©f~³:

K) AÁvbZv ekZ: cvc

L) AmveavbZv ekZ: cvc

M) D‡ËRbv ekZ: cvc

N) Ae‡njvRwbZ cvc

O) GwU Ck¦‡ii weiæ‡× †¯”QvK…Z `vw¤¢KZv we‡`ªv‡ni cv‡ci cÖvqwðË K‡i bv| †¯”QvK…Z, D×Z, cwiKwíZ cv‡ci

Rb¨ †Kvb DrmM© †bB (MYbv 15:27-31)|

L. A_©

(1) GB DrmM© cv‡ci Rb¨ †`vl I kvw Íi cÖvqwðË K‡i|

(2) G‡Z AšÍ©f~³ Ck¦‡ii w`K †_‡K AbyMÖn Ges gvby‡li w`K †_‡K wek¦vm|

(3) †KejgvÎ AvbyôvwbK Dcnvi Øviv †Kvb DrmM©B †Kvb wKQz mvab K‡i bv| DrmM©Kvixi wek¦vm Gi wcQ‡b KvR K‡i|

(4) Z_vwc, DrmM© DrmM©Kvixi †KejgvÎ cÖKv‡ki †P‡q DrmM© †ewk wKQz| GUv Zvi Rb¨ wKQz K‡i| GwU Ck¦‡ii mv‡_

m¤úK© cyb: ’vcb K‡i|

(5) ag©vbyôvb wQj GKwU Ck¦i `Ë ÿwZc~i‡Yi Dcvq, wKš‘ e¨w³MZ wek¦v‡mi weKí bq|

(6) Ck¦i A‡bK agx©q KvR N„Yv K‡ib hvi wcQ‡b wek¦vm †bB, whkv 1:10-20; Av‡gvl 5:21-24; gxLv 6:6-8|

M. ag©vbyôvb

(1) gnv cy‡ivwn‡Zi Rb¨, 3-12 c`

K) gnv cy‡ivwnZ Ñ Awfwl³ cy‡ivwnZ

1) cvc, †jvK‡ì fyj c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡i

2) cvc, e¨w³MZ ¯fv‡e

3) gnv cy‡ivwnZ, n‡jb mgv‡Ri AvwZ¥K cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix| hw` wZwb cvc K‡ib, me cvc Zvi Dc‡i co‡e|

GwU wQj whû`x‡ì wgwjZ Dcjwä (wh‡nv 7; †ivgxq 5:12 c` †_‡K K‡qKwU c`)|

L) cÖwµqv

1) gnv cy‡ivwnZ wb‡ ©vl GKwU Aí eqmx lvo †ewì Kv‡Q Avb‡eb|

46

2) wZwb GwUi gv_vi Dc‡i nvZ ivL‡eb

3) gnv cy‡ivwnZ cïwU nZ¨v Ki‡eb

4) gnv cy‡ivwnZ c ©vi mvg‡b 7 evi i³ wQUv‡eb

K) GwU mgvMg Zv¤^y‡K ïwP K‡i

L) cÖwZwK fv‡e Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q hvevi c_ Db¥y³ K‡i

M) a~c †ewì k„s‡Mi Dc‡i i³ ivLv nq

N) †cvovi Drm‡M©i †ewì wfwË Aewkó i³ †X‡j †Ìqv nq

5) †ewì Dc‡i mKj †cvovb Pwe© ivLv nq

6) Aewkó mKj cï wkwe‡ii evB‡i ïwP RvqMv‡Z wb‡q hvIqv n‡e, 12 c`, †hLv‡b †ewì QvB †X‡j

†Ìqv n‡Zv| †mLv‡b, cïi evKx Ask †cvovb n‡Zv|

(2) RvwZi Rb¨, 13-21 c`

K) Zviv cvc Ki‡Zv hLb eë ’vi Av‡`k cwic~Y© Kiv bv n‡Zv, 13-21 c`

L) cÖwµqv

1) cÖvPxbiv wb‡ ©vl lvo †ewì Kv‡Q Avb‡eb|

2) cÖvPxbiv Gi gv_vi Dc‡i nvZ ivL‡eb|

3) cÖvPxbiv cïwU nZ¨v Ki‡eb|

4) gnv cy‡ivwnZ c ©vi mvg‡b 7 evi i³ wQUv‡eb|

K) GwU mgvMg Zv¤^y‡K ïwP K‡i

L) cÖwZwK fv‡e Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q hvevi c_ Db¥y³ K‡i

M) a~c †ewì k„s‡Mi Dc‡i i³ ivLv nq

N) Drm‡M©i †ewì wfwË Aewkó i³ †X‡j †Ìqv nq

O) Gi me wKQzB †ewì Dc‡i DrmM© Kiv nq

P) Aewkó mKj cï wkwe‡ii evB‡i ïwP RvqMv‡Z wb‡q hvIqv n‡e, 12 c`, †hLv‡b †ewì QvB †X‡j

†Ìqv n‡Zv| †mLv‡b, cïi evKx Ask †cvovb n‡Zv| cïwU †cvovb n‡q‡Q GwU Zvi ¯§iYv_©K|

(3) †bZv‡ì Rb¨, 22-26 c`

K) †bZv (kvmK) 22-26 c`

1) †Mvwôi †bZv

2) mgv‡Ri `vwqZ¡evb e¨w³

3) cÖvPxb

L) cÖwµqv

1) †bZv GKwU cyiæl QvMj (eq¯‹, †jvgk) †ewì Kv‡Q Avb‡eb|

2) †bZv Gi gv_vi Dc‡i nvZ ivL‡eb|

3) †bZv cïwU‡K nZ¨v Ki‡eb|

4) gnv cyivwnZ †cvovb Drm‡M©i †ewki k„s‡M i³ ivL‡ebÑ Aewkó i³ Drm‡M©i †ewì wfwËi Dc‡i †X‡j

†Ìqv n‡Zv|

5) mKj Pwe© †ew`‡Z †cvovb n‡Zv|

6) cy‡ivwnZ Aewkó gvsm Lv‡eb|

(4) e¨w³i Rb¨, 27-35 c`

K) e¨w³i Rb¨ Ñ hLbB †m Rvb‡e †h Zvi cvc i‡q‡Q ZLbB †m GB DrmM© Ki‡e

L) cÖwµqv

1) e¨w³ GKwU ¿x QvMj ev †gl Avb‡eb|

2) e¨w³ Gi gv_vi Dc‡i nvZ ivL‡eb|

3) e¨w³ cïwU‡K nZ¨v Ki‡eb|

4) gnv cyivwnZ Drm‡M©i †ewki k„s‡M i³ ivL‡ebÑ Aewkó i³ Drm‡M©i †ewì wfwËi Dc‡i †X‡j †Ìqv

n‡e|

5) mKj Pwe© †ew`‡Z †cvovb n‡e|

6) cy‡ivwnZ Aewkó gvsm Lv‡eb|

(5) we‡kl †ÿ‡Î cvc Drm‡M© AšÍ©f~³, 5:1-13 (GLv‡b g‡b nq GKRb mn wbq‡gi Aaxb †jv‡Ki weiæ‡× B”QvK…Z cvc

AšÍ©f~³)

K) hw` †Kvb mvÿx mvg‡b GwM‡q bv Av‡m Ges mvÿ¨ bv †`q (Z_¨ w`‡Z e¨_© nq), 5:1

L) AïwP cï ¯úk© K‡i, 5:2

M) AïwP gvbyl ¯úk© K‡i, 5:3

N) kc_ K‡i †Kvb wKQz bv †f‡e e‡j, 5:4

47

O) D‡jøwLZ cvc mg~‡ni Rb¨ DrmM©:

1) ¿x QvMj ev †gl

2) `ywU eb¨ KeyZi ev `ywU NyNy

3) 1/10 Hdv myÿè m~Rx

(6) cvc Drm‡M©i ag©vbyôvb, 6:24-30

K) hv Aewkó Zv hvRK †L‡Z cv‡i|

L) hw` i³ Kvc‡o jv‡M Z‡e Kvco Aek¨B ay‡Z n‡e|

M) hw` i³ †Kvb gvwUi cv‡Î jv‡M, cvÎwU †f‡½ †dj‡Z n‡e|

N) hw` i³ wcZ‡ji cv‡Î jv‡M, cvÎwU ay‡Z n‡e|

O) hw` †cvovb Drm‡M©i i³ gnv cweÎ ¯’v‡b Avbv nq Zvn‡j gvsm Aek¨B †cvov‡Z n‡e Ges hvRK †L‡Z

cvi‡eb bv|

(7) cvc Drm‡M©i AšÍwb©wnZ Zvrch©

K) c~e© cwiKwíZ cv‡ci †Kvb DrmM© †bBÑ †KejgvÎ Awb”QvK…Z cvc ev AÁvbZvbkZ cv‡ci i‡q‡Q,

5:15,18|

L) ÿgvq wK wK AšÍ©f~³:

1) gvby‡li w`K †_‡K wek¦vm

2) Ck¦‡ii w`K †_‡K AbyMÖn

5. 5:14-19 Aa¨vq †`vlv_©K ev jsNb RwbZ DrmM©

K. f~wgKv

(1) hLb cvc DrmM© K…Z cv‡ci wel‡q KvR K‡i, †`vlv_©K DrmM© KvR K‡i wbq‡gi Aaxb mn †jv‡Ki ÿwZ Ges wK

ÿwZc~ib m¤¢e †m me welq wb‡q|

(2) cvc Ges jsNb DrmM© cÖvq GKB iK‡gi|

(3) e¨w³i AwaKvi `k AvÁvq cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q (hvÎv 20; wØ we 5)|

K) M„‡n

L) fvj mÂq

M) Rxeb

(4) GB DrmM© ¸iæZ¡ `vb K‡i cv‡ci d‡j Avgv‡ì fvB‡qi wK ÿwZ n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi Rb¨ hv ÿwZ n‡q‡Q Zvi

ÿwZc~iY g~j¨ mv‡_ 1/5 AwZwi³|

L. cv‡ci Avek¨KZvi DrmM©

(1) Ck¦‡ii ev hv wKQz Zuvi AwaKv‡ii Zvi weiæ‡×

K) cÖ_g dj

L) cÖ_g RvZ, 14-16

M) `kgvsk

N) mwVK fv‡e Dcnvi bv †Ìqv

O) Kg `vgx Dcnvi

(2) Òhw` †Kvb †jvK cvc K‡i Ges Ck¦i hv wKQz Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb Zvi †Kvb GKwU mvab bv K‡i, hwÌ †m Am‡PZb,

Z_vwc †m †`vwl, Avi Zvi kvw Í †m cvevi †hvM¨|Ó

P. cÖvPxb DrmM© mvab Kiv n‡Zv †ek K‡qKwU Kvi‡Y:

K. ivMx †èZv‡K kvšÍ Ki‡Z

L. ‡èZv‡K LvIqv‡Z

M. ‡èZvi mv‡_ mnfvwMZv ivL‡Z

N. GKwU cÖksmvi KvR

O. ÿgv jv‡fi ev cybwg©j‡bi cÖ‡qvRb A‡_©


K. GKwU mswÿß iƒc‡iLv 1. 1-16 Aa¨vq ÑÑ wKfv‡e GKRb cweÎ Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q GwM‡q †h‡Z n‡e?

2. 17-26 Aa¨vq ÑÑ wKfv‡e GKRb AweiZ GKRb cweÎ Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ mnfvwMZv iÿv K‡i †h‡Z cvi‡e?

L. †jL‡Ki wbR¯ eënv‡ii cwiwPwZg~jK m~Î, ÒGes m`vcÖfz †gvwk‡K (ev nv‡ivb‡K) ej‡jb...Ó

48

1. GUv n‡Z cv‡i Bw½Z w`‡”Q †h GB cÖKvwkZ welqmg~n eûKvj a‡i †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|

2. ‡h me RvqMvi m~ÎwU †`Lv hvq : 1:1-3:17; 4:1-5:13; 5:14-19; 5:20-26; 6:1-11; 6:12-16; 6:17-7:21; 7:22-38;

8:1-10:20; 11:1-47; 12:1-8; 13:1-59; 14:1-32; 14:33-57; 15:1-33; 16:1-34; 17:1-16; 18:1-3; 19:1-37;

20:1-27; 21:1-24; 22:1-16; 22:17-25; 22:26-33; 23:1-8; 23:9-22; 23:26-32; 23:33-44; 24:1-23; 25:1-

26:46; 27:1-34;

M. we¯ÍvwiZ iƒc‡iLv:

1. AïwPZv ywiKiY, 1-16 Aa¨vq

K. Drm‡M©i wbqg Kvbyb, 1:1-7:38

(1) †cvovb DrmM©, 1:3-17 Ges 6:8-13

(2) Lvevi DrmM©, 2:1-17 Ges 6:14-23

(3) g½j DrmM©, 3:1-17; 7:33 Ges 7:11-21

(4) cvc DrmM©, 4:1; 5:13 Ges 6:24-30

(5) †`vlv_©K DrmM©, 5:14-6:7; 7:1-10

K) YHWH Gi wbq‡gi weiæ‡× Awb”QvK…Z cvc, 4:1-35; 5:14-19

L) wbq‡gi mn Askx`v‡ii weiæ‡× B”QvK…Z cvc, 5:1-13; 6:1-7

(†jvK‡ì Rb¨ 1 Aa¨vq †_‡K 6:7 c`; 6 Aa¨vq 8 c` †_‡K 7 Aa¨vq 36 c` hvRK‡ì Rb¨)

L. hvRK‡ì ïwPKiY, 8:1-10:20

(1) Awf‡l‡Ki Rb¨ cÖ ‘ZKiY, 8:1-5

(2) †aŠZKiY, †cvlvK Ges Awf‡lK, 8:6-13

(3) Awf‡lKv_©K DrmM©, 8:14-32

(4) nv‡ivb‡K †gvwki †Ìqv wb‡ ©kbv, 9:1-7

(5) nv‡ivb Ges cyÎ‡ì Avi¤¢, 9:8-21

(6) nv‡iv‡bi †jvK‡ì I YHWH Gi Avkxe©v`

(7) Awen~ I bv`‡ei cvc, 10:1-3

(8) Zv‡ì fvM¨ Ges `ywiKiY, 10:4-7

(9) KZ©e¨ cvj‡bi mgq `ªvÿvim †_‡K mshg, 10:8-11

(10) Drm‡M© hvR‡Ki Ask, 10:12-20

M. ïwP Ges AïwP, 11-15 Aa¨vq

(1) cï, 11 Aa¨vq (wØ we 14:6-20)

(2) wkï Rb¥`vb, 12 Aa¨vq

(3) Pg© †ivM, 13-14 Aa¨vq

K) gvby‡li, 13:1-46

L) ‡cvlv‡Ki, 13:47-59

M) weï×KiY, 14:1-32

N) M„‡n, 14:33-53

O) Dcmsnvi, 14:54

(4) †`n †_‡K wKQz wb:m„Z nIqvi Rb¨ weï×Kib (cyiæl I ¿x‡jvK), 15 Aa¨vq

N. cÖvqwkË w`b (Yom Kippur), evrmwiK ïwPKiY w`b, 16 Aa¨vq (GwU g‡b nq P~ovšÍ n‡q‡Q 1-16 Aa¨v‡q)

(1) hvRKxq cÖ ‘wZ, 16:1-4

(2) gnv cy‡ivwn‡Zi Rb¨ cvc DrmM©, 16:5-10

(3) ag©vbyôvb, 16:23-28

(4) cï welqK AvBb, 16:29-34

2. Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ mnfvwMZv I cweÎZZvi cybiæ×vi, 17-26 Aa¨vq

K. Drm‡M©i i³, 17:1-16

L. agx©q I ˆbwZK gvb`Û, 18:1-2027

(1) AMg¨Mgb

(2) ‡hŠbZvi cvc

(3) kvw Í, 20 Aa¨vq

M. hvRK‡ì cweÎZv, 21:1-22:33

N. evrmwiK Dme w`‡bi cweÎZv, 23:1-24:23

49

(1) mveŸv_, 23:1-3

(2) wb Ívice© I Lvwgnxb iæwU, 23:5-8

(3) cÖ_g dj, 23:9-14

(4) dmj msMÖn, 23:15-24

(5) cÂvkËgx, 23:23-25

(6) cÖvqwðË w`b, 23:26-32 (†KejgvÎ Dcevm w`b)

(7) mgvMg Zv¤^y (KzwU‡ivrme), 23:33-43

O. we‡kl ermi, 25:1-55

(1) wekÖvgv_©K ermi, 2-7 c`

(2) Rywewj, 8-55 c`

K) Drme, 8-12 c`

L) Kvh©Ki, 13-34 c`

M) cÖ‡Z¨K wbqge× e¨w³ †hvM¨ Ges ¯vaxb, 35-55 c`

P. wbq‡gi Avkxe©v` I Awfkvc, 26:1-46

3. cwiwkó (kc_), 27:1-34

K. e¨w³, 1-8 c`

L. cï, 9-13 c`

M. Avem ’j, 14-15 c`

N. f~wg, 16-25 c`

O. cÖ_gRvZ, 26-27 c`

P. Drm‡M©i wRwbm, 28-39 c`

Q. `kgvsk, 30-34 c`

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. †jexq cy ÍK B ªv‡qj RvwZi agx©q I bvMwiK Rxe‡bi êa wfwËi wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q Ges hvR‡Ki f~wgKv m¤‡Ü| GwU hvÎv

cy Í‡Ki 25-40 Aa¨v‡q ewY©Z mgvMg Zv¤^yi eënv‡ii wb‡ ©kbv w`‡q‡Q|

L. GwU eY©bv Ki‡Q wKfv‡e GKRb cvcx gvbyl Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q †h‡Z cv‡i Ges wKfv‡e †m mnfvwMZv iÿv Ki‡Z cv‡i| ÒcweÎZvÓ nj

eB‡qi g~j welq (11:44{gw_ 5:48})|

M. PgrKv‡ii PgrKvi, Ck¦‡ii AvKvsL¨v †h cvcx gvbyl Zuvi Kv‡Q AvmyK Ges wZwb GKwU Dcvq w`‡q‡Qb, Zvnj Drm‡M©i c×wZ|

N. YHWH Gi êwkó¨ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q:

1. Drm‡M©i c×wZ †hvMv‡bvi gva¨‡g, 1-7 Aa¨vq (AbyMÖn)

2. HwZnvwmK Kv‡R, 8-10 Aa¨vq (b¨vq wePvi)

3. †jvK‡ì mv‡_ Zuvi AweiZ Dcw ’wZi gva¨‡g (wek¦ ÍZv)

IX. Uvg© Ges/A_ev kã¸”Q Ges e¨w³i mswÿß e¨vL¨v


1. cÖvqwðË, 1:4; 4:26 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. †mŠifv_©K Dcnvi, 1:9.13 (NIV, ‡mŠi‡f mš‘wó)

3. Awb”QvK…Z, 4:1,22,27; 5:15-18; 22:14 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. cyb ’vcb, 6:5 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. †`vjbxq Dcnvi, 7:30 (NIV, †`vjvb)

6. cweÎ (kadosh), 11:44 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. Kzô †ivM, 13:1 †_‡K K‡qKwU c` (NIV, msµvgK Pg© †ivM)

8. cvc enbKvix QvMj, 16:8 (NASB Ges NIV)

9. Qv‡Mi g›` AvZ¥v, 17:7 (NIV, QvM †èZv)

10. MYK we`¨v, 19:26 (NIV, hv`ywe`¨v)

11. Rzwewj, 25:30 (NASB Ges NIV)

50

L. e¨w³i mswÿß e¨vL¨v

1. bvè Ges Awen~, 10:1

2. Azazel, 16:8,10 (NIV, cvc enbKvix Qv‡Mi ) 3. †gvjK, 18:21; 20:2

X. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb Ñ bvB


1. Drm‡M©i c×wZ wK cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? †Kb Òi³Ó cÖvqB D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q, (3:17;7:26; 17:11)?

2. wKfv‡e GKwU cïi g„Zz¨ gvby‡li cv‡ci ÿgv Ki‡Z cv‡i?

3. †Kb cvuPwU Drm‡M©i g‡a¨ wZbwU †¯”QvK…Z?

4. nv‡iv‡bi †Q‡jiv wK K‡iwQj hv‡Z Zviv g„Zzï †hvM¨ n‡q c‡owQj?

5. ïwP I AïwP cïi g‡a¨ †Kb cv_©K¨ wQj?

6. B ªv‡q‡j cÖwZwôZ mKj Drm‡ei g‡a¨ cÖvqwðË w`‡bi wK PgrKvwiZ¡ wQj?

7. wekÖvg ermi I Rywewj erm‡ii wcQ‡b wK mZ¨ wQj?

51

52

53

MYbv cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO NUMBERS)

I. eB‡qi bvg

K. wneªæ‡Z (MT) wk‡ivbvg nj ÒcÖvšÍ‡i|Ó GwU cÖ_g kã bq wKš‘ GwU nj cÖ_g ev‡Kï cÂg kã| L. LXX G Gi wk‡ivbvg ÒMYbvÓ KviY 1-4 Ges 26 Aa¨v‡q yÕevi †jvKMYbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|


K. GwU nj wneªæ K¨vb‡bi cÖ_g wefv‡Mi Ask hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Ò‡ZvivÓ ev Òwkÿv¸wjÓ ev Òeë ’v|Ó



N. G‡Z AšÍf~©³ †gvwki Øviv K…Z m„wó †_‡K †gvwki Rxeb ch©šÍ GKwU Awew”Qbœ weeiY, Avw` cy ÍKÑwØZxq weeiY|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ Ñ GB eBwU hvÎv cy Í‡Ki gZ GKB iK‡gi| GwU nj HwZnvwmK eY©bv I AvBb Kvbyb welqK mv‡_ mv‡_ Balaam Gi

cÖvPxb KweZv AvKv‡i ˆèevYxi mgšq (MYbv 23-24)|


K. GwU nj wjwLZ Drm‡i bv‡gi †Zvivi cÖ_g eB, ÒYHWH Gi hy‡×i eB,Ó 21:14-15| GwU ¯úó fv‡e †`Lvq †h †gvwk Ab¨vb¨ Drm

eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb|

L. GB eB eY©bv K‡i‡Q †h †gvwk cÖvšÍ‡i åg‡Yi mgqKvjxb NUbvmg~n wjL‡Z cv‡ib ev wjwce× K‡i‡Qb|

M. MYbv cy ÍK AviI †hvMvb w`‡q‡Q ‡ek wKQz my¯úó m¤úv`bvi msKj‡Yi D`vniY w`‡q‡Q (m¤¢eZ wh‡nvk~q ev kg~‡qj):

1. 12:1,3 2. 13:22 3. 15:22-23 4. 21:14-15 5. 32:33 †_‡K K‡qKwU c` 6. 32:33 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`

N. †ewki fvM †ÿ‡Î †gvwk third person wnmv‡e D‡jøwLZ e¨wZµg †Kej mivmwi D×…wZ| GUv Bw½Z †`q †h †gvwk GB me wKQz

msKjb Ki‡Z AbywjwcKviK‡ì mnvqZv eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb|

O. GUv D‡jøL Kiv †ek gRvi †h MYbv cy ÍK `ywU A-B ªv‡qjxq mvwnZï †jLbx AšÍ©f~³ K‡i‡Q: (1) 21:27-30 c‡` (m¤¢eZ 30 c`,

wQj B ªv‡qjxq msKjb) Amorite taunt poem; Ges (2) 23-24 Aa¨v‡q evjv‡gi †gvqv‡ei ivRv evjv‡Ki mv‡_ K‡_vcK_b|

†m¸wj †`Lvq †h wjwLZ ev †gŠwLK welqmg~‡ni eënvi eB msKj‡b AšÍ©f~³ (The Book of the Wars of the Lord.)|

V. ZvwiL

a. eBwU wb‡RB Avgv‡ì ZvwiL w`‡q‡Q:

1. 1:1, 10:10 c` e‡j GwU wQj gnv cÖ ’v‡bi wØZxq erm‡ii wØZxq gvm| Gi c‡i 38 eQ‡ii cÖvšÍ‡i åg‡Yi mgqKvj wQj|

2. 9:1 c` e‡j GwU wQj gnv cÖ ’v‡bi wØZxq erm‡ii cÖ_g gvm|

b. gnv cÖ ’v‡bi mgq AwbwðZ| GUv‡ n‡Z cv‡i 1445 ev 1290 Lªxó c~e©|


K. MYbv cy ÍK †_‡K PviwU welq cvIqv hvq hv AwØZxq fv‡e cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Q wgkwiq ms¯‹…wZ:

54

1. ‡Mvwô Abymv‡i Beªxq‡ì wkwei ’vcb (MYbv 2:1-31; 10:11-33) Ges †Mvwô mg~‡ni AMÖhvÎvi mw¾ZKiY (MYbv 1-7)| GB

k„sLjvwU G‡Kev‡i wVK †miKg wQj †hfv‡e Rameses II Zvi wmwiqvb Awfhv‡b eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb hv Avgiv Armarna Texts †_‡K †R‡bwQ| 1300 Lªxó c~e© mgqKv‡ji GB Kbvbxq bw_cÎ, eY©bv K‡i‡Q Kbvb I wgk‡ii g‡a¨ mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK

Ges agx©q ms‡hvM| GwU AviI Zvrch©c~Y© †h wgkwiq mw¾ZKiY Ges eë ’vcbv cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q †hgb Avgiv †R‡bwQ Lªxó c~e©

cÖ_g mn ªv‡ãi Assyrian bas-reliefs †_‡K| Ak~wiqiv †MvjvKvi fv‡e wkwei ’vcb Ki‡Zv|

2. MYbv 10 Aa¨v‡qi iƒcvi Z~ix cÖwZcwjZ K‡i wgkwiq Drm| cÖZœZË¡we‡ìv we‡kl wKQz bgybv †c‡q‡Qb Tutankhamen AÂ‡j,

hvi ZvwiL 1350 Lªxó c~e©| GQvovI, GB iƒcvi Z~ix¸wji Armarna Texts Abymv‡i agx©q I †emvgwiK D‡Ï‡k¨ eënvi

cÖPwjZ wQj|

3. ‡Nvovq Uvbv i_ wgkwiqiv cÖPjb K‡iwQj Hyksos bv‡g GKRb whn~`x (Semitic) kvmK Øviv 15 Ges 16 ivRes‡k| lvo Uvbv

gvjevnx Mvwo wgk‡bi AwØZxq wQj| †m¸wj †`Lv wM‡qwQj Tuthmose III Gi 1440 Lªxó c~‡e© wmwiq Awfhv‡b| Kbv‡bi

†jv‡Kiv GB ai‡bi Mvoxi mv‡_ cwiwPZ wQj bv, m¤¢eZ KviY wQj Kbvb wQj eÜzi I ce©Zgq| GB ai‡Yi gvjevnx Mvox

hv‡Kve‡K Avbvi Rb¨ †cÖwiZ n‡qwQj (Avw` 45:19,21,27)| G¸wj AviI eëüZ n‡q‡Q Beªxq‡ì Øviv hvÎv cy Í‡K (MYbv 7:3,

6.7)|

4. Avi GKwU PgrKvi wgkwiq Dcv`vb hv Beªxqiv AbyKiY K‡iwQj Zv wQj m¤ú~Y© fv‡e `vwo †Mvd Kvgv‡bv hvRK (8:7)|

L. `ywU †jvK MYbv 1-4 Ges 26 Aa¨v‡q cvIqv hvq, G¸wj mgvšÍivj nj:

1. 1700 Lªxó c~‡e©i Mari djK|

2. wgk‡i cÖvPxi iv‡Rï mgqKv‡ji, 2900 -2300 Lªxó c~e©, GKwU bw_


K. †fŠMwjK †cÖÿvc‡Ui Dc‡i wfwË K‡i GKwU mswÿß iƒc‡iLv

1. cÖwZÁvZ †`‡ki w`‡K hvÎvi cÖ ‘wZ wmbvB ce©‡Z e‡m †bIqv, 1:1-10:10|

2. cÖwZÁvZ †`‡ki w`‡K hvÎv, 10:11-21:35

K. Kv‡`‡ki w`‡K, 10:11-12:16

L. Kv‡`‡k, 13:1-20:13

M. Kv‡`k †_‡K, 20:14-21:35

3. †gvqve mgf~wg‡Z NUv NUbvmg~n, 22:1-36:13

L. wek` iƒc‡iLv

1. R.K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament, pp. 614-615. 2. E. J. Young, An Introduction to the Old Testament, pp. 84-90. 3. NIV Study Bible, pp. 187-188.

M. MYbv cy ÍK we‡køl‡Y GKwU mgm¨v nj Gi welqmg~‡ni A¯vfvweK web¨vm; A_©vr, eë ’v I eY©bv Ges wewfbœ welqe ‘i Dcmsnv‡ii

wgkÖY| Gi KvVv‡gvi wel‡q †ek wKQz ZË¡ nj:

1. GwU wQj my¯úóiƒ‡c ÒZ_¨MZ Abygvb,Ó Gi cÖe³v‡ì Øviv eëüZ, J.E.D.P. GB eB‡K A‡bK HwZnvwmK bq Ggb, †gvwki

bq Ggb fv‡e wef³ Kiv|

2. J.S. Wright cÖ Íve K‡i‡Qb †gvwki welqe Í wj AbywjwcKviK‡ì mv‡_ civgk© K‡i Zvi Rxe‡bi †kl w`‡K msKwjZ Kivi|

MYbv cy Í‡Ki LÛ LÛ PwiÎ¸wj wjwce× n‡q‡Q wKš‘ ‡gvwki RxebKv‡j Zv ¸iæZ¡nxb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

3. Gordon J. Wenham (Tyndale Commentary on Numbers, p. 14-18) cÖ Íve K‡i‡Qb evB‡e‡ji welqe ‘i GKwU

wÎgyLx mgvšÍivj eëüZ n‡q‡Q hvÎv cy ÍK, †jexq cy ÍK Ges MYbv cy ÍK †_‡K, Ges †m¸wj‡K wZbwU hvÎvq m¤úwK©Z Kiv

n‡q‡Q: (1) wmbvB Gi c‡_ †jvwnZ mvMi; (2) wmbvB †_‡K Kv‡`k; Ges (3) Kv‡`k †_‡K †gvqve| GB Dfq Ki‡Z †h‡q

welqe ‘i m¤ú‡K©i Rb¨ ÒågY KiviÓ Ges Ò‡_‡g _vKvÓGi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mgvšÍivj n‡q‡Q NUbv‡Z| wZwb GB m¤ú‡K©

AviI e‡j‡Qb GB wÎgyLx mgvšÍivjev` Avw` 1-11; 12-15 Aa¨vq Ges wØZxq weeiY ch©šÍ| GwU g‡b nq †ek AvkvcÖ | GUv

Avgv‡ì †`Lvq †h cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï †jLK‡ì mvwnZ¨ KvVv‡gv ev bgybv wQj †hwU wbqš¿Y Ki‡Zv Zv‡ì mvwnZ¨ KvVv‡gv wKš‘

Avgv‡ì gZ cwðgv‡ì Kv‡Q Zv AÁvZ|

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

55

K. GwU Avw` cy Í‡K ïiæ nIqv HwZnvwmK eY©bivi avivevwnKZv| wKš‘ GwU Aek¨B g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h GwU †Kvb Òcwðgv BwZnvmÓ bq

eis wbKU cÖv‡Pï GKwU ag©ZvwË¡K BwZnvm| NUbvmg~n m¤úyY© fv‡e Kvjvbyµg Abymv‡i wjwce× nqwb eis wbe©vwPZ Ask cÖKvk K‡i‡Q

Ck¦i Ges B ªv‡qjxq‡ì PwiÎ|

L. GwU †`wL‡q‡Q Ck¦‡ii PwiÎ:

1. †g‡N Zuvi Dcw ’wZ †`Lv †M‡Q:

K. mgvMg Zv¤^yi Ògnv cweÎ ’v‡biÓ Dc‡i †gN Aew ’wZ Ki‡Zv, 9:15| Ck¦i GwU Ges Gi cÖwµqv MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb Ck¦i

gvby‡li wgwjZ nevi Rb¨ GKwU Dcvq I ’vb wnmv‡e!

L. †gN †jvK‡ì cwiPvjbv w`Z, 9:17-23| Ck¦i Zv‡ì m‡½ wQ‡jb, Ges Zuvi Dcw ’wZ w`‡q Zv‡ì cwiPvjbv w`‡Zb|

M. †gN Ck¦‡ii Dcw ’wZi cÖwZiƒc n‡q †gvwki Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Zb, 11:17, 25; 16:42-43|

N. †gN Ck¦‡ii wePvi I cÖKv‡k Zuvi Dcw ’wZi cÖwZK n‡q ùvwo‡qwQj, 12:1-8; 14:10|

O. †gN Ck¦‡ii Dcw ’wZi `„k¨gvb cÖwZK wQj †KejgvÎ B ªv‡q‡ji Kv‡Q bq eis Av‡k cv‡ki RvwZ‡ì Kv‡QI, 14:14;

23:21|

P. Ck¦‡ii Dcw ’wZi cÖwZwKKiY n‡qwQj †g‡N hvÎv cy Í‡K Ges cÖvšÍ‡i åg‡Yi mgqKv‡j, Gi eÜ n‡q †MwQj hLb

B ªv‡qjxqiv cÖwZÁvZ †`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡iwQj wKš‘ Zvic‡iI Ck¦i cÖwZwKfv‡e Zv‡ì mv‡_ wQ‡jb wm› y‡K, 35:34|

2. Zuvi `qv I AbyMÖn wQj:

K. Zv‡ì mv‡_ Zuvi AweiZ Dcw ’wZ wQj Zv‡ì Am‡šÍv‡li g‡a¨ Ges Zuvi †bZv‡ì cÖZ¨vLv‡b, 11:1; 14:2,27,29,36;

16:11,42; 17:5; 20:2; 21:5|

L. cÖvšÍ‡i Zv‡ì Rb¨ Zuvi †hvMvb wQj:

(1) Rj

(2) Lvevi

K) gvbœv (mveŸv_ Qvov cÖwZw`b)

L) †Kv‡qj cvLx (`yÕevi)

M) †cvlvK hv wQ‡o hvqwb

N) †gN

1) Qvqv

2) Av‡jv

3) c_ cÖ k©b

4) cÖZ¨v‡`k

M. Zuvi †gvwki ga¨ ’Zv kÖeY:

(1) 11:2

(2) 12:13

(3) 14:13-20

(4) 16:20-24

(5) 21:7

3. Zuvi b¨vq wePvi (cweÎZv) wQj:

K. B ªv‡qjxq‡ì 38 eQ‡ii kvw Í cÖvšÍ‡i åg‡Yi mgqKvj (14)|

L. †gvwki kvw Í wQj †m cÖwZÁvZ †`‡k cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv (20:1-13; 27:14; wØ we 3:23-29)|

M. ‡Kvin Ges iƒ‡e‡bi †bZvi g„Zz¨, (16:1-40)|

N. †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ gnvgvix †gvwk I nv‡iv‡bi †bZ…Z¡ A¯xKvi KivZ, (16:41-50)|

O. wkwU‡g e¨wfPvi Ck¦i Øviv wePvwiZ n‡qwQj †jexq‡ì nv‡Z †`vlx‡ì g„Zz¨ (25)|

M. wmbvB ce©‡Z †h‡nZz B ªv‡qjxqiv wbq‡gi Pzw³‡Z Ave× nq, †m‡nZz Zviv YHWH Gi wbf©i ivL‡e Ges †Kw›`ªq welq wnmv‡e Zuvi

evK¨ KwVb fv‡e cvjb Ki‡e|



1. mgvMg Zv¤^y, 1:1 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. gyw³cY, 3:46 (NIV, D×vi)

3. bvmwiq, 6:2 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. we‡`wk cÖevmx, 9:14 (NIV,we‡`wk)

5. †gN, 9:15 (NASB Ges NIV)

56

6. wek„sLj †jvK hviv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡Q,Ó 11:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. ÒZv‡ì Kvco wQoj,Ó 14:6 (NASB Ges NIV)

8. Kvc‡o Svji, 15:38 (NASB Ges NIV)

9. Sheol, 16:30 (NIV, Kei)

10. jvj evQzi, 19:2 (NASB Ges NIV)

11. R¡jšÍ mc©, 21:6 (NIV,welv³ mvc)

12. AvkÖq bMi, 35:6 (NASB Ges NIV)

13. i‡³i cÖwZ‡kva`vZv, 35:19,21 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. e¨w³i mswÿß e¨vL¨v:

1. K~kxqv ¿x‡jvK, 12:1 (NIV, ÒZvi K~kxqv ¿x)

2. AbvK, 13:28,33

3. wheylxq, 13:29

4. †Kvin, 16:1 (NIV, Ò†KvinÓ)

5. evjvg, 22:5

6. evj, 22:41

X. gvbwP‡Î Ae ’vb (msL¨v Øviv)

1. Bm‡Kvj DcZ¨Kv, 13:23 (wn‡eªv‡bi DË‡i)

2. ivR c_, 20:17

3. wcmMv ce©Z, 21:20

4. A‡b©vb b`x, 21:24

5. h‡eŸvK b`x, 21:24

6. Ak~i, 24:22

7. wkwUg, 25:1

8. wK‡bœir mvMi, 34:11 (NIV, ÒwK‡bœi_ mvMiÓ)


1. Ab¨vb¨ †Mvwô‡ì mv‡_ †jexq‡ì †Kb MYbv Kiv nq wb, 1:49?

2. wKfv‡e †jexqiv cÖ_gRvZ‡ì mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z. 3:12-13?

3. e¨wfPv‡ii cixÿv eY©bv Kiæb, 5:16 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`|

4. bvmwiq kc‡_i Rb¨ Avek¨Kxq wel‡qi ZvwjKv Kiæb, 6:1 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`|

5. wKfv‡e Avcwb 4:3 c‡ì mv‡_ 8:24 c` e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb?

6. ‡gvwk wK wjL‡Zb 12:3?

7. †Kb 40 eQi cÖvšÍ‡i ågYKvj w ’i K‡iwQ‡jb?

8. cvc Ges Drm‡M©i m¤ú‡K©i mv‡_ ÒAwb”QvK…ZÓ Uv‡g©i A_© wK †hwU cvIqv hvq 15 Aa¨v‡q?

57

9. 20 Aa¨v‡q †gvwki cvc wK wQj? Gi dj wK n‡hwQj?

10. evjv‡gi Mvav wK mwZ¨B K_v e‡jwQj? 22:28 c`| evjvg wK civgk© w`‡qwQj †h evjvK B ªv‡qj‡K civwRZ Ki‡e?

58

59

60

wØZxq weei‡Yi f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO DEUTERONOMY)

I. Zvrch©

K. GwU nj cyivZb wbq‡gi PviwU eB‡qi GKwU †hwU m‡e‡P‡q †ewk b~Zb wbq‡g D×…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q (Avw` cy¯‹K, wØZxq weeiY, MxZ

mswnZv, Ges whkvBq)| wØZxq weeiY 83 evi D×…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| L. cyivZb wbq‡g GwU Aek¨B hxïi GKwU wcÖq cy ÍK wQj:

1. cÖvšÍ‡i kqZvb hLb Zuv‡K cixÿv KiwQj ZLb wZwb evievi GB cy ÍK †_‡K D×…wZ w`w”Q‡jb (gw_ 4:1-16; j~K 4:1-13)|

2. GwU m¤¢eZ wQj ce©‡Z `Ë Dc‡`‡ki iƒc‡iLv, gw_ 5-7 Aa¨vq |

3. hxï wØZxq weeib 6:5 c` D×…Z K‡i‡Qb me‡P‡q eo Av‡`k e‡j, gw_ 22:34-40; gvK© 12:28-34; j~K 10:25-28|

4. cÖvqB hxï cyivZb wbq‡gi GB Ask D×…Z K‡i‡Qb (Avw` Ñ wØZxq weeiY) KviY Zuvi mg‡qi whn~`xiv G‡K K¨vb‡bi me‡P‡q KZ…©Z¡

c~Y© e‡j we‡ePbv Ki‡Zv|

M. GKwU byZb cwiw ’wZ‡Z Ck¦‡ii Øviv c~‡e©i cÖZ¨v‡`‡ki kv ¿xq cyb:e¨vL¨vi GwU Avgv‡ì cÖavb D`vniY| GKwU D`vniY n‡Z cv‡i

mvgvb¨ cv_©K¨ hy³ hvÎv 20 Aa¨v‡qi `k AvÁv ebvg wØZxq weeiY cuvP Aa¨v‡qi g‡a¨| hvÎv 20 Aa¨vq wQj hLb B ªv‡qjxqiv cÖvšÍ‡i

ågY KiwQj †m mg‡qi Avi wØZxq weeiY 5 Aa¨vq wQj hLb †jv‡Kiv Kbv‡b emZx ’vc‡bi cÖ ‘wZ wbw”Qj †m mg‡qi|

N. wØZxq weeiY, Gi wb‡Ri wee„wZ nj, †gvwki Øviv `Ë avivevwnK evZ©v:

1. B ªv‡q‡ji cÖwZ Ck¦‡ii wek¦ ÍZvi KvR AvMv‡Mvov eY©bv Kiv;

2. wmbvB ce©‡Z `Ë eë ’vi Dc‡i cybivq ¸iæZ¡ `vb;

3. Kbv‡b f~wg I K…wl welqK Rxe‡bi Gi cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ cyb:e¨vL¨v;

4. cÖwZÁvZ †`‡k wbq‡gi bevqb Drm‡ei Rb¨ cÖ ‘wZ (wh‡nvk~q);

5. †gvwki g„Zz¨ Ges wh‡nvk~‡qi cÖwZ ÿgZv n ÍvšÍ‡ii bw_cÎ

O. GQvovI wØZxq weeiY AvR‡K Gi mvwnZ¨ KvVv‡gvi Rb¨ ag©ZvwË¡¡K‡ì g‡a¨ weZ‡K©i †K›`ª| AvaywbK cwÛ‡Ziv wef³ Gi †c›UvUzK

welqK msKj‡bi Z‡Ë¡i Dc‡i|

II. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

K. wneªæ‡Z eBwUi wk‡ivbvg †c›UvUz‡K nj cÖ_g `kwU k‡ãi GKwU, mvaviYZ Zv‡ì cÖ_g kã: 1. Avw` cy ÍK, ÒAvw`‡ZÓ

2. hvÎv cy ÍK, ÒGes Zvn‡ì bvg GB GBÓ

3. †jexq cy ÍK, ÒAvi wZwb WvK‡jbÓ

4. MYbv cy ÍK, ÒcÖvšÍ‡iÓ

5. wØZxq weeiY cy ÍK, ÒGes GB mKj K_vÓ

L. Zvjgy‡` (Mishnah Hattorah on 17:18) G‡K e‡j Òeë ’vi cybive„wË|Ó

M. cyivZb wbq‡gi MÖxK Abyev‡`, hv‡K ejv n‡q _v‡K †mÞyqvwR›U (LXX) wjwLZ n‡q‡Q Lªxó c~e© 250 A‡ãi w`‡K, G‡K ejv n‡q‡Q

ÒwØZxq eë¯’vÓ KviY Gi 17:18 c‡ì fzj Abyev`|

N. Avgiv Avgv‡ì BsivRx wk‡ivbvg †c‡qwQ Jerome Gi j¨vwUi Vulgate †_‡K †hLv‡b G‡K ejv n‡q‡Q ÒwØZxq eë ’vÓ (Deutro-nomian)|

III. K¨vbb Kiv ev gÛjxi KZ…©cÿ Øviv ¯xK…Z Ñ GwU nj †Zvivi †kl eB †hwU MVb K‡i‡Q wneªæ K¨vb‡bi wZbwU fv‡Mi cÖ_gwU

K. †Zviv ev eë ’v ÑÑ Avw` cy ÍKÑwØZxq weeiY

L. fveev`x:

61

1. c~‡e©Kvi fveev`x ÑÑ wh‡nvk~qÑivRvejx (iæZ ev‡`)

2. cieZx© fveev`xÑÑwhkvBqÑgvjvLx (`vwb‡qj Ges wejvc ev‡`)

M. †jLbxmg~n:

1. Megelloth (5wU ¸Uv‡bv cy ÍK):

K. cigMxZ

L. Dc‡`kK

M. iæZ

N. wejvc

O. B‡ói

2. `vwb‡qj

3. cÖÁv mvwnZ¨:

K. B‡qve

L. MxZmswnZv

M. wn‡Zvc‡`k

4. 1 I 2 eskvejx

IV. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. wØZxq weeiY nj GKwU avivevwnK evZ©v, mv‡_ mvaviY cwiwPwZ I †gvwki g„Zzï mgvcwb eY©bv, †hwU R ©b b`xi c~e© cv‡o e‡m cÖwZÁvZ

†`‡k B ªv‡q‡ji cÖ‡e‡ki c~‡e© †gvwk w`‡qwQ‡jb|

L. GB eBwU‡Z AviI Av‡Q †gvwki cÖvPxb Mvb/MxZmswnZv, 31:30-32:43 c`|

M. Avw` 49 Aa¨v‡qi gZ, wØZxq weeiY 33 Aa¨vq nj hv‡Kv‡ei mšÍvb‡ì Rb¨ fveevYx|

N. GB eBwU‡Z AviI i‡q‡Q †gvwki g„Zzï weeiY, 34 Aa¨vq|

V. cy¯Í‡Ki iPwqZv

K. whû`x HwZn¨:

1. me©m¤§wZ‡Z M„wnZ cÖvPxb HwZn¨ nj †h †jLK wQ‡jb †gvwk|

2. GwU ejv n‡q‡Q:

K. Zvjgy`Ñ Baba Bathra 14b

L. Mishnah

M. Ben Sira Gi Dc‡`k‡Ki 24:23 (cÖvq 185 Lªxó c~‡e© wjwLZ)

N. Av‡jKRvw› ªqvi wd‡jv

O. Flavius Josephus 3. kv ¿ wb‡R:

K. wePvi 3:4 Ges wh‡nvk~ 8:31

L. Ò‡gvwk e‡j‡QbÓ:

(1) wØZxq weeiY 1:1,3

(2) wØZxq weeiY 5:1



(5) wØZxq weeiY 31:1,30



M. ÒYHWH †gvwk‡K ej‡jbÓ:

(1) wØZxq weeiY 5:4-5,22


62


N. Ò‡gvwk wj‡L‡QbÓ:

(1) wØZxq weeiY 31:9.22.24

(2) hvÎv 17:14

(3) hvÎv 24:4,12

(4) hvÎv 34:27-28

(5) MYbv 33:2

O. hxï wØZxq weeiY †_‡K D×…wZ w`‡q‡Qb ev c‡ivÿ fv‡e D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb Ges e‡j‡Qb Ò‡gvwk e‡j‡Qb/‡gvwk wj‡L‡QbÓ:

(1) gw_ 19:7-9; gvK© 10:4-5 Ñ wØZxq weeiY 24:1-4

(2) gvK© 7:10 Ñ wØZxq weeiY 5:16

(3) j~K 16:31; 24:27, 44; †hvnb 5:46-47; 7:19,23

P. †cŠj ‡jLK wnmv‡e †gvwki Dc‡i †Rvi w`‡q‡Qb:

(1) †ivgxq 10:19 Ñ wØZxq weeiY 32:21

(2) 1 Kwi 9:9 Ñ wØZxq weeiY 25:4

(3) MvjvZxq 3:10 Ñ wØZxq weeiY 27:26

(4) †cÖwiZ 26:22; 28:23

Q. wcZi Zvi ˆcÖwiwZK e³…Zvq †Rvi w`‡q †jLK wnmv‡e †gvwki K_v e‡j‡Qb Ñ †cÖwiZ 3:22

R. Beªxq cy Í‡Ki †jLK †gvwk‡K †jLK wnmv‡e e‡j‡Qb Ñ Beªxq 10:28; wØ we 17:2-6

L. AvaywbK cwÛZMY

1. 18 I 19 kZ‡Ki A‡bK ag©ZË¡we`, Graf-Wellhausen Gi eû †jL‡Ki ZË¡ (J.E.D.P.) AbymiY K‡i‡Qb, †Rvi w`‡q

e‡j‡Qb †h wØZxq weeiY †jLv n‡q‡Q whn~`vq †hwk‡qi ivRZ¡ Kv‡j Zvi AvwZ¥K ms¯‹vi‡K mg_©b w`‡Z hvRK/fveev`x‡ì Øviv|

Gi A_© n‡Z cv‡i †h eBwU Lªxó c~e© 621 A‡ãi w`‡K †gvwki bv‡g †jLv n‡q‡Q|

2. Zviv Gi wfwË K‡i‡Qb:

K. 2 ivRvejx 22:8; 2 eskvejx 34:14-15 c`| ÒAvwg m`vcÖfzi M„‡n eë ’vi eBLvwb cvBjvg|

L. 12 Aa¨vq Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q mgvMg Zv¤^y I cieZx©‡Z gw›`‡ii Rb¨ GKwU ’vb;

M. 17 Aa¨vq Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb cieZx© ivRvi;

N. GUv mZ¨ †h cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡P¨ Ges whn~`x cwigÛ‡j AZx‡Zi †Kvb weL¨vZ e¨w³i bv‡g eB †jLv Lye mvaviY welq wQj;

O. c×wZ‡Z, fvlvi eënv‡i Ges e¨Ki‡Y wØZxq weeiY I wh‡nvk~q, ivRvejx Ges whiwg‡qi g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q;

P. wØZxq weeiY †gvwki g„Zzï weeiY wjwce× K‡i‡Q, 34 Aa¨v‡q;

Q. †c›UvUz‡K my¯úófv‡e cieZx©‡Z m¤úvw`Z msKjb n‡q‡Q:



R. KLbI KLbI AcÖZ¨vwkZ cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq Bk¦‡ii bvg eënv‡i: El, El Shaddai, Elohim, YHWH, `„k¨Z GKB

iKg †cÖÿvc‡U I HwZnvwmK mgqKv‡j|

VI. ZvwiL

K. hw` †gvwki Øviv wjwLZ nq, ywU m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q wgki †_‡K gnv cÖ ’v‡bi mgq I w ’wZKv‡ji mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z:

3. hw` 1 ivRvejx 6:1 c‡ì A_© AvÿwiK fv‡e †bIqv nq c`‡K Zvn‡j cÖvq 1445 Lªxó c~e© (Thutmose III Ges

Amenhotep II Gi 18Zg ivResk)

K. LXX †Z Av‡Q 480 eQ‡ii cwie‡Z© 440 eQi|

L. msL¨vwU cÖwZdwjZ Ki‡Z cv‡i cÖRb¥ wKš‘ ermi bq (cÖwZwKfv‡e)|

4. 1290 Lªxó c~‡e©i cÖZœZvwË¡K cÖgvb hvÎv cy Í‡Ki Rb¨ (19Zg wgkwiq ivResk):

K. Seti I (1390-1290) wgk‡ii ivRavbx Thebes †_‡K AeevwnKv AÂjÑ Zoan/Tanis G ’vbvšÍi K‡iwQ‡jb|

L. Rameses II (129001224):

(1) Beªxq µxZ`vm‡ì Øviv wbwg©Z Zvi bvg enbKvix GKwU bMi, Avw` 47:11; hvÎv 1:11;

(2) Zvi 47wU Kb¨v wQj;

(3) wZwb Zvi eo cy‡Îi Øviv mvdj¨ jvf K‡ib bvB|

M. c¨v‡j÷vB‡bi mKj †Ìqvj †Niv bMix asm n‡qwQj Ges AwZ ªæZ cybwbwg©Z n‡qwQj cÖvq 1250 Lªxó cy‡e©i w`‡K|

L. AvaywbK cwÛZ‡ì G‡Ki AwaK †jL‡Ki ZË¡:

1. J (YHWH) 950 Lªxó c~e©

63

2. E (Elohim) 850 Lªxó c~e©

3. JE (combination) 750 Lªxó c~e©

4. D (Deuteronomy) 621 Lªxó c~e©

5. P (Priests) 400 Lªxó c~e©

VII. mgw_©Z Drmmg~‡ni HwZnvwmK Ae¯’vb

K. Lªxó c~e© 2q mn ªv‡ãi Hittite iPbvejx Avgv‡ì‡K w`‡q‡Q wØZxq weei‡Yi KvVv‡gvi cÖvPxb, HwZnvwmK mgKvjxb mgvšÍivj †mB

mv‡_ hvÎvÑ‡jexq, Ges wh‡nvk~q 24)| GB iPbvejxi bgybv Lªxó c~e© 1g mn¯ªv‡ã cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| GwU Avgv‡ì wØZxq weei‡Yi

HwZnvwmKZvi wel‡q cÖgvY w`‡q‡Q| GB †ÿ‡Î AviI Aa¨q‡bi Rb¨, †`Lyb G.E. Mendenhall's Law and Covenants in Israel and the Ancient Near East|

L. Hittite bgybv Ges Gi wØZxq weei‡Yi mgvšÍKivj:

1. f~wgKv (wØ we 1:1-5, e³vi cwiwPwZ, YHWH)

2. ivRvi AZx‡Zi Kvh©vejxi cybiv‡jvPbv (wØ we 1:6-4:49 c` B ªv‡qjxq‡ì Rb¨ Ck¦‡ii AZx‡Zi KvR)

3. Pyw³i kZ©vejx (wØ we 5:26):

K. mvaviY (wØ we 5-11)

L. mywbw ©ó (wØ we 12Ñ26)

4. Pzw³i djvdj (wØ we 27-29)

K. DcKvi (wØ we 28)

L. djvdj (wØ we 27)

5. Ck¦‡ii mvÿ¨ (wØ we 30:19; 31:19, GQvovI 32, †gvwki Mvb mv‡ÿï gZ KvR K‡i‡Q):

K. Ck¦‡ii gw›`‡ii AbyKiY;

L. AvbyM‡Zï c‡Îi Abywjwc evrmwiK cvV;

M. cieZx©Kv‡ji Aïwiq Ges wmwiq Pzw³ †_‡K Hittite Gi Pzw³i Abb¨Zv wQj:

(1) ivRvi AZx‡Zi Kv‡Ri HwZnvwmK cybiv‡jvPbv;

(2) Awfkv‡ci Ask KZ D”PvwiZ wQj|

VIII. mvwnZ¨ GKK (cÖm½)

K. eB‡qi cwiwPwZ, 1:1-5

L. cÖ_g e³…Zv, 1:6-4:43 (AvR‡Ki Rb¨ YHWH Gi AZx‡Zi Kvh©vejx):

M. wØZxq e³…Zv, 4:44-26:19 (AvR‡K Ges mKj mg‡qi Rb¨ YHWH Gi eë ’v):

1. mvaviY Ñ `k AvÁv (5-11)

2. mywbw ©ó D`vniY Ges cÖ‡qvMmg~n (12-26)

N. Z…Zxq e³…Zv, 27-30 (fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ YHWH Gi eë ’v 27-29):

1. Awfkvc (27)

2. Avkxe©v` (28)

3. Pzw³i ev wbq‡gi bevqb (29-30)

O. †gvwki †kl K_v, 31-33:

1. Òwe`vqxÓ e³…Zv, 31:1-29

2. †gvwki Mvb, 31:30-32:52

3. †gvwki Avkxe©v`, 33:1-29

P. †gvwki g„Zy¨, 34

IX. cÖavb mZ¨

64

K. cÖwZÁvZ †`‡k cÖ‡e‡ki c~‡e© P~ovšÍ cÖ ‘wZ| Ck¦‡ii Aeªvnv‡gi mv‡_ Pzw³ (Avw` 12:1-3) GKwU cÖwZÁvZ †`k Ges GKRb eskai|

cyivZb wbq‡gi jÿ¨ †`‡ki cÖwZ|

L. †gvwk †jvK‡ì cÖ ‘Z Ki‡Qb ’vqx K…wlwfwËK Rxe‡bi Rb¨ ebvi GKwU hvhve‡ii Rxeb †_‡K| wZwb wmbvB Pzw³ cÖwZÁvZ †`‡ki Rb¨

MÖnY Ki‡Qb|

M. eBwU Ck¦‡ii AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi wek¦ ÍZvi Dc‡i ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Q| Pzw³, hwÌ, kZ©mv‡cÿ! B ªv‡qjxq‡`‡i Aek¨B mvov

cÖ vb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges AweiZ wek¦vm, gb cwieZ©b I eva¨Zvq _vK‡Z n‡e| hw` †m Zv bv K‡i Z‡e 27-29 Aa¨v‡qi Awfkvc Zvi

Dc‡i ev Íe n‡q †`Lv †`‡e|

X. e¨w³, Uvg© Ges/A_ev kã¸”Q Gi mswÿß e¨vL¨v

K. Uvg© Ges kã¸”Q:

1. ÒAvwg ¯M© gZ© ‡K mvwÿ †g‡b ejwQ,Ó 4:26 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. ÒwcZvi Aciva mšÍvb‡ì Dc‡i...,Ó 5:9 (NIV, ÒwcZv‡ì Aciv‡ai Rb¨ mšÍvb‡ì kvw Í `vb Kwi Zv‡ì Z…Zxq I PZzZ© cyiæl

ch©šÍÓ)

3. Ò..wKš‘ mn ª eQi ch©šÍ `qv Kwi..,Ó 5:10( NIV, ÒwKš‘ Zv‡ì mn ª cyiæl ch©šÍ `qv KwiÓ)

4. Ò‡kvbv,Ó (Shema) 6:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. Ò‡Zvgvi Kcv‡ji ga¨ ’v‡b,Ó (†QvU Pvgovi ev· whû`x‡ì) 6:8 (NIV, ÒcÖwZK wnmv‡e...Ó)

6. Ò‡m¸wj †Zvgvi ìRvi †PŠKv‡V wj‡L ivL‡e,Ó (mezuza) 6:9 (NIV, ÒìRvi †d«gÓ)

7. Òwbwl× K…ZÓ herem, 13:17 (NIV, Ò‡h¸wj †`vlhy³ wRwbmÓ)

8. Ò¯Mx©q evwnwb,Ó 17:3 (NIV, ÒAvKv‡ki ZvivMYÓ)

9. ÒAv¸‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q MgbÓ 18:10 (NIV, ÒDrmM©Ó)

10. gva¨g, 18:11 (NASB Ges NIV)

11. D×vi, 21:8 (NASB Ges NIV)

12. Ò‡cÖgnxb,Ó 21:15 (NIV, ÒAb¨‡ì Rb¨ bqÓ)

13. ÒMv‡Q Uv½vb,Ó 21:23 (NASB Ges NIV)

14. ÒGKwU KzKz‡ii gRywi, Ó 23:18 (NIV, ÒAvq Kiv...cyiæl †ek¨vÓ)

15. ÒZvjvK cÎ,Ó 24:1 (NASB Ges NIV)

16. Òwb‡R‡K †Zj Øviv Awf‡lK,Ó 28:40 (NIV, †Z‡ji eënviÓ)


1. AbvKxg, 1:28 (NIV, ÒAbvKxqÓ)

2. widqxg, 3:11 (NIV, ÒivdvqxivÓ)

3. wnwËq, 7:1

4. Av‡mwig, 7:5 (NIV, ÒAv‡miv LywUÓ)

5. fveev`x, 18:15-22

6. whk~iƒY, 32:15; 33:5,26

XI. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb (msL¨v Øviv)

1. ‡nv‡ie ce©Z, 1:2,6,19; 4:10,15

2. †mwqi ce©Z, 1:2,44; 2:1,4,5,8,12,22 (GKwU ce©Z‡kÖYx)

3. Kv‡`k e‡Y©q, 1:46; 32:51 (NIV,ÒKv‡`kÓ

4. evmb, 1:4; 3:1,3,4,10,11,13; 4:43,47

5. Gjv_, 2:8 (Avqb-‡Mevi)

6. nv‡g©vY ce©Z, 3:8,9; 4:48

7. Gej ce©Z, 11:29; 27:4,13

65

8. Mwilxg ce©Z, 11:29; 27:12 9. †nvi ce©Z, 32:50 (hv‡ej nviæb)


1. wKfv‡e hvÎv cy ÍK Ges MYbv cy ÍK †_‡K wØZxq weeiY c„_K (mvwnZ¨ ixwZ)?

2. †Kb †gvwk hvÎvi cy Í‡Ki BwZnvm cybive„wË K‡i‡Qb?

3. Avcbvi mšÍvb‡K wkÿv †èvi Rb¨ †Kb GZ †idv‡iÝ (4:9; 6:7, 20-25; 11:19; 32:46)?

4. wKfv‡e wØZxq weeiY 5 Aa¨v‡qi AvÁvi weeiY hvÎv cy Í‡Ki 20 Aa¨v‡qi †_‡K Avjv`v?

5. ‡Kb Zviv e‡j‡Q †h Zv‡ì cweÎ Í¤¢mg~n a~wjmvr Ki‡Z Ges Zv‡ì Av‡kiv gywË© †f‡½ †dj‡Z (7:5)?

6. wKfv‡e 10:12-21 c` wØZxq weeiY‡K êwkó¨gq K‡i?

7. mgMÖ cyivZb wbqg e¨vL¨vq †Kb 27-29 Aa¨vq GZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?

8. †K †gvwki g„Zzï weeiY wjwce× K‡i‡Q (34)?

66

67

68

wh‡nvk~q cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO JOSHUA)

I. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

K. eBwUi bvg G‡m‡Q †gvwki DËimyix Ges GB eB‡qi cÖavb Pwi‡Îi bvg †_‡K|

L. Zvi bvgwU ywU wneªæ Uv‡g©i mgš‡q MwVZ: 1. YHWH (J plus a vowel) 2. cwiÎvY (Hoshea)

M. GwU G‡Kev‡i wVK †mB GKB wneªæ bvg †hgb hxïi (gw_ 1:21)|


K. wneªæ K¨vb‡bi cÖ_g fvM †hwU cwiwPZ Òfveev`xÓ e‡j Zvi cÖ_g eB nj wh‡nvk~q|

L. GB fvMwU `ywU As‡k wef³: 1. Av‡MKvi fveev`x hvi g‡a¨ AšÍf~©³ wh‡nvk~qÑivRvejx (iæZ ev‡`)

2. cieZx© fveev`x hvi g‡a¨ AšÍf~©³ whkvBqÑgvjvLx (`vwb‡qj I wejvc ev‡`)

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GB HwZnvwmK eB Avw` cy Í‡K Avi¤¢ nIqv Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì avivevwnK BwZnvm| GwU †Kvb cwðgv KvjvbyµwgK BwZnvm bq, wKš‘

GKwU wbe©vwPZ ag©ZvwË¡K BwZnvm| Gi gv‡b GB Bw½Z bq †h GwU mZ¨ ev mwVK bq, wKš‘ Gi gv‡b nj †h †jLK wbw ©ó wKQz welq

wbe©vPb K‡i‡Qb Ck¦i, gvbyl, cvc, cwiÎvb, BZ¨vw` wel‡q ag©ZvwË¡K mZ¨ wkÿv w`‡Z| GB A‡_© †m¸wj b~Zb wbq‡gi mymgvPvi I

†cÖwiZ cy Í‡Ki gZ GKB iK‡gi L. whn~`x‡ì BwZnvm P‡µi gZ wQj bv †hgb wQj Gi Pvicv‡ki cÖwZ‡ewk‡ì hvi wfwË wQj cÖK…wZi P‡µi Dc‡i, wKš‘ GwU wQj

Òag©ZvwË¡K|Ó Gi GKwU jÿ¨, GKwU D‡Ïk¨ wQj| Ck¦i GKwU c~e© wb×©vwiZ j‡ÿï w`‡K GwM‡q hvw”Q‡jb, A_©vr cwZZ PM‡Zi D×vi

(Avw` 3:15)|


K. HwZn¨MZ fv‡e GB eB‡qi †jLK wh‡nvk~q:

1. Zvi bvg Avm‡j †nv‡kqv (cwiÎvY), MYbv 13:8|

2. †gvwk Zvi bvg cwieZ©b K‡i †i‡LwQ‡jb wh‡nvk~q (YHWH Òn‡jbÓ cwiÎvY), MYbv 13:16|

3. †Kvb GK AÁvZ Kvi‡Y Zvi bvgwUi evbvb PviwU fv‡e Kiv n‡Zv:

K. yeshoshu'a, (cÖPwjZ) wh‡nvk~q 1:1

L. yehoshu'a, wØ we 3:21

M. hoshe'a, wØ we 32:44

N. yeshu'a, bwnwgq 8:17

L. Baba Bathra 14b e‡j‡Q †h wh‡nvk~q eBwU wj‡L‡Qb †KejgvÎ Zvi g„Zzï Ask ev‡` †h AskwU wj‡L‡Qb hvRK Bwj‡qli, 24:29-

30 c` Ges Zvi cyÎ, wcbnm (MYbv 25:7-13; 31:6-8; wh‡nvk~q 22:10-34), eBwU †kl K‡i‡Qb Bwj‡ql‡ii g„Zz¨ wjwce× K‡i,

24:31-33 c`|

M. gvbyl wh‡nvk~q:

1. wgk‡i µxZ`vm‡Z¡i mgq R‡b¥wQ‡jb

2. ev‡iv Rb ¸ßP‡ii g‡a¨ GKRb; †Kej gvÎ wZwb I Kv‡je wek¦v‡mi msev` G‡bwQ‡jb (MYbv 14:26-34)

69

3. mgMÖ hvÎv cy Í‡Ki AwfÁZvq ‡gvwki wek¦ Í mnvh¨Kvix| wZwbB wQ‡jb GKgvÎ e¨w³ whwb †gvwki mv‡_ wmbvB ce©‡Z D‡VwQ‡jb

(A×©© c_ Ñ hvÎv 13-14)|

4. B ªv‡qjxq ˆmb¨‡ì †mbvcwZ (hvÎv 17:8-13)

5. †gvwki DËim~ix wnmv‡e Kbvb wel‡q cwiPvjbv w`‡qwQ‡jb (wØ we 31:23)

N. wh‡nvk~‡qi †jLK‡Z¡i wKQz cÖgvY:

1. eBwU e‡j‡Q †h wh‡nvk~q †jvK‡ì mv‡_ Kiv Ck¦‡ii wbqg wjwce× K‡i‡Qb, 24:26, †mRb¨ Avgiv Rvwb †h wZwb wjL‡Z

cvi‡Zb|

2. GwU ¯úóZ Pvÿzl mvwÿi welq:

K. ÒAvgiv,Ó 5:1 (MSS cv_©K¨)

L. Òwh‡nvk~q Zv‡ì Z¡K‡Q` Ki‡jb,Ó 5:7-8

M. wh‡nvk~‡qi e¨w³MZ mvÿvr m`vcÖfzi `~‡Zi mv‡_, 5:13-15

N. Ò‡m (ivne) AvR ch©šÍ B ªv‡q‡ji g‡a¨ evm Ki‡Q,Ó 6:25 (GwU cieZx©Kv‡ji m¤úv`bv bq wKš‘ mgKvjxb Pvÿzl mvwÿ)

3. wZwb wKQz wjwLZ Drm eënvi K‡i‡Qb:

K. hv‡mi eB, 10:13 (2 kg~ 1:18)

L. ÒGKwU eB‡Z,Ó 18:9

4. cÖvPxb bMimg~‡ni bv‡gi mwVK ZvwjKv hv mgKvjxb †jL‡Ki wel‡q Lvc Lvq cieZx©© m¤úv`bv bq:

K. whiƒkv‡jg‡K wheyl ejv, 15:8; 18:16, 28

L. wn‡eªvb‡K wKwi‡qvr-Ae© ejv, 14:15; 15:13,54; 20:7; 21:11

M. wKwi‡qvr-whqvwig‡K evjvn ejv Ñ 15:9,10

N. wm‡`vb‡K D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q ˆdwbwKqvi cÖavb bMi e‡j, †mvi‡K bq, 11:8; 19:28, †hwU cieZx© Kv‡j cÖavb bMi

n‡qwQj|

5. wh‡nvk~q, †c›UvUz‡Ki gZB, wKQz m¤úw`Z m¤úv`bv i‡q‡Q:

K. wh‡nvk~‡qi g„Zz¨

L. cieZx©‡Z wn‡eªvb weRq, 14:6-15; 15:13-14

M. cieZx©‡Z ‡`wei weRq, 15:15, 49

N. `v‡bi DËi w`‡K P‡j hvIqv, 19:47

O. kã¸”Q ÒAvR ch©šÍÓ A‡bKevi †`Lv †M‡Q †hwU †`Lvq cieZx© msKjb, 4:9; 5:9; (6:25); 7:26 ( yÕevi); 8:28-29;

9:27; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10; 22:3

O. AvaywbK cwÛZMY:

1. wh‡nvk~q I †c›UvUz‡Ki g‡a¨ D‡jøL¨ mv`„k¨:

K. c×wZ

L. fvlvi eënvi

2. J, E, D, P Gi AbywgZ Z_¨ †`Lvq eBwU †jLv n‡q‡Q A‡b‡Ki Øviv `xN©Kvj a‡i:

K. J Drm wj‡L‡Q 1-12 Aa¨v‡qi Ask we‡kl †hwU GKK hy‡×i w`‡K jÿ¨ †i‡L‡Q (Lªxó c~e© 950-850)

L. E Drm wj‡L‡Q 1-12 Aa¨v‡qi Ask we‡kl †hwU HKë× Awfhv‡bi w`‡K jÿ¨ †i‡L‡Q (Lªxó c~e© 750)|

M. J Ges E Gi mgšq N‡U‡Q cÖvq Lªxó c~e© 650 A‡ãi w`‡K G‡Z †ewki fvM J ev` †Ìqv n‡q‡Q

N. eBwU cyb:m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q wh‡nvk~‡qi mg‡qi hvRK/fveev`x‡ì Øviv hviv wØZxq weeiY wj‡L‡Q| GB e¨w³ ev `j‡K ejv

nq Deutonomist Drm| GB Drm AviI wj‡L‡Q wØZxq weeiY 621 Lªxó c~‡e© wh‡nvk~‡qi ms¯‹v‡ii mg_©‡b hvi jÿ¨

wQj whiƒkv‡jgB nj GKgvÎ mZ¨ Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbvjq|

O. P Drm wQj GK`j hvRK hviv Lªxó c~e© 400 A‡ãi w`‡K 13-21 Aa¨vq wj‡L‡Q|

P. GQvovI AviI AbywgZ mshyw³ Lªxó c~e© Z…Zxq kZ‡K Kiv n‡qwQj|

3. jÿ¨ Kiæb Z‡Ë¡i c~e© AbywgZ aviYv! jÿ¨ Kiæb †h GwU wKfv‡e †jLbx‡K Gi HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU Ges †jLK †_‡K †K‡U‡Q|

GwU nj AvR‡Ki AvaywbK cÖ‡Póv AvaywbK mvwnZ¨ Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K cÖvPxb †jLbx‡K we‡kølY Kiv| hwÌ, GwU Aek¨B ewY©Z

n‡q‡Q:

K. wh‡nvk~q cy Í‡Ki iPwqZvi bvg ewY©Z nqwb|

L. wh‡nvk~‡qi g„Zz¨, †gvwki gZB, GB eB‡Z wjwLZ n‡q‡Q|

M. cyivZb wbq‡gi eB¸wji wKQz Pjgvb m¤úv`bv wQj|

N. Avgiv mw¾ZKi‡Yi cÖwµqv MÖnY Kwi hv cyivZb wbqg‡K AbycÖvwYZ wnmv‡e ˆZix K‡i‡Q|

O. Hexateuch Gi weiæ‡× cÖgvY| (Avw`-wh‡nvk~q):

(1) whn~`x HwZ‡n¨ ¯úó ¯vZš¿Zv i‡q‡Q †gvwki cuvPwU eB (†c›UvUzK) Ges wh‡nvk~‡qi g‡a¨ †hwU ïiæ n‡q‡Q wneªæ

K¨vb‡bi Òfveev`xÓ As‡k:

70

K) Dc‡`k‡Ki †jLK Ben Sira, wjwLZ n‡q‡Q Lªxó c~e© 185 A‡ãi w`‡K, cv_©K¨ m„wó K‡i‡Q, 48:22-45:12|

L) Falvius Josephus Zvi eB Contra Apioness 1:7 †_‡K K‡qKwU c` cv_©K¨ m„wó K‡i‡Q|

M) †c›UvUz‡Ki Masoretic Text (MT)Gi †kl AbywjwcKviK‡ì †bvU cv_©K¨ m„wó K‡i‡Q|

N) mgvRM„‡n mvßvwnK evB‡ej cvV hv‡K ejv n‡Zv Haphtaroth cv_©K¨ m„wó K‡i‡Q|

O) kgwiqiv †c›UvUzK‡K kv ¿ wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡iwQj wKš‘ wh‡nvk~‡qi eB‡K bq|

(2) Af¨všÍixY cÖgvb (Young, p 158):

K) wh‡nvk~q cy Í‡K pronoun Gi we‡kl eënvi i‡q‡Q hv †c›UvUz‡K †bB|

L) whwi‡nv bM‡ii bv‡gi evbvb Kiv n‡q‡Q wfbœ fv‡e|

M) Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ Dcvwa, ÒB ªv‡q‡ji Ck¦i,Ó wh‡nvk~‡q 14 evi †`Lv hvq wKš‘ †c›UvUz‡K KLYbB bq|

P. Avgv‡ì Aek¨B ¯xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e †h cyivZb wbq‡gi GB eB¸wji eZ©gvb Ae ’vq mw¾ZKi‡Yi wcQ‡b A‡bK wKQz

i‡q‡Q hv Avgiv Rvwb bv|

V. ZvwiL

K. GB eBwU cÖwZÁvZ †`k weRq m¤‡Ü Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q| †h‡nZz Avgiv gnv cÖ ’v‡bi I cÖvšÍ‡ii ZvwiL m¤‡Ü AwbwðZ, †m wnmv‡e Avgiv

weR‡qi ZvwiL m¤‡ÜI AwbwðZ:

1. 1445 Ñ 40 ÑÑ cÖvq 1400 Lªxó c~e© (1 ivRv 6:1)

2. 1229 Ñ 40 ÑÑ cÖvq 1250 Lªxó c~e© (cÖZœZË¡)

L. wh‡nvk~q wjwLZ n‡q‡Q ev m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q wePviKZ©KM‡Yi mgqKv‡j; wKQz bMi Zv‡ì bvg cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q B ªv‡qjxq weR‡qi c‡i|

GKwU D`vniY nj KYvbxq bMi †hdvZ, †hwU c‡i cwiewZ©Z n‡q n‡q‡Q ng©v, wePvi 1:16-17 c`| hwÌ, ciewZ© bvgwU cvV Avgv‡ì

wdwi‡q †bq wh‡nvk~q 12:14; 15:30; 19:4 c`|

M. R. K. Harrison aviYv K‡ib †h GwU wjwLZ n‡q‡Q kg~‡q‡ji Øviv `vqy‡ì ivR‡Z¡i mg‡q Ges GB kgy‡qj n‡Z cv‡ib wk‡jvi

HwZ‡nï Drm (Introduction to the Old Testament, p. 673.


K. cÖZœZË¡ †`wL‡h‡Q †h Kbv‡bi †ewki fvM †Ìqvj †Niv bMi asm n‡q‡Q Ges AwZ `ªæZ wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q cÖvq 1250 Lªxó c~e© A‡ãi w`‡K:

1. nv‡mvi

2. jvwLk

3. ‰e‡_j

4. `wei (Av‡M ejv n‡Zv wKwiqZ †mdi ev wKiZ †mdvi)

L. cÖZœZË¡ GLbI wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb ev cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb whwi‡nv cZ‡bi evB‡e‡ji weeiY| Gi KviY nj RvqMvwUi GB iKg

†envj `kvi Kvi‡Y:

1. AvenvIqv/Ae ’vb

2. cieZx©Kv‡j cyb:wbg©v‡b GLv‡bi cyivZb `ªe¨ mvgMÖxi eënvi

3. Í‡ii ZvwiL m¤¢‡Ü AwbðqZv

M. cÖZœZË¡ Gej ce©‡Z GKwU †ew` †c‡q‡Q †hwU m¤¢eZ n‡Z cv‡i wh‡nvk~q 8:30-31 c‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ (wØ we 27:2-9)| GUv

Mishnah (Talmud) cvIqv eY©bvi mv‡_ LyeB mv`„k¨c~Y©

N. Ras Shamra †U·U cvIqv †M‡Q Ugarit ‡Z †hwU †`Lvq 1400 Lªxó c~‡e©i Kbvbxq Rxeb Ges ag©:

1. eû †èZvi cÖK…wZi Avivabv (De©iZvi Avivabv)

2. El wQj cÖavb †èZv

3. El Gi m½x wQj (cieZx©‡Z †m Ba'al Gi mw½ nq)

4. Zv‡ì cyÎ wQj Ba'al (Haddad), S‡oi †èZv

5. Ba'al Kbvbxq mKj Avivabvi ÒcÖavb †èZvÓ n‡q c‡owQj| Anat wQj Zvi mw½|

6. Drme wQj wgk‡ii Isis Ges Osiris Gi Abyiƒc

7. Ba'al Gi Avivabvi jÿ¨ wQj ’vbxq ÒDPz RvqMvÓ ev cv_‡ii gÂ (†ek¨ve„wËi ag©vbyôvb)

71

8. Ba'al cÖwZwK fv‡e GKwU ùvo Kiv‡bv cv_‡ii Í¤¢ wQj (phallic symbol), Ab¨w`‡K Asherah ev Astarte wQj cÖwZwK

fv‡e †Lv`vB Kiv Kv‡Vi LuywU ev RxešÍ MvQ, †hwU cÖwZwKKiY Ki‡Zv ÒRxeb MvQ|Ó

O. cÖZœZË¡ GUv wbwðZ K‡i‡Q †h AÂ‡ji cÖavb mv¤ªvR¨ (wnwËq, wgkwiq Ges †gv‡mvc‡Uwgq) c¨v‡jóvB‡bi Dc‡i cÖfve we Ív‡i Aÿg

wQj GB mg‡q hv‡K Avgiv †eªvÄ hy‡Mi †kl w`K e‡j Rvwb (Lªxó c~e© 1550-1200)|

P. cÖvPxb bMimg~‡ni bv‡gi mwVK ZvwjKv mgKvjxb †jL‡Ki mv‡_ Lvc Lvq wKš‘ cieZx©Kv‡ji m¤úv`bv bq:

1. whiƒkv‡jg‡K wheyl ejv, 15:8; 18:16, 28 (15:28 c` ej‡Q wheywlq GLbI whiƒkv‡j‡gi GKwU Ask)

2. wn‡eªvb‡K wKwi‡qvr-Ae© ejv, 14:15; 15:13,54; 20:7; 21:11

3. wKwi‡qvr-whqvwig‡K evjvn ejv Ñ 15:9,10

4. `wei‡K wKwi‡qvZ-mvbvn ejv, 15:49

5. wm‡`vb‡K D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q ˆdwbwKqvi cÖavb bMi e‡j, †mvi‡K bq, 11:8; 19:28, †hwU cieZx© Kv‡j cÖavb bMi n‡qwQj|

Q. wh‡nvk~q 24 Aa¨vq mwVK fv‡e Lvc Lvq wnwËq‡ì Lªxó c~e© 2q mn ªv‡ãi Pzw³i bgybvi mv‡_ (wØZxq weei‡Yi gZ)|


K. †fŠMwjK MwZwewa GB eB‡qi iƒc‡iLv MVb K‡i‡Q:

1. †gvqv‡ei mgf~wg †_‡K ïiæ n‡q‡Q, 1-2

2. whwi‡nvi wbKUeZx© wMjM‡j R`©b b`x cvi nIqv, 3-4

3. ga¨ Kbv‡b mvgwiK Awfhvb, 5:1-10:15

4. `wÿY Kbv‡b mvgwiK Awfhvb, 10:16-43

5. DËi Kbv‡b mvgwiK Awfhvb, 11:1-23

6. †Mvwômgy‡ni g‡a¨ †`‡ki †fŠMwjK wefvM, 12-21

L. mswÿß iƒc‡iLv:

1. Kbvb weRq, 1-11

2. cÖwZÁvZ †`k †Mvwômg~‡ni g‡a¨ wefvM, 12-21

3. wh‡nvk~‡qi †kl K_v I g„Zz¨, 22-24

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. †`k m¤‡Ü Aeªvnv‡gi Kv‡Q Kiv cÖwZÁvi (Avw` 12:1-3) cÖwZ Ck¦‡ii wek¦ ÍZv I ÿgZvi cÖ k©b (Avw` 15-16)|

L. GwU Avw` cy Í‡K ïiæ nIqv BwZnv‡mi avivevwnKZv eRvq †i‡L‡Q Ges G‡K GKwU byZb mgqKv‡j wb‡q G‡m‡Q| GB mgqKv‡j,

†¯”Qvg~jK †MvwôMZ msMVb wQj †Kw›`ªq HKë× welq| †Kvb †Kw›`ªq kvmb wQj bv|

M. ÒcweÎ hy‡×iÓ (herem Ñ wb‡l‡ai Aax‡b) aviYv Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q g‡b nq Lye wbôzi wKš‘ Ck¦i B ªv‡qjxq‡ì Kbvbxq‡ì cv‡ci

weiæ‡× mZK© K‡iwQ‡jb| †h‡nZz Ck¦i Kbvbxq‡ì cv‡ci Kvi‡Y †`k †_‡K Zv‡ì ’vbvšÍi K‡ib, GQvov Ck¦i whû`x‡ìI DrcvUb

K‡iwQ‡jb †mB GKB cv‡ci Kvi‡Y (wbe©vmbÑAïi I evwewjh‡ì Øviv)|

IX. e¨w³, Uvg© Ges/A_ev kã¸”Q Gi mswÿß e¨vL¨v


1. b`xi AMfxi Ask 2:7 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. PKgwK cv_‡ii Qzwi, 5:2 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. Ò`y» gay cÖevwn †`kÓ 5:6 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. Ò‡Zvgvi cv`yKv Ly‡j †djÓ 5:15 (NIV, †Zvgvi cv †_‡K cv`yKv Ly‡j †djÓ)

5. ÒcweÎÓ (kadosh), 5:15

6. Òwb‡l‡ai Aax‡b,Ó (herem), 6:17 (NIV,Òwb‡ew`ZÓ)

7. Òm~h© wMwe‡qv‡b w ’i nBqv iwnj,Ó 10:12 (NASB Ges NIV)

8. ÒGB ivRv‡ì Mjvi Dc‡i †Zvgvi cv †Ì,Ó 10:24 (NASB Ges NIV)

72

9. (‡jexq‡ì bMix), 21:1-3 (NIV, Ò‡gvwk Av‡`k w`‡qwQ‡jb †h †Zvgiv Avgv‡ì evm Kivi gZ RvqMv †ÌÓ)

10. Òm`vcÖfzi `vm,Ó 24:29 (NASB Ges NIV)


1. ivne, 2:1

2. Òm`vcÖfzi ˆm‡bï Aa¨ÿ,Ó 5:14 (NIV, Òm`vcÖfzi ˆmb¨`‡ji KgvÛvi|Ó)

3. AvLb, 7:1

4. mjdv`, 17:3

5. cxbnm, 22:12

X. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb (msL¨v Øviv)

1. gnvmgy`ª, 1:4

2. wkwUg, 2:1

3. Av`g, 3:16

4. Aq, 7:1

5. wMwe‡qvb, 9:3

6. †b‡Mf, 11:16

7. Aivev, 11:16

8. wnm‡evb, 12:5 9. wgk‡ii b`x, (wadi al ‘arish), 15:4 (NIV, Òwgk‡ii Iqvw`Ó) 10. wn‡bœvg DcZ¨Kv, 15:8 (NIV, Ò‡eb wn‡bœvg DcZ¨KvÓ) 11. wkwLg, 17:7 12. gvwM‡Ïv, 17:11 13. wk‡jv, 18:1 14. †ei‡kev, 19:2


1. wKfv‡e Ck¦i wh‡nvk~‡q‡K DrmvwnZ K‡iwQ‡jb †hb †m †gvwki gZ KvR K‡i (1:1 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 5:13-15)?

2. e¨vL¨v Kiæb wKfv‡e wek¦v‡m B ªv‡qjxq‡ì wek¦v‡m R`©b b`x cvi n‡Z n‡qwQj (3)|

3. †Kb gvbœv eÜ n‡q wM‡qwQj?

4. †Kb B ªv‡qjxq ˆmbïv A‡q civwRZ n‡qwQj?

5. wKfv‡e wMwe‡qvwb‡qiv wh‡nvk~‡qi mv‡_ PvjvwK K‡iwQj?

6. GUv wK wbwðZ ‡h 10 Aa¨vq GKwU A‡jŠwKK KvR wQj? †Kb/‡Kb bq?

7. e¨vL¨v Kiæb †jexq‡ì bMi I AvkÖqbMi mgy‡ni g‡a¨Kvi m¤úK©|

8. 22 Aa¨v‡q wK mgm¨v N‡UwQj?

73

74

75

wePviKZ…©MY cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO JUDGES)

I. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

K. eBwUi wk‡ivbvg G‡m‡Q wneªæ Uvg© "shophetim" †_‡K hvi A_© Òwe‡iva wb¯úwË Kiv|Ó GB wneªæ Uvg© hvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©: 1. ÒivR cÖwZwbwaÓ Gi Rb¨ ˆdwbwKq Uvg© 2. ÒkvmKÓ Gi Rb¨ Av°vwWqvb Uvg©

L. GwU LXX G Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q "krital" ev wePviKZ©„©MY wnmv‡e

M. Vulgate Gi "judicum"†_‡K Avgv‡ì BsivRx wk‡ivbvg G‡m‡Q|

N. BsivRx wk‡ivbvg fzj c‡_ cwiPvwjZ KviY GB †jv‡Kiv wePvi c×wZ Abymv‡i KvR K‡i bv eis Ck¦i Øviv DwÌZ, Zuvi AvZ¥v Øviv kw³

cÖvß MwZkxj ’vbxq †bZvi gZ (3:10; 6:34; 11:29; 14:6,19; 15:14), GB wbw ©ó †jvK‡ì D‡Ïk¨ Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì we‡`kx

AZ¨vPv‡ii nvZ †_‡K gy³ Kiv (2:16)| GKwU Dchy³ wk‡ivbvg n‡Z cvi‡Zv ÒD×viKZ©vMY|Ó


K. eBwU wneªæ K¨vb‡bi wØZxq fv‡Mi wØZxq eB| G‡K ejv n‡q‡Q fveev`xMY|

L. GB wØZxq fvMwUi ywU Dc wefvM i‡q‡Q: 1. Av‡MKvi fveev`x hv‡K Avgiv ewj HwZnvwmK eB: wh‡nvk~qÑivRvejx (iæZ ev‡`)

2. cieZx© fveev`x hv‡K Avgiv ewj fveev`xMY: whkvBqÑgvjvLx (`vwb‡qj I wejvc ev‡`)

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ Ñ GwU cÖv_wgK fv‡e HwZnvwmK eY©bvg~jK


K. evB‡ej G wel‡q wbie

L. Baba Bathra 14b e‡j‡Q †h kg~‡qj eBwU wj‡L‡Qb †hwU Zvi bvg enb K‡i Ges wePviKZ…©MY I iæZ

M. GB eBwU A‡bK eQi mgqKvj Kfvi K‡i‡Q, †mRb¨, GKRb Pvÿyl cÖZ¨ÿ`kx© †jLK n‡Z cv‡i bv

N. GB eBwU msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q m¤¢eZ:

1. †ek wKQz AÁvZbvgv wjwLZ Drm †_‡K †hgb:

K. "The book of the Wars of the Lord" †hwU nj MYbv 21:14 c‡` D‡jøwLZ GKwU HwZnvwmK Drm

L. "The book of Jashar" †hwU nj wh‡nvk~q 10:13 Ges 2 kg~ 1:15 c‡` D‡jøwLZ Avi GKwU HwZnvwmK Drm

2. m¤¢eZ †ek wKQz †gŠwLK Drm †_‡K| mwVK †gŠwLK BwZnvm cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡P¨ cÖPwjZ wQj †hLv‡b wjwLZ wRwbm¸wj wQj Lye e¨q

mv‡cÿ Ges enb Kiv Kómva¨| Gi GKwU D`vniY n‡Z cv‡i:

K. 1 esk 29:29 c‡` Òkg~‡qj `k©‡Ki cy ÍK,.....bv_b fveev`xi cy ÍK,....Mv` `k©‡Ki cy ÍK

O. GUv g‡b nq †h g~j msKjbKvix wj‡LwQ‡jb hy³ ivRZ‡š¿i cÖ_g w`‡K:

1. cÖvqB †e_‡jn‡gi D‡jøL m¤¢eZ cÖwZdwjZ Ki‡Q `vqy‡ì mgq (17:7,8,9; 19:1,2,18 [`yÕevi)|

2. †ek wKQz †jLbx cÖwZdwjZ K‡i ivRZ‡š¿i mgqKvj GB kã¸”Q Øviv Ò‡mB mg‡q hLb B ªv‡q‡j †Kvb ivRv wQj bv

(17:6; 18:1; 19:1; 21:25)| Pvwiw`‡Ki RvwZM‡Yi ivRv wQj, hwÌ B ªv‡q‡ji wQj bv|

P. cÖgvY i‡q‡Q cieZx©Kv‡ji m¤úv`‡Ki:

1. 18:30 c` cÖwZdwjZ K‡i:

K. 722 Lªxó c~‡e© DË‡ii `k es‡ki Ak~ixq wbe©vmb

76

L. m¤¢eZ Gwji mg‡q c‡jw÷q‡ì Øviv wbqg wm› yK AwaKvi, 1 kg~ 1-7

2. whn~`x HwZn¨ †Rvi w`‡q ej‡Q †h whiwgq Ges/ev Aa¨vcK Blªv cyivZb wbq‡gi Ask we‡kl m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb| cyivZb wbq‡gi

eZ©gvb iƒ‡c mw¾ZKiYwU Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q nvwi‡q †M‡Q| hwÌ, G‡Z GB cyivZb wbq‡gi eB¸wji Hk¦ixK Aby‡cÖiYvq †Kvb cÖfve

c‡owb|

V. ZvwiL

K. hwÌ m¤¢eZ `vq~‡ì ivRZ¡Kv‡j msKjbKvix‡ì Øviv wjwLZ Z‡e GwU GB Bw½Z †`q bv †h HwZnvwmK welq¸wj Pvÿzl cÖZ¨ÿ`kx©‡ì

Kv‡Q †_‡K Av‡mwb| GB wel‡q `ywU fvj D`vniY i‡q‡Q:

1. 1:21 c‡` wheylx‡qiv ZLbI wheyl (c‡i whiƒkv‡jg) y‡M©i wfZ‡iB evm KiwQj| 2 kg~‡qj 5:6 †_‡K K‡qKwU c` ch©šÍ `vq~`

`yM©wU Rq Ki‡Z cv‡ib bvB|

2. 3:3 c‡` wm‡`vb, †mvi bq, ˆdwbwKqvi cÖavb bMi wnmv‡e ZvwjKvfzv³|

L. GB eBwU wh‡nvk~‡qi weR‡qi ci †_‡K kg~‡q‡ji Rb¥ ch©šÍ mgqKvj Kfvi K‡i‡Q| ïiæi ZvwiL wbf©i K‡i gnv cÖ ’v‡bi Zvwi‡Li

Dc‡i (Lªxó c~e© 1445Ñ1290), 1350 ev 1200 Lªxó c~e©| mgv‡ßi ZvwiL n‡Z cv‡i cÖvq Lªxó c~e© 1020, †hwU nj †kŠ‡ji ivR‡Z¡i

Avi¤¢ (Bright)|

M. wePviKZ…©M‡Y †Ìqv ZvwiL¸wj hw` †KD GKÎ K‡ib, Z‡e GwU n‡e 390-410 eQ‡ii g‡a¨| GwU mgqvbyµg wnmv‡e †bIqv †h‡Z

cv‡i bv KviY 1 ivRvejx 6:21 c‡` evB‡ej e‡j‡Q †h gnv cÖ ’v‡bi mgq †_‡K k‡jvg‡bi gw›ì wbg©v‡bi gaëZx© mgqKvj 480

eQi, Lªxó c~e© 965| Gi A_© wePviKZ©„MY cÖv_wgK fv‡e Aek¨B ’vbxq †bZv wQ‡jb Ges †mRb¨ Zv‡ì ZvwiL GKwUi Dc‡i Avi

GKwU wg‡k‡Q (overlap)|

VI. HwZnvwmK Ae¯’vb

K. wePviKZ…©M‡Yi Avi‡¤¢i Aa¨vq¸wj Avgv‡ì †`Lvq †h wh‡nvï‡qi weRq KZUv mxgve× wQj| wh‡nvk~q g~jZ Kbvbxq‡ì †Ìqvj †Niv

cÖavb bMi¸wj I Zv‡ì mvgwiK m¤¢vebv‡K civwRZ K‡iwQ‡jb| Ck¦i cÖwZwU †Mvwô‡K Zv‡ì wbR¯ †ÿ‡Î †ckvMZ kÖ‡gi KvR‡K

Zv‡ì Dc‡i †Q‡o w`‡qwQ‡jb, 2:6 c`| GB †KŠkj Avm‡Q wQj B ªv‡qjxq‡ì b~Zb cÖRb¥‡K cixÿv K‡iwQj hviv hvÎv cy Í‡Ki I

weR‡q Ck¦‡ii A‡jŠwKK KvR †`‡L bvB, 2:1-10;3:1 c`|

L. b~Zb cÖRb¥ cixÿvq e¨_© n‡qwQj, 2:11 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 3:7,12; 4:1; 6:1; 10:6; 13:1 c`| Ck¦i Zv‡ì cv‡ci cÖwZ mvov

cÖ vb K‡i we‡`wk AZ¨vPvwi‡ì nv‡Z Zuvi †jvK‡ì kvw Í w`‡qwQ‡jb| †jv‡Kiv gb cwieZ©b K‡iwQj Ges Ck¦‡ii mvnv‡hï Rb¨ µ›`b

K‡iwQj| Ck¦i GKRb ÒD×viKvix‡KÓ cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| Zvici A‡bK eQi †`kwU kvwšÍ‡Z wQj| GwU g~jZ bgybv wvQj hv wePviKZ…©M‡Yi

eB‡Z eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q, 2:6-16:31 c`| (Òcvc, ytL, Abybq, cwiÎvY|Ó)


K. GUv g‡b nq †h wePviKZ…©M‡Yi mgqKvj‡K ag©ZË¡MZ fv‡e wZbwU wfbœ fv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB wZbwU w`K eBwUi iƒc‡iLv MVb

K‡i‡Q:

1. wh‡nvk~‡qi weR‡qi djvdj

2. D×viKZ©v‡ì cÖ‡qvRb

3. ag© Z¨v‡Mi D`vniY

L. eBwUi mswÿß iƒc‡iLv:

1. weR‡qi GKwU mswÿß iƒc‡iLv, 1:1-2:5

2. Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì cvc, wePvi Ges D×vi, 2:6-16:31

3. Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì cv‡ci wZbwU D`vniY hv cÖKvk K‡i‡Q †mB mg‡qi ˆbwZK cwiw ’wZ:

K. wgLvi cÖwZgvc~Rv, 17

L. `v‡bi Ab¨‡`‡k P‡j hvIqv, 18

M. wMweqvi †hŠb cvc, 19-21

M. cÖavb wePviKZ…©MY I Zv‡ì kÎæiv:

77

bvg ‡U·U kÎæ kvwšÍi mgq (1) ev wePv‡ii

mgq (2)

1| A_wb‡qj 3:7-11 ‡g‡mvc‡Uwgqv

(K~kb-wiwkqv_wqg)

40 eQi (1)

2| Gn~` 3:12-30 ‡gvqve (BM‡jvb) 80 eQi (1)

3| †`‡eviv

(eviK)

4:1-24 (M`¨)

5:1-31 (KweZv)

Kbvbxqiv

(hvweb Ges kxliv)

40 eQi (1)

4| wMw`‡qvb 6 Ñ 8 wgw`qwbq Ges Agv‡jwKq 40 eQi (1)

5| whßn 10:17-12:7 A‡¤§vwbq (Ges Bd«wqg) 6 eQi (2)

6| wkgkb 13 Ñ 16 c‡jwóq 20 eQi (2)

N. AcÖavb ev ‡QvU wePviKZ…©MY:

bvg ‡U·U kÎæ wePv‡ii mgqKvj

1| kgMo 3:31 c‡jwóq ?

2| †Zvjq 10:1-2 c‡jwóq 23 eQi

3| hvwqb 10:3-5 c‡jwóq 22 eQi

4| Bemb 12:8-10 c‡jwóq 7 eQi

5| Gjb 12:11-12 c‡jwóq 10 eQi

6| Ae‡`vb 12:13-15 c‡jwóq 8 eQi

O. AwegjK, 9:1-57:

1. GKRb DccwZœi M‡f© wMw`‡qv‡bi cyÎ

2. †m †KejgvÎ GKwU bMi‡K cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj, wkwLg

3. †m Ab¨ mKj wePviKZ…©MY A‡cÿv wfbœ wQj

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. GB eBwU ¯úó fv‡e †`Lvq cZ‡bi avivevwnK djvdj:

1. GKwUi ci GKwU cÖRb¥ Pzw³ f½ K‡i‡Q Ges Kbvbxq De©viv ‡èxi AbymiY K‡i‡Q|

2. GgbwK cÖwZÁvZ †`‡kI, Ck¦&i Øviv †MvwóMZ RvqMvi wbiƒcb m‡Ë¡I, `vb †Mvwô Ck¦i †h c‡jwóq‡ì civwRZ Ki‡eb Zv‡Z wbf©i

bv †i‡L G‡Kev‡i DË‡i RvqMvq ’vbvšÍi K‡i|

L. Ck¦i †cŠËwjK †jvK‡ì eënvi K‡ib Zuvi †jvK‡ì `Û †èvi Rb¨(c‡i wmwiq, Avk~wiq Ges evwej)| GwU cÖwZdwjZ K‡i wØZxq

weei‡Yi 27-29 Aa¨v‡qi Awfkv‡ci wefvM|

M. GB eB †`wL‡q‡Q GKRb avwg©K ivRvi cÖ‡qvRb whwb HKë× †Mvwômg~n‡K cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|

N. GB eB Avw`cy Í‡K ïiæ nIqv whn~`x †jvK‡ì avivevwnK Pjgvb BwZnvm|



1. Zv‡ì e„×v½yj I cv‡qi e„×v½yj KvUv, 1:7 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. wk½v evRvb, 3:27 (NIV, Ò...Z~ixÓ)

3. †MvPvi‡Yi cvuPbx, 3:31 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. fveev`xwb, 4:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. Kzwo‡q msMÖn Kiv, 8:2 (NASB Ges NIV)

6. ÒMYK‡ì MvQÓ (terebinth), 9:37 (NIV,ÒG‡jvb e„ÿÓ)

7. wkeŸ‡j_, 12:6 (NASB Ges NIV)

78

8. Òhvnvi †Pv‡L hvnv fvj jvwMZ †m ZvnvB KwiZÓ 17:6; 18:1; 21:25 (NIV, ÒcÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †Pv‡L hv Dchy³ g‡b n‡Zv †m ZvB

Ki‡ZvÓ)

9. Ò‡ÿvw`Z cÖwZgvÓ (teraphim), 18:17 (NIV, ÒM„n †èZvÓ)

10. ÒA‡hvM¨ mnPiÓ (belial), 19:22 (NIV, Ò`yó †jv‡KivÓ)


1. wkliv, 4:2 5. Awe‡gjK, 9:1

2. eviK, 4:6 6. †K‡gvk, 11:24

3. hv‡qj, 4:17 7. `v‡Mvb, 16:23

4. †hiæeŸvwej, 6:32; 7:1 (NIV, Ò‡hiƒeÑevjÓ)


1. LRy©icyi, 1:16; 3:13 12. wkwLg, 9:1

2. Aiv`, 1:16 13. wgmcv, 10:17

3. ‰e‡_j, 1:22 14. A‡Y©vb b`x, 11:13

4. gvwM‡Ïv, 1:27 15. h‡eŸvK b`x, 11:13

5. †Mli, 1:29 16. wZgbvn,14:1

6. A‡°v, 1:31 17. Aw¯‹‡jvb, 14:19

7. nv‡mvi, 4:2 18. MvRv, 16:1

8. ivgv, 4:5 19. wk‡jv, 18:31 9. Zv‡evi ce©Z, 4:6 20. whe~l, 19:10 10. wK‡kvb b`x, 4:7 21. wMweqv, 19:12 11. whwlª‡qj DcZ¨Kv, 6:33


1. wh‡nvk~q 1-2 Aa¨v‡qi weR‡qi weeiY wePviKZ…©M‡Yi 1-2 Aa¨v‡qi †_‡K A‡bK Avjv`v?

2. †Kb B ªv‡q‡ji †Mvwôiv mKj Kbvbxq‡K †g‡i †dj‡e wKš‘ Zv‡ì mv‡_ †Kvb Pzw³ Ki‡e bv?

3. †Kb wKQz wKQz wePviKZ…©©MY‡K cÖavb ev eo Ges Ab¨‡ì AcÖavb ev †QvU ejv nq?

4. 4-5 Aa¨vq gwnjv †bZ…Z¡ eënvi K‡i Ck¦i m¤‡Ü wK ej‡Q?

5. 7 Aa¨v‡q †Kb Ck¦i †P‡qwQ‡jb wMw`‡qvb †hb Zvi ˆmb¨msL¨v Kg K‡i?

6. whßn wK Zvi †g‡q‡K Ck¦‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ DrmM© K‡iwQj(11:30-40)?

7. Ck¦i wKfv‡e wkgk‡bi gZ GKRb KvgyK †jvK‡K eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib?

8. `vb †Mvwôi RvqMv cwieZ©b †Kb GZ cvcc~Y© wQj?

79

80

81

iæZ cy Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO RUTH)

I. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

cy ÍKwUi bvgKib n‡q‡Q Gi cÖavb Pwi‡Îi bvgvbymv‡i, †gvqvweq iæZ, `vqy` Ges hxïi c~e©cyiæl, gw_ 1:5 c`|


K. eBwU wneªæ K¨vb‡bi Z…Zxq fv‡Mi Ask hv‡K ejv nq Ò‡jLbxmg~n|Ó

L. GQvovI eBwU we‡kl cvuPwU †QvU eB‡qi `‡ji Ask hv‡K ejv nq Megilloth ev ÒcuvP roll|Ó GB cvuPwU †QvU eB‡qi cÖ‡Z¨KwU:

iæZ, B‡ói, Dc‡`kK, k‡jvg‡bi cigMxZ Ges wejvc cvV Kiv nq wfbœ wfbœ Drme w`‡b| iæZ eBwU cov nq cÂvkËgx ev mßv‡ni

Drm‡e|

M. LXX ‡Z wePviKZ…©M‡Yi c‡iB iæZ| †hv‡ldvm Zvi Contra Apion, 1:8, e‡j‡Qb cyivZb wbq‡g †KejgvÎ 22wU eB| GUv GB

wPšÍv Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i †h wePviKZ©„MY Ges iæZ GKwU eB wnmv‡e MYvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| ‡mRb¨, eBwUi Ò‡jLbxmg~nÓ wefv‡M AšÍ©f~w³ n‡Z

cv‡i c‡i n‡q‡Q (Jerome)|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GB eBwU ¯úóZ HwZnvwmK eY©bvg~jK, msjv‡ci gva¨‡g ejv n‡q‡Q| 85wU c` Øiv eBwU iwPZ; GB msL¨vi, 50wUB msjvc| GB

eBwUi †jLK PgrKvi Mí ewj‡q wQ‡jb|

L. †Kvb †Kvb cwÛZ g‡b K‡ib GB eBwU GKwU bvUK, BwZnvm bq, KviY:

1. PwiÎ‡ì bv‡gi cÖwZwK A_©

K. gn‡jvb=Amy ’Zv

L. wKwj‡qvb=evwZj

M. Ac©v=k³-MÖxev

N. bqwg=Avgvi wg÷Zv

2. A‰ewkó¨gq Dcvq †h mKj PwiÎ LyeB f`ª

3. `„p agx©q wek¦vm wePviKZ…©M‡Yi mg‡q PwiÎ‡ì Øiv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q, 1:1


K. cyivZb wbq‡gi A‡bK eB‡qi gZB Gi †jLKI AÁvZ|

L. Baba Bathra 14

L

e‡j‡Q kg~‡qj Zvi eBwU wj‡L‡Qb Ges wePviKZ…©MY I iæZ| †h‡nZz iæZ 4:17,22 c` Bw½Z †`q †h `vq~`

mycwiwPZ wQ‡jb GwU g‡b nq mv`„k¨c~Y© bq wKš‘ Am¤¢eI bq|

M. iæZ 4:7 c` †`Lvq †h cieZx©Kv‡ji †jLK ev m¤úv`K GB kã¸”Q Øviv Òc~e©Kv‡j GBiƒc ixwZ wQj|Ó

V. ZvwiL

K. GB M‡íi NUbv¸wj N‡UwQj wePviKZ…©M‡Yi mgqKv‡j, 1:1 (1350 ev 1200 Lªxó c~e© †_‡K 1020 Lªxó c~e©)| GB Rb¨ m¤¢eZ eBwU‡K

LXX †Z wePviKZ…©M‡Yi c‡iB ivLv n‡q‡Q|

L. GwU Aek¨B N‡UwQj B ªv‡qj I †gvqv‡ei kvwšÍi mgqKv‡j:

1. GwU we®§qKi wePvi 3:12-30 c‡ì Av‡jv‡K|

2. hwÌ, †mLv‡b Aek¨B GB mg‡q kvwšÍ wQj, 1 kg~ 22:3-4 (A_©vr †kŠj)|

82

M. eBwU KLb †jLv n‡qwQj?

1. †jLvi ZvwiL ¯úóZB `vq~‡ì ivRZ¡Kv‡j, 4:17,22 c`| GB mZ¨ GB eB‡qi HwZnvwmKZv‡K wbwðZ K‡i‡Q †h `vqy‡ì

eskavivq GKRb †gvqvweqv bvix Zvi Kv‡Q †Kvb †mŠR‡bï wQj bv!(wØ we 23:3)

2. iæ‡Zi c×wZ Ges kã mg~n kg~‡qj mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© wKš‘ eskvewji mv‡_ bq

VI. Drm mgw_©Z HwZnvwmK Ae¯’vb ÑGB eB‡qi GKwU gvÎ w`K nj †h cÖZœZË¡ Avwe¯‹v‡i cvIqv †M‡Q cv yKv n ÍvšÍi GKwU êa wPý wQj

DËivwaKv‡ii AwaKvi n ÍvšÍ‡ii| GB GKB iKg cÖ_v cvIqv †M‡Q Nuzi dj‡K| G¸wj nj Lªxó c~e© wØZxq mn ªv‡ãi Akkadian

KxjKvK…wZ djK hv‡K Avgiv ewj Avw` wcZv‡ì mgqKvj|


K. bqwgi cwievi B ªv‡q‡ji Dc‡i Ck¦i `‡Ûi nvZ †_‡K cvwj‡qwQj Ges †gvqv‡e P‡j wM‡qwQj †hLvb mKj cyiæl †jvK gviv wM‡qwQj,

1:1-5 c`

L. bqwg Zvi †gvqvweqv cyÎ eay‡K m‡½ wb‡q †e_‡jn‡g wd‡i Av‡mb, 1:6-12

M. iæ‡Zi mv‡_ †evq‡mi †`Lv nq he msMÖ‡ni mg‡q| wZwb Zvi Dc‡i `qvjy nb, 2:1-23

N. bqwg Ges iæZ †evqm‡K AvKl©Y Kivi cwiKíbv K‡i Ges Zviv mdj nq, 3:1-18

O. †evqm bqwgi weKí nevi Rb¨ go'el nevi cÖv_wgK c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡ib, 4:1-22

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. GKRb ciRvwZ wek¦vmxi Ck¦i fw³i PwiÎ, 1:16-17

L. ¿x‡jvK‡ì Ck¦i fw³i PwiÎ, whn~`x I ciRvwZ Df‡qiB;

M. ivRv `vqy‡ì I ivRv gkx‡ni askavivq we‡`wk bvix Aš‘©f~³, gw_ 1:5, j~K 3:32, Ges Ck¦‡ii Øviv cwiKwíZ wQj|



1. Bd«v_xq, 1:2; 4:11 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. gviv, 1:20 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. me© kw³gvb (El Shaddai), 1:20 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. ÒZvi c‡ÿi bx‡P kiY jB‡Z AvwmqvQ,Ó 2:12 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. Hdv, 2:17 (NASB Ges NIV)

6. Nwbó AvZ¥xq, (go'el), 2:20; 3:9; 4:14, (NIV,ÒNwbó AvZ¥vxqÓ)

7. (levirate weevn), wØ we 25:5-10

8. ÒZvi cv Db¥y³ Kiv,Ó 3:4,7-8,14 (NASB Ges NIV)

9. ÒGKRb †jvK Zvi cv`yKv Ly‡j Ab¨‡K w`Z,Ó 4:7 (NASB Ges NIV)


1. Bwj‡gjK, 1:2

2. whkq, 4:22


1. ‡gvqve, 1:1

83

2. †e_‡jng, 1:2


1. wneªæ K¨vb‡b GB eBwUi D‡Ïk¨ wK?

2. †Kb GB cwievi B ªv‡qj †_‡K cvwj‡q wM‡qwQj?

3. e¨vL¨v Kiæb wKfv‡e go'el Uvg©wU levirate weevn cÖ_vi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z|

4. †Kb eBwU `vqy‡ì Rb¨ weeªZKi wQj?

84

85

86

1 I 2 kg~‡qj cy Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO I & II SAMUEL)

I. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

K. eBwUi cÖavb PwiÎ, kg~‡q‡ji bvg Abymv‡i bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvi bv‡gi A_©: 1. ÒZuvi bvg El,Ó †k‡gi Kv‡Q wd‡i hvIqv, 2. ÒEl Gi Kv‡Q hv”Tv,Ó (1 kg~ 1:20)

L. wZwb wQ‡jb: 1. GKRb wePviKZ©v Ñ 1 kg~ 7:6, 15-17 2. GKRb fveev`x Ñ 1 kg~ 3:20 (fveev`x‡ì g~jZ ejv n‡Zv Ò`k©K,Ó 1 kg~ 9:9; 1 esk 29:29 3. GKRb hvRK Ñ 1 kg~ 10:8; 16:5


K. GwU nj wneªæ K¨vb‡bi wØZxq fv‡Mi Ask hv‡K ejv nq fveev`x| GB fvMwU `ywU As‡k wef³: 1. c~‡e©i fveev`x, hvi g‡a¨ AšÍf~©³ Ñ wh‡nvk~q Ñ ivRvejx (iæZ ev‡`) 2. cieZx© fveev`x hvi g‡a¨ AšÍf~©³ whkvBq Ñ gvjvwL (`vwb‡qj I wejvc ev‡`)

L. wneªæ K¨vb‡b 1 I 2 kg~‡qj g~jZ GKwU eB wQj: 1. Baba Bathra 14

L

(MT Gi mgvwßi †bvU †KejgvÎ N‡U‡Q 2 kg~‡q‡ji G‡Kev‡i †k‡l) 2. Eusebius Ecclesiastical History. VII:25:2

M. †mÞzqvwR›U (LXX) eBwU‡K `ywU fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Q, m¤¢eZ Gi ˆ`‡N© i Kvi‡Y| GQvovI Gi HwZnvwmK bvgKiY n‡q‡Q †h wnmv‡e:

1. 1 kg~‡qj Ñ iv‡Rï cÖ_g eB (Vulgate G, 1 ivRvejx)

2. 2 kg~‡qj Ñ iv‡Rï wØZxq eB (Vulgate G, 2 ivRvejx)

3. 1 ivRvejx Ñ iv‡Rï Z…Zxq eB (Vulgate G, 3 ivRvejx)

4. 2 ivRvejx Ñ iv‡Rï PZz_© eB (Vulgate G, 4 ivRvejx)

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. eBwUi cÖv_wgK fv‡e Rxebxg~jK jÿ¨, HwZnvwmK eY©bv|

L. Gi A_© GwU wjwce× K‡i‡Q HwZnvwmK cÖ_v Ges NUbv †h¸wj Avek¨Kxq fv‡e mKj wek¦vmxi mgw_©Z!

M. GwU AvaywbK cwðgv BwZnvm wKš‘ GKwU cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï BwZnvm| Gi jÿ¨ wbe©vwPZ NUbvmg~‡ni Øviv ag©ZvwË¡K mZ¨ Ab¨‡ì

Rvbv‡bv| †mRb¨, GwU m~Zb wbq‡gi mymgvPvi I †cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© weeiwYi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©| GwU Aek¨B e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e GB

Av‡jv‡K: (1) wbe©vPb; (2) Lvc LvIqv‡bv; (3) mw¾ZKiY, Ges (4) Aby‡cÖiYvi Aaxb|

hwÌ, GwU AviI eY©bv Ki‡Z n‡e †h wneªæ Ges wnwËqiv wQj m‡e‡P‡q mwVK HwZnvwmK| Ab¨vb¨ cÖvPxb †jvK‡ì cÖeYZv

wQj weRq‡K evwo‡q ejv Ges civRq‡K ev` †Ìqv|

N. wbKU cÖv‡Pï mvwn‡Zï m¤ú` GLb cwÛZ‡ì Kv‡Q mycÖvc¨ AaywbK cÖZœZ‡Ë¡i gva¨‡g hviv my‡hvM K‡i w`‡q‡Q kg~‡qj cy Í‡Ki mvwnZ¨

ixwZi m¤¢ve¨ AšÍ© „wói, we‡kl K‡i 1 kg~ 15 Ñ 2 kg~ 8 Aa¨vq| we‡kl K‡i Lªxó 1200 A‡ãi wnwËq (Hittite) bw_cÎ hv‡K ejv nq

ÒApology of HallusitisÓ Gi mv‡_ kg~‡qi cy Í‡Ki A‡bK mv`„k¨Zv| GwU g~jZ GKwU byZb ivRes‡ki AvZ¥cÿ mg_©b, †hb

byZb kvmK †Kvb fv‡eB Avi GKR‡bi êa kvmb †Rvi K‡i AwaKvi Kivi †`v‡l †`vlx bv nb, (Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia, vol. 5 p. 259-260):

1. kw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi NUbv hv byZb ivRvi w`‡K cwiPvwiZ K‡i

2. cÖvqB NUbvi mvivsk aviY K‡i mwVK Kvjvbyµ‡gi cwie‡Z©

3. ¯úóZ †`Lvq Av‡MKvi kvm‡Ki A‡hvM¨Zv

87

4. byZb kvm‡Ki mvgwiK weRq¸wj †`Lvq

5. byZb kvm‡Ki w`‡b w`‡b evo‡Z _vKv RbwcÖqZv‡K cÖKvk K‡i

6. byZb kvm‡Ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ivR‰bwZK weevn bw_fz³ K‡i

7. b~Zb kvm‡Ki agx©q mg_©b I RvwZq we‡e‡K Pvc cÖ‡qvM

8. byZb ivRvi ivRZ¡ I Gi Hk¦ixK Avkxe©v` I kvmbMZ mvd‡jï mvivsk


K. whû`x HwZn¨ me mgqB `„p fv‡e e‡i‡Q †h kg~‡qj eBwUi †jLK:

1. Baba Bathra 14

L

e‡j‡Q †h kg~‡qj eBwU wj‡L‡Qb †hLv‡b Zvi bvg i‡q‡Q Ges GQvovI wePviKZ©„MY I iæZ wj‡L‡Qb|

2. eBwU wb‡RI e‡j‡Q †h kg~‡qi GwU wj‡L‡Qb (1 kg~ 10:25 [GwU mvaviYZ g‡b Kiv nq †hgb cÖ_g 12 †_‡K 15 Aa¨vq])|

3. cieZx© Kv‡ji whn~`x cwÛ‡Ziv ¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h, wØZxq weeiY I wh‡nvk~‡qi gZ, GB eBwUI Zvi cÖavb Pwi‡Îi g„Zz¨ wjwce×

K‡i‡Q, 1 kg~ 25:1; 28:3, Ges Zvi g„Zzï A‡bK w`b c‡ii NUbvI wjwce× K‡i‡Q| †mRb¨, Zv‡ì gZvgZ nj:

L. m¤¢eZ †jLK mivq, 2 kg~ 8:17, eBwU †kl K‡i‡Qb

M. m¤¢eZ Aweqv_i hvRK eBwU †kl K‡i‡Qb

N. m¤¢eZ mve~`, fveev`x bv_‡bi cyÎ (NIV), GwU m¤ú~Y© K‡i‡Qb (1 ivRv 4:5)

L. AvaywbK cwÛZMY:

1. GwU ¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h GB eB‡qi welqe ‘ NUbvi Pvÿzl mvÿxi KvQ †_‡K G‡m‡Q (Bright)|

2. GwU AviI ¯xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q ‡h me Drm eënvi Kiv n‡qwQj:

K. Òhv‡mi eB,Ó 2 kg~ 1:18

L. kg~‡q‡ji BwZe„Ë, 1 kg~ 10:25; 1 esk 29:29

M. bv_b I Mv` fveev`xi BwZe„Ë, 1 esk 29:29

N. mg‡qi Ab¨vb¨ BwZe„Ë, 1 esk 27:24

O. A‡bK AvaywbK cwÛZ GUv g‡b Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡ib †h kg~‡qj, bv_b Ges Mv` (1 esk 29:29) wZwbU eY©bvi †jLK wQ‡jb

†h¸wj bv_‡bi cyÎ me~` mgšq K‡i‡Qb (1 ivRv 4:5), hvi my‡hvM wQj ivRvi ìev‡i bw_cÎ fvÛ‡i cÖ‡ek Kivi|

3. kg~‡qj cieZx©Kv‡ji m¤úv`K‡ìI cÖgvY i‡q‡Q hviv kã¸”Q¸wj‡K cÖgvb Øviv e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb ÒAvR ch©šÍ,Ó (1 kg~ 5:5;

6:18; 27:6; 30:25; 2 kg~ 4:3; 6:8; 18:18)|

4. cÖgvY Av‡Q †h GB m¤úv`K ev m¤úv`‡Kiv Lªxó c~e© 922 (Bright) A_ev 930 (Harrison & NIV) A_ev 933 (Young)

A‡ã mshy³ ivRZš¿ wef³ nIqvi c‡i evm Ki‡Zb I KvR Ki‡Zb, DË‡ii 10 †Mvwô‡K ejv nq B ªv‡qj, Bd«wqg ev kgwiq

Ges `wÿ‡Yi wZbwU †Mvwó‡K ejv nq whn~`v (1 kg~ 11:8; 17:52; 18:16; 27:6; 2 kg~ 5:5; 24:1)|

5. kg~‡qj nj GKwU fvj D`vnib AvR‡Ki AvaywbK mgv‡jvPbvg~jK cwÛZiv †`L‡Qb mgwšZ mvwn‡Zï wPý wnmv‡e:

K. hvRK wnmv‡e Gwji cwiev‡ii †kl:

(1) 1 kg~‡qj 2:31 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`

(2) 1 kg~‡qj 3:1 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`

L. †kŠ‡ji Awf‡lK:

(1) †Mvcbxq, 1 kg~‡qj 9:26-10:1

(2) cÖKvk¨ (`yÕevi), 1 kg~‡qj 13:14; 15:23

M. †kŠ‡ji Kv‡Q `vq~‡ì cwiPq:

(1) 1 kg~‡qj 16:21

(2) 1 kg~‡qj 17:58

N. †kŠ‡ji ìevi †_‡K `vq~‡ì cjvqb:

(1) 1 kg~‡qj 24:3

(2) 1 kg~‡qj 26:5

O. `vq~` I †hvbv_‡bi wbqg:

(1) 1 kg~‡qj 18:3

(2) 1 kg~‡qj 20:16,42

(3) 1 kg~‡qj 23:18 P. Mv‡_i cÖwZ `vq~`:

(1) 1 kg~‡qj 21:10

(2) 1 kg~‡qj 27:1

Q. Mwjqv‡Zi asm:

(1) `vq~` Ñ 1 kg~‡qj 17:51

88

(2) Bwjnvbb Ñ 2 kg~‡qj 21:19

(3) 1 esk 20:5 c` g‡b nq †`Lvq †h MwjqvZ I Zvi fvB (jvnwg) GKB mgqKv‡j D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q

R. †kŠ‡ji iÿv cvIqv:

(1) 1 kg~‡qj 24:3 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`

(2) 1 kg~‡qj 26:5 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`

S. a‡i †bIqv mgvšÍivj wnmv‡e Ges/A_ev GKB iKg R.K. Harrison e‡j‡Qb, ÒGwU Aek¨B Avgvi D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq †h

evB‡e‡ji eY©bvq A‡bK mgw_©Z AmvgÄm¨ nj hZœ mnKv‡i bv cov ev KLbI KLbI B”QvK…Z fv‡e wneªæ †U·‡Ui fzj

e¨vL¨vi mivmwi djvdj... †hwU mwZ¨ ej‡Z wK mgv‡jvPbvc~Y© Kíbvq ïaygvÎ Aw ÍZ¡ i‡q‡Q,Ó Introduction to the Old Testament, p.703|

6. Avgv‡ì Aek¨B ¯xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e †h †jLK †K Zv AÁvZ (E.J. Young) Ges cyivZbb wbq‡gi GB eB¸wji msKjb

cÖwµqvI AÁvZ| hwÌ, AAgiv GLbI †Rvi w`‡q ej‡Z cvwi †h:

K. cÖwµqv Ck¦i Øviv cwiPvwjZ;

L. NUbv¸wj mwZ¨B HwZnvwmK Ges KvíwbK bq;

M. NUbv¸wji GKwU ag©ZwyË¡K PvwjKv kw³ i‡q‡Q|

V. ZvwiL

K. GB NUbv¸wj KLbI N‡U‡Q

1. 1 kg~‡qj †h mgqwU Kfvi K‡i‡iQ Zv nj kg~‡q‡ji Rb¥, Lªxó c~e© 1105 (NIV) †_‡K †kŠ‡ji g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ cÖvq (1011/10

Harrison Ges NIV; 1013 Young; 1000 Bright)|

2. 2 kg~‡qj †h mgqwU Kfvi K‡i‡Q Zv nj †kŠ‡ji g„Zy¨ cÖvq Lªxó c~e© 1011 †_‡K `vq~‡ì ivR‡Z¡i †kl ch©šÍ (971/70 Harrison; 973 Young; 961 Bright)| k‡jvgb cÖvq Lªxó c~e© 969 Aã †_‡K ivRZ¡ Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡ib|

L. eBwU KLb †jLv n‡q‡Q

1. 1 kg~‡qj 11:8; 27:6 c` †`Lvq †h AšÍZc‡ÿ GB eB‡qi eZ©gvb KvVv‡gvi wKQz Ask †jLv n‡q‡Q Lªxó c~e© 922 ev 930 A‡ã

mshy³ ivRZš¿ wef³ n‡q hvevi c‡i|

2. evi evi ejv kã¸”Q, ÒAvR ch©šÍ,Ó †`Lvq †h:

K. GB eB‡qi wKQz Ask ‡jLv n‡q‡Q GB NUbv¸wji A‡bK c‡i: 1 kg~ 5:5; 6:18; 27:6; 30:25; 2 kg~ 4:3; 6:8; 18:18

c`|

L. †h Drm¸wj eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b GB kã¸”Q AšÍ©f~³ wQj|

3. GB mgqKv‡ji ZvwiL wb×©vi‡Y GKwU mgm¨v nj 1 kg~‡qj 13:1 c‡ì †jLbx †hLv‡b ZvwiL †Ìqv n‡q‡Q †kŠ‡ji ivRZ¡Kvj

wKš‘ GwU ÿwZMÖ ’ n‡q‡Q fvlvšÍ‡i| ¯úóUZ GKwU msL¨v nvwi‡q †M‡Q|


K. 1 kg~‡qj wePviKZ…©M‡Yi mgqKv‡ji ˆbivR¨ I ˆbwZK Aeÿ‡qi avivevwnK BwZnvm:

1. cvc, ewnivµgY, ÿgvi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv, Ges Ck¦‡ii D×vi KvR wePvi 1-17 Aa¨v‡qi êwkó¨

2. wePvi 18-21 Aa¨vq wZbwU ˆbwZK Aeÿ‡qi D`vnvib ZvwjKvfz³ Kiv n‡q‡Q

L. GwU Ggb GKwU mgq wQj hLb wgki I †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi cÖavb mv¤ªvR¨ m¤úªmviY wfwËK wQj bv:

1. wgki:

K. †kl Avwèvwm wgkixq XX ivRes‡ki (Lªxó c~e© 1180-1065, Bright) ivRv wQ‡jb Rameses XI L. XXI ivResk (wgkixq bq) hv‡K ejv n‡Zv ÒTaniteÓ wQj cÖvq Lªxó c~e© 1065Ñ935 (Bright)

2. wZMør-wc‡jl‡ii c‡i Ak~wiqvi AeYwZ NU‡Z _v‡K (Lªxó c~e© 1118Ñ1078,Bright)

M. GK e„nr msL¨K c‡jwóq (Aegean Sea †jv‡Kiv), 1300 Lªxó c~‡e©i w`‡K wgki Awfhv‡bi †Póv K‡i, wKš‘ Zviv civwRZ n‡qwQj|

Zviv c¨v‡jóvB‡bi `wÿY cwðg †Kvbvq emwZ ’vcb K‡i 1250 Lªxó c~‡e©i w`‡K| Zviv wnwËq‡ì KvQ †_‡K †jvnvi hy‡Mi ‡KŠkj

Dbœqb K‡iwQj Ges Zviv wb‡R‡ì cvuPwU bM‡ii e„‡Ëi g‡a¨ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z mg_© n‡qwQj: Aw¯‹‡jvb, Am‡`v`, B‡µvY, Mv` Ges

MvRv| †m¸wj MÖxK bMi-iv‡÷ªi gZ msNe× wQj, cÖwZwU bM‡i Gi wbR¯ ivRv| cÖv_wgK iv‡Rï mg‡q Zviv B ªv‡qjxq‡ì cÖavb

kÎæ‡Z cwiYZ n‡qwQj|


89

K. cÖavb PwiÎmg~‡ni mswÿß iƒc‡iLv:

1. Gwj Ges kg~‡qj, 1 kg~ 1-7

2. kg~‡qj Ges †kŠj, 1 kg~ 8-15

3. †kŠj Ges `vq~`, 1 kg~ 16 Ñ 2 kg~ 1 Aa¨vq

4. `vq~‡ì ivRZ¡Kvj, 2 kg~ 2-12

5. `vq~` Ges DËimyixMY, 2 kg~ 13-20

6. `vq~` I Zvi ivR‡Z¡i mg‡qi wewfbœ welq, 2 kg~ 21-24

L. 1 I 2 kg~‡qj g‡b nq iƒc‡iLv K‡i‡Qb †jLK/m¤úv`K mvivs‡ki gšÍe¨ AšÍ©f~w³i Øviv

1. 1 kg~‡qj 7:15-17

2. 1 kg~‡qj 14:49-51

3. 2 kg~‡qj 8:15-18

4. 2 kg~‡qj 20:23-26

M. wek` iƒc‡iLv:

1. †`Lyb R.K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament, p. 695-696

2. †`Lyb E.J. Young, An Introduction to the Old Testament, p. 180-187

3. †`Lyb NIV Study Bible, p. 373 and 422

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. kg~‡qj ivRZš¿ MV‡bi gÂwU cÖ ‘Z K‡iwQ‡jb †hfv‡e †gvwk GKwU RvwZ cÖ ‘‡Zi gÂwU cÖ ‘Z K‡iwQ‡jb:

1. †gvwk wØ we 17:14-20 c‡` fwel¨r evYx K‡iwQ‡jb B ªv‡qjxq‡ì GKw`b ivR n‡e †hLv‡b wZwb eY©bv K‡i‡Qb avwg©KZvi ivRvi

†Kgb nIqv DwPr Ges †Kgb bq|

2. 1 kg~‡q‡j ivRv wb‡q GKwU D‡ËRbv i‡q‡Q:

N. †bwZevPK w`Kmg~n:

(1) ivRv wnmv‡e Zviv YHWH †K cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i‡Q, 1 kg~ 8:7; 10:19

(2) ÒPvicv‡ki RvwZ‡ì gZÓ Zviv GKRb ivRv PvB‡jv, 1 kg~ 8:5; 12:19-20

(3) GUv kg~‡qj‡K Amš‘ó K‡i; wZwb e¨w³MZ fv‡e wb‡R‡K cÖZ¨vwLZ g‡b K‡ib, 1 kg~ 8:6

O. BwZevPK w`Kmg~n:

(1) Zv‡ì GKRb ivRv w`‡q YHWH G Zuvi cÖwZÁv c~Y© K‡iwQ‡jb, 1 kg~ 8:7,9,22, Ò‡jvK‡ì ev‡K¨ KY©cvZ KiÓ

(2) byZb ivRv‡K Ck¦ifw³i wb‡ ©kbv RvbvI. 1 kg~ 8:9 (wØ we 17:14-20)

(3) ivRv †jvK‡ì D×vi Ki‡eb, 1 kg~ 9:16 (†hfv‡e †jvK‡ì cÖv_©bvq wePviK…Z©MY mvov cÖ vb K‡iwQ‡jb, 1 kg~

12:13)

L. kg~‡qj wee„Z K‡i‡Qb gnv hvRK I mgvMg Zv¤^yi †_‡K AvwZ¥K ÿgZvi weeZ©b fveev`xg~jK e³vi DÌv‡b cÖwZ| GUv mvov cÖ vb n‡Z

cv‡i:

1. Gwj I Zvi cwiev‡i Dc‡i Ck¦‡ii `Û, 1 kg~ 2:22-3:18

2. hvRK Ges fveev`x‡ì cÖwZ e¨w³MZ LuvwU wek¦vm Gi KvVv‡gv I ag©vbyôv‡bi g‡a¨ mgZvi cÖ‡qvR‡b

3. mvgwMÖK fv‡e hvRK Ges fveev`x DfqB wQ‡jb †jvK‡ì wbq‡gi ga¨ ’ZvKvix

4. †kŠj kg~‡qj‡K †`L‡Zb hLb `vqy` bv_b I Mv`‡K †`L‡Zb Ck¦‡ii B”Qv Aeavb Ki‡Z

M. 2 kg~‡q‡ji Z_¨vejx:

1. `vqy‡ì cÖwZ Ck¦‡ii gnvbyfeZv

2. `vqy‡ì mejZv I `ye©jZv

3. `vqy‡ì Dc‡i Ck¦‡ii `Û Zvi cvc I Gi cÖfve c‡o‡Q:

K. RvwZi Dc‡i

L. Dwi‡qi cwiev‡ii Dc‡i

M. er‡kevi mšÍv‡bi Dc‡i

N. `vqy‡ì mšÍvb‡ì Dc‡i

90

N. 1 Ges 2 kg~‡qj Avw` cy Í‡K ïiæ nIqv Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì BwZnv‡mi Pjgvb avivevwnKZv|

IX. Uvg© Ges kã¸”Q e¨w³i mswÿß e¨vL¨v


1. 1 kg~‡qj:

K. gmxbv-m~‡Îi G‡dv`, 2:18.28 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. ÒAvgvi k„½ DbœZ nBj,Ó 2:1,10 (NASB Ges NIV)

M. Ò`vb †Z‡K †ei‡kev,Ó 3:20 (NASB Ges NIV)

N. ÒevwnbxM‡Yi m`vcÖfz whwb KiƒeØ‡q Avmxb,Ó 4:4 (NIV, Òme©kw³gvb cÖfz, whwb KiƒeØ‡qi g‡a¨ AvmxbÓ)

O. ÒcÖ‡Z¨KRb Avcb Avcb Zv¤^y‡Z,Ó 4:10 (NASB Ges NIV)

P. ¯Y©gq ‡õvUK, 6:6 (NIV, Ò‡mvbvi AveÓ)

Q. Geb-Gli, 7:12 (NASB Ges NIV)

R. ÒAvcb g‡bi gZ GKRb,Ó 13:14 (NASB Ges NIV)

S. ÒB ªv‡qj †`‡k Kg©Kvi cvIqv hvBZ bv,Ó 13:19 (NASB Ges NIV)

T. Òewj`vb A‡cÿv AvÁv cvjb DËg,Ó 15:22 (NASB Ges NIV)

U. Òm`vcÖfz Aby‡kvPbv Kwi‡jb....,Ó 15:35 (NIV, Ò†kvK Kiv...Ó)

V. Òm`vcÖfz nB‡Z GK `yóz AvZ¥v Avwmqv Zvnv‡K DwØMœ KwiZ,Ó 16:14 (NIV, Òhš¿Yv `vbÓ)

W. ÒAvcb `vwoi Dc‡i jvjv ÿwi‡Z w`‡Zb,Ó 21:13 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. 2 kg~‡qj:

K. hv‡mi MÖš’, 1:18 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. wg‡jøv, 5:9 (NIV, Òmvnvh¨Kvix Qv‡ì Awj›` †_‡KÓ)

M. cv`wkiv, 8:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. mswÿßvKv‡i e¨w³i cwiwPwZ:

1. 1 kg~‡qj:

K. nvbœv, 1:1

L. ncwb I cxbnm, 1:3

M. BLv‡ev`, 4:21

N. Kxk, 9:1

O. †hvbv_b, 14:1; 19:1

P. gxLj, 14:49

Q. Ae‡bi, 14:50

R. MwjqvZ, 17:4

S. ‡`v‡qM, 21:7

T. Aweqv_i, 22:20

U. H-‡`v‡ii Wvqbx, 28:7 (NIV, Ògva¨g..Hb-‡`v‡iiÓ)

V. AweMj, 30:5

2. 2 kg~‡qj:

K. Bk-‡evkZ, 2:8

L. †hvqve, 2:13

M. A‡¤§vb, 3:2

N. Aekv‡jvg, 3:3

O. A‡`vwbq, 3:4

P. gwd‡evkZ, 4:4

Q. Dwlq, 6:3

R. Dwiq, 11:3

S. Zvgi, 13:5

T. mv‡`vK, 15:25

U. wkwgwq, 16:5

91


K. 1 kg~‡qj:

1. wKwiqr-whqvwig, 6:21

2. ivgv, 7:17

3. ‡ei‡kev, 8:2

4. hv‡el wMwiq`, 11:1

5. A yjøg ¸nv, 22:1

6. ‡bve, 21:1

7. Hb-M`x, 23:29

8. wmK¬M, 30:1

9. wMj‡evq ce©Z, 31:8

L. 2 kg~‡qj:

1. Aw¯‹‡jvb, 1:20

2. wn‡eªvb, 2:3

3. whlwi‡qj, 2:9

4. ‡Mli, 5:25

5. `‡¤§kK, 8:5

6. iveŸv, 12:27

7. Z‡Kvqv, 14:2

8. whe~lxq A‡iŠYvi Lvgvi, 24:16 (whiƒkv‡jg)


K. 1 kg~‡qj:

1. †Kb kg~‡q‡ji Rb¥ weeiY wjwce× n‡q‡Q wKš‘ †kŠj A_ev `vqy‡ì bq?

2. †Kb Ck¦i Gwj I Zvi cwievi‡K cÖZ¨vLvb K‡iwQ‡jb?

3. †Kb cxbnm I ncbx wbqg wm›`yK‡K hy‡× wb‡q †hZ?

4. †jv‡Kiv hLb ivRv †P‡qwQj ZLb kg~‡qj †Kb Amš‘ó n‡qwQ‡jb?

5. ivRv wnmv‡e †Kb †kŠj cÖZ¨vwLZ n‡qwQ‡jb?

6. Òm`vcÖfz nB‡Z GK `yóy AvZ¥vÓ e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

7. †Kb †kŠj `vq~`‡K †g‡i †di‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb?

8. †Kb †kŠj Hb-‡`v‡ii WvBbxi Kv‡Q wM‡qwQ‡jb?

9. wKfv‡e †kŠj gviv wM‡qwQ‡jb?

L. 2 kg~‡qj:

1. Ck-‡evk‡Zi g„Zz¨‡Z `vq~` †Kb ivM n‡qwQj?

2. Ae‡b‡ii g„Zz¨‡Z `vq~` †Kb ivM n‡qwQj?

3. †Kb `vq~` gdx‡evkZ‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jb?

4. †Kb Ck¦i Dwlq‡K †g‡i †dj‡jb?

5. 7 Aa¨v‡q `vqy‡ì Kv‡Q Kiv Ck¦‡ii cÖwZÁv †Kb GZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?

6. wKfv‡e er‡kevi mv‡_ `vq~‡ì cvc Zvi cwiev‡ii Dc‡i cÖfve †d‡jwQj?

7. mv‡`vK I Aweqv_‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

8. †jvK MYbv Kivq †Kb Ck¦i `vqy‡ì Dc‡i ivM n‡qwQ‡jb?

92

93

94

1 I 2 ivRvejx cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO I & II KINGS)

I. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

K. 1 I 2 kg~‡qj Ges 1 I 2 eskvejxi gZ, 1 I 2 ivRvejx eBwU wneªæ‡Z g~jZ GKwU eB| eBwU‡K ejv n‡q‡Q "Melakim" ev

ivRvejx| eBwU GB gh©v`v †c‡q‡Q GB mZ¨ †_‡K †h eBwU whn~`v I B ªv‡q‡ji ivRv‡ì BwZnvm Kfvi K‡i‡Q|

L. 1 I 2 kg~‡qj Ges 1 I 2 eskvejxi gZ, 1 I 2 ivRvejx eBwU cÖ_g LXX G `ywU fv‡e wef³ n‡qwQj| `„k¨Z, GwU Kiv n‡qwQj GB

eB¸wji ˆ`‡N© i Kvi‡Y| GwU GKwU mvaviY cvP©‡g‡›Ui †µv‡j Lvc Lvw”Qj bv Pvgovi IRb I AvKv‡ii Kvi‡Y| cÖ_g wef³ wneªæ

†U·U 1448 m‡bi Av‡M †`Lv hvqwb|

M. GB ywU eB‡qi wk‡ivbvg n‡q‡Q: 1. wneªæ‡Z Ñ ÒivRvejxÓ

2. LXX G Ñ 3 Ges 4 ivR¨

3. Vulgate G Ñ 3 I 4 ivRvejx (1 I 2 kg~‡qj wQj 1 I 2 ivR¨ Ges ivRvejx)


K. GB eB¸wj nj wneªæ K¨vb‡bi wØZxq fv‡Mi Ask hv‡K ejv nq Òfveev`x|Ó

L. GB fvMwU `ywU As‡k wef³: 1. c~‡e©i fveev`x †hLv‡b AšÍf~©³ wh‡nvk~q Ñ ivRvejx, iæZ Qvov, 2. cieZx© fveev`x †hLv‡b AšÍf~©³ whkvBq Ñ gvjvLx, `vwb‡qj I wejvc Qvov|

M. wneªæ cyivZb wbq‡gi eB¸wji ZvwjKv n‡Z cv‡i wneªæ inmëv‡ì Øviv cÖfvweZ|wneªæ eY©gvjvq 22 eY©| K‡qKwU eB GKÎ K‡i 22wU

eB n‡q‡Q:

1. wePviKZ©„MY I iæZ

2. kg~‡qj

3. ivRvejx

4. eskvejx

5. Blªv Ñ bwnwgq

6. whiwgq Ges wejvc

7. 12wU †QvU ev AcÖavb fveev`x|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GB eB¸wj g~jZ HwZnvwmK eY©bv mv‡_ cÖvqB †hme RvqMv †_‡K D×…wZ Kiv n‡q‡Q:

1. ìev‡ii bw_cÎ

2. fveev`x

L. hLb †KD kg~‡qj, ivRvejx I eskvejx GB wZbwU eB Zzjbv Ki‡e, ZLb wfbœ wfbœ iK‡gi HwZnvwmK eY©bv †`Lv hv‡e:

1. kg~‡qj g~jZ AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK| GwU jÿ¨ †i‡L‡Q Gi cÖavb PwiÎmg~‡ni Dc‡i:

K. kg~‡qj

L. †kŠj

M. `vq~`

2. ivRvejx g~jZ GKwU msKjb nj:

K. ivRKxq ìev‡ii bw_cÎ:

(1) Òk‡jvg‡bi eskvejx cy ÍK,Ó 1 ivRv 11:41

(2) Òwhû`vi ivRv‡ì eskvejx cy ÍK,Ó 1 ivRv 14:29; 15:7,23

95

(3) ÒB ªv‡q‡ji ivRv‡ì eskvejx cy ÍK, 1 ivRv 14:19; 15:31|

L. fveev`xg~jK welqe ‘:

(1) Gwjq

(2) Bwjkvq

(3) whkvBq (36-39 Aa¨vq)

(4) fveev`xg~jK I HwZnvwmK weei‡Yi cÖgvY ¯úó fv‡e †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i eskvejx‡Z:

K) 1 eskvejx 29:29

L) 2 eskvejx 9:29

M) 2 eskvejx 12:15

N) 2 eskvejx 13:22

O) 2 eskvejx 26:22

3. eskvejx g~jZ GKwU wbe©vwPZ ag©ZvwË¡K ivRvM‡Yi BwZevPK Dc ’vcbv:

K. mshy³ ivRZš¿|

L. whû`vi ivRMY


K. †hgb Av‡MKvi fveev`x‡ì †ewki fvM eB‡qi †ÿ‡Î †ZgbB 1 I 2 ivRvejx †K wj‡L‡Q †m wel‡qI evB‡ej bxie|

L. Baba Bathra 15

K

ej‡Q whiwgq Zvi eBwU wj‡L‡Qb, ivRvejx I wejvc:

1. GwU m¤¢e KviY 2 ivRvejxj †klvsk, 24:18-25:30 c` LyeB mv`„k¨c~Y©, wneªæ‡Z, whiwgq 52 Aa¨v‡qi cÖwZ|

2. GwU ¯úó †h †jLK whiƒkv‡jg cZ‡bi GKRb cÖZ¨ÿ`kx©|

M. ev Í‡e GB eB¸wj GKRb msKjbKvixi KvR †Kvb †jK‡Ki bq|

N. GwU AviI D‡jøL¨ †h msKjbKvix †ek K‡qKwU Drm eënvi K‡i‡Qb:

1. cÖ_g Drm wQj kv ¿| wZwb cÖvqB D×…wZ w`‡q‡Qb ev wØwZq weeiY Ges Ab¨vb¨ fveev`xi eB †_‡K c‡ivÿ D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|

2. ‡ek wKQz wjwLZ Drm wQj wbw ©ó fv‡e bvg¸wj:

K. Òk‡jvg‡bi Kvh©weeiwYi eB¸wj,Ó 1 ivRv 11:41

L. Òwhn~`v ivRM‡Yi eskvejxi eB¸wj,Ó 1 ivRv 14:29; 15:7,23

M. ÒB ªv‡q‡ji ivRM‡Yi eskvejxj eB¸wj,Ó 1 ivRv 14:19; 15:31

N. 1 esk 29:29 c‡` D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q ‡h fveev`x‡ì eB †_‡K wjwLZ weeeiY¸wj †bIqv n‡q‡Q: kg~‡qj, bv_b Ges Mv`|

GUv †`Lvq †h †gŠwLK HwZn¨¸wjI wjwLZ n‡q‡Q|

O. 1 I 2 ivRvejx‡Z i‡q‡Q wKQz m¤úv`Kxq mshyw³ ev msKjbKvix kã¸”Q D×…Z K‡i‡Qb ÒA`¨ ch©šÍÓ Zvi Drm †_‡K:

1. 1 ivRv 8:8

2. 1 ivRv 9:21

3. 1 ivRv 12:19

4. 2 ivRv 8:22

V. ZvwiL

K. GB eB‡qi NUbv¸wj †h mgq Kfvi K‡i‡Q:

1. `vq~‡ì g„Zz¨ †_‡K k‡jvg‡bi ivR‡Z¡i Avi¤¢ ch©šÍ:

K. Bright Ñ Lªxó c~e© 961

L. Harrison Ñ Lªxó c~e© 971/970

M. Young Ñ Lªxó c~e© 973

N. NIV Ñ Lªxó c~e© 970

2. evwewjq ivRv Evil Merodach ch©šÍ, GQvovI whwb cwiwPZ Amel-Marduk wnmv‡e, Lªxó c~e© 562-560 (Bright) 3. wKš‘ 2 ivRvejx eB gv`xq-cvi‡mï ivRv ÒgnvbÓ †Kvim‡K D‡jøL K‡i bvB, hvi †mbvevwnwb Lªxó c~e© 539 A‡ã evwewjq bMi

asm K‡i w`‡qwQj|

96

L. eBwU †jLv ev msKjb Kiv n‡qwQj evwewjq wbe©vm‡bi mgq ev Aíw`b c‡i †Kvb GK mg‡q|

M. ivRv‡ì ivR‡Z¡i ermimg~‡ni `xN©Zv GK mv‡_ †hvM Ki‡j Zv GZ `xN© Kvj nq †h Zv GB eB‡qi mgqKv‡ji mv‡_ Lvc †L‡q hvq|

Gi †ek wKQz a‡i †bIqv mgvavb i‡q‡Q:

1. ZvwjKvfz³ msL¨v mn ivR‡Z¡i weei‡Y MÖnY Kiv nqwb|

2. `ywU cwÄKv eëüZ nq‡Q:

M. cZ‡bi ci †_‡K cweÎ cwÄKvi Avi¤¢|

N. emšÍKv‡j agx©q cwÄKvi Avi¤¢|

3. hLb ivRv‡ì I eskvejx Zzjbv Kiv nq, GUv ¯úó †h wKQz wKQz AbywjwcMZ mgm¨v N‡U‡Q|

VI. Drm mgw_©Z HwZnvwmK Ae¯’vb

K. cÖZœZË¡MZ cÖgvY:

1. Mesha Stele, †hwU AviI cwiwPZ Moabite Stone bv‡g, wjwce× K‡i‡Q †gvqv‡ei ivRv Mesha Gi we‡`ªvn, B ªv‡q‡ji

weiæ‡× ivRv Aw¤ªi wVK c‡iB, (Lªxó c~e© 876-869, Bright; Lªxó c~e© 874/3, Harrison [2 ivRv 3:4])|

2. Aïwiq ivRv 3q kjg‡bl‡ii Black Obelisk (Lªxó c~e© 859-824 , Bright & Harrison):

K. Lªxó c~e© 853 A‡ã KK©‡ii hy× N‡UwQj Orontes b`x Zx‡i| 3q kjg‡bl‡ii Black Obelisk-G ‡_‡K cvIqv Z_¨

B ªv‡q‡ji ivRv Avnv‡ei bvg K‡i‡Q Ges Zvi GKwU kw³kvjx †mbvevwnwbi wel‡q e‡j‡Q (mv‡_ wmwiqv, 1 ivRv 22:1)|

GB hy‡×i K_v cyivZb wbq‡g wjwce× Kiv nqwb|

L. GUv †`Lvq †h B ªv‡q‡ji cieZx© ivRv †hû (Lªxó c~e© 842-815, Bright [2 ivRv 9-10]), Ki cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb Ges

Aïwiq‡ì mv‡_ ˆgÎx K‡i‡Qb| GUvI cyivZb wbq‡g wjwce× Kiv nqwb|

3. gvwM‡Ïv‡Z cvIqv 2 hviweqv‡gi mgqKv‡ji GKwU jasper seal(Lªxó c~e© 786-746, Bright; Lªxó c~e© 782-753, Harrison)

hviweqv‡gi bvg D‡jøL K‡i‡Q|

4. Khorsabad Annals eY©bv K‡i‡Q kgwiqvi ivRZ¡ I cZb †_‡K Sargon II (Lªxó c~e© 722-705) Lªxó c~e© 722 A‡ã (2

ivRv 17)|

5. Lªxó c~e© 701 A‡ã wnw¯‹‡qi ivR‡Z¡i mg‡q mvb‡nwi‡ei whiƒkv‡jg Ae‡iv‡ai weeiY (Lªxó c~e© 715-687, Bright [2 ivRv

18:13-19:37, whkv 36-39])|

6. mgw_©Z ZvwiL eënvi (Aïwiq Z_¨ Ges cyivZb wbqg): (1) KK©‡ii hy× (3q kj‡g‡bl‡ii B ªv‡qj I wmwiqvi weiæ‡×) Lªxó c~e©

853 A‡ã; Ges (2) m~h© MÖnY (Avïwiq Eponym ZvwjKv Ishdi-Sagale Lªxó c~e© 763); (3) 3q kj‡gbli‡K †hûi Ki

cÖ vb (Lªxó c~e© 841); ivRv‡ì mgqKv‡ji NUbvi ZvwiL wbwðZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

L. †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi kw³i GKwU mswÿß HwZnvwmK Rwoc (cÖv_wgK fv‡e John Bright's A History of Israel, p. 462 †_‡K

K‡qKwU cvZv wfwË K‡i ZvwiL eënvi Kiv n‡h‡Q):

1. Aïwiq mv¤ªvR¨ (Avw` 10:11):

K. ag© I ms¯‹…wZ Lye †ewk cÖfvweZ n‡qwQj my‡gwiq/evwewjq mv¤ªvR¨ Øviv|

L. a‡i †bIqv ZvwjKv kvmK I KvQvKvwQ ZvwiL:

(1) 1354-1318 Asshur-Uballit I: K) wnwËq bMi KK©gxk weRq

L) wnwËq cÖfve Acmvi‡Yi Avi¤¢ Ges Aïwiq cÖfv‡ei Dbœqb

(2) 1297-1266 Adad-Nirari I (kw³kvjx ivRv)

(3) 1265-1235 1g kjg‡ibli (kw³kvjx ivRv)

(4) 1234-1197 Tukulti-Ninurta I - evwewjq mv¤ªv‡Rï `wÿY ch©šÍ cÖ_g weRq

(5) 1118-1078 1g wZMør-wc‡jli

- Aïwiqv †g‡mvc‡Uwgqv‡Z cÖavb kw³‡Z cwiYZ n‡qwQj|

(6) 1012-972 2q Aïi-iwe

(7) 972-967 Ashur-Resh-Isui II (8) 966-934 2q wZMør-wc‡jli

(9) 934-912 2q Aïi-`vb

(10) 912-890 Adad-Nirari II (11) 890-884 Tukulti-Ninurta II (12) 883-859 Asshur-Nasir-Apal II

97

(13) 859-842 3q kjg‡bli

KK©‡ii hy× 853 A‡ã

(14) 824-811 5g kjg‡bli-A`v`

(15) 811-783 Adad-Nirari III (16) 781-772 4_© kjg‡bli

(17) 772-754 3q Ak~i-`vb

(18) 754-745 Ashur-Nirari V

(19) 745-727 3q wZMør-wc‡jli:

K) Zvi evwej‡bi wmsnvm‡bi bv‡g cwiwPZ, Pul, 2 ivRv 15:19

L) Lye kw³kvjx ivRv

M) wewRZ †jvK‡ì wbe©vwmZ Kivi cwjwm ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb

N) Lªxó c~e© 735 A‡ã, MwVZ nq ÒSyro-Ephramatic LeagueÓ †hwU wQj transjordan RvwZmg~n

BD‡d«wUm † ªv‡Zvaviv †_‡K wgki ch©šÍ cÖvß mKj mvgwiK Drmmg~n GKwÎZ Kivi GKwU cÖ‡Póv D‡Ïk¨ wQj

Avïwiq mvgwiK kw³i DÌvb‡K e¨_© Kiv| whn~`vi ivRv Avnm G‡Z Ask MÖn‡b A¯xKvi K‡ib Ges B ªv‡qj

I wmwiqv Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb whkvBq fveev`xi (2 ivRv 16; whkv 7-12) civg‡k© mvnv‡hï Rb¨

3q wZMør-wc‡jli‡K cÎ wj‡LwQ‡jb|

O) 732 A‡ã 3q wZMør-wc‡jli AµgY K‡i wmwiqv I B ªv‡qj‡K civwRZ K‡ib Ges B ªv‡q‡ji wmsnvm‡b

GKRb Ki` ivRv, †nv‡kq‡K emvb (732-722)| DË‡ii ivR¨ †_‡K nvRvi nvRvi whn~`x gv`xqv‡Z

wbe©vwmZ nq (2 ivRv 15)|

(20) 747-722 5g kjg‡bli

K) †nv‡kqv wgk‡ii mv‡_ GKwU ˆgÎx M‡o †Zv‡jb Ges Aïwiqv Øviv AvµvšÍ nb (2 ivRv 17)

L) Lªxó c~e© 724 A‡ã kgwiqv Ae‡iva Kiv nq

(21) 722-705 2q mviMb:

K) 5g kjg‡bli Øviv ïiæ nIqv wZb eQ‡ii Ae‡iv‡ai c‡i Zvi DËim~ix 2q mviMb B ªv‡q‡ji ivRavwb

kgwiqv Rq K‡ib| 27,000 R‡biI †ewk †jvK‡K gv`xqv‡Z wbe©vwmZ n‡qwQj|

L) wnwËq mv¤ªvRÏ weRq n‡qwQj|

M) 714-711 A‡ã RvwZmg~n Ges wgk‡ii Avi GKwU HK¨ Ak~wiqvi weiæ‡× we‡ ªvn K‡i| GB HK¨

ÒAshdad RebellionÓ wnmv‡e cwiwPZ| GgbwK whn~`vi wnw¯‹qI g~jZ AšÍf~©³ wQ‡jb| Aïwiqiv AvµgY

K‡i Ges †ek K‡qKwU c‡jwóq bMi asm K‡i †`q|

(22) 705-681 mb‡nwie:

K) 705 A‡ã transjordan RvwZmg~n I wgk‡ii Avi GKwU HK¨ 2q mviM‡Yi g„Zzï c‡i we‡ ªvn K‡i|

wnw¯‹q m¤ú~Y© fv‡e GB we‡`ªvn‡K mg_©b K‡ib| 701 A‡ã mb‡nwie Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡iwQ‡jb| we‡ ªvn

P~Y© Kiv n‡qwQj wKš‘ whiƒkv‡jg Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Ri Øviv †invB †c‡qwQj (whkv 36-39 Ges 2 ivRv 18-19)|

L) mb‡nwie GQvovI Gjg I evwe‡j we‡ ªvn `gb K‡iwQ‡jb|

(23) 681-669 Gkvi`b:

K) cÖ_g Ak~wiq kvmK whwb wgki AvµgY K‡i Rq K‡iwQ‡jb

L) evwe‡ji Dc‡i gnv `qv Abyfe K‡ib Ges Gi ivRavbx cybwbg©vY K‡ib

(24) 669-663 Ag~i evwbcvj:

K) GQvovI Zv‡K WvKv n‡Zv A œài e‡j Blªv 4:10 c‡`|

L) Zvi fvB Shamash-shum-ukin †K evwe‡ji ivRv Kiv n‡qwQj| GwU †ek wKQz erm‡ii kvwšÍ G‡bwQj

Ak~wiqv I evwe‡ji g‡a¨ wKš‘ ¯vaxbZvi Rb¨ GKwU AšÍcÖevn wQj †hwU cÖKvk cvq 652 A‡ã hvi †bZ…‡Z¡

wQj Zvi fvB|

M) _xem Gi cZb Lªxó c~e© 663 A‡ã

N) Gj‡gi civRq, Lªxó c~e© 653, 645 Aã

(25) 633-629 Asshur-Etil-Ilani (26) 629-612 Sin-Shar-Ishkun

(27) 612-609 Asshur-Uballit II: - Lªxó c~e© 614 A‡ã Av‡ki Ges 612 A‡ã bxbexi cZ‡bi c‡i ivRv‡K nvi‡Y wbe©vwmZ Kiv nq|

2. Neo-Babylon mv¤ªvR¨:

K. 703-? g`©K ej`b

- Ak~wiq kvm‡bi weiæ‡× †ek K‡qKwU we‡ ªvn ïiæ nq

98

L. 652 Shamash-shum-ukin:

(1) Gmi`‡bi cyÎ Ges Ak~i evwbcv‡ji fvB

(2) wZwb Ak~wiqvi weiæ‡× we‡ ªvn ïiæ K‡ib Ges civwRZ n‡qwQ‡jb

M. 626-605 b‡evc‡jli:

(1) Neo-Babylonian mv¤ªv‡Rï cÖ_g GK”QÎ ivRv wQ‡jb

(2) wZwb `wÿY w`K †_‡K Ak~i Avµgb K‡iwQ‡jb hLb gv`xq Cyaxares AvµgY K‡iwQ‡jb DËi ce© w`K †_‡K

(3) cÖvPxb Aïwiq ivRavbx Aï‡ii 614 A‡ã cZb N‡U Ges kw³kvjx bxbexi b~Zb ivRavbxi Lªxó c~e© 612 A‡ã

cZb N‡U|

(4) Ak~wiq ˆmb¨‡ì Aewkóvsk nvi‡b cvwj‡q hvq| Zviv †mLv‡b ivRv cÖwZôv K‡i|

(5) 608 A‡ã 2q †dŠiY b‡Lv (2 ivRv 23:29) DËi w`‡K AMÖmi nb Aïixq ˆmb¨‡ì Aewkóvsk‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi

Rb¨ D‡Ïk¨ wQj GKwU AkÖq AÂj MVb Kiv evwe‡ji DwÌZ kw³i weiæ‡×| †hvwkq, whn~`vi Ck¦i f³ ivRv (2

ivRv 23), c‡jwóqvi g‡a¨ w`‡q wgkwiq ˆmb¨‡ì hvÎvq we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| gvwM‡Ïv‡Z †QvU GKwU hy× nq| †hvwkq

AvNvZ cvb Ges gviv hvb (2 ivRv 23:29-30)| Zvi cyÎ wh‡nvqvnm ivRv nb| 2q †dŠiY b‡Lv nvi‡b Aïwiq

ˆmb¨‡ì asm eÜ Ki‡Z ‡cŠQv‡Z †`wi K‡ib| ivRcyÎ 2q beyL`wb`m‡ii Øviv Av‡`k cÖvß n‡q wZwb evwewjq

ˆmb¨‡ì wbhy³ K‡ib Ges nVvr K‡iB 605 Lªxó c~‡e© civwRZ nb BD‡d«wUm b`x‡Z KK©gx‡ki hy‡×|

wgk‡i Zvi †divi c‡_ wZwb whiƒkv‡j‡g _v‡gb Ges bMiwU jyÉb K‡ib| wZwb ’vbvšÍwiZ Ges wbe©vwmZ K‡ib

wh‡nvqvnm‡K †KejgvÎ wZb gvm c‡i| wZwb †hvwk‡qi Avi GK cyÎ wh‡nvqvKxg‡K wmsnvm‡b emvb (2 ivRv

23:31-35)|

(6) 2q beyL`wbrmi c‡jwóqvi g‡a¨ w`‡q wgkwiq ˆmb¨‡ì `wÿ‡Y avIqv K‡ib wKš‘ wZwb Zvi wcZvi g„Zzï msev`

cvb Ges evwe‡j wd‡i Av‡mb|

c‡i †mB GKB eQ‡i wZwb Avevi c¨v‡jóvB‡b wd‡i Av‡mb| wZwb whn~`vi wmsnvm‡b wh‡nvqvKxg‡K emvb wKš‘

†ek K‡qK nvRvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bvMwiK I ivRKxq cwiev‡ii ‡ek wKQz m`m¨‡K wbe©vwmZ K‡ib| `vwb‡qj I Zvi eÜziv

GB wbe©vm‡bi Askx n‡qwQ‡jb|

N. 605-562 2q beyL`wbrmi:

(1) 597-538 †_‡K evwej m¤ú~Y© fv‡e c¨v‡jóvB‡bi wbqš¿‡Y wQj|

(2) 597 A‡ã whiƒkv‡jg †_‡K Avi GKwU wbe©vm‡bi NUbv N‡U KviY wQj wh‡nvKx‡gi wgk‡ii mv‡_ ˆgÎx (2 ivRv

24)| 2q beyL`wbrmi Avmvi Av‡MB wZwb gviv hvb| Zvi cyÎ wh‡nvqvKxb †KejgvÎ wZb gv‡mi Rb¨ ivRv nb

hLb †m evwe‡j wbe©vwmZ n‡qwQj| 10 nvRvi bvMwiK, Gi g‡a¨ AšÍf~©³ wQ‡jb whwn‡ ‹j, Zviv evwej bMixi Kv‡Q

Kevi b`xi Zx‡i Zv‡ì emZx cyb ’vcb K‡iwQj|

(3) 586 A‡ã, wgk‡ii mv‡_ AweiZ Qj PvZzixi c‡i, whiƒkv‡jg bMiwU m¤úyY©iƒ‡c asm n‡qwQj (2 ivRv 25) Ges

GK wekvj msL¨K †jvK wbe©vwmZ nIqvi NUbv N‡U| wmw`wKq, whwb wh‡nvqvKx‡bi ’vjvwfwl³ n‡qwQ‡jb, wbe©vwmZ

nb Ges M`wjq‡K kvmbKZ©v wnmv‡e wb‡qvM Kiv nq|

(4) M`wjq whû`x we‡ ªvnx mvgwiK kw³ Øviv wbnZ nb| GB kw³ wgk‡i cvwi‡q hvq Ges whiwgq‡K eva¨ K‡i Zv‡ì

mv‡_ †h‡Z| PZz_© ev‡ii gZ beyL`wbrmi AvµgY K‡ib (605, 596, 586, 582) Ges †mLv‡b Aewkó hZRb

whû`x‡K wZwb †c‡qwQ‡jb Zv‡ì mKj‡K wbe©vwmZ K‡ib|

O. 562-560 Evil-Merodack, GQvovI whwb A‡gj gvi yK bv‡g cwiwPZ

- wZwb KvivMi †_‡K wh‡nvqvKxg‡K gy³ K‡ib wKš‘ wZwb evwe‡jB †_‡K hvb (2 ivRv 25:27-30; whi 52:31)|

P. 560-556 Neriglissar - wZwb wQ‡jb beyL`wbrm‡ii †mbvcwZ whwb whiƒkv‡jg asm K‡iwQ‡jb|

Q. 556- jekvwK-gvi`yK

- wZwb wQ‡jb Neriglissar Gi cyÎ wKš‘ gvÎ bq gvm c‡i wZwb ¸ßNvZ‡Ki nv‡Z wbnZ nb|

R. 556-539 b‡evwb`vm:

(1) b‡evwb`vm ivR cwiev‡ii m¤úK©hy³ wQ‡jb bv ZvB wZwb 2q beyL`wbrm‡ii Kb¨v‡K we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb|

(2) wZwb Zvi †ewki fvM mgq cvi K‡i‡Qb †Ugvq P› ª †èx ÒmxbÓ Gi gw›ì wbg©v‡Y| wZwb GB †èxi gnv

ag©hvwRKvi cyÎ wQ‡jb| GwU Zv‡K evwe‡ji cÖavb †èZv, gvi zK hvR‡Ki cÖwZØw›ØZvq AeZxY© K‡i|

(3) wZwb Zvi mg‡qi †ewki fvM KvwU‡q‡Qb we‡ ªvn `g‡b Ges mv¤ªv‡R¨ w ’wZkxjZv eRvq ivL‡Z|

(4) wZwb †Ugvq P‡j hvb Ges ivRavbx evwe‡j ivwóªq welqmg~n Zvi cyÎ †ejkrk‡ii nv‡Z Ac©Y K‡ib (`vwb 5)|

S. ? Ñ 539 †ejkrki (mn-ivRZ¡)

- Gutium Gi †Mvewiqv‡mi Aax‡b cvim¨ ‰mb¨‡ì Øviv evwej bMixi Lye `ªæZ cZb N‡U BD‡d«wU‡mi Rj cÖevn

wfbœgyLx K‡i evav QvovB bM‡i cÖ‡e‡ki Øviv| bM‡ii hvRK I †jv‡Kiv cviwmK‡ì gyw³`vZv Ges gvi`y‡Ki

cybiæ×viKvix wnmv‡e †`Lj| †Mvewiqvm 2q †Kvim Øiv evwe‡ji kvmbKZ©v nb| †Mvewiqvm n‡Z cv‡ib `vwb‡qj

cy Í‡Ki 5:31; 6:1 c‡ì gv`xq `vwiqvem| Ò`vwiqvmÓ A_© ÒivRKxq GKRb|Ó

99

3. gv`xq-cvim¨ mv¤ªvR¨: 2q †Kvi‡mi DÌv‡bi Rwoc (whkv 44:28; 45:1-7):

K. 625-585 Cyaxares gv`xq‡ì ivRv nb hv evwej‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj Ak~i‡ì civwRZ Ki‡Z|

L. 585-550 Astyages gv`xq ivRv nb| Mandane Øviv †Kvim wQ‡jb Zvi bvwZ|

M. 550-530 Ansham Gi 2q †Kvim wQ‡jb GKRb Ki` ivRv whwb we‡ ªvn K‡iwQ‡jb:

(1) evwe‡ji ivRv b‡evwb`vm, †Kvim‡K mg_©b Ki‡Zb|

(2) 2q †Kvim Astyages †K wmsnvbP yZ K‡ib|

(3) b‡evwb`vm, ÿgZvi mgZv cybiæ×vi Ki‡Z, ˆgÎx ’vcb K‡ib:

K) wgki

L) wjwWqvi ivRv †µv‡qmym (Gwgqv gvBbi)

(4) 547 Ñ 2q †Kvi‡mi mvw`©‡mi (wjwWqvi ivRavbx) weiæ‡× Awfhvb|

(5) 539 Ñ b‡f¤i 2, Gutium Gi †Mvewiqvm, †Kvi‡mi ˆmb¨‡ì mv‡_, evwej `Lj K‡i †Kvb evav QvovB|

†Mvewiqvm‡K evwe‡ji kvmbKZ©v Kiv n‡qwQj|

(6) 539 Ñ A‡±ve‡i ÒgnvbÓ 2q †Kvim gyw³`vZv wnmv‡e e¨w³MZ fv‡e cÖ‡ek K‡ib| Zvi RvZxq `jmg~‡ni cÖwZ

gnvbyfeZvi †KŠkj eû eQi e¨vwc cÖPwjZ †`kxq RvwZ‡ì wbe©vm‡bi †KŠkj‡K D‡ë w`‡qwQj|

(7) 538 Ñ whn~`x Ges Ab¨‡ì AbygwZ †Ìqv nq †`‡k wd‡i hvevi Ges Zv‡ì wbR wbR gw›ì cybwbg©v‡Yi|

(8) 530 Ñ †Kvi‡mi cyÎ 2q Kvgevwmm, Zvi DËim~ix nb|

N. 530-522 2q Kvgevwm‡mi ivRZ¡Kvj

(1) 525 Lªxó c~‡e© wgkwiq mv¤ªvR¨‡K gv`xq-cvi‡mï mv¤ªv‡R¨ mshy³ K‡iwQ‡jb;

(2) Zvi ivRZ¡Kvj wQj LyeB mswÿß;

K. A‡b‡K e‡j _v‡Kb †h wZwb AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡iwQ‡jb;

L. ‡n‡ivWvUvm e‡j‡Qb †h wZwb Zvi †Nvovq Povi mg‡q wb‡R‡K wb‡Ri Zievix w`‡q †K‡U †d‡jb Ges Gi

d‡j m„ó msµvg‡Y wZwb gviv hvb|

(3) wmD‡Wv-‡¯§iwW‡mi mswÿß ivRZ¡ Ñ 522

O. 522-486 1g `vwiqvm (Hystapis) kvmb Ki‡Z Av‡mb

(1) wZwb ivR cwievi †_‡K Av‡mb bvB wKš‘ wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb mvgwiK †mbvcwZ|

(2) Satraps Gi Rb¨ †Kvi‡mi cwiKíbv eënvi K‡i wZwb cvim¨ mv¤ªvR¨‡K msMwVZ K‡iwQ‡jb (Blªv 1-6; nMq;

mLwiq)|

(3) wZwb wjwWqvi gZ gy ªv cÖPjb K‡iwQ‡jb|

P. 486-465 Xerxes I Gi ivRZ¡Kvj:

(1) wgkwiq we‡ ªvn `gb K‡iwQ‡jb

(2) B”QzK wQ‡jb MÖxm Awfhvb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z Ges cvi‡mï ¯cœ c~iY Ki‡Z wKš‘ Lªxó c~e© 480 A‡ã _vi‡gvcwj Ges

Lªxó c~e© 479 A‡ã mvjvwg‡mi hy‡× civwRZ nb|

(3) B‡ó‡ii ¯vgx, hv‡e evB‡e‡j ejv n‡q‡Q An‡k¦im, Lªxó c~e© 465 A‡ã ¸ß NvZ‡Ki nv‡Z wbnZ nb|

Q. 465-424 Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) ivRZ¡Kvj (Blªv 7-10; bwnwgq; gvjvwL):

(1) Pelopanisian Gi M„n hy‡×i m¤§yLvm¤§yLx nIqv ch©šÍ MÖx‡Kiv Awfhvb Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _v‡K

(2) MÖxK wef³ nq (G‡Zwbqvb-wc‡jvcvwbwmqvb)

(3) MÖx‡mi M„n hy× 20 eQiKvj ’vqx n‡qwQj

(4) GB mgqKv‡j whn~`x m¤úª vq kw³kvjx n‡q D‡VwQj

(5) Xerxes II Ges Sekydianos Gi mswÿß ivRZ¡Kvj Ñ 423

R. 423-404 2q `vwiqvm (Nothos) ivRZ¡Kvj

S. 404-358 Artaxerxes II (Mnemon) Gi ivRZ¡Kvj

T. 358-338 Artaxerxes III (Ochos) Gi ivRZ¡Kvj

U. 338-336 Arses Gi ivRZ¡Kvj

V. 336-331 3q `vwiqvm (Codomannus) Gi ivRZ¡Kvj

4. wgk‡ii Rwoc:

K. Hyksos (†glcvjK ivRv Ñ †m‡gwUK kvmK)-1720/10-1550

L. 18Zg ivRZš¿ (1570-1310):

(1) 1570-1546 A‡gvwmm

K) _xe‡K ivRavbx Kiv n‡qwQj

L) `wÿY Kbvb Awfhvb

(2) 1546-1525 Amenophis I (Amenhotep I) (3) 1525-1494 Thutmosis I

100

(4) 1494-1490 Thutmosis II Ñ we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb Thutmosis I Gi Kb¨v Hatshepsut-†K

(5) 1490-1435 Thutmosis III (Hatshepsut Gi fvB‡qi †Q‡j)

(6) 1435-1414 Amenophis II (Amenhotep II) (7) 1414-1406 Thutmosis IV

(8) 1406-1370 Amenophis III (Amenhotep III) (9) 1370-1353 Amenophis IV (Akhenaten)

K) m~h© †è, Aten Gi Avivabv Kiv

L) cÖavb †èZvi Avivabvi (GK Ck¦iev`) KvVv‡gv cÖwZôv Kiv

M) Tel-El-Amarna letter nj GB mgqKv‡ji

(10) ? Smenkhare

(11) ? Tutankhamun (Tutankhaten) (12) ? Ay (Aye-Eye) (13) 1340-1310 Haremhab

M. 19Zg ivRZš¿ (1310-1200):

(1) ? Rameses I (Ramses) (2) 1309-1290 Seti I (Sethos) (3) 1290-1224 Rameses II (Ramses II)

K) cÖZœZvwË¡K cÖgvY †_‡K g‡b nq Lye m¤¢e hvÎv cy Í‡Ki †dŠiY

L) Habaru (m¤¢eZ ev wneªæ) `vm Øviv Avaris, Pithom Ges Ramses bMi wbg©vY

(4) 1224-1416 Marniptah (Merenptah) (5) ? Amenmesses

(6) ? Seti II (7) ? Siptah

(8) ? Tewosret N. 20Zg ivRZš¿ (1180-1065):

(1) 1175-1144 Rameses III (2) 1144-1065 Rameses IV - XI

O. 21Zg ivRZš¿ (1065-935):

(1) ? Smendes

(2) ? Herihor P. 22Zg ivRZš¿ (935-725- Libyan):

(1) 935-914 kxkK (Shosenk I or Sheshong I) K) k‡jvg‡bi g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ 1g hviweqvg‡K myiÿv `vb

L) 925 Gi w`‡K c¨v‡j÷vBb weRq (1 ivRv 14-25; 2 esk 12)

(2) 914-874 Osorkon I (3) ? Osorkon II (4) ? Shoshnek II

Q. 23Zg ivRZš¿ (759-715- Libyan)

R. 24Zg ivRZš¿ (725-709)

S. 25Zg ivRZš¿ (716/15-663 Ñ Bw_qwcqvb/byweqvb):

(1) 710/09-696/95 Shabako (Shabaku) (2) 696/95-685/84 Shebteko (Shebitku) (3) 690/689, 685/84-664 Tirhakah (Taharqa) (4) ? Tantamun

T. 26Zg ivRZš¿ (663-525 Ñ Saitic):

(1) 663-609 Psammetichus I (Psamtik) (2) 609-593 Neco II (Necho) (3) 593-588 Psammetichus II (Psamtik) (4) 588-569 Apries (Hophra) (5) 569-525 Amasis (6) ? Psammetichus III (Psamtik)

101

U. 27Zg ivRZš¿ (525-401 Ñ cvim¨):

(1) 530-522 Cambyses II (2q †Kvi‡mi cyÎ) (2) 522-486 Darius I (3) 486-465 Xerxes I (4) 465-424 Artaxerxes I (5) 423-404 Darius II

wfbœ Abyµ‡gi Rb¨ †`Lyb Zondervan's Pictorial Bible Encyclopedia, vol. 2 p. 231|

5. MÖx‡mi Rwoc:

K. 359-336 Philip II of Macedon: (1) MÖxm‡K †Mu‡_ Zz‡j‡Qb

(2) Lªxó c~e© 336 A‡ã ¸ßNvZ‡Ki nv‡Z wbnZ nb

L. 336-323 ÒgnvbÓ 2q Av‡jKRvÛvi (wdwj‡ci cyÎ):

(1) cvim¨ ivR 2q `vwiqvm‡K Isus Gi hy‡× civwRZ K‡ib

(2) Lªxó c~e© 323 A‡ã 32/33 eQi eq‡m evwe‡j R¡‡i fz‡M gviv hvb

(3) Zvi g„Zz¨‡Z Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii †mbvcwZiv Zvi mv¤ªvR¨‡K wefvM K‡i:

K. K¨v‡mÛvi Ñ gvwK`vwbqv Ges MÖxm

L. jvBwmgvKvm Ñ Thrace

M. 1g †mjyKvm Ñ wmwiqv Ges evwej

N. U‡jwg Ñ wgki Ges c¨v‡j÷vBb

O. Gw›U‡Mvbvm Ñ Gwgqv gvBbi (wZwb †ewk w`b ’vqx nb bvB)

M. c¨v‡j÷vB‡bi wbqš¿Y wb‡q †mjywmW ebvg U‡jwg‡ì Ø›Ø:

(1) wmwiqv (†mjywmW kvm‡Kiv):

K) 312-280 1g †mjyKvm

L) 280-261 1g Gw›UqK †mvUvi

M) 261-146 Antiochus II Theus

N) 246-226 2q †mjyKvm Callinicus O) 226-223 3q †mjyKvm Ceraunus P) 223-187 gnvb 3q Gw›UqK

Q) 187-175 4_© †mjyKvm Philopator R) 175-163 4_© Gw›UqK Gwcdvwbm

S) 163-162 5g Gw›UqK

T) 162-150 1g wWwgwUªqvm

(2) wgkwiq (U‡jwg‡ì kvm‡Kiv):

K) 327-285 1 Ujiwg †mvUvi

L) 285-246 2q U‡jwg Philadelphus

M) 246-221 3q U‡jwg Evegetes

N) 221-203 4_© U‡jwg Philopator O) 203-181 5g U‡jwg Gwcdvwbm

P) 181-146 6ô U‡jwg Philometor (3) mswÿß Rwoc:

K) 301 Ñ 181 eQ‡ii Rb¨ c¨v‡j÷vBb U‡jwgi kvmbvax‡b|

L) 175-163 8g †mjywmW kvmK, 4_© Gw›UqK Gwcdvwbm, †P‡qwQ‡jb hw` cÖ‡qvRb nq Zvn‡j †Rvi K‡i

whû`x‡ì MÖx‡K iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv:

1. e¨vqvgvMvi wbg©vY K‡ib

2. gw›`‡i ‡cŠËwjK wRDm Awjw¤úqv‡mi †ew` wbg©vb K‡ib

M) 168 Ñ wW‡m¤i 13 Ñ 4_© Gw›UqK Gwcdvwbm whiƒkv‡j‡gi †ew`‡Z ïKi nZ¨v K‡ib| A‡b‡K g‡b

K‡ib †h GwU nj `vwb‡qj 8 Aa¨v‡q ewY©Z ÒasmKvix N„Yvn© e ‘|Ó

N) 167 Ñ gËw_qvm, Modin Gi hvRK, Ges cy‡Îiv we‡`ªvn K‡i| Zvi cyÎ‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q fvj

cwiwPZ whû`v g¨v°vweqvm, Ò Judas the Hammer|Ó

O) 165 Ñ wW‡m¤i 25 Ñ g›ì cybivq DrmMx©K…Z nq| G‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Hanukkah ev ÒAv‡jvi Drme|Ó

102

6. Zvwi‡Li mgm¨v, cÖwµqv Ges c~e©aviYvi AviI fvj Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ †`Lzb The ExpositorsBible Commentary, vol. 4 pp. 10-17|


K. Z_¨vejxi my®úó GKwU bgybv i‡q‡Q †hwU ‡jLK DËi I `wÿ‡Yi cÖwZwU ivRvi Rb¨ †jLK w`‡q‡Qb| mvaviYZ whû`vi ivRv‡ì

Z_¨vejx nj m¤ú~Y© (Dr. Huey's SWBTS K¬vk‡bvU †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q):

1. ivRv‡ì ivRZ¡Kv‡ji ZvwiL mgšq Kiv n‡q‡Q 6. evm Kivi ’vb;

Zvi DËi ev `wÿ‡Yi wecixZ †Rvovq; 7. Zvi gv‡qi bvg;

2. ivRvi bvg; 8. Zvi ivRZ¡Kv‡ji wKQz Z_¨vejx

3. Zvi wcZvi bvg; 9. Zvi Rxe‡bi mvivs‡ki gšÍe¨;

4. wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivn‡bi eqm; 10. Zvi g„Zz¨ I mgvwai weeiY;

5. Zvi ivRZ¡Kv‡ji `xN©Zv; 11. cÖvqB #4 Ges #7 B ªv‡q‡ji ivRv‡ì Rb¨ ev` †Ìqv

n‡q‡Q

L. GB `xN© HwZnvwmK welqe ‘i mswÿß iƒc‡iLvi Rb¨ †ek K‡qKwU wfbœ wfbœ Dcvq i‡q‡Q:

1. cÖavb PwiÎ Øviv:

K. `vq~`/k‡jvgb

L. inweqvg/1g hviweqvg

M. Avnve (C‡lej)/Gwjq

N. Gwjq/Bwjkvq

O. wnw®‹q/whkvBq

P. †hvwkq/‡dŠiY b‡Lv

Q. wh‡nvqvKxg/wh‡nvqvLxb/beyL`wbrmi

2. RvwZi AšÍ©f~w³ Øviv:

K. mshy³ ivRZš¿

L. B ªv‡qj/whn~`v

M. wmwiqv

N. Ak~wiqv

O. evwej

M. wek` iƒc‡iLvi Rb¨ †`Lyb:

1. E.J. Young, An Introduction to the Old Testament, pp.190-200

2. R.K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament, pp.720-721

3. NIV Study Bible, pp. 468-469

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. GwU †Kvb cwðgv BwZnvm bq wKš‘ cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï ag©ZvwË¡K BwZnvm:

1. DË‡ii mKj ivRvB Awfhy³ KviY YHWH Gi cÖwZwbwa wnmv‡e 1g hviweqv‡gi Øviv †mvbvi evQz‡ii cÖwZôv|

2. DË‡ii yBRb kw³kvjx †bZv, Aw¤ª Ges 2q hviweqvg mswÿß c×wZ‡Z †gvKv‡ejv K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv‡ì Kv‡iviB ivR‰bwZK ev

mvgwiK KvRKg© D‡jøwLZ nqwb|

3. `wÿ‡Yi yB ivRv hviv e¨vcK fv‡e mvgvj w`‡qwQ‡jb Zviv n‡jb wnw¯‹q Ges †hvwkq| Zviv e¨vcK fv‡e cÖkswmZ n‡q‡Qb KviY

†gvwki eë ’vi cÖwZ Zv‡ì wek¦ ÍZv Ges AvwZ¥K ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ‡Póv|

4. ‡KejgvÎ Ab¨ ivRv whwb e¨vcK AvPiY jvf K‡iwQ‡jb Zviv n‡jb wnw¯‹‡qi cyÎ gbwk| wKš‘ GB Kvi‡Y †h wZwb G‡Kev‡i Zvi

wcZvi wecwiZ wQ‡jb Ges RvwZ‡K gnv cv‡ci w`‡K wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb|

L. ivRviv memgqB kg~‡q‡ji welq wQ‡jb| Zviv †mB mg‡qi GKwU GKK BwZnvm MVb K‡iwQ‡jb| hvRK‡Z¡i Dc‡i fvev`xZ‡Ë¡i DÌvb

avivevwnK fv‡e Pj‡Z _v‡K| Gwjq I Bwjkv‡qi AwjwLZ fveev`xiv 1 I 2 ivRvejxi GK Z…Zxqvsk MÖnY K‡i‡Qb!

M. ivRviv ‡`wL‡q‡Qb †gvwki eë ’v †_‡K Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì AvMÖvmx fv‡e wec_ Mg‡bi c_| GUvB P~ovšÍ fv‡e kgwiqvi (Lªxó c~e© 722)

Ges whiƒkv‡j‡gi (Lªxó c~e© 586) c‡Zi welq n‡q `vovq| GwU YHWH Gi ye©jZvi Kvi‡Y wQj bv eis †jvK‡ì I Zv‡ì

†bZv‡ì cv‡ci Kvi‡Y! eë ’vi cÖwZ wek¦ ÍZv wQj cÖavb welq| YHWH wQ‡jb wek¦ Í! k‡jvgb, whû`v Ges B ªv‡qj wQj bv!

103


K. 1 ivRvejx:

1. Uvg© Ges †kã¸”Q:

K. ÒRxešÍ m`vcÖfz wnmv‡e, 1:29 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. ÒAvgvi wb‡Ri Ak¦Z‡i Av‡ivnb KivBqv,Ó 1:33 (NASB Ges NIV)

M. Ò†ewì k„sM Aej¤b Kwij.Ó 1:50; 2:28 (NASB Ges NIV)

N. hvLxb I †evqm, 7:21 (NASB Ges NIV)

O. ÒZvnvi AÄjx we Ívi Kwi‡jb,Ó 8:22 (NASB Ges NIV)

P. ÒAvgvi Kwbô A½ywj Avgvi wcZvi KwU‡`k nB‡ZI ’y’j,Ó 12:10 (NIV, Ò.....Avgvi wcZvi †Kvgi †_‡KI †gvUvÓ)

Q. †mvbvi evQzi, 12:28 (NASB Ges NIV)

R. Ò‡ewì Kv‡Q †Luvovi gZ....Avcbvw`M‡K ÿZweÿZ KwijÓ 18:26,28 (NIV, Òb„Z¨ KiwQj....Ges cÖnvi KiwQj...Ó)

S. ÒmvÜKvjxb Drm‡M©i mgq,Ó 18:36 (NIV, ÒDrm‡M©i mgqÓ)

T. ÒClr kãKvix ÿz`ª ¯iÓ 19:12 (NIV, Òg„`y wdmwdmvwbÓ)

L. 2 ivRvejx:

1. Uvg© Ges kã¸”Q:

K. ÒAwMœgq i_ Ges AwMœgq Ak¦,Ó 2:11; 6:17 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. Òm`vcÖfzi `„wó‡Z hvnv g›`, wZwb ZvnvB Kwi‡Zb,Ó 3:2 (NIV, Ò... „wó‡Z..Ó)

M. Ò‡Zvgvi KwUeÜb KiÓ 4:29 (NIV, Ò†Zvgvi †cvlv‡K ‡Zvgvi †Kvg‡ii eÜwb evaÓ)

N. ÒK‡cvZg‡ji GK Kve 6:25 (NIV, Òex‡Ri †Lvmvi GK KveÓ)

O. Ò‡gvwk †h wcËjgq mc© wbg©vY KwiqvwQ‡jb,Ó (nehshtan) 18:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

P. Òcy¯‹wiYx Ges cÖYvjx KwiqvwQ‡jbÓ 20:20 (NIV, ÒGKwU myi½Ó)

Q. Ò¯Mx©q evwnbxÓ 21:3 (NIV, ÒZvivi gZ evwnbxÓ)

R. Òeë¯’v cy ÍK,Ó 22:8 (NASB Ges NIV)

S. ‡Zvdr, 23:10 (NASB Ges NIV)

T. ÒwcËjgq mgy`ª,Ó 25:13 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. mswÿßvKv‡i e¨w³i cwiwPwZ:

K. †Mnmx, 4:11

L. bvgvb, 5:1

M. A_wjqv, 11:1,3

N. cyj, 15:19

O. mvb‡nixe, 18:13

P. gbwk, 21:1

Q. nvj`v, 22:14

R. b‡Lv, 23:29

S. wh‡nvqvKxg, 24:8

T. mivq, 25:18

U. M`jxq, 25:22


K. 1 ivRvejx:

1. Hb-‡iv‡Mj, 1:9 (whiƒkv‡jg)

2. wM‡nvb, 1:33 (whiƒkv‡jg)

3. Abv‡_vZ, 2:26

4. wgk‡ii ‡ ªvZ, 8:65 (NIV, Òwgk‡ii Iqvw`Ó)

5. gvwM‡Ïv, 9:15

104

6. Gmb-wM‡evi, 9:26

7. wkwLg, 12:1

8. cb~‡qj, 12:25

9. wK‡ ªvY-‡ ªvZ, 15:13 (NIV, ÒwK‡`ªvY DcZ¨KvÓ)

10. wK‡bœi_, 15:20 (NIV, ÒwK‡bœi_Ó)

11. kgwiqv, 16:24

12. Kwg©j ce©Z, 18:20

13. wK‡kvb † ªvZ, 18:40 (NIV, ÒwK‡kvb DcZ¨KvÓ)

14. whwlª‡qj, 18:45

L. 2 ivRvejx:

1. B‡µvY, 1:2

2. Aevbv Ges cc©i b`x, 5:12

3. †`v_b, 6:13

4. †mjv, 14:7

5. Gjv_, 14:22

6. jvLxk, 18:14

7. wn‡bœvg cyÎ‡ì DcZ¨Kv, 23:10 (NIV, Ò†eb wn‡bœv‡giÓ)

8. gvwM‡Ïv, 23:30

9. wiejv, 25:6


K. 1 ivRvejx:

1. `vqy‡ì cwiev‡i †Kb GZ UvjgvUvj Ae ’v wQj Zvi wKQz KviY ZvwjKvfy³ Kiæb|

2. †Kb k‡jvg‡bi GZ ¿x ‡i‡LwQ‡jb? wKfv‡e Zviv Zvi e„× eq‡m Zvi Dc‡i cÖfve we Ívi K‡iwQj?

3. †Kb gw›`‡ii Rb¨ GZ ’vb I wek` eY©bv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q?

4. †Kb mshy³ ivRZš¿ †f‡½ wM‡qwQj?

5. evj/Av‡kiv Avivabv eY©bv Kiæb|

6. 22:18-23 c‡ì ag©ZvwË¡K cÖ‡qvM wK?

L. 2 ivRvejx:

1. 5:15-18 c‡ì cÖ‡qvM e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

2. 19:19 c‡ì cÖ‡qvM e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

3. wnw®‹‡qi mejZv Ges gbwki cvc ZvwjKvfz³ Kiæb|

4. kã¸”Q (22:8) ÒAvwg eë ’v cy ÍK cvBqvwQÓ wK D‡jøL K‡i?

5. YHWH Gi Pzw³ kZ©mv‡cÿ ev kZ©nxb?

105

106

107

wef³ iv‡Rï ivRvMY

whn~`vi ivRvMY(1 esk 3:1-16; gw_ 1:6-11) B¯ªv‡q‡ji ivRvMY

bvg I ZvwiL

BRIGHT YOUNG HARRISON BIBLE TEXTS bvg I ZvwiL BRIGHT YOUNG HARRISON BIBLE TEXTS

inweqvg

Awekq (A bijam)

Avkv

wh‡nvkvdU

(wh‡nvivg fvicÖvß

kvmK)

wh‡nvivg (†hvivg)

Anwmq

A_wjqv

(ivYx)

‡hvqm (wh‡nvqvnm)

922-915

915-914

913-873

873-849

...............

849-842

842

842-337

837-800

933-917

916-914

913-873

873-849

...........

849-842

842

842-836

836-797

931/30-913

913-911/10

911/10-870/69

870/69-848

853-848

848-841

...............

841-835

835-796

1 ivRv 11:43-12:27; 14:21-31

2 esk 9:31-12:16

1 ivRv 14:31-15:8

1 esk 11:20, 22

1 ivRv 15:8-30; 16:8,10,23,

29; 22:41, 43, 46

whiwgq 41:9

1 ivRv 15:24; 22:1-51

2 ivRv 3:1-12; 8:16-19

1 esk 3:10

2 esk 17:-21:1

1 ivRv 22:50

2 ivRv 1:17; 8:16; 12:18

1 esk 22:1-20

gw_ 1:8

2 ivRv 8:24-9:29

2 esk 22:1-9

2 ivRv 8:26; 11:1-20

2 esk 22:2-23:21

2 ivRv 11:2-3; 12:1-21

2 esk 22:11-12; 24:1-27

1g hviweqvg

bvè

evmv

Gjv

whw¤ª

(‡mbvcwZ)

Aw¤ª

(‡mbvcwZ)

Avnve

Anwmq

wh‡nvivg

(†hvivg)

‡hû

(mbvcwZ)

922-901

901-900

900-877

877-876

876

876-869

869-850

850-849

849-842

842-815

933-912

912-911

911-888

888-887

887

887-877

876-854

854-853

853-842

842-815

931/30-910/09

910/09-909/08

909/08-886/85

886/85-885/84

885/84

885/84-874/73

874/73-853

853-852

852-841

841-814/13

1 ivRv 28:40; 12:12-

14:20

1 ivRv 14:20; 15:25-31

1 ivRv 15:16-16:7; 2 ivRv 9:9;

2 esk 16:1-16

whi 41:9

1 ivRv 16:8-14

1 ivRv 16:9-20

2 ivRv 9:31

1 ivRv 16:15-28

2 ivRv 8:26

wgLv 6:16

1 ivRv 16:29-22:40

1 ivRv 22:40,41,49,51-53

2 esk 18:1-3, 19

2 ivRv 1:17;3:1-27;8:16-

8:29

1 ivRv 19:16-17

2 ivRv 9:1-10:36; 15:12

2 esk 22:7-9

‡nv‡kq 1:4

108

whn~`vi ivRvMY(1 esk 3:1-16; gw_ 1:6-11) [Pjgvb] B¯ªv‡q‡ji ivRvMY (Pjgvb)

bvg I ZvwiL


Agwmq

(Dwlq fvicÖvß

kvmK)

Dwlq (Amwiq)

(‡hv_g-fvicÖvß

kvmK)

‡hv_g

(Avnm-fvicÖvß

kvmK)

Avnm

(wnw¯‹q fvicÖvß

kvmK)

wnw¯‹q

(gbwk-fvicÖvß

kvmK)

gbwk

A‡gvb

800-783

.............

783-742

750-742

742-735

...............

735-715

...............

715-687

................

687/86-642

642-640

797-779

.............

779-740

.............

.

740-736

..............

736-728

.............

727-699

.............

698-643

643-641

796-767

791/90-767

767-740/39

750-740/39

740/39-732/31

744/43-732/31

732/31-716/15

729-716/15

716/15-687/86

696/95-687/86

687/86-642/41

642/41-640/39

2 ivRv 12:21; 14:1-22

2 esk 25:1-28

2 ivRv 14:21Õ 15:1-7

2 esk 26:1-23

†nv‡kq 1:1; Av‡gvl 1:1

mLwiq 14:5

2 ivRv 15:7, 32-38

1 esk 5:17

2 esk 26-33-27:9

whkv 1:1; 7:1

‡nv‡kq 1:1; wgLv 1:1

2 ivRv 15:30-16:20

2 esk 27:9-28-27

whkv 1:1; 7:1ff;14:28;38:8


2 ivRv 16:20; 18:1-20,21

2 esk 28:27-32:33

wn‡Zv 25:1

whkv 1:1;36:1-39:8


gw_ 1:9-10

2 ivRv 20:21-21:18;

23:12,26; 24:2

2 esk 32:33-33:20

whi 15:4 ff; 2 ivR21:18-26

2 esk 33:20-25

whi 1:2; md 1:1;1 ivRv 13:2-3

wh‡nvqvnm

‡hvqvm

(2 hviweqvgv-

fvicÖvß kvmK)

2 hviweqvg

mLwiq

kvjøyg

gb‡ng

‡cKwnq

‡cKn

‡nv‡kqv

Aïwiq‡ì Kv‡Q

kgwiqvi cZb

815-801

801-786

..............

786-746

746-745

745

745-738

738-737

737-732

732-724

Lªx.c~. 724

814-798

798-783

...............

783-743

743

743

743-737

737-736

736-730

730-722

Lªx.c~. 722

814/13-798

798-782/81

793/92-782/81

782/81-753

753-752

752

752-742/41

742/41-740/39

740/39-732/31

732/31-723/22

Lªx.c~. 722

2 ivRv 10:35; 13:1-9

2 ivRv 13:9-13,25

2 esk 25:17-25

‡nv‡kq 1:1; Av‡gvl 1:1

2 ivRv 13:13;14:16,23-29

‡nv‡kq 1:1

Av‡gvl 1:1; 7:9-11

2 ivRv 15:8-12

2 ivRv 15:10, 13-15

2 ivRv 15:14, 16-22

2 ivRv 15:23-26

2 ivRv 15:27-31; 16:5

2 esk 28:6; whkv 7:1

2 ivRv 17:1-18

109

whn~`vi ivRvMY (Pjgvb) B¯ªv‡q‡ji ivRvMY (Pjgvb)

bvg I ZvwiL


‡hvwkq

wh‡nvqvnm

wh‡nvqvKxg

wh‡nvqvKxb

wmw`wKq

evwe‡ji Kv‡Q

whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZb

610-609

609

(wZb gvm)

609-598

598/97

(wZb gvm)

597-586

Lªx c~ 586

640-609

609

609-598

598

598-587

Lªx c~ 587

640/39-609

609

609-597

597

597-587

Lªx c~ 587

2 ivRv 21:24; 22:1-23:30

2 esk 33:25-35:27

whi 1:2; md 1:1

gw_ 1:10-11

2 ivRv 23:30-34

2 esk 36:1-4

2 ivRv 23:34-24:6,19

2 esk 36:4-8

whi 1:3; 22:18-23; 25:1ff; 26:1 ff;27:1 ff; 35:1 ff; 36:1 ff; `vwb 1:1-2

2 ivRv 24:6,8-17; 25:27-30

2 esk 36:8-9

whi 52:31; whwn 1:2

2 ivRv 24:17-25:7

2 esk 36:10-11

whi 1:3;21:1-7;24:8-10;

27:1 ff; 32:4-5;34:1-22;

37:1-39;7;52:1-11

wejvc

Zvwi‡Li mgm¨vi wel‡q DËg Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ ‡`Lyb E.R. Thicle, The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings.

110

111

112

1 I 2 eskvejx cy Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO I & II CHRONICLES)

I. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

K. wneªæ‡Z eBwUi bvg nj Òw`b¸wji (eQ‡ii) evK¨mg~n (NUbvmg~n)|Ó GwU g‡b nq eQ‡ii BwZe„‡Ëi A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q| GB GKB

K_v †`Lv hvq †ek K‡qKwU eB‡qi wk‡ivbv‡g D‡jøL K‡i‡Q 1 ivRv 14:19,29; 15:7,23,31; 16:5,14,20,27; 22:46 wjwLZ Drm

wnmv‡e| kã¸”QwU 1 I 2 ivRvewj‡Z 30 ev‡iiI †ewkevi eëüZ n‡q‡Q Ges mvaviYZ Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q ÒBwZe„Ë|Ó

L. LXX Gi wk‡ivbvg K‡i‡Q Òev` †Ìqv welqmg~n(whû`vi ivRv‡ì wel‡q)|Ó GUv Bw½Z †`q †h BwZe„Ë nj kg~‡qj I ivRv‡ì †hgb

wm‡bvcwUK mymgvPv‡i nj †hvn‡bi mymgvPvi|

M. Jerome, Zvi j¨vwUb Abyev` fvj‡M‡U, Gi wk‡ivbvg w`‡q‡Qb ÒmgMÖ cweÎ BwZnv‡mi BwZe„ËÓ KviY Ges eskvejx wcQ‡b Av`g ch©šÍ

wM‡q‡Q Ges Blªv/bwnwg‡qi m½x eB¸wjI wbe©vmb DËi mgqKv‡ji mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z|

N. 1 I 2 eskvejx g~jZ wneªæ evB‡e‡j GKwU eB †hwU LXX Øviv wef³ n‡q‡Q, †hgb kg~‡qj I ivRvejx|


K. GB eBwU nj wneªæ K¨vb‡bi Ò†jLbxmg~nÓ As‡ki †kl eB| Gi A_© GwU wneªæ evB‡e‡ji †kl eB|

L. wneªæ K¨vb‡b Gi Ae ’vb Bw½Z †`q: 1. Gi cieZx©‡Z msKj‡bi; 2. Gi mvivs‡ki cÖK…wZ; 3. G‡K †`Lv n‡q‡Q GKwU cwiwkó wnmv‡e; 4. GwU K¨vb‡b A‡bK †ìx‡Z MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj|

M. LXX eBwU‡K ivRvejxi c‡i Ges Blªv Av‡M ’vb w`‡q‡Q| GUv we®§qKi †h Blªv/bwnwgq cy ÍK‡K eskvejxi Av‡M ivLv n‡q‡Q,

m¤¢eZ eskvejx cy Í‡Ki mvivskg~jK cÖK…wZi Kvi‡Y A_ev GwU BwZevPK D‡jø‡Li †kl|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GB eBwU nj HwZnvwmK eY©bvg~jK Z_vwc we‡kl wbe©vwPZ ag©ZvwË¡K A‡_©|

L. GwU ivR‡Z¡i †ewki fvM †bwZevPK w`K¸wj AcmvwiZ K‡i‡Q:

1. `vq~`

2. k‡jvgb

3. ÒCk¦if³Ó whû`vi ivRMY:

K. Avkv

L. wh‡nvkvdU

M. Dwlq

N. wnw¯‹q

O. †hvwlq


K. evB‡ej GB eB‡qj iPwqZv m¤ú‡K© bxie|

L. Baba Bathra 15

K

ej‡Q Blªv Zvi ch©šÍ eskvejxi eskZvwjKv wj‡L‡Qb| GUv e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q `yB fv‡e:

1. Blªv eskvejx wj‡L‡Qb

113

2. Blªv eskvejx‡Z Avi¤¢ Kiv BwZnvm Zvi mgq ch©šÍ †kl K‡iwQ‡jb

M. Blªv 1:1-4 Ges 2 esk 36:22-23 c` wneªæ‡Z Lye mv`„k¨c~Y©| Young Ges Harrison DfqB e‡j‡Qb eskvejx cÖ_‡g †jLv

n‡qwQj| GwU AvswkK fv‡e wbwðZ n‡q‡Q Abywjwc Kivi †KŠkj Øviv hv eënvi Ki‡Zb evwe‡ji AbywjwcKvi‡Kiv †hwU GK‡Î mshy³

K‡i‡Q ywU KvR‡K †h Dcv‡q Zvnj Òcatch-lineÓ ev cÖKvk‡Ki Qvc Øviv| GB †KŠkj ivweŸ‡ì †jLYx‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| GUv

Bw½Z Ki‡Z cv‡i †h Blªv eskvejx‡K eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi wb‡Ri Kv‡Ri HwZnvwmK cwiwPwZ wnmv‡e †hwU whn~`x †jvK‡ì

BwZnv‡mi avivevwnKZv eRvq †i‡L‡Q|

N. eskvejx Ges Blªv/bwnwg‡qi GB †jLK ev †jLL‡ì GKB ag©ZvwË¡K AvMÖn Ges D‡Ïk¨ wQj:

1. gw›ì I hvRK‡Z¡i w`‡K jÿ¨ †i‡L‡Qb (we‡kl K‡i †jexq‡ì ZvwjKv)

2. e¨vcKfv‡e cwimsL¨vbMZ Z_¨vejx I eskZvwjKvi eënvi

3. fvlvi eënvi I mvwnZ¨ c×wZ mv`„k¨c~Y©

4. GUv Aek¨B ejv hvq, †m¸wj Avjv`vI wQj:

K. bv‡gi evbvb wfbœfv‡e Kiv n‡q‡Q

L. eskvejx jÿ¨ †i‡L‡Q `vqy‡ì ivR cwiev‡ii w`‡K Ab¨w`‡K Blªv/bwnwgq †gvwki Pzw³ ev wbq‡gi w`‡K jÿ¨ †i‡L‡Qb

O. William Albright ‡jLKZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb Blªv‡K Lªxó c~e© 428 Ges 397 A‡ãi g‡a¨| Blªvi ms¯‹vi cvIqv hvq Blªv 7-10 Aa¨v‡q †hwU

N‡UwQj Lªxó c~e© 458-457 A‡ã Artaxerxes I Aax‡b|

P. eskvejx A‡bK Drm eënvi K‡i‡Q:

1. c~‡e© †jLv kv ¿mg~n:

K. eskvejx eënvi K‡i‡Q kg~‡qj I ivRvejxi cÖvq A‡a©KUv A_ev AšÍZc‡ÿ GKB Drmmg~n|

L. 1 eskvejx g‡b nq we‡klfv‡e cyivZb wbq‡gi wKQz †jLbx wel‡q Rvb‡Zv:

(1) Avw` 35:22 ÑÑ 5:1

(2) Avw` 38:7 ÑÑ 2:3

(3) Avw` 38:30 ÑÑ 2:4,6

(4) Avw` 46:10 ÑÑ 4:24

(5) Avw` 46:11 ÑÑ 6:16

(6) Avw` 46:13 ÑÑ 7:1

(7) Avw` 46:21 ÑÑ 7:6,12

(8) Avw` 46:24 ÑÑ 7:13

(9) iæZ 4:18-21 ÑÑ 2:11-13

(10) 1 kg~ 27:10 ÑÑ 2:9, 25-26

(11) 1 kg~ 31:1-6 ÑÑ 10:1-12

M. NIV Study Bible eskvejxi cwiwPwZ‡Z Drm wnmv‡e AšÍ©f~³ K‡i‡Q:

(1) †c›UvUzK

(2) wePviKZ…©KMY

(3) iæZ

(4) 1 kg~‡qj

(5) ivRvejx

(6) MxZmswnZv

(7) whkvBq

(8) whiwgq

(9) wejvc

(10) mLwiq

2. wef³ ivR¨ †_‡K wjwLZ HwZnvwmK Z_¨vejx|

K. m¤¢ve¨ miKvix ìev‡ii bw_cÎ:

(1) ivRv `vq~‡ì BwZe„Ë, 1 esk 27:24

(2) whn~`v I B ªv‡q‡ji ivRv‡ì cy ÍK, 2 esk 16:11; 25:26; 28:26; 32:32

(3) B ªv‡qj I whn~`vi ivRv‡ì cy ÍK, 2 esk 27:7; 35:27; 36:8

(4) B ªv‡q‡ji ivRv‡ì cy ÍK, 1 esk 9:1; 2 esk 20:34

(5) B ªv‡q‡ji ivRv‡ì K_v, 2 esk 24:27; 33:18

114

L. fveev`xiv:

(1) ivRv `vq~‡ì Kvh©vejx, 1 esk 29:29

K) `k©K kg~‡q‡ji BwZe„Ë

L) fveev`x bv_‡bi BwZe„Ë

M) `k©K Mv‡ì BwZe„Ë|

(2) k‡jvg‡bi Kvh©vejx, 2 esk 9:29:

K) fveev`x bv_‡bi bw_

L) kx‡jvwbq Awnkq Gi fveevYx

(3) `k©K B‡Ïvi `k©‡b 1g hviweqv‡gi Kvh©vejx, 2 esk 9:29

(4) 2q inweqv‡gi Kvh©vejx, 12:15:

K) fveev`x wkwgwqi bw_cÎ

L) `k©K B‡Ïv

(5) fveev`x B‡Ïvi Øviv 2 esk 13:22 c‡` Awekq Gi Kvh©vejx

(6) nbvbxi cyÎ Øviv 2 esk 20:34 c‡` †hn~i Kvh©vejx

(7) ‡nvkq (LXX G Ò`k©KÓ) Øviv 2 esk 33:19 c‡` gbwki Kvh©vejx

M. †Mvwô‡ì eskZvwjKvi bw_cÎ:

(1) wkwg‡qvb, 1 esk 4:33

(2) Mv`, 1 esk 5:17

(3) web¨vwgb, 7:9

(4) Av‡ki, 7:40

(5) mKj B ªv‡qj, 9:1

(6) ‡jexq m¤úwK©Z Øvi cvj, 9:22 (Bw½Z †`q †h cÖwZwU †jexq m¤úwK©Z wefv‡MiI bw_cÎ i‡q‡Q [1 esk 23:1 c`

†_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 28:13; 2 esk 35:4])|

N. we‡`kx Drmmg~n:

(1) mvb‡nwi‡ei cÎmg~n, 2 esk 32:17-70

(2) †Kvi‡mi Av‡`k, 2 esk 36:22-23

Q. Blªv-bwnwg‡qi gZ, eskvejxI †ek wKQz `‡ji eskZvwjKv K‡i‡Q| Gi wKQz wKQz Pvi †_‡K Qq cÖR‡b¥i c‡i fwel¨r ch©šÍ we ÍvwiZ

n‡q‡Q| ywU Dcvq i‡q‡Q G wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kivi:

1. G¸wj nj m¤úvw`Z mshyw³;

2. G¸wj nj mgKvjxb cwievimk~n, cÖRb¥ bq|

V. ZvwiL

K. eskvejx‡Z `ywU †U·U i‡q‡Q hv wbe©vmb †_‡K wd‡i Avmvi c‡i eskvejx †jLbxi GKwU mgqKv‡ji Bw½Z †`q:

1. 1 esk 3:19-20 c`| GwU nj miæeŸvwe‡ji eskai‡ì ZvwjKv:

K. †KD †KD e‡jb 6ô cÖRb¥

L. Abïv e‡jb †KejgvÎ yB cÖRb¥, `vq~‡ì Pvi cvwievwiK ZvwjKvi c‡i G‡m‡Q hviv miæeŸvwe‡ji `ywU eskai‡ì

mgKvjxb wQj Ñ wc‡jwUqv Ges †hwkqvn (Young & Harrison)

M. LXX GMvi cÖRb¥ ch©šÍ miæeŸvwe‡ji eskì‡ì ZvwjKv e¨vß K‡i‡Q (GwU †`Lvq m¤úv`Kxq nvjbvMv` KiY)

2. 1 esk 3:22-24 Ñ GwU nj kKwb‡qi eskai‡ì GKwU ZvwjKv †hwU D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q 21 c‡`:

K. †KD †KD e‡jb Pvi cÖR‡b¥i ZvwjKv (NIV Study Bible)

L. hw` GUv mwZ¨ nq Zvn‡j †jL‡Ki (m¤úv`K) ZvwiL 3:19-21 c‡` miæeŸvwe‡ji eskZvwjKv †_‡K we Í…Z n‡q‡Q

3. 2 esk 36:22-23:

K. GwU D‡jøL Ki‡Q 2q †Kvim Ges Zvi Av‡`‡ki †hwU‡Z AbygwZ †Ìqv n‡qwQj wewRZ †jvK‡ì †`‡k wd‡i hvevi, whn~`x

mn

L. 2q †Kvim Av‡`kwU Rvwi K‡iwQ‡jb 538 Lªxó c~‡e©| cÖ_g cÖZ¨veZ©bwU N‡UwQj AwZ ªæZ GKRb whn~`xqvi ivR Kg©Pvix

†klemi Øviv hv‡K kvmbKZ©v wnmv‡e wb‡qvM †Ìqv n‡qwQj| wZwb gw›ì cybwbg©vY Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘ †kl Ki‡Z

cv‡ib bvB| cieZx©‡Z, cvim¨ ivR 1 `vwiqv‡mi Aax‡b, Abïv `vq~` eskxq miæeŸvwej I gnv cy‡ivwn‡Zi eskai

†hvk~qvi Aax‡b wdi‡Z ïiæ K‡iwQj| Zviv 516 Lªxó c~‡e© nMq Ges mLwi‡qi Drmv‡ni gva¨‡g gw›ì cybwbg©vY †kl Ki‡Z

K‡iwQ‡jb|

115

L. eBwUi eskZvwjKv †_‡K msKj‡bi ZvwiL g‡b nq Lªxó c~e© 500-423 A‡ãi g‡a¨| GwU ZvwiL AšÍf~©w³ mxgve× K‡i KviY GUv g‡b

nq †h cyivZb wbq‡gi nvjbvMv` HwZnvwmK c‡ivÿ D‡jøL| 2q `vwiqvm Lªxó c~e© 428 A‡ã wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnb K‡ib| Zvi K_v

bwnwgq 12:22 c‡Ì D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q| GQvovI, HwZn¨ cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q †h GB mg‡q cyivZb wbq‡gi K¨vbb P~ovšÍ n‡qwQj|

M. 1 eskvejx 1 I 2 kg~‡q‡ji gZ GKB mgq Kfvi K‡i‡Q, hwÌ, Gi eskZvwjKv Av`g ch©šÍ wM‡q‡Q| 2 eskvejx 1 I 2 ivRvejx

gZ GKB mgq Kfvi K‡i‡Q wKš‘ G‡K AviI e¨vß K‡i‡Q, cÖvq 2 †Kvi‡mi mgq ch©šÍ|


K. kg~‡qj I ivRvejxi HwZnvwmK Dc ’vcbvi g‡a¨ †ek wKQz cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q Ges †miKgB eskvejx‡Z:

1. eskvejx‡Z msL¨v e„nËi (Young, p. 394-400)

K. GwU mvaviY fv‡e mZ¨, 1 esk 21:5 Gi mv‡_ 2 kg~ 24:9 c‡ì Zzjbv Kiæb

L. cÖvqB eskvejx‡Z ÿz`ªZi msL¨v i‡q‡Q, 1 ivRv 4:26 Gi mv‡_ 2 esk 9:29 c‡ì Zzjbv Kiæb

M. †ewki fvM msL¨vi mgm¨v AviI cvIqv hvq LXX Abyev‡` hvi A_© nj ‡m¸wj Lªxó c~e© 250 A‡ãi c~‡e©i ZvwiL

N. E. R. Thiele, Zvi wfwË wew`Y©Kvix eB, The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, 1954, 1965,

wfbœZv e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q hvi Øviv:

(1) ivR‡Z¡i Rb¨ `ywU ZvwiL c×wZ:

K) wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivn‡bi ermi;

L) wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnb bv Kivi ermi|

(2) mn-ivR cÖwZwbwai c`

2. eskvejx `vq~` eskxq whû`vi ivRv‡ì BwZevPK w`K¸wji Dc‡i †Rvi `vb K‡i‡Q

3. eskvejx `vq~` I k‡jvgb m¤‡Ü AwaKvsk †bwZevPK welq¸wj ev` w`‡q‡Q| hwÌ, Young †hgb c‡q›U †`wL‡q‡Qb (c„..395-

398), GUv Zv‡ì e¨w³MZ Rxeb m¤‡Ü cÖvq mewKQzB ev` w`‡q‡Q, †Kej †bwZevPK¸wj bq wKš‘ wKPz BwZevPK w`KI|

4. eskvejx AviI ev` w`‡q‡Q DË‡ii iv‡Rï mKj D‡jøL| Gi KviY AwbwðZ| A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib †h GUv GB Kvi‡Y †h DË‡ii

iv‡Rï mKj ivRvivB Awfhy³ `vb I ê‡_‡j †mvbvi evQzi cÖwZôvi Awf‡hv‡M| `wÿY we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q GKgvÎ mZ¨, wek¦ Í

`vq~` eskxq (Messianic)|

L. eskvejxi BwZnv‡mi êaZvi mg_©‡bi cÖeYZv n‡q‡Q:

1. eskZvwjKvi welq hv mgvšÍivj Gi Øviv:

K. kg~‡qj

L. giæ mvM‡ii cuyw_

M. LXX

2. hLb Masoretic Text Ges Samaritan Pentateuch G Avw`cy ÍK I MYbv cy Í‡Ki eskvejxi eskZvwjKvi wel‡qi mv‡_

mgvšÍivj, ZLb Gi HwZnvwmK êaZv mgw_©Z


K. mswÿß iƒc‡iLv:

1. Av`g †_‡K †kŠj ch©šÍ eskZvwjKvi welqe ‘, 1 esk 1:1-9:44

2. `vq~‡ì ivRZ¡Kvj, 1 esk 10:1-29:30

3. k‡jvg‡bi ivRZ¡Kvj, 2 esk 1:1-9:31

4. wbe©vmb ch©šÍ whû`vi Ab¨vb¨ ivRMY Ges 2q †Kvim ch©šÍ, 2 esk 10:1-36:23

L. wel` iƒc‡iLvi Rb¨ †`Lyb:

1. E.J. Young, An Introduction to the Old Testament, pp. 401-402

2. R.K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament, pp. 1152-1153

3. NIV Study Bible, pp. 581-582

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

116

K. GwU nj whn~`vi wbe©vwPZ ag©ZvwË¡K BwZnvm eëüZ wKš‘ we ÍvwiZ n‡q‡Q 1 I 2 kg~‡qj Ges 1 I 2 ivRvejxi mgvšÍjvj weei‡Yi

mv‡_|

L. GwU wjwLZ n‡q‡Q wbe©vmb DËi mgv‡Ri Rb¨ hv‡ì fxlY fv‡e Rvbv ìKvi wQj wbq‡gi Ck¦i GLbI Zv‡ì Ck¦i i‡q‡Qb| gw›ì

(†h‡nZz †mLv‡b †Kvb ivRv wQj bv) wQj Ck¦i bevwqZ wbq‡gi jÿ¨| wbqg ZLbI kZ©vaxb wQj †gvwki eë ’vi `vexK…Z Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ

eva¨Zvi Dc‡i|

M. GwU g~jZ jÿ¨ †i‡L‡Q `vq~` I Zvi cyÎ‡ì cÖwZ Ck¦‡ii cÖwZÁvi Dc‡i, †hwU cvIqv hvq 2 kg~‡qj 7 Aa¨v‡q:

1. KvR Kiv n‡q‡Q m¤ú~Y© fv‡e `vq~‡ì cyÎ‡ì mv‡_ Ges P~ovšÍ fv‡e gkxn ivRvi mv‡_

2. `vq~`, k‡jvgb Ges whn~`vi ÒCk¦if³Ó ivRv‡ì ivR‡Z¡i BwZevPK weeiY †Ìqv n‡q‡Q

3. 2q †Kvim Øviv Beªxq‡ì whiƒkv‡j‡g cybe©vm‡bi weeiY, 36:22-23

4. fwel¨r `vq~` eskxq ivRvi (gkxn) wPý| GK fv‡e GwU m¤úvw`Z n‡qwQj whn~`vi Ck¦i f³ ivRMY I `vq~` I k‡jvg‡bi

ÒCk¦ifw³iÓ ivR‡Z¡i wjwce× Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g| gkx‡ni cÖZ¨vkv AviI cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q mLwiq I gvjvwL‡Z|

N. GLv‡b AviI †Rvi †Ìqv n‡q‡Q mKj Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì HKë×Zvi Dc‡i| GUv †`Lv wM‡q‡Q GKwÎZ Uvg© ÒmKj B ªv‡qjÓ eënv‡i

(1 esk 9:1; 11:1-3,4; 12:38; 16:3; 18:14; 21:1-5; 28:1-8;29:21,23,25; 2 esk 1:2; 2:8; 9:30; 10:1,16; 12:1;

18:16; 28:23; 29:24; 30:1,6,25-26; 34:7,9,33)

O. eskZvwjKv eëüZ n‡q‡Q:

1. Blªv I bwnwg‡qi gZ, †`Lvq †h cybcÖwZwôZ B ªv‡qj cyivZb B ªv‡q‡ji gZB êa

2. Av`g ch©šÍ Beªxq‡ì BwZnvm mvivsk Kiv n‡q‡Q

†h‡nZz 1 I 2 eskvejx g~jZ 1 I 2 kg~‡qj Ges 1 I 2 ivRvejxi gZ GKBiKg NUbvq mg„×, †m‡nZz GB ywU eB‡qi Uv‡g©i †Kvb gvbwPÎ

ev cÖkœ †bB!

117

Blªv cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO EZRA)

I. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

K. Blªv Ges bwnwgq wneªæ K¨vb‡b (MT) GKwU eB| Baba Bathra 15

K

G‡K ej‡Q Blªv| 1. GwU A¯vfvweK KviY GwU ¯úó eB ywUi Df‡qiB welqe ‘ GKB iKg eskavivi ZvwjKv: Blªv 2:1 †_‡K K‡qKwU c` Ges

bwnwgq 7:6-20 c`| 2. KviY ZvwjKv¸wj, hwÌ mvgvb¨ wfbœZv Av‡Q, Z‡e g~jZ GKB iKg, Bw½Z nj †h GwU g~jZ `ywU eB| 3. GwU wbwðZ n‡q‡Q Blªv 7-10 Ges bwnwgq cy Í‡K ÒAvwgÓ Ask eënvi Øviv|

L. eB`ywUi m¤¢ve¨ mgš‡qi KviY Blªvi (Blªv 7-10) cwiPh© v avivevwnK fv‡e P‡j‡Q bwnwgq 8-10 Aa¨vq ch©šÍ|

M. Blªv Ges bwnwg‡qi wk‡ivbv‡g cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q cÖvPxb Abyev` mg~‡ni g‡a¨:

LXX Vulgate Wycliffe & Coverdale English

Modern English

Esdra B (Beta) Esdra C (Gamma) Esdra A (Alpha)

Esdras I Esdras II Esdras III

I Ezra II Ezra

----

Ezra Nehemiah I Esdras (non-canonica l)

---- Esdras IV ---- II Esdras (non-canonica l)

N. cÖ_g wneªæ †U·U 1448 m‡bi MT ms¯‹i‡Y GB ywU eB‡K fvM K‡iwQj|


K. Blªv eBwU nj wneªæ K¨vb‡bi Z…Zxq fv‡Mi Ask hv‡K ejv nq Ò†jLbx mg~n|Ó

L. GwU MT †Z ivLv n‡q‡Q eskvejxi Av‡M| GwU wPj GKwU A¯vfvweK mw¾ZKiY| KvjvbyµwgK k„sLjv Aek¨B n‡e eskvejx,

Zvic‡i Blªv/bwnwgq| †ek K‡qKwU ZË¡ i‡q‡Q (bwnwgq, II.B)|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. HwZnvwmK eY©bv mivmwi †jLbx c×wZ

L. eBwU Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨vejx †_‡K A‡bK D×…wZ AšÍf~©³ K‡i‡Q:

1. cvim¨

2. whn~`x


K. Baba Bathra 15

K

ej‡Q †h B ªv Zvi eBwU wj‡L‡Qb wKš‘ GwU GB Bw½Z †`q bv †h wZwb bwnwgq eBwUI wj‡L‡Qb| mwZ¨ K_v nj

†h, Ab¨vb¨ whn~`x Drm (Gemara) ej‡Q bwnwgq eBwU †kl K‡iwQ‡jb (BlªvÑbwnwgq)| MT Gi †kl †bvU cvIqv hvq †Kej bwnwgq

eBwUi †k‡l

L. †hv‡ldvm Zvi Contra Apion, 1:8, Ges mvw ©i Melito Gi D×…wZ w`‡q‡Qb Eusebius, EcclesiasticalHistory IV:26,

DfqB †Rvi w`‡q‡Qb Blªvi †jLK‡Z¡i Dc‡i|

118

M. Blªvi AvswkK Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q Aa¨vcK Blªvi Rxebx (7-10 Aa¨vq) †hwU †jLv n‡q‡Q first person G, 7:27-28; 8:1-34; 9:1

†_‡K K‡qKwU c`| mv‡`vK eskxq hvRK Ges Artaxerxes I (Lªxó c~e© 465-424) Gi cvim¨ ivR ìev‡i GKRb †jLK wQ‡jb

Blªv|

N. Blªv/bwnwgq Ges eskvejxi g‡a¨ A‡bK mv`„k¨ we`¨gvb:

1. wneªæ‡Z 2 eskvejx 36:22-23 c‡ì †kl cÖvq GKB iK‡gi Blªv 1:1-4 c‡ì gZ

2. DfqB eB‡qiB GKB iKg ag©ZvwË¡K w`Kmg~n:

K. gw›ì I hvRK‡Z¡i Dc‡i jÿ¨ ivLv (we‡kl K‡i †jexq‡ì ZvwjKv)

L. cwimsL¨vbMZ Z_¨vejx Ges eskvZvwjKvi e¨vcK eënvi

3. Dfq cy Í‡K fvlvi eënvi I mvwnZ¨ c×wZ mv`„k¨c~Y©

4. Dfq eB‡ZB †kl w`‡Ki wneªæ eënvi n‡q‡Q

5. hwÌ, GwU Aek¨B ejv ìKvi †h †mLv‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cv_©KÏ i‡q‡Q:

K. ivRKxq bvg¸wji evbv‡b;

L. Blªv Ges bwnwgq jÿ¨ ‡i‡L‡Q †gvwki mv‡_ wbq‡gi hLb 1 I 2 eskvejxi jÿ¨ wQj `vq~‡ì mv‡_ Kiv wbq‡gi cÖwZ|

O. Origen (185-253 mb), Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi Lªxwóqvb cwÛZ, cÖ_g Blªv I bwnwgq bv‡g g~j eBwU‡K wef³ K‡iwQ‡jb| Jerome Zvi

j¨vwUb Vulgate G GKB KvR K‡iwQ‡jb|

P. cÖ_g wneªæ cvÛzwjwc 1448 m‡b eBwU‡K wefvM K‡iwQj| „k¨Z GB mg‡q whn~`xiv PvB‡Zv wneªæ eY©gvjvi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L cyivZb

wbq‡g †KejgvÎ 22wU eB‡qi|

Q. †jLK/msKjK A‡bK Drm eënvi K‡i‡Qb:

1. cvim¨ Z_¨vejx

2. whn~`x‡ì bw_cÎ:

K. YHWH Gi gw›`‡ii cvÎmg~‡ni ZvwjKv †h¸wj evwe‡j wQj, 1:9-11; 7:19-20

L. wbe©vmb †_‡K cÖZ¨vMZ‡ì ZvwjKv, 2:1-70; 8:1-20

M. Blªvi eskZvwjKv, 7:1-5

N. hviv Ab¨‡ì mv‡_ weevn eÜ‡b Ave× n‡qwQj Zv‡ì ZvwjKv, 10:18-43

V. ZvwiL

K. Blªv mv‡`vK eskavivi GKRb fveev`x (7:2) Ges Artaxerxes I Gi (Lªxó c~e© 465-424) ivR‡Z¡i mg‡q Aa¨vcK wQ‡jb:

1. Lªxó c~e© 458 A‡ã, wbe©vmb †_‡K cÖZ¨vMZ whn~`x‡ì Z…Zxq `‡ji mv‡_ Artaxerxes I Gi mßg erm‡i Blªv whiƒkv‡j‡g

G‡mwQ‡jb|

2. Lªxó c~e© 445 A‡ã, GKRb cvim¨ kvmbKZ©v wnmv‡e Artaxerxes I Gi weskwZZg erm‡i bwnwgq whiƒkv‡j‡g G‡mwQ‡jb|

L. GwU g‡b nq †h Blªv/bwnwg‡qi eskZvwjKv †jLK ev msKjK Lªxó c~e© 5g kZ‡Ki †k‡l K‡iwQ‡jb:

1. GwU a‡i †bIqv n‡q‡Q †h 1 esk 3:15-24 c` miæeŸvwe‡ji c‡i Pvi cÖR‡b¥i ZvwjKv K‡i‡Q, Qq cÖRb¥ bq;

2. GwU a‡i †bIqv n‡q‡Q †h bwnwgq 12:10-11 c‡ì hÏ~q wQ‡jb:

K. hÏ~qi gZ GKB bq †hwU †hv‡ldvm gnvb Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii (Lªxó c~e© 336-323) mg‡q †i‡L‡Qb;

L. A_ev †mB esk ZvwjKv mshy³ n‡q‡Q GKRb m¤úv`K Øviv, g~j †jLbx wjwLZ nevi c‡i, Z_¨mg~n‡K nvjbvMv` Kivi

D‡Ï‡k¨;

M. A_ev bwnwg‡qi mg‡q wZwb Lye †QvU wQ‡jb Ges Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii mgq ch©šÍ w`b Lye e„× eqm ch©šÍ †eu‡PwQ‡jb|

M. GwU GB m¤úK©hy³ BwZnv‡mi †jLKZ¡ †`q cÖvq:

1. Lªxó c~e© 440 Blªvi Rb¨

2. Lªxó c~e© 430 bwnwg‡qi Rb¨

3. Lªxó c~e© 400 eskvejxi Rb¨


K. Blªvi Z_¨vejxi KvVv‡gv cvim¨‡ì mgqKv‡ji miKvix Z_¨vejxi c×wZ I bgybv AbymiY K‡i:

119

1. ‡Kvi‡mi ivRvÁv(wneªæ Abyev`), 1:2-4 c`| (whiƒkv‡j‡g wd‡i hvIqv I gw›ì m¤‡Ü)

2. Artaxerxes I Gi Kv‡Q †iû‡gi êa Awf‡hvM, 4:7-16 c`| (whiƒkv‡j‡gi cÖvPxi m¤‡Ü)

3. Artaxerxes I Gi mvov cÖ v‡bi `vwqZ¡, 4:17-22 c`

4. Darius I Gi Kv‡Q ZËb‡qi AvBbMZ Awf‡hvM, 5:6-17 c`

5. Darius I Gi mvov c`vb (gw›ì m¤‡Ü):

K. †Kvi‡mi ivRvÁvi D×…wZ, 6:2-5 c`

L. ZËb‡qi cÖwZ `vwiqv‡mi e¨w³MZ mvov cÖ vb, 6:6-12, 13 c`

Blªvi Kv‡Q Artaxerxes I Gi ivRvÁv, 7:12-26 c`

L. Elephantine papyri (Lªxó c~e© 408) mvbejøU Gi K_v D‡jøL K‡i Blªv/bwnwg‡qi HwZnvwmKZv‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Q (evwe‡ji Sin-Uballit), bwnwgq 2:10,19; 4:1 c`|GwU AviI cÖ k©b K‡i‡Q ivRKxq Aivwg‡Ki c×wZ|

M. my‡°v‡_ †ek wKQz iƒcvi cvÎ cvIqv †M‡Q hvi Dc‡i DrKxY© Av‡Q Ò‡Mk‡gi cyÎ Qainu,Ó †hwU †`Lvq †h Aviexq †Mk‡gi

HwZnvwmKZv Blªv/bwnwgq eB‡Z, †h †Kì ivR¨ kvmb Ki‡Zv (bwn 2:19; 6:1,16)|


K. whiƒkv‡j‡g cÖ_g cÖZ¨vMZiv, 1:1-2:70

1. †Kvi‡mi ivRZ¡Kv‡j (Lªxó c~e© 550-530) †klemi kvmbKZ©v wnmv‡e wbhy³ nb, 5:14 c`| wZwb wQ‡jb whn~`vi GKRb ivRcyÎ,

1:8 c`, m¤¢eZ wh‡nvKx‡bi cyÎ| wZwb gw›`‡ii m¤ú‡ì mv‡_ whiƒkv‡j‡g wd‡i G‡mwQ‡jb, 1:1-11 c`| wZwb gw›`‡ii wfwË

’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘ GwU †kl Ki‡Z cv‡ib bvB, 5:13-17 c`|

2. †Kvim I `vwiqv‡mi ivR‡Z¡i mg‡q (4:5; Lªxó c~e© 522-486) `vq~` eskxq miæeŸvwej kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ n‡qwQ‡jb| †kl

gnvhvR‡Ki eskxq wh‡nvk~‡qi (†hïqv) mv‡_ wZwb whiƒkv‡j‡g wd‡i G‡mwQ‡jb, 2:1-70 c`|

L. miæeŸvwej I wh‡nvk~q Øviv whiƒkv‡j‡g YHWH Gi †gvwk m¤wÜq Avivabvi cybcÖwZôv n‡qwQj, 3:1-6:22 c`|

1. KzwU‡ivrme ce© Ges wbqwgZ DrmM© ïiæ n‡qwQj, 3:1-13

2. `vjvb wbg©vY cÖKí †kl Ki‡Z ivR‰bwZK mgm¨v, 4:1-24:

K. gw›ì, 1:5, 24

L. whiƒkv‡j‡gi cÖvPxi, 6-23

3. fveev`x DrmvwnZ KiwQ‡jb cybwb©gv‡bi wKš‘ Aek¨B A‡cÿv Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q cvim¨ miKvix Aby‡gv`‡bi, 5:1-17

4. †Kvi‡mi ivRvÁv cvIqv hvq Ges miKvix fv‡e gw›ì cybwbg©v‡bi AbygwZ `vb Kiv nq, 6:1-22

M. Aa¨vcK Blªvi Aax‡b Z…_xq cÖZ¨vevmb, 7:1-10:44

1. Blªvi eskZvwjKv Ges whiƒkv‡j‡g cÖZ¨veZ©b, 7:1-10

2. B ªvi Kv‡Q Artaxerxes I Gi cÎ, 7:11-26, Ges Zvi abëv‡ì cÖv_©bv, 7:27-28

3. cÖZ¨veZ©b, 8:1-36

4. wgkÖ weev‡ni mgm¨v, 9:1-10:44

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. Blªv/bwnwgq wbe©vmb DËi, cvim¨ mgqKv‡ji avivevwnK BwZnvm †hLv‡b 2 eskvejx †kl n‡q‡Q

L. GUv †`Lvq wbe©vmb cÖZ¨vMZ‡ì eskMZ êaZv Gi Øviv:

1. †MvwôMZ we ÍvwiZ eskZvwjKv;

2. †jexq‡ì we ÍvwiZ wefvM;

3. Pvwicv‡ki RvwZ‡ì Zzjbvq cÖZ¨vMZ‡ì agx©q Abb¨Zv|

M. Ck¦i hv‡Kv‡ei eskai‡ì mv‡_ wbqg cyb ’vcb K‡i‡Qb

N. GUv †`Lvq GK byZb ai‡Yi Avivabvi bgybv hvi jÿ¨ ’vbxq mgvRM„n Ges Aa¨vcK| GwU Aek¨B, whiƒkv‡j‡gi gw›`‡ii Avivabv‡K

ev` †Ìqv wQj bv|

120


K. Uvg© Ges †kã¸”Q:

1. Òwhiwgq Øviv Kw_Z m`vcÖfzi evK¨ wmw×i wbwgË,Ó 1:1 (NIV, Òejv n‡q‡Q.....Ó)

2. Ò¯‡M©i Ck¦i,Ó 1:2 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. ÒcÖ‡Z¨‡K hv‡ì g‡b Ck¦‡ii AvZ¥v cÖe„wË w`‡jb,Ó 1:5 (NIV, Ò..Ck¦i ü`q Av‡›`vwjZ n‡qwQjÓ)

4. Òm`vcÖfzi M„‡ni cvÎmg~n,Ó 1:7 (NIV, Ògw›`‡ii AwaKv‡ii wRwbm..Ó)

5. Dwig Ges Zzw¤§g, 2:63 (NASB Ges NIV)

6. Òb`xi cicv‡ii cÖ†`kmg~n,Ó 4:16 (NIV, ÒTransEuphratesÓ) 7. n Í, 6:3 (NIV, ÒdzUÓ)

8. †gvwki cy ÍK, 6:18 (NASB Ges NIV)

9. Aa¨vcK, 7:6 (NIV, ÒwkÿKÓ)

10. b_xbxq, 7:24 (NIV, Ògw›`‡ii †mevKvixÓ)


1. †Kvim, 1:1

3. wg‡_ª _, 1:8, 4:17

4. ‡klemi, 1:8,11; 5:14

5. miæeŸvwej, 2:2

6. †hïqv, 2:2

7. An‡k¦im, 4:6 (NIV, Xerxes) 8. A œài, 4:10 (NIV, Ak~ievwbcvj)

X. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb (msL¨v Øviv) 1. BD‡d«wUm b`x

2. whiƒkv‡jg

3. kgwiqv

4. AKe_v, 6:2


1. wKfv‡e †klemi I miæeŸvwej m¤úK©hy³?

2. 3:6 c` wK 5:16 c‡ì mv‡_ Ø›Ø m„wó K‡i?

3. †Kb Blªv 2 Aa¨v‡qi ZvwjKv cybivq †`Lv hvq bwnwgq 7 Aa¨v‡q?

4. Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ cvi‡mï Dcvaxi êwkó¨ wK wQj hv wbe©vmb DËi eB¸wj‡Z YHWH Gi Rb¨ eëüZ n‡q‡Q?

5. fveev`x nMq Ges mLwiq wK K‡iwQ‡jb, hv 5:1 c‡` D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q, †jvK‡ì DrmvwnZ K‡iwQ‡jb Zv Ki‡Z?

6. whn~`x‡ì Kv‡Q †Kvi‡mi ivRvÁv †Kb GZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wQj?

7. ÒwgkÖ weevnÓ wK wQj? †Kb Blªv I bwnwg‡qi Kv‡Q Zv GZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wQj?

121

122

123

bwnwgq cy Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO NEHEMIAH)

I. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

K. Blªv Ñ bwnwgq MT †Z GKwU eB hvi wk‡ivbvg Blªv| MT Gi †kl †bvU G‡m‡Q †KejgvÎ bwnwg‡qi †k‡l|

L. wewfbœ bv‡gi cwic~Y© Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ GB eB‡K LXX Ges Vulgate G ejv n‡q‡Q (Blªvi cwiwPwZ, 1)

M. bwnwg‡qi bv‡gi A_© ÒYHWH mvšÍ¦bv K‡i‡Qb|Ó


K. Blªv Ñ bwnwgq eBwU nj wneªæ K¨vb‡bi Z…Zxq fv‡Mi Ask hv‡K ejv nq Ò†jLbx mg~n|Ó

L. GwU ÒeskvejxiÓ Av‡M G‡m‡Q †hwU we®§qKi †h‡nZz HwZnvwmKfv‡e/Kvjvbyµg Abymv‡i GwU nj eskvejxi HwZnvwmK weei‡Yi

djvdj| A‡b‡K GwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb GBfv‡e: 1. eskvejx nj Av`g †_‡K †Kvim ch©šÍ eskvejxi mvivsk| 2. BlªvÑbwnwgq K¨vb‡b cÖ_g M„wnZ n‡qwQj| 3. eskvejx †k‡l ivLv n‡q‡Q KviY whn~`xiv †P‡q‡Q K¨vb‡bi †klUv †hb nq GKwU BwZevPK †bv‡U (†Kvi‡mi ivRvÁv)| 4. †KDB mwZ¨Kvi fv‡e Rv‡b bv wneªæ K¨vb‡b †jLbx mg~nÓ wefv‡Mi KvVv‡gvi cwigvc ev hyw³MZ welq|

M. cÖ_g MT Gi wneªæ msKjb `ywU eB‡K wefvM K‡i‡Q 1448 m‡b|

N. hwÌ, Af¨šÍixY cÖgvY †_‡K GUv cÖgvwYZ †h Zviv Avm‡j g~jZ `ywU eB: 1. Blªv 2 Aa¨v‡q we ÍvwiZ eskavivi ZvwjKv Avevi ejv n‡q‡Q bwnwgq 7:6-70 c‡`| bvg¸wj mvgvb¨ wfbœ fv‡e evbvb Kiv n‡q‡Q;

2. Blªv 7:27-28; 8:1-34; 9:1 †_‡K K‡qKwU c‡` ÒAvwgÓ wefvM Ges ÒAvwgÓ wefvM bwnwgq‡Z|

O. †Kb `ywU eB‡K GKwÎZ Kiv n‡qwQj? 1. eB`ywU GKwU BwZnvm iPbv K‡i‡Q| 2. GUv †Rvi w`‡q ejv n‡q‡Q †h †h Kvi‡Y B ªv-bwnwgq eB ywU wneªæ K¨vb‡b GKwÎZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvnj cyivZb wbq‡g eB¸wji msL¨v

wneªæ eY©gvjvi e¨Äbe‡Y©i msL¨vi mv‡_ mgZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z| Gi A_© nj †h cieZx©‡Z D‡jøwLZ eB¸wj GKwÎZ Kiv n‡qwQj: K. wePviKZ©„KMY Ges iæZ

L. kg~‡qj

M. ivRvejx

N. eskvejx

O. Blªv Ñ bwnwgq

P. whiwgq Ñ wejvc

Q. ev‡ivwU †QvU fveev`x

3. Blªvi cwiPh©v KvR †hwU ïiæ n‡qwQj B ªv 7-10 Aa¨v‡q Avi Zv P‡jwQj bwnwgq 8-10 Aa¨vq ch©šÍ|

P. cÖ_g MT Gi wneªæ msKjb `ywU eB‡K wefvM K‡i‡Q 1448 m‡b|

Q. GUv †ek †KŠZzn‡ji †h cÖvPxb wmwiq K¨vbb Ges Mopsuestia Gi w_q‡Wvi (AvwšÍqwLqvi kv ¿ e¨vL¨vi we`¨vj‡qi GKRb †bZv)

eskvejx, Blªv Ges bwnwgq eB¸wj Zv‡ì AbycÖvwYZ eB‡qi ZvwjKv †_‡K ev` w`‡qwQj|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. †`Lyb Blªv IV, D (Blªv, bwnwgq Ges eskvejxi g‡a¨ mv „k¨Zv)

124

L. †`Lyb Blªv IV, G (Z_¨vejxi eënvi)


K. Baba Bathra 15

K

ej‡Q †h Blªv-bwnwgq GKwU eB †hwU wj‡L‡Qb Blªv|

L. Gemara e‡jQb †h bwnwgq eBwU wjL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb (Blªv/bwnwgq)|

V. ZvwiL

K. 19 kZK Ges wesk kZ‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡Ki cwÛ‡Ziv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h Blªv-bwnwgq Ges eskvejx cy ÍK Lªxó c~e© PZz_© kZ‡K wjwLZ

n‡q‡Q KviY:

1. gnv cy‡ivwnZ wh‡nvk~‡qi eskai †h miæeŸvwe‡ji mv‡_ wØZxq cÖZ¨vMZ `‡ji mv‡_ wQj(†Kvi‡mi Aax‡b) †m wQj hÏ~q; †m

ZvwjKvfz³ n‡q‡Q bwnwgq 12:10-11, 12 c‡`|

2. Zviv ej‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Q †h GB hÏ~q †hv‡ldvm ØvivI D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q (Antiquities, XI:302-7) gnv cy‡ivwnZ wnmv‡e (Lªxó

c~e© 351-331) gnvb Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii Lªxó c~e© 333-332 A‡ã c¨v‡j÷vBb Awfhv‡bi mg‡q;

3. GwU miæeŸvwe‡ji lô cÖR‡b¥i mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i‡Q †hwU eskvejx 3:19-24 c‡` ZvwjKvfz³ n‡q‡Q;

4. GB cwÛZ‡ì AwaKvskB AviI mg_©b K‡i‡Qb GB gZvgZ‡K †h Blªv Artaxerxes II (Lªxó c~e© 404-358) Gi mg‡q wd‡i

G‡mwQ‡jb hLb bwnwgq wd‡i G‡mwQj Artaxerxes I (Lªxó c~e© 465-424)Gi ivR‡Z¡i mg‡q;

5. bwnwgq 12:26, 47 c` †`Lvq cieZx© m¤úv`K/msKjK|

L. wesk kZ‡Ki †kl w`‡K iÿYkxj cwÛ‡Ziv ej‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb †h GB wZbwU eB‡qi ZvwiL Lªxó c~e© 5g kZK mgqKvjxb KviY:

1. bwnwgq 12:10-11, 22 c‡ì hÏ~q m¤¢eZ wQ‡jb:

K. Lye †QvU hLb Zvi K_v D‡jøwLZ n‡qwQj Ges `xN© w`b †eu‡P wQ‡jb| wZwb gnv cy‡ivwnZ wnmv‡e bwnwg‡qi ZvwjKvq

ZvwjKvfy³ nb bvB;

L. GKB hÏ~q bq wKš‘ GKB bv‡gi bvwZ (Expositor's Bible Commentary, vol. 4 p. 596-586);

M. ‡hv‡ldvm fyj fv‡e cvim¨ mgqKvj mswÿß K‡i‡Qb KviY cvim¨ kvmK‡ì bvg cybive„wË n‡q‡Q Lªxó c~e© 5g I 4_©

kZ‡K:

(1) AZ©ÿ Í

(2) `vwiqvm

2. 1 eskvejx 3:19-24 c‡` miæeŸvwe‡ji eskZvwjKv ïaygvÎ wM‡q‡Q:

K. `yB cÖRb¥ (Young & Harrison)

L. Pvi cÖRb¥

3. cÖavb NUbvejxi †Kvb HwZnvwmK c‡ivÿ D‡jøL †bB hv Lªxó c~e© PzZ_© kZ‡K c‡jwóqv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj:

K. gnvb Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii vwfhvb (Lªxó c~e© 333-332)

L. we‡`ªvn †hwU Artaxerxes III `gb K‡iwQ‡jb (Lªxó c~e© 358-338)

4. GwU m¤¢e †h hw` hÏ~q gnvb Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii mgKvjxb nq Zvn‡j †jexq‡ì GB ZvwjKv eBwU‡Z cieZx©Kv‡j m¤úv`K Øviv

mshy³ n‡q‡Q, †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q eBwU‡K nvjbvMv` Ki‡Z (Young)| bwnwgq 12:26,47 c‡` Òbwnwg‡qi mg‡qÓ kã¸”Q

m¤úv`‡Ki wel‡q cÖgvY †`q|

5. Blªv Ges bwnwgq GK‡Î Dc ’vwcZ n‡q‡Q whiƒkv‡j‡g; Avjv`v fv‡e wewfbœ ivRZ‡š¿ bq:

K. eë ’v cvV, bwnwgq 8:9;

L. whiƒkv‡j‡gi cÖvPxi DrmM©, bwn 12:26, 36 c`|


K. Elephantine papyri (Lªxó c~e© 408) Blªv/bwnwgq‡Z D‡jøwLZ †ek wKQz †jv‡Ki bv‡gi ZvwjKv K‡i‡Q:

1. mbejøU, kgwiqvi kvmbKZ©v, bwnwgq 2:10,19; 4:1;

2. †hvnvbb, gnv cy‡ivwnZ Bwjqvwk‡ei bvwZ, bwnwgq 12:10-11, 22,23;

3. mywbw ©ó fv‡e GB †jvK‡ì D‡jøL wbwðZ K‡i †h Blªv Ges bwnwgq Artaxerxes I (Lªxó c~e© 464-424) mg‡q evm Ki‡Zb Ges

KvR Ki‡Zb|

125

L. Samarian papyri Avgv‡ì‡K w`‡q‡Q Horowitz mbejøU †_‡K Lªxó c~e© 332 A‡ã gnvb Av‡jKRvÛvi KZ…©K bMiwU asm nIqv

ch©šÍ kgwiqvi mKj kvmbKZ©vi ZvwjKv| †m¸wj AviI ‡`Lvq †h bwnwgq 13:28 c‡ì NUbv Ges †hv‡ldvm Øviv wjwce× 3q

mbejø‡Ui mg‡q GB GKB ai‡Yi NUbv GKB wQj bv|


K. bwnwgq whiƒkv‡jg bMixi cÖvPxb cybwbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb (bMiwU‡K †QvU K‡i †d‡jwQ‡jb), bwn 1:1-7:73:

1. first person G f~wgKv, 1:1-2:20 c`;

2. 52 w`‡b cÖvPxb cybwbg©vb, 3:1-6:19;

3. bwnwg‡qi fvB nbvbx, Zv‡K bM‡ii `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv n‡qwQj, 7:1-73 c`|

L. Blªvi AvwZ¥K ms¯‹vi (avivevwnK fv‡e Blªv 7-10 Aa¨vq ch©šÍ), 8:1-10:39:

1. Blªv eë ’v cvV K‡iwQ‡jb Ges †jv‡Kiv mvov cÖ vb K‡iwQj, 8:1-9; 4;

2. whn~`x‡ì c‡ÿ YHWH Gi KvR LwZ‡q †`Lv, 9:5-31;

3. †jv‡Kiv YHWH Gi Avivabv Kivi Ges Zuvi gw›`‡i mvnvh¨ Kivi kc‡_ wb‡Riv Ave× n‡qwQj (Pzw³ bevqb) 9:32-10:39

c`|

M. bwnwg‡qi cÖkvmwbK ms¯‹vi, 11-13:

1. bwnwg‡qi cÖ_g whiƒkv‡j‡g wd‡i Avmv, 11-12:

K. whiƒkv‡j‡gi †jvK‡ì cÖwZôv Kiv, 11:1-36;

L. hvRK I †jexq‡ì ZvwjKvKiY, 12:1-26, 44-47;

M. whiƒkv‡j‡gi cÖvPxi DrmM©KiY, 12:27-43|

2. bwnwg‡qi wØZxqevi whiƒkv‡j‡g wd‡i Avmv, 13:1-31

K. Pzw³ jsNb, 13:1-5

L. ms¯‹vi, 13:6-31:

(1) †Uvweq‡K gw›`‡ii cwil` †_‡K AcmvwiZ Kiv nq, 13:4-5,8-9;

(2) gw›`‡i DrmM©, 13:10-14;

(3) wgkÖ weevn, 13:1-3, 23-29;

(4) gw›`‡ii Rb¨ e‡›`ve Í, 13:30-31|

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. Blªvi eB‡Z †h BwZnvm ïiæ n‡qwQj GB eB‡Z Zvi avivevwnKZv P‡j‡Q| `ywU eB‡ZB wjwce× n‡q‡Q cÖwZÁvZ †`‡k wbq‡gi mgv‡Ri

cybcÖwZôvi K_v|

L. †hfv‡e Blªv byZb mgv‡Ri AvwZ¥K I wbq‡gi Rxeb m¤ú‡K© DwØMœ wQ‡jb, †mfv‡e bwnwgq DwØMœ wQ‡jb:

1. bM‡ii Pvwiw`‡K myiÿvi cÖvPxi;

2. bM‡ii cÖkvmwbK w`K¸wj|

3. Blªv Ges bwnwgq Df‡q wbq‡gi (†gvkxi) wek¦ ÍZvi wel‡q DwØMœ wQ‡jb| cÖwZgvc~Rv Qvov, Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì cvc, wbe©vPb DËi

mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ Pjgvb wQj|



1. cvbcvÎevnK, 1:11 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. wbkvb, 2:1

3. ÒZvnvi Dc‡i hw` wkqvj D‡V, Z‡e Zvnv‡ì †mB cv_‡ii cÖvPxi fvw½qv cwo‡e,Ó 4:3 (NIV, ÒGgbwK hw` †Kvb wkqvj Gi

Dc‡i I‡V, Zvn‡j †m Zv‡ì cv_‡ii †Ìqvj †f‡½ †dj‡eÓ)

4. ÒAvgv‡ì Kb¨v‡ì †Rvi K‡i ew›` Kiv n‡q‡Q,Ó 5:5 (NIV, Ò..BwZg‡a¨ µxZ`vmx n‡q‡QÓ)

5. ÒAvwg Avcb †Kv‡ji Kvco Svwoqv,Ó 5:13 (NIV, Ò..Avgvi AvjLvjøvi fvRÓ)

6. GKwU †gN Í¤¢, 9:12 (NASB Ges NIV)

126

7. `k©biæwU, 10:33 (NIV, ÒiæwU hv †Uwe‡j mvwR‡q ivLv n‡q‡QÓ)

8. Pvwj‡q hvIqv..., 10:33 (NIV, ÒwbqwgZÓ)

9. cÖ_g dj, 10:35 (NIV, ÒcÖ_gdjÓ)

10. cÖwZ `kR‡b GKRb‡K whiƒkv‡j‡g evm KivBevi Rb¨ ¸wjevU Kwij,Ó 11:1 (NASB Ges NIV)

11. Ò†gvwki cy ÍK,Ó 13:1 (NASB Ges NIV) L. mswÿßvKv‡i e¨w³i cwiwPwZ:

1. nbvbx, 1:2

2. A‡¤§vYxq †Uvweq, 2:10,19

3. ‡nv‡ivYxq mbejøU, 2:10,19

4. Aviweq †M‡kg, 2:19

5. Avmd, 11:17

6. wh`~_yb, 11:17

7. 1 AZ©ÿ Í, 13:6

X. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb 1. kg~kb, 1:1

2. Am‡`v`, 4:7

3. ÒChephirim, I‡bv mg ’jx,Ó 6:2 (NIV, ÒI‡bv mg ’jx‡Z cjøxMÖvgÓ)


1. †Kb bwnwgq GZ ytwLZ wQ‡jb?

2. wKfv‡e wZwb Zvi `ytL‡K cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb?

3. †Kb bwnwgq cvim¨ ˆmb¨ (2:9) wb‡qwQ‡jb wKš‘ Blªv †bb bvB?

4. bwnwg‡qi cÖv_wgK KvR wK wQj?

5. †Kb `wi ª whn~`xiv abx whn~`x‡ì Dc‡i GZ †i‡M wQj (5 Aa¨vq)?

6. whn~`x †jvK‡ì Rb¨ Ck¦‡ii KvR wnmv‡e 9 Aa¨v‡qi iƒc‡iLv Kiæb|

7. 9:17 c‡` Ck¦‡ii êwk‡óï ZvwjKv Kiæb Ges †m¸wji mswÿß e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

8. whiƒkv‡j‡g †Kb ‡KD evm Ki‡Z PvB‡Zv bv (11 Aa¨vq)?

9. bwnwgq †Kb wgkÖ weev‡ni wel‡q GZ nZvk n‡q c‡owQ‡jb?

127

128

129

B‡ói cy Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO ESTHER)

I. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

K. cvim¨ ivYxi cieZx© ivYx GB eB‡qi bvg|

L. wneªæ‡Z Zvi bvg nv`mv hvi A_© ¸j¥ (2:7)| GB Uvg©wU whn~`x‡ì g‡a¨ Avb‡›ì Rb¨ cÖwZwK (mL 1:8)|

M. cvim¨‡Z Zvi bv‡gi A_© ÒZviKv|Ó


K. GB eBwU wneªæ K¨vb‡b AšÍ©f~³ n‡Z mgm¨v n‡qwQj: 1. m¤¢eZ GwU †h‡nZz D‡jøL K‡iwb:

K. Ck¦‡ii †h †Kvb bvg;

L. gw›ì

M. †gvwki eë ’v;

N. DrmM©; O. whiƒkv‡jg; P. cÖv_©bv (hwÌ cÖ‡qvM n‡h‡Q)|

2. giæ mvM‡ii cuyw_ †hwU 1947 mv‡j cvIqv wM‡qwQj †mLv‡b cyivZb wbq‡gi cÖwZwU eB‡qi Kwc (m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkK) cvIqv

wM‡qwQj B‡ói cy ÍKwU Qvov 3. B‡ói, iæ‡Zi gZB, byZb wbqg GB ywU eB †_‡K †Kvb D×…wZ K‡iwb 4. eBwU e¨vL¨vKviK‡ì KvQ †_‡K wgkÖ cÖwZwµqv jvf K‡i‡Q:

K. whiƒkv‡jg Zvjgy` (Megilla 7K

) e‡j †h wneªæ K¨vb‡bi Òfveev`xÓ wefvM Ges Ò‡jLbxmg~nÓ wefvM n‡Z cv‡i †kl

n‡q‡Q wKš‘ †Zviv ev B‡ói bq| †m¸wj KLbB webó nqwb (E. J. Young †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q);

L. Maimonides, ga¨ hy‡Mi GKRb whn~`x e¨vL¨vKviK (1204 mb) e‡j‡Qb †h ¸iæ‡Z¡i w`K w`‡q GwU †gvwki eë ’vi

c‡iB wQj;

M. Martin Luther, ‡cÖv‡U÷¨v›U ms¯‹viK, e‡j‡Qb GwU K¨vbb †_‡K ev` †Ìqv DwPr KviY GwU LyeB Judaistic (wZwb

AviI hv‡Kve I cÖKvwkZ ev‡Kï †ejv‡ZI GwU e‡j‡Qb)|

5. GwU weZwK©Z eB‡qi GKwU 70 m‡bi c‡i dixkx Jamnia Øviv Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|

6. ÒDc‡`k‡KiÓ †jLK, hv‡K AviI ejv nq ÒBen Sirah Gi cÖÁvÓ whwb Lªxó c~e© 180 A‡ãi w`‡K wj‡L‡Qb, wZwb KL‡bvB

B‡ói K_v e‡jb bvB|

7. GwU g‡b nq eBwU whn~`x K¨vb‡b M„wnZ n‡q‡Q †gvwki eë ’vi evB‡i cywig (9:28-31) Drm‡ei DrcwËi wel‡q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z| 2

g¨v°vex 15:36 c‡` cywig‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Òg ©L‡qi w`b|Ó

L. B‡ói eBwU nj cuvPwU ¸Uv‡bv/¸Uv‡bv cy Í‡Ki we‡kl ZvwjKvi GKwU Ask hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Megilloth| cvuPwU †QvU eB nj: iæZ,

Dc‡`kK, cigMxZ, wejvc Ges B‡ói, GB eB¸wj wneªæ K¨vb‡bi Ò‡jLbxmg~nÓ wefv‡Mi AšÍM©Z| eB¸wji cÖ‡Z¨KwU c„_K evrmwiK

Drm‡ei w`‡b cvV Kiv nq| cywig Drm‡e B‡ói eBwU cvV Kiv nq|

M. B‡ói †U·U e¨vcK fv‡e MT Ges LXX g‡a¨ wfbœZi| LXX †Z A‡bK `xN© Ges AšÍ©f~³ i‡q‡Q B‡ói I g ©L‡qi cÖv_©bv| GUv

n‡Z cv‡i mvnvh¨Kvix wnmv‡e hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q †hb whn~`x K¨vb‡b M„wnZ n‡Z cv‡i|

N. Hippo (393 mb) Ges Carthage (397 mb)Gi gÛjxi cwil` Lªxwóqvb evB‡e‡ji B‡ói ’vb wbwðZ K‡iwQj|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GwU HwZnvwmK eY©bvg~jK (10:2 c‡` cvVK‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi wb‡Ri Rb¨ cvim¨ ìev‡ii bw_cÎ †_‡K g ©L‡qi weeiY

cvV Ki‡Z)

130

L. †KD †KD ej‡eb HwZnvwmK iƒcK_v (Dcb¨vm) AvwZ¥K mZ¨‡K cÖKvk K‡i‡Q

1. e¨½ eënv‡i

2. mZK©Zvi mv‡_ cwiKwíZ

3. cÖavb PwiÎ‡K BwZnvm †_‡K Rvbv hvq bv


K. GB AÁvZbvgv eBwUi †jLK †K Zv wb‡q A‡bK ZË¡ cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q:

1. ivweŸ Azarias e‡j‡Qb †h 1g `vwiD‡mi ivR‡Z¡i mg‡q gnv cy‡ivwnZ †hvqvwKg, Lªxó c~e© lô kZ‡Ki †kl w`‡K GwU wj‡L‡Qb;

2. Zvjgy`, Baba Bathra 15

K

e‡j‡Q †h gnv mgvRM„‡ni ‡jv‡Kiv B‡ói fzwgKvi K_v wj‡L‡Qb| GwU „k¨Z whiƒkv‡j‡gi †bZv‡ì

GK`j †jvK hvi ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb Blªv †hwU cieZx©‡Z gnvmfvq cwiYZ n‡qwQj| hwÌ Uvg© Òwj‡L‡QbÓ eëüZ n‡q‡Q Z_vwc Gi

A_© n‡e g‡b nq: Òm¤úv`bv,Ó ÒmsKjb,Ó ev ÒmsMÖnÓ Kiv n‡q‡Q;

3. Iben Esra, Clement of Alexandria Ges Josephus (Antiquities, 11:6:1) e‡j‡Qb g ©Lq GwU wj‡L‡Qb wKš‘ B‡ói

10:3 c` g‡b nq Gi mv‡_ Ø›Ø m„wó K‡i (hw` bv cieZx©‡Z m¤úv`K Øviv hy³ nq);

4. Isidore Ges Augustine e‡j‡Qb †h Blªv GwU wj‡L‡Qb|

L. GUv ¯úó †h †KDB Rv‡b bv| GUv g‡b nq wbwðZ †h cvi‡m¨ wbe©vwmZ †Kvb whn~`x wQ‡jb whwb cvim¨ ivR ìevi m¤‡Ü IqvwKenvj

wQ‡jb|

M. GB AÁvZ †jL‡Ki eëüZ Drmmg~n:

1. g`©L‡qi ¯§„wZ, 9:20;

2. cvi‡mï HwZnvwmK Z_¨vejx, 2:23; 3:14; 4:8; 6:1; 8:13; 10:2;

3. m¤¢eZ cÖPwjZ †gŠwLK HwZn¨, we‡kl K‡i cÖ‡`‡k hv N‡UwQj;

4. 9:32 c‡ì Òcy ÍKÓ ej‡Z wK D‡jøL K‡i‡Q Zv AwbwðZ|

V. ZvwiL

K. GB eBwU An‡k¦im bv‡g GKRb cvim¨ ivRvi bvg K‡i‡Q, hvi cvi‡mï A_© ÒcivµvšÍ †jvK|Ó †ewki fvM cwÛZ GKgZ †h Bwb

n‡jb †mB ivRv hv‡K BwZnvm Rv‡b MÖxK Dcvwa bv‡g Xerxes I (Lªxó c~e© 486-465)

L. LXX Ges Josephus, hwÌ, Zv‡iK ÒAZ©ÿ ÍÓ †hwU Xerxes Gi DËivwaKvix Artaxerxes I Gi Dcvwa wQj (Lªxó c~e© 465-

424)

M. B‡ói cÖ_g Aa¨vq, n‡Z cv‡i cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Q MÖxm Awfhv‡bi Rb¨ cviwmqvb cwiKíbvi Awa‡ekb| Avgiv HwZnvwmK †n‡ivWvUvm

(2:8) †_‡K Rvwb †h cvim¨ MÖxm Awfhvb K‡i‡Q Ges Lªxó c~e© 480 A‡ã wc‡i Avm‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q| wZwb e‡j‡Qb †h cvi‡mï ivRv

wbR †`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb Ges Zvi nv‡i‡g †ewk mgq w`‡Z _v‡Kb (9:108)|

N. evB‡e‡ji Kvjvbyµ‡gi Rb¨ eBwU DwPr wQj B ªv 6 Ges 7 Aa¨v‡qi gvSLv‡b ivLv| Blªvi weei‡Y GLv‡b 57 eQ‡ii GKwU M¨vc

i‡q‡Q| GKRbi gvbyl wnmv‡e B ªv‡K 7 Aa¨v‡qi Av‡M cwiwPZ Kiv‡bv nqwb|

O. B‡ói 10:1-3 Bw½Z †`q Xerxes I Gi g„Zzï c‡ii GKwU mgq| Lªxó c~e© 465 A‡ã wZwb ¸ßNvZ‡Ki nv‡Z wbnZ nb|

P. ZvwiL Lªxó c~e© 15 kZ‡Ki †kl w`K g‡b nq wek¦vm‡hvM¨ KviY:

1. B‡ó‡i wneªæi MVb eskvejx, Blªv Ges bwnwg‡qi gZ;

2. cvim¨ †_‡K †bIqv k‡ãi Dcw ’wZ;

3. †jL‡Ki cvi‡mï cÖ_vmg~n I ìev‡ii Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Ávb| Gi GKwU D`vniY n‡Z cv‡i 1:6-8, 10 c`|


K. Nippur Gi KxjKKvi djK wjwLZ n‡q‡Q 1g AZ©ÿ‡Zi ivRZ¡Kv‡j (Lªxó c~e© 465-424) †hwU wbwðZ K‡i‡Q Lªxó c~e© 538 A‡ã

2q †Kvi‡mi wd‡i hvevi AbygwZ `v‡bi c‡i GK wekvj whn~`x Rb‡Mvwôi †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvq Dcw ’wZ|

131

L. Heroditus Gi BwZnvm:

1. Xerxes I Gi m¤‡Ü Heroditus Gi BwZnvm g‡b nq B‡ó‡ii M‡íi mgqKv‡ji mv‡_ Lvc Lvq:

K. MÖxm Avµg‡bi cwiKíbvi Rb¨ RbmvaviY‡K GKwÎZ nevi Rb¨ Avnevb;

L. Zvi civR‡qi c‡i wZwb Zvi nv‡i‡g †ewk mgq KvUvb;

M. Xerxes ‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Q GKRb Lvg‡Lqvjx, †¯”QvPvix I Av‡eM cÖeY gvbyl wnmv‡e|

2. GwU hwÌ, Dfq w`‡KB Kv‡U| Heroditus GQvovI Xerxes I i ¿xi bvg K‡i‡Qb I eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi bvg wQj

Amestris, Ges †m G‡mwQj ÒmvZ cwieviÓ †_‡K| cvim¨ ivRvi mvZRb Nwbô civgk©K wQj (1:14)| Heroditus D‡jøL

K‡i‡Qb †h G‡gw÷ªm Xerxes I Gi MÖxK Awfhv‡b mw½ n‡qwQ‡jb|

M. Persepolis Gi Elamite djK (1 `vwiqvm I Xerxes I Gi ivRZ¡Kv‡j) g`©L‡qi‡ bvg K‡i‡Q dU‡Ki GKRb miKvix Kg©Pvix

wnmv‡e|


K. NIV Study Bible Gi iƒc‡iLv LyeB mvnvh¨Kvix| GwU B‡ó‡ii wZbwU c‡e©i eënvi K‡i‡Q Mí Abymi‡Yi KvVv‡gv wnmv‡e:

1. ivRvi ce©, 1:1-2:18;

2. B‡ó‡ii ce©, 2:19-7:10;

3. cywig ce©, 8-10 Aa¨vq|

L. wek` iƒc‡iLvi Rb¨:

1. NIV Study Bible, p. 719

2. Expositor's Bible Commentary, vol. 4, p. 796

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. ¯úóZ eBwU e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q †gvwki eë ’vi evB‡i evrmwiK cywig Drm‡ei DrcwË (9:28-32)| †gvwki eë ’vi evB‡i Avi GKwU

evrmwiK whn~`x ce© nj Hanukkah| NIV Study Bible Gi 176 c„óvq GKwU DËg ZvwjKv i‡q‡Q|

L. GUv wQj AZ¨vPv‡ii mg‡q Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ wek¦ ÍZvi Rb¨ DrmvnRbK (we‡kl K‡i hviv wbe©vm‡b wQj Zv‡ì Rb¨)|

M. GwU ¯úó fv‡e cÖ k©b K‡i‡Q BwZnv‡m Ck¦‡ii cwiPAibvi n Í‡K, †Kej gvÎ B ªv‡q‡j bq eis cvi‡mÏ| Ck¦‡i †h †Kvb bv‡gi Ges

mvaviY whû`x AvwZ¥K Abykxj‡bi †h †Kvb D‡jø‡Li Abycw ’wZ () wQj AvÿwiK e¨_©Zv gvbweK mKj BwZnv‡m Ck¦‡ii inm¨gq cÖfve

Ges wb‡ ©kbvi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ `v‡bi (4:14)|

N. †KD †KD eBwU‡K †`‡Lb wbq‡g Ave× mgv‡Ri Ges †mB mv‡_ gkx‡ni as‡mi Rb¨ kqZv‡bi Avi GKwU cÖ‡Pó!:

1. Av`‡gi cZb;

2. `~Z‡ì gvby‡li mv‡_ wg‡k hvIqv (Avw` 6);

3. Aeªvnvg I Bmnv‡Ki Zv‡ì ¿x‡ì `y‡i cvVv‡bv;

4. B‡ó‡i whn~`x †jvK‡ì asm|



1. Òmß bcysmK,Ó 1:10 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. Òcvim¨ I gv`xq mß Aa¨ÿ,Ó 1:14 (NIV, Òmß m¤£všÍ e¨w³...Ó)

3. Òcvim¨ I gv`xq AvBb ZvB GwU Ab¨_v Kiv hvq bv,Ó 1:19 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. DccwZœ, 2:14 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. AMvMxq, 3:10; 8:5 (NASB Ges NIV)

6. cyi, 3:7; 9:24 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. †gvni Kivi AvswU, 3:10; 8:2 (NASB Ges NIV)

132

8. cÖv‡`wkK kvmbKZ©v, 3:12 (NASB Ges NIV)

9. Ò¯Y©gq ivR`Û,Ó 4:11; 5:2 (NASB Ges NIV)

10. ÒcÂvk n Í D”P dvuwmKvô,Ó 5:14; 7:9-10 (NIV, ÒcPvËi dzU DPzÓ)

11. Òcywi‡gi GBme w`b,Ó 9:28-32 (NASB Ges NIV)


1. An‡k¦im, 1:1 (NIV, “Xerxes”)

2. ewó, 1:9

3. g`©Lq, 2:5

4. AMvMxq nvgb, 3:1

X. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb Ñ †Kvb gvbwPÎ †bB


1. †Kb ivRvi civgk©‡Kiv ewói cÖZ¨vLv‡b nZvk n‡qwQj (1:16-22)?

2. g`©Lq †Kb nvg‡bi Kv‡Q gv_v bZ Ki‡Zv bv?

3. †Kb nvgb mKj whn~`x‡K asm Ki‡Z PvB‡Zv GKRb whn~`x Zvi Kv‡Q gv_v bZ bv Kivi Kvi‡Y?

4. whn~`x‡ì asm Kivi Rb¨ nvgb ivRvi Kv‡Q wK hyw³ †`wL‡qwQj (3 Aa¨vq)?

5. 4:1-3 c‡` wjwce× whn~`x‡ì †kvK Kivi Abyôv‡bi êwk†ói ZvwjKv Kiæb|

6. wKfv‡e †hvMvb`v‡bi ag©ZvwË¡K gZev` 4:14 c‡ì mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

7. 8:17 c` m¤¢eZ wKfv‡e GB eB‡qi D‡Ï‡kï mv‡_ Lvc Lvq?

133

134

135

cÖÁv mvwn‡Zï f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO WISDOM LITERATURE)

I. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï GKwU cÖPwjZ mvwnZ¨ iƒc 1. †g‡mvc‡Uwgqv (1 ivRv 4:30; whkv 47:10; `vwb 2:2)

K. my‡gwiqvi Dc‡`k g~jK I gnvKvwe¨K (NIPPUR) Dq‡qiB GKwU DbœZ cÖÁvi HwZn¨ wQj|

L. evwe‡ji Dc‡`kK g~jK cÖÁv mshy³ wQj hvRK/hv`yKi‡ì mv‡_| GUv mvaviY jÿ¨ wQj bv| GwU B ªv‡q‡ji gZ DbœZ

mvwnZ¨ ixwZ wQj bv|

M. Ak~wiqviI GKwU cÖÁvi HwZn¨ wQj, Ahiqar Gi wkÿv| wZwb wQ‡jb mb‡nwi‡ei GKRb civgk©K (Lªxó c~e© 704-

681)|

2. wgki (1 ivRv 4:30)

K. ÒVizier Ptah-hotep Gi Rb¨ wkÿvÓ †jLv n‡q‡Q Lªxó c~e© 2450 A‡ãi w`‡K| Zvi wkÿv wQj Aby‡”Q‡` cÖeP‡bi iƒ‡c

bq| †m¸wji KvVv‡gv Kiv n‡qwQj GKRb wcZv Zvi cy‡Îi cÖwZ, †miKgB Ò King Meri-ka-re Gi Rb¨ wkÿvÓ †jLv

n‡q‡Q Lªxó c~e© 2200 A‡ãi w`‡K|

L. Amen-em-opet Gi cÖÁv, †jLv n‡q‡Q Lªxó c~e© 1200 A‡ãi w`‡K, †hwU wn‡Zv 22:17-24:22 c‡ì gZ GKB

iK‡gi|

3. ˆdwbKxqv

a. Ugarit Gi Avwe¯‹vi †`wL‡q‡Q ˆdwbKxqvi I wneªæ cÖÁvi g‡a¨ Nwbô m¤úK©, we‡kl K‡i Q‡›`| evB‡e‡ji cÖÁv mvwn‡Z¨

A‡bK A¯vfvweK iƒc Ges `yj©f kã i‡q‡Q †h¸wj Ras Shamra (Ugarit)Gi cÖZœZvwË¡K Avwe¯‹v‡ii d‡j GLb

†evaMg¨ n‡q‡Q|

b. cigMxZ A‡bKUv ˆdwbKxqvi weevn Mx‡Zi mv`„k¨c~Y© hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q wasps, wjwLZ n‡q‡Q Lªxó c~e© 600 A‡ãi w`‡K|

4. Kbvb (whi 49:7; Iew`q 8) Ñ Albright cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb wneªæ I Kbvbxq cÖÁv mwn‡Zï g‡a¨Kvi mv`„k¨Zv we‡kl K‡i Ugarit Gi Ras Shamra †U·U, †jLv n‡q‡Q Lªxó c~e© 15 kZ‡Ki w`‡K|

K. †Rvov wnmv‡e cÖvqB GKB kã Avwef~©Z n‡q‡Q

L. chiasmus Gi Dcw ’wZ

M. ‡jLbxi Dc‡i †jLv

N. msMxZ msµvšÍ ¯iwjwc

5. evB‡e‡ji cÖÁv mvwnZ¨ AšÍf~©³ K‡i‡Q †ek wKQz B ªv‡qjxq bq Ggb wKQz †jLbx:

K. B‡`vg †_‡K B‡qve

L. gvmv †_‡K AM~o (†mŠw` Avi‡ei GKwU B ªv‡qjxq ivR¨ (Avw` 25:14 Ges 1 esk 1:30)

M. gvmv †_‡K jg~‡qj

L. mvwn‡Zï êwkó¨mg~n

1. cÖv_wgK fv‡e `ywU ¯Zš¿ cÖKvi

K. cÖePbg~jK (DrcwËMZ fv‡e †gŠwLK)

(1) mswÿß

(2) mn‡R ms¯‹…wZMZ fv‡e †evaMg¨ (GKB iKg AwfÁZv)

(3) wPšÍv D‡`ªKKvix Ñ m‡Zï wee„wZi AvKl©K

(4) mvaviYZ Zzjbv eënvi K‡i

(5) mvaviY fv‡e mZ¨ wKš‘ me mgqB mywbw`©ó fv‡e cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨

L. we‡kl wel‡qi `xN©Zi Dbœqb, mvwnZ¨ KvR (mvaviY fv‡e wjwLZ) †hgb B‡qve, Dc‡`kK Ges †hvbv...

(1) GKR‡bi ePb

(2) K‡_vcK_b

(3) cÖeÜ

(4) †m¸wj Av‡jvPbv K‡i Rxe‡bi cÖavb cÖkœvejx I inm¨mg~n

(5) Ávbxiv ag©ZvwË¡K NUbvmg~‡ni eZ©gvb Ae ’v m¤ú‡K© P¨v‡jÄ Rvbv‡Z B”QzK!

M. cÖÁvi e¨w³iƒc`vb (me mgqB gwnjv)| cÖÁv Uvg©wU wQj ¿xevPK|

(1) wn‡Zvc‡`‡k cÖvqB gwnjv wnmv‡e cÖÁv‡K eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q

K) BwZevPK fv‡e:

136

(1) 1:20-33

(2) 8:1-36

(3) 9:1-6

L) †bwZevPK fv‡e:

1) 7:6-27

2) 9:13-18

(2) wn‡Zv 8:22-31 c‡` cÖÁv‡K e¨w³iƒc `vb Kiv n‡q‡Q m„wói cÖ_gRvZ wnmv‡e †hwU Ck¦i Øviv mK‡ji mv‡_ m„ó

n‡qwQj (3:19-20)| GwU g‡b nq †hvn‡bi 1:1 c‡` ÒlogosÓ eënv‡ii †cÖÿvcU hv gkxq hxï‡K D‡jøL K‡i‡Q|

(3) GUv AviI †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i Dc‡`kK 24 Aa¨v‡q|

2. GB mvwnZ¨ eë ’v I fveev`x †_‡K Abb¨ GB Rb¨ †h GwU e¨w³‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ej‡Q wKš‘ RvwZ‡K bq| †Kvb HwZnvwmK ev

ag©MZ c‡ivÿ D‡jøL †bB| Gi cÖv_wgK jÿ¨ cÖwZw`b, mvdj¨RbK, Avb›`c~Y©, ˆbwZK Rxeb hvcb|

3. evB‡e‡ji cÖÁv mvwnZ¨ mv`„k¨c~Y© Gi PZzw`©‡Ki cÖwZ‡ewk‡ì KvVv‡gv‡Z wKš‘ welqe ‘‡Z bq| GKgvÎ mZ¨ Ck¦i nj wfwË hvi

Dc‡i mKj evB‡e‡ji cÖÁv wfwË ’vcb K‡i Av‡Q (B‡qve 12:13; 28:28; wn‡Zv 1:7; 9:10; MxZ 111:10)| (evwe‡j GwU wQj

Apsu, Ea or Marduk| wgk‡i GwU wQj Thoth|)

4. wneªæ cÖÁv wQj LyeB eënvwiK| GwU wQj AwfÁZvi Dc‡i wfwË K‡i, †Kvb we‡kl cÖZ¨v‡`‡ki Dc‡i bq| Gi jÿ¨ wQj e¨w³

†hb Rxe‡b mvdjZv jvf K‡i (mKj Rxeb; cweÎ Ges RvMwZK)| GwU nj Hk¦wiK Òmij mvaviY AbyfzwZ|Ó

5. †h‡nZz cÖÁv mvwnZ¨ eënvi K‡i gvbweK cÖÁv, AwfÁZv Ges ch©‡eÿY GwU wQj AvšÍR©vwZK, ms¯‹…wZi D‡×©| GwU wQj GK

Ck¦iev`x a‡g©i wek¦ k©b †hwU cÖvqB eY©bv Kiv hvq bv, hv B ªv‡qjxq cÖÁv‡K cÖKvwkZe¨ K‡i‡Q|

II. m¤¢ve¨ DrcwË

A. B ªv‡q‡j cÖÁv mvwnZ¨ weKwkZ n‡q‡Q cÖZ¨v‡`‡ki Ab¨ iƒ‡ci weKí ev mgZv wnmv‡e (whi 18:18; whwn 7:26) 1. hvRK Ñ eë ’v Ñ iƒc (†hŠ_) 2. fveev`x Ñ ‰èevYx Ñ D‡Ïk¨ (†hŠ_) 3. Ávbx Ñ cÖÁv Ñ eënvwiK, mdjZvc~Y© cÖwZw`‡bi Rxeb (e¨w³) 4. †h‡nZz B ªv‡q‡j gwnjv fveev`xI wQj, †m‡nZz †mLv‡b gwnjv ÁvbxI wQj (2 kg~ 14:1-21; 20:14-22)|

B. GB ai‡Yi mvwnZ¨ g‡b nq weKwkZ n‡q‡Q: 1. wkwe‡ii PZzw ©‡K Av¸‡bi cv‡k e‡m mvaviY †jvK Kvwnwb wnmv‡e 2. cvwievwiK HwZn¨ wnmv‡e cyiæl mšÍvb‡ì Kv‡Q G‡m‡Q 3. wjwLZ Ges mgw_©Z n‡q‡Q ivR cÖmv` Øviv:

K. MxZmswnZvi mv‡_ `vq~` m¤úwK©Z

L. wn‡Zvc‡`‡ki mv‡_ k‡jvgb m¤úwK©Z (1 ivRv 4:29-34; MxZ 72 Ges 127)

M. wnw¯‹q cÖÁv mvwnZ¨ m¤úv`bvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z|

III. D‡Ïk¨

K. Gi g~jZ jÿ¨ ÒwKfv‡eÓ myLx I mdj nIqv hvq| GwU cÖv_wgK fv‡e Gi `„wói e¨w³i cÖwZ iv‡L| Gi wfwË:

1. Av‡MKvi cÖR‡b¥i AwfÁZv,

2. Rxe‡b KviY Ges djvdj m¤úwK©Z|

L. GwU wQj mZ¨ n ÍvšÍi Ges cieZx© cÖR‡b¥i †bZv I bvMwiK‡ì wkÿv `v‡bi mvgvwRK Dcvq|

M. cyivZb wbq‡gi cÖÁv, hwÌ me mgq GwU cÖKvk K‡iwb, mKj Rxe‡bi wcQ‡b wbqg‡K DËg wnmv‡e †`‡L‡Q|

N. GwU wQj HwZn¨MZ ag©Z‡Ë¡i cÖwZ P¨v‡jÄ Ges mgZv iÿvi GKwU Dcvq| Ávbxiv wQ‡jb ¯vaxb wPšÍvi †Kvb wjwLZ m‡Zï g‡a¨ vve×

wQj bv| Zviv Ò‡Kb,Ó ÒwKfv‡e,Ó Òhw` Ggb nq,Ó cÖkœ Ki‡Z mvnm Ki‡Zb bv|

IV. e¨vL¨vi PvweKvwV

K. mswÿß Dc‡`kg~jK e³e¨

1. Rxe‡bi cÖPwjZ welq‡K †`‡L mZ¨ cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ eënvi Kiv|

137

2. mnR mij †NvlYvg~jK ev‡K¨ †K›`ªxq mZ¨‡K cÖKvk Kiv|

3. †h‡nZz cÖm½ mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zv bv †m‡nZz GKB wel‡qi mgvšÍivj c¨v‡mR‡K †`L‡Zv|

L. `xN©Zg mvwn‡Zï Ask

1. mgMÖ welqwUi †K› ªxq mZ¨ cÖKv‡k wbwðZ nIqv|

2. cÖm½ †_‡K c` †ei K‡i bv †bIqv|

3. †jLvi HwZnvwmK Dcjÿ¨ ev KviY cixÿv Kiv|

M. wKQz mvaviY fzj e¨vL¨v (Fee & Stuart, How to Read the Bible for All It Is Worth, p. 207)

5. †jv‡Kiv m¤ú~Y© cÖÁvi eB cvV Ki‡Zv bv (B‡qve I Dc‡`k‡Ki gZ) Ges Gi †K›`ªxq m‡Zï w`‡K †`L‡Zv wKš‘ GB eB‡qi

cÖm‡½ †_‡K wKQz Ask Zz‡j wbZ Ges AvÿwiK fv‡e GwU AvaywbK Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Zv|

6. †jv‡Kiv mvwn‡Zï ixwZi Abb¨Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï mvwn‡Zï GwU GKwU D”PZi mswÿß I iƒcKvZ¥K|

7. wn‡Zvc‡`k nj mvaviY m‡Zï e³e¨| Zviv Kjg e¨vcK fv‡e Pvjv‡Zv mywbw`©ó m‡Z¨ bq, cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î, cÖwZwU mgq, m‡Zï

e³‡e¨|

V. evB‡e‡ji D`vniY

K. cyivZb wbqg

1. B‡qve

2. MxZ 1, 19, 32, 34, 37, 49, 73, 104, 107, 110, 112, 127-128, 133, 147, 148

3. wn‡Zvc‡`k

4. Dc‡`kK

5. ci‡gMxZ

6. wejvc

7. †hvbv

L. AwZwi³ K¨vbbg~jK

1. †Uvwe_

2. ‡bm wmivi cÖÁv (Ecclesiasticus) 3. k‡jvg‡bi cÖÁv (cÖÁvi eB)

4. 4_© g¨v°vex

M. b~Zb wbqg

1. wn‡Zvc‡`k Ges hxïi „óvšÍmg~n

2. hv‡Kv‡ei cy ÍK

138

Beªxq KweZv

(HEBREW POETRY)

I. f~wgKv

K. GB ai‡Yi mvwnZ¨ cyivZb wbq‡gi GK Z…Zxqvsk c~Y© K‡i‡Q| GUv we‡kl K‡i wneªæ K¨vb‡b Òfveev`xÓ Ges †jLbxmg~nÓ wefv‡M

mvaviY|

L. GUv BsivRx KweZv †_‡K LyeB Avjv`v| BsivRx KweZv MÖxK I j¨vwUb KweZv †_‡K weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| wneªæ KweZv Lye †ewk cwigv‡Y

Kbvbxq KweZvi mv‡_ cÖPwjZ| wbKU cÖv‡Pï KweZvq †Kvb †Rvi `vbKvix jvBb, Q›` ev Zvj †bB|

M. DËi B ªv‡q‡ji Ugarit (Ras Shamra) Gi cÖZœZvwË¡K Avwe¯‹vi cwÛZ‡ì eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q cyivZb wbq‡gi KweZv‡K| Lªxó

c~e© 15 kZ‡Ki GB KweZvi iƒc ¯úó fv‡e †`wL‡q‡Q evB‡e‡ji KweZvi mv‡_ mvwnZ¨MZ mshyw³|

II. KweZvi mvaviY êwkó¨

K. GwU †ek wbweo wQj|

L. GwU Kíbvq †Póv K‡i‡Q mZ¨, AbyfzwZ ev AwfÁZv cÖKv‡ki|

M. GwU cÖv_wgK fv‡e wjwLZ wQj †gŠwLK bq| GwU Lye D”PZi KvVv‡gvK…Z| GB KvVv‡gv cÖvKvwkZ n‡q‡Q: 1. mgZvi jvB‡b (mgvšÍivjev`)

2. kã †KŠk‡j

III. KvVv‡gv

K. Bishop Robert Lowth Zvi eB, Lectures on the Sacred Poetry of the Hebrews (1753) wQ‡jb cÖ_g whwb wPšÍvi

mgZvi jvBb wnmv‡e evB‡e‡ji KweZv‡K êwkó¨gq K‡iwQ‡jb| †ewki fvM AvaywbK BsivRx Abyev`‡Kiv mymw¾Z KweZvi jvBb

†`Lv‡Z| 1. GKB iKg Ñ †h jvBb¸wj wfbœ wfbœ k‡ã GKB wPšÍv cÖKvk K‡i:

K. MxZ 3:1; 49:1; 83:14; 103:3

L. wn‡Zvc‡`k 20:1

M. whkv 1:3

N. Av‡gvl 5:24

2. antithetical Ñ †h jvBb¸wj wecixZ wPšÍv cÖKvk K‡i Zzjbv ev BwZevPK Ges †bwZevPK e³e¨ cÖKv‡ki Dcvq wnmv‡e:

1. MxZ 1:6; 90:6

2. wn‡Zvc‡`k 1:6,29; 10:1,12; 15:1; 19:4

3. synthetic Ñ cieZx© `ywU ev wZbwU jvBb wPšÍv‡K weKwkZ K‡i Ñ MxZ 1:1-2; 19:7-9; 29:1-2

L. A Briggs Zvi eB, General Introduction to the Study of Holy Scripture (1899)Dbœqb K‡i‡Qb wneªæ KweZvi we‡køl‡Yi

cieZx© avc:

1. emblematic Ñ GKwU evK¨vsk AvÿwiK Ges wØZxqwU iƒcKMZ, MxZ 42:1; 103:3|

2. climatic or stair-like Ñ evK¨vskwU cÖKvk K‡i mZ¨ Av‡ivnb c×wZ‡Z, MxZ 19:7-14; 29:1-2; 103:20-22|

3. introverted or chiastic Ñ GKwU avivevwnK evK¨vsk, mvaviYZ AšÍZc‡ÿ PviwU m¤úK©hy³ Af¨šÍixY jvBb 1 †_‡K 4 Ges 2

†_‡K 3 KvVv‡gv Øviv Ñ MxZ 30:8-10

K

M. G.B. Gray Zvi eB, The Forms of Hebrew Poetry (1915) AviI Dbœqb K‡i‡Qb mgZvi evK¨vs‡ki aviYv‡K Gfv‡e:

1. m¤ú~Y© mgZv Ñ †hLv‡b GKwU jvB‡bi cÖwZwU kã cybive„wË nq ev mgZvi nq wØZxq jvB‡bi kã Øviv Ñ MxZ 83:14 Ges whkv

1:3

2. Am¤ú~Y© mgZv †hLv‡b evK¨vk¸wj GKB ˆ`‡N© i bq Ñ MxZ 59:16; 75:6

139

N. DËg bgybvi cÖKvi

1. eY©gvjvi Dc‡i ‡Ljv (acrostic)

2. e¨Äbe‡Y©i Dc‡i †Ljv (alliteration)

3. ¯ie‡Y©i Dc‡i †Ljv (assonance)

4. k‡ãi cybive„wËi DcU‡i †Ljv (paronomasia)

5. k‡ãi GKB iKg D”Pvi‡Yi Dc‡i †Ljv (onomatopoeia)

6. we‡kl Avi¤¢ Ges mgvwß (inclusive)

O. cyivZb wbq‡g †ek K‡qK ai‡Yi KweZv i‡q‡Q| wKQz wKQz welq m¤úwK©Z Ges wKQz wKQz KvVv‡gv m¤úwK©Z:

1. Aw½Kv‡ii MxZ Ñ MYbv 21:17-18

2. Kv‡Ri MxZ Ñ (c‡ivÿ fv‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ wePvi 9:27 c‡` wjwce× nqwb); whkv 16:10; whi 25:30; 48:33

3. †jvKMuv_v ÑMYbv 21:27-30; whkv 23:16

4. cvbx‡qi MxZ Ñ †bwZevPK, whkv 5:11-13; Av‡gvl 6:4-7 Ges BwZevPK, whkv 22:13

5. fvjevmvi MxZ Ñ cigMxZ, weevn †nuqvwj Ñ wePvi 14:10-18, weevn MxZ Ñ MxZ 45

6. wejvc/‡kvK MxZ Ñ (c‡ivÿ fv‡e D‡jøwLZ wKš‘ 2 kg~‡qj 1:17 Ges 2 esk 35:25 c‡` wjwce× nqwb) 2 kg~ 3:33; MxZ 27,

28; whi 9:17-22; wejvc; whwn 19:1-14; 26:17-18; bn~g 3:15-19

7. hy× MxZ Ñ Avw` 4:23-24; hvÎv 15:1-18; MYbv 16:35-36; wh‡nv 10:13; wePvi 5:1-31; 11:34; 1 kg~ 18:6; 2 kg~ 1:18;

whkv 47:1-15; 37:21

8. †bZv‡ì we‡kl Avkx©ePb ev Avkx©ev` Ñ Avw` 49; MYbv 6:24-26; wØ we 32; 2 kg~ 23:1-7

9. hv`yKix †jLbx Ñ evjvg, MYbv 24:3-9

10. cweÎ KweZv Ñ MxZmswnZv

11. acrostic KweZv Ñ MxZ 9,34,37,119; wn‡Zv 31:10 †_‡K K‡qKwU c` Ges wejvc 1-4

12. Awfkvc Ñ MYbv 21:22-30

13. e¨½ KweZv Ñ whkv 14:1-22; 47:1-15; whwn 28:1-23

IV. wneªæ KweZv e¨vL¨v Kivi wb‡ ©wkKv

K. Íe‡K ev strophe (GwU M‡`¨ GKwU c¨vivMÖv‡di gZ) G †Kw› ªq mZ¨ jÿ¨ K‡i| RSV wQj cÖ_g AvaywbK Abyev` †hwU ÍeK Øviv

KweZv wPwýZ K‡iwQj| mvnvh¨Kvix AšÍ© „wói Rb¨ AaywbK Abyev‡ì Zzjbv Kiæb|

L. iƒcKvZ¥K fvlv wPwýZKiY Ges GwU M‡`¨ cÖKvk Kiv| g‡b ivLyb GB ai‡Yi mvwnZ¨ Lye wbweo, cvVK‡ì Rb¨ A‡bK wKQz iv‡L cyY©

Ki‡Z|

M. KweZv m¤ú‡K© `xN©Zg wel‡q wbwðZ nb Zv‡ì mvwnZ¨ †cÖÿvcU Ges HwZnvwmK Ae ’vb m¤ú‡K©|

N. wePvi 4 Ges 5 Aa¨vq wKfv‡e KweZv BwZnvm cÖKvk Ki‡Z Zv †`L‡Z Lye mvnvh¨Kvix| GKB NUbvi wePvi 4 Aa¨vq nj M`¨ Ges

wePvi 5 nj KweZv|

O. AšÍ©f~³ mgvšÍivjev‡ì cÖKvi wPwýZ Ki‡Z †Póv Kiv, †m¸wj GKB mv`„k¨ c~Y©, êcwiZ¨ bv Avmj bq|GUv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

140

B‡qve cy Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO JOB)

I. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

K. cÖavb Pwi‡Îi bvgvbymv‡i eBwUi bvg| B‡qve Lye cÖPwjZ GKwU bvg| Gi A_© Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q: 1. ÒwcZv †Kv_vqÓ 2. ÒGKRb kÎæÓ 3. ÒGKRb †h gb cwieZ©b K‡i‡QÓ

L. GwU GKwU kw³kvjx, ˆkwíK Ges A_©c~Y© eB: 1. jy_vi e‡j‡Qb Òkv‡ ¿ Ggb PgrKvi Ges Mv¤¢xh©c~Y© eB Avi GKwUI †bB|Ó 2. †Uwbmb e‡j‡Qb Ògnvb KweZv Zv †m cÖvPxb ev AvaywbK hv †nvK bv †Kb|Ó 3. Kvj©jvBj e‡j‡Qb, ÒGi gh©v`vi mgvb evB‡e‡j Avi Ggb wKQz †jLv nqwb ev Gi evB‡i|Ó


K. eBwU nj wneªæ K¨vb‡bi †jLbxmg~n wefv‡Mi|

L. wKQz wKQz wneªæ MSS †Z GwU G‡m‡Q wØZxq weei‡Yi c‡i KviY B‡qve Ges Aeªvnvg GKB HwZnvwmK mgqKv‡j Lvc Lvq|

M. eZ©gv‡b evB‡e‡j B‡qve cy Í‡Ki Ae ’vb KweZvi eB¸wji g‡a¨ hvi m~Pbv n‡qwQj Vulgate ‡_‡K Ges Trent Gi cwil` Øviv GwU

wb×©vwiZ n‡qwQj|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. B‡qve eBwU cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï Lye cÖPwjZ GKwU mvwnZ¨ ixwZi Ask hv‡K ejv nq ÒcÖÁv mvwnZ¨|Ó

L. †h‡nZz eBwU cÖv_wgK fv‡e KweZv hvi f~wgKv (1-2) Ges mgvwß (42) M‡`¨, ZvB cwÛZ‡ì g‡a¨ Gi mvwnZ¨ ixwZ wb‡q A‡bK

Av‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q:

1. HwZnvwmK eY©bvg~jK

2. bvUKxq fv‡e `vk©wbK/ag©ZvwË¡K welq Dc ’vcbv

3. GKwU „óvšÍ

M. B‡qve eBwUi wKQz mvwnZ¨MZ mv`„k¨Zv (wKš‘ ag©ZvwË¡K bq) i‡q‡Q:

1. GKwU my‡gwiq †jLbx hv‡K e‡j Òmy‡gwiq B‡qveÓ hvi ZvwiL Lªxó c~e© 2000 Aã †_‡K

K. first person Awf‡hvM

L. AcÖZ¨vwkZ Kó‡fvM m¤‡Ü

M. Ck¦i Øviv cwiZ¨³ n‡q‡Q

N. ìev‡i ïbvbxi Avby‡iva

O. cvc cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q

2. GKwU evwejxq †jLbx hv‡K e‡j ÒAvwg cÖÁvi cÖfzi cÖksmv Kwie|Ó G‡K KLbI KLbI ejv n‡q‡Q Òevwe‡ji B‡hveÓ hvi ZvwiL

Lªxó c~e© cÖvq 1300-1100 Aã †_‡K

K. first person G ¯vMZ ePb

L. †èZv‡ì Øviv cwiZ¨v³ Ges eÜz‡ì Øviv cwiZ¨vR¨

M. ¯v ’ I m¤ú‡ì P~ovšÍ cybiæ×vi

3. GKwU evwejxq †jLbx hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q ÒgvbweK y`©kv m¤‡Ü K‡_vcK_b|Ó G‡K KLbI KLbI ejv n‡q‡Q Òevwejxq

TheodicyÓ ZvwiL Lªxó c~e© 1000 Aã †_‡K

K. Kó‡fvM m¤‡Ü GKwU acrostic `k AvÁv

L. Kó‡fvMKvix I eÜzi g‡a¨

M. eÜzi AvZ¥cÿ mg_©b HwZn¨MZ `„wófw½‡Z Ges Kó‡fvMKvix Zz‡j a‡i my¯úó mgm¨vmg~n, †hgb `yó‡ì mg„w×

141

N. †Kvb bv †Kvb fv‡e gvbweK e¨_©Zvi djvdj †_‡K mKj mgm¨v Av‡m

4. GKwU wgkixq †jLbx hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q ÒevKcUz K…l‡Ki cÖwZev`|Ó

5. GKwU wgkixq †jLbx hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Òe¨w³ †h Rxe‡b K¬všÍ Zvi AvZ¥vi mv‡_ weZK©|Ó G‡K AviI ejv n‡q‡Q ÒAvZ¥nZ¨vi

Dc‡i weZK©|Ó

N. eBwU‡Z †ek wKQz cÖKv‡ii mvwnZ¨ ixwZ i‡q‡Q| GwU †Kvb GKwU ‡kÖYxi mv‡_ Lvc Lvq bv|

1. ¯MZ ePb/¯MZ Dw³

2. K‡_vcK_b

K. eÜz‡ì

L. YHWH

3. ïiæ I †k‡l M`¨


K. eBwU AÁvZ|

L. Baba Bathra 14

L

ej‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Q †h †gvwk eBwU wj‡L‡Qb| wKQz wKQz wneªæ cvÛzwjwc Ges wmwiq Abyev`, Peshita, wØZxq

weei‡Yi c‡iB G‡K †i‡L‡Q|

M. GUv m¤¢e †h GKRb whn~`x `vk©wbK B‡qv‡ei HwZnvwmK Rxebx wb‡q‡Qb Ges G‡K cwigvR©b K‡i‡Qb `vk©wbK, ag©ZvwË¡K mZ¨ wkÿv

w`‡Z|

N. wKQz wKQz cwÛZ †Rvi w`‡q ej‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb †h KweZv, 3-41 Aa¨vq, GKRb cÖvPxb †jLK Øviv wjwLZ n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b cieZx©‡Z

GKRb m¤úv`K Øviv M‡`¨ gyLeÜ (1-2) Ges mswÿß †kl e³„Zv (42) hy³ n‡q‡Q|

hwÌ, GUv g‡b ivLv ìKvi †h Avgiv Avgv‡ì AvaywbK, cwðgv ms¯‹…wZ‡Z m¤ú~Y© fv‡e cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï †jLbx bgybv Ges

†KŠkj eyS‡Z cvi‡ev bv| Code of Hammurabi KweZv w`‡q ïiæ I †kl n‡q‡Q wKš‘ gaëZx© me wKQz M‡`¨|

O. gvbyl wnmv‡e B‡qve

1. B‡qve wQ‡jb cÖvPxb HwZnvwmK e¨w³ KviY:

K. Zvi K_v D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q whwn 14:14 Ges hv‡Kve 5:1 c‡`

L. Zvi bvg, hwÌ GKB †jvK bq, †`Lv hvq Armarna †U·‡U; wgkixq Execration †U·‡U; Mari †U·‡U, Ges

Ugaritic †U·‡U

M. A_©‰bwZK GKK cvIqv hvq 42:11 c‡`, kesitah, †KejgvÎ †`Lv hvq Avw` 33:19 Ges wh‡nvk~q 24:32 c‡`

2. `„k¨Z B‡qve whn~`x wQ‡jb bv

K. B‡qve I Zvi eÜziv Zv‡ì K_vevZ©vq Ck¦‡ii mvaviY bvg eënvi K‡i‡Q

1. Elohim (Ck¦i) 1-2 Aa¨vq Ges 20, 28, 32, 34, 38

2. El (Ck¦i) A‡bK evi

3. Shaddai (me©kw³gvb) A‡bK evi

L. g‡b nq Edom †_‡K Avmv †Kvb GKRb Ávbx †jvK

1. Uz (Avw` 36:28; whi 25:20; wejvc 4:21)

2. Teman (Avw` 36:11)

3. Zzjbv Kiæb Òc~e© †`‡ki gvbylÓ (B‡qve 1:3; wePvi 6:3,33; whkv 11:14; whwn 25:4,10)

V. ZvwiL

K. GB eB‡qi HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU Lªxó c~e© wØZxq mn ªv‡ãi Avw` wcZv‡ì mgqKv‡ji mv‡_ Lvc Lvq| Gi wKQz D`vniY n‡Z cv‡i:

1. B‡qve Zvi cwiev‡ii hvRK wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡Zb (1:5)

2. B‡qv‡ei `xN© Rxeb ÑÑ 140+ ermi (42:16)

3. M„ncvwjZ cï cvj‡bi Avav hvhvei Rxeb c×wZ|

4. wkexq Ges Kj`xq ågYkxj AvµgYKvix `j (1:15,17)

5. B‡qve eQ‡ii GKwU Ask bM‡i evm Ki‡Zb Ges evKx Ask Zvi cïcvj‡ì mv‡_|

142

L. eBwUi mvwnZ¨ ixwZi ZvwiL cÖÁv mvwnZ¨ Drcv`‡bi mgqKvj| GB mgq n‡Z cv‡i `vq~‡ì mgq †_‡K whn~`vi ivRv‡ì, we‡klZ

wnw¯‹‡qi mgqKvj|

M. R.K. Harrison wek¦vm K‡ib eBwUi †jLvi ZvwiL Lªxó c~e© cÂg kZ‡Ki †kl w`‡Ki c‡i bq hv NUbvmg~‡ni mv‡_ me‡P‡q fvj

Lvc Lvq|

VI. HwZnvwmK ‡cÖÿvcU

K. Dl Gi Ae ’vb AÁvZ| Z‡e `ywU cÖavb ZË¡ i‡q‡Q:

1. B‡`vg †`‡k

K. Gi Ávbx †jvK‡ì Rb¨ cwiwPwZ, whi 49:7

L. B‡`v‡gi GKwU bMi wZgb †_‡K wZb eÜzi GKRb G‡mwQj| G‡mŠi eskai‡ì bvgvbymv‡i Gi bvg wQj, Avw` 36:15|

M. Dl D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q †nvixq †mqx‡ii eskai wnmv‡e, Avw` 36:20-30| GB †jv‡Kiv B‡`vg AÂ‡ji mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z|

N. wejvc 4:21 c‡` Dl B‡`v‡gi mv‡_ wPwýZ n‡q‡Q|

2. Aivg AÂ‡j

K. Aivwgq mvwnZ¨ c×wZ Ges Uvg©mg~n B‡qv‡e cÖPwjZ

L. Kj`xq AvµgYKvix‡ì Dcw ’wZ 1:17 c`|

M. Avwg 10:23 c` Dl Ges Aivg‡K GK‡Î eÜb K‡i‡Q, Avw` 22:20-22 c`|

3. GUv m¤¢e †h Dl bvgwU DË‡i Aivg †_‡K `wÿ‡Y B‡`vg ch©šÍ c¨v‡jóvB‡bi c~‡e©i K‡qKwU †Mv‡Îi bv‡gi mgš‡q MwVZ|

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. M‡`¨ f~wgKv (¯Mx©q cwil`), 1-2

L. B‡qv‡ei eÜziv, 3-37

1. B‡qv‡ei wejvc, 3

2. K‡_vcK_‡bi wZbwU Pµ, 4-31

K. cÖ_g Pµ, 4-14

(1) Bwjdm, 4-5 (4) B‡qve, 9-10

(2) B‡qve, 6-7 (5) †mvdi, 11

(3) wej``, 8 (6) B‡qve, 12-14

L. wØZxq Pµ, 15-21

(1) Bwjdm, 15 (5) †mvdi, 20

(2) B‡qve, 16-17 (6) B‡qve, 21

(3) wej``, 18

M. Z…Zxq Pµ, 22-31

(1) Bwjdm, 22

(2) B‡qve. 23-24

(3) wej``, 25

(4) B‡qve, 26

(5) B‡qv‡ei Dcmsnvi, 27

(6) †jL‡Ki gšÍe¨ (cÖksmv Kiv Ges cÖÁvi inm¨), 28

(7) B‡qv‡ei ¯MZ ePb, 29-31

3. Bwjn~i gšÍe¨, 32-37

K. M`¨, 32:1-5

L. KweZv, 32:6-37:24

M. Ck¦‡ii B‡qv‡ei cÖwZ DËi, 38:1-42:6

K. m„wó KZ©v wnmv‡e Ck¦‡ii DËi, 38-39

L. wePviKZ©v wnmv‡e Ck¦‡ii DËi, 40:1-2, 6-41:34

M. B‡qv‡ei wejvc, 40:3-5 Ges 42:1-6

N. M‡`¨ ‡kl K_v, 421:7-17

143

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. GB eBwU wjwLZ n‡qwQj HwZn¨MZ wbqgvbyiƒc ag©ZvwË¡K mgZv iÿv Ki‡Z (wØ we 27-29) hv nj avwg©‡Kiv GB Rxe‡b Avkxe©v` jvf

K‡i Ges GB Rxe‡b y‡óiv kvw Í jvf K‡i| GB HwZn¨MZ whn~`x ag©ZË¡ cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q B‡qv‡ei wZb eÜzi e³‡eï Øviv| GUv

†bvU Kiv AviI ‡KŠZzn‡ji †h HwZn¨MZ‡ì cÖwZ mywbw ©ó P¨v‡jÄ G‡m‡Q Bwjn~i gZ hye‡Ki KvQ †_‡K †h cÖKv‡k¨ hyw³i Øviv LÛb

K‡i‡Q Ges ms‡kvab K‡i‡Q B‡qve Ges Zvi wZb eq¯‹ eÜz‡ì|

L. GB eBwU †Rvi w`‡q ej‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Q †h Ck¦i b¨vq wePviK Ges †kl ch©šÍ me wKQz mij Ki‡eb, nq GB Rxe‡b (B‡qv‡ei cybiæ×vi

42:10-17) bv nq cieZx© Rxe‡b (14:7-17; 19:23-27|)

M. mKj Kó‡fvMB e¨w³MZ cv‡ci dj bq| hv wZbRb eÜz †Rvi w`‡q ej‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb (4:7-11; 8:3-7; 11:13-15; 15:12-16;

22:21-30)| GwU nj GKwU Ab¨vh¨, cwZZ RMZ| KLbI KLbI y‡óiv mg„w× jvf K‡i (MxZ 73)| cÖvqB avwg©‡Kiv Kó‡fvM K‡i|

kqZvb B‡qv‡ei wek¦vm‡K †`vlvic K‡i‡Q mg_©b cvevi Rb¨|

N. GB eBwU Avgv‡ì AvwZ¥K RMZ m¤‡Ü GKwU AšÍ© „wó `vb K‡i| GKRb †`vlvicKvix Av‡Q, gvby‡li GKRb mywbw ©ó we‡ivaxZvKvix|

kqZvb Ck¦‡ii `vm, cyivZb wbq‡g GKRb wec_Mvgx ~Z (A.B. Davidson, An Old Testament Theology, published by T & T Clark 300-306.) GUv †ei Kiv Lye KwVb †h †Kb kqZvb Uvg©wU definite article G i‡q‡Q| GUv n‡Z cv‡i bv‡gi †P‡q

KvR‡KB †ewk D‡jøL Ki‡Q| †ek wKQz wfbœ wfbœ cÖwZwbwa‡K ÒwecÿKvixÓ wnmv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

1. gvbweK e¨w³

K. 1 kg~‡qj 29:4

L. 2 kg~‡qj 19:22

M. 1 ivRvejx 5:4

N. 1 ivRvejx 11:14-22, 23-25

O. MxZ 71:13

P. MxZ 109:6,20,29

2. ¯M© ~Z

K. m`vcÖfzi `~Z Ñ MYbv 22:21

L. kqZvb Ñ B‡qve 1-2, 1 esk 21:13; mL 3:1-2

O. Ck¦i KLbB B‡qv‡ei Kv‡Q Zvi GB Kó‡fv‡Mi KviYwU cÖKvk K‡ib bvB| Rxeb GKwU inm¨| Ck¦‡ii Dc‡i wbf©iZv Z_¨ Rvbvi †P‡q

AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©!

IX. Uvg© Ges/A_ev kã¸”Q Ges e¨w³i mswÿß e¨vL¨v (NASB)

K. Uvg© Ges/A_ev kã¸”Q

1. wb‡ ©vl, 1:1; 2:3 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. Ck¦i cy‡Îiv, 1:6; 2:1 (NIV, Ò¯M© ~‡ZivÓ)

3. Lvcov, 2:8 (NIV, Òfv½v gvwUi cv‡Îi UzKivÓ)

4. Sheol, 7:9; 11:8 (NIV, ÒKeiÓ)

5. c¨vwcivm, 8:11 (NASB Ges NIV)

6. ine, 9:13; 26:12-13 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. Avev`b, 26:6; 28:22; 31:12 (NIV, ÒasmÓ)

8. gyw³cY, 33:24; 36:18 (NASB Ges NIV)

9. wjweqv_b, 3:8; 41:1 (NASB Ges NIV)

10. e‡n‡gv_, 40:15 (NASB Ges NIV)

11. theodicy

L. e¨w³

1. Òc~e©‡`‡ki †jvK,Ó NASB, (NIV, Òc~e© †`‡ki mKj †jvKÓ) 1:3

2. kqZvb, 1:6

3. wkexq, 1:15

4. Kj`xq, 1:17

5. me© kw³gvb (Shaddai), 6:4,14; 13:3; 22:3,26

144

6. Bwjn~, 32:2

X. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb 1. Dl, 1:1

2. wZgb, 4:1

3. B‡`vgv


1. Ck¦i fq A_© wK? 1:1,9; 28:28

2. B‡qve wK cvcnxb wQ‡jb (wb‡ ©vl)? 1:1,8,22

3. Òc~e© †`‡ki †jvKÓ Kviv wQ‡jbÓ? 1:1

4. wKfv‡e GB mZ¨ †h B‡qve Zvi cwiev‡i hvRK wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡Zb eBwUi ZvwiL wbY©q K‡i‡Q? 1:5

5. ¯‡M© Ck¦‡ii mvg‡b kqZvb wK Bw½Z †`q? 1:6-12

6. wK Dcv‡q kqZvb Ck¦‡ii mvg‡b B‡qve‡K †`vlvic Ki‡Zb? 1:6-12; 2:1-6

7. 14:7-17 c` Ges 19:23-29 c` wK ˆ`wnK cybiæÌv‡bi wkÿv †`q, †Kb ev †Kb bq?

8. Ck¦i wK KLbI B‡qv‡ei cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡q‡Qb?

9. B‡qve wK KLbI ¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h wZwb cvc K‡i‡Qb? 40:3-5; 42:1-6

10. Ck¦i B‡qv‡ei wZb eÜz‡K wK Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb? (42)

11. wKfv‡e B‡qve ej‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb †h Zvi wb‡`©vlxZv Ck¦‡ii PwiÎ‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q? 40:8

145

146

147

MxZmswnZv cy Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO PSALMS)

I. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

K. wneªæ wk‡ivbvg nj ÒcÖksmvi MxZÓ ev cÖksmvÓ (Tehillim)| GwU we®§qKi KviY G‡Z A‡bK MxZ i‡q‡Q †h¸wj wejv‡ci ev

Awf‡hv‡Mi|

L. LXX G Gi wk‡ivbvg nj "psalmos" hvi A_© ÒZz‡j †djv|Ó MxZmswnZvi GB MÖxK Uvg©wU eëüZ n‡q‡Q j~K 20:42; 24:44

Ges †cÖwiZ 1:20 c‡`| mKj MxZB †h ev`¨hš¿ mn‡hv‡M MvB‡Z n‡e Zv A_© K‡i bv, wKš‘ mgMÖ eBwUi wk‡ivbvg LXX G Gfv‡e

†Ìqv n‡q‡Q|


K. MxZmswnZv nj wneªæ K¨vb‡bi Z…Zxq wefv‡Mi Ask hv‡K ejv nq Ò†jLbxmg~n|Ó wneªæ K¨vb‡bi GB wefvM MwVZ n‡qwQj: 1. cÖÁv mvwnZ¨

K. B‡qve

L. MxZmswnZv

M. wn‡Zvc‡`k

2. Drm‡ei eB (Megilloth)

K. iæZ

L. Dc‡`kK

M. cigMxZ

N. wejvc

O. B‡ói

3. HwZnvwmK eB

K. `vwb‡qj

L. Blªv

M. bwnwgq

N. eskvejx

L. msKjb wnmv‡e MxZmswnZv LXX G cvIqv hvq Ges giæ mvM‡ii cyuw_‡Z|

M. cyivZb wbq‡gi Ab¨vb¨ eB‡qi †_‡K byZb wbq‡g MxZmswnZv †_‡K †ewk D×…wZ cvIqv hvq|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GB mvwnZ¨ iƒc cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡P¨ LyeB cÖPwjZ wQj| evB‡e‡ji MxZmswnZv evwej wgki I Kbv‡bi mg‡eZ Mx‡Zi iƒc wefvM

K‡i‡Q| cwÛ‡Ziv Nwbô mshyw³ †`‡L‡Qb Gi g‡a¨:

1. MxZ 104:20-30 c` Ges Aton Gi cÖwZ wgkixq mg‡eZ msMxZ (Lªxó c~e© 14 kZK)

2. MxZ 29 G‡Kev‡i ev‡ji cÖwZ Ugaritic Gi KweZvi GKBiƒc, e¨wZµg †Kej gvÎ Ck¦‡ii bv‡gi cv_©K¨|

L. Ugarit bMi †_‡K Ras Shamra †U·‡Ui cÖZœZvwË¡K Avwe¯‹vi †`Lvq Kbvbxq KweZv Ges MxZmswnZvi g‡a¨Kvi mv`„k¨Zv|

M. mvwnZ¨ ixwZi iƒc nj B ªv‡q‡ji GKwU cÖvPxb mvwnZ¨ ixwZ:

1. ‡gvwki MxZ, hvÎv 15:1-17

2. gwiq‡gi MxZ, hvÎv 15:21

3. B ªv‡q‡ji MxZ, MYbv 21:17-18

4. †`‡evivi MxZ, wePvi 5

5. nvbœvi MxZ, 1 kg~ 2:1-10

6. hv‡k‡ii eB †_‡K e›`bvi MxZ, 2 kg~ 1:17-27

148

N. wZbwU bxwZi iƒc:

1. cÖvksmvi MxZ Ñ êwkó¨ nj GKwU imperative w`‡q ïiæ n‡q‡Q †hgb Òmv`cÖfzi cÖksmv Ki,Ó Òm`vcÖfzi D‡Ï‡k¨ MxZ MvI,Ó

BZ¨vw`|

2. ‡kv‡Ki MxZ Ñ êwkó¨ nj GKwU vocative w`‡q ïiæ n‡q‡Q †hgb Ò†n mv`cÖfz,Ó Ò ci ciB G‡m‡Q †Kvb Awf‡hvM ev Av‡e`b

3. cÖÁvi MxZ Ñ cÖÁv mvwn‡Zï †kÖYxwefv‡Mi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©


K. HwZn¨MZ fv‡e †ewki fvM Mx‡Zi Dc‡i †jL‡Ki bvg †Ìqv n‡q‡Q ev wjwLZ n‡q‡Q| ywU Dcv‡q GB wk‡ivbvg¸wj‡K †`Lv n‡q‡Q:

1. †m¸wj wneªæ †U·‡Ui Ask Ges, †mRb¨ K¨vbb Kiv| hwÌ, giæ mvM‡ii cyuw_‡Z cvIqv MxZmswnZvi Mx‡Zi Dc‡i †Kvb

wk‡ivbvg ev †jL‡Ki bvg †bB|

2. †m¸wj AbycÖvwYZ †jLK‡ì AwiwRbvj bq Ges †`Lv DwPr AbycÖvwYZ mZ¨ bq eis cÖvPxb HwZn¨ wnmv‡e| GUv g‡b nq †h Zv‡ì

g‡a¨ AšÍZ:c‡ÿ ywU Ab¨ K¨vbb Kiv †U·‡Ui mv‡_ GKgZ bq:

K. MxZ 34 Gi wk‡ivbvg ebvg 1 kg~ 21:10 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`

L. MxZ 56 Gi wk‡ivbvg ebvg 1 kg~ 21:10 c`

3. Avi GKwU mgm¨v nj †h wneªæ preposition "of" K‡qKwU fv‡e †evSv †h‡Z cv‡i:

K. ÒØviv wjwLZ n‡q‡QÓ

L. ÒRb¨ wjwLZ n‡q‡QÓ

M. ÒcÖwZ wjwLZ n‡q‡QÓ

N. Ò‡mB mg‡qi AwaKv‡iÓ

O. ÒZvi cwiPvjbvi Awa‡bÓ

L. MT Gi wk‡ivbvg †jLK‡ì bv‡g:

1. `vq~`, (1 kg~ 16:16-18), (MT) 73 Mx‡Zi †jLK; (LXX) 84 Mx‡Zi †jLK; (Vulgate) 53 Mx‡Zi †jLK

2. AÁvZ Ñ 50wU MxZ: 1, 2, 10, 33, 43, 71, 91, 93-97, 104-107, 118-119, 135, 137,146-150

3. Avmd, `vq~‡ì msMxZ `‡ji †bZv, (1 esk 15:16-17; 16:5) 12wU MxZ: 50, 73-83

4. †Kvi‡ni mšÍv‡biv, †jexq ev`¨Ki‡ì `‡ji GKwU cwievi (1 esk 9:19; 15-17) 11wU MxZ: 42-49 e¨vwZµg 43, 84-88

e¨vwZµg 86

5. wh`~_~b, †jexq‡ì msMxZ `‡ji †bZv, (1 esk 16:41-42; 25:1-3; 2 esk 5:12) 3wU MxZ: 39, 62, 77

6. k‡jvgb, 2wU MxZ: 72, 127| ÒØviv wjwLZ n‡q‡Q,Ó ÒRb¨ wjwLZ n‡q‡Q,Ó ÒcÖwZ wjwLZ n‡q‡Q,Ó Òhvi AwaKv‡i,Ó ÒGi

mg‡q,Ó ev ÒZvi cwiPvjbvi Awa‡b|Ó

7. †gvwk, 1wU MxZ: 90

8. BmivwnU (1 esk 6:33; 15:17)

K. G_b, MxZ 89 (A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib Aeªvnvg) 1 esk 15:17,19

L. †ngb, MxZ 88 (†Kvi‡ni GKRb mšÍvb) 1 ivRv 4:31; 1 esk 4:31; 15:19

M. whn~`x †jLbx †_‡K HwZn¨MZ †jL‡Kiv

1. Baba Bathra 14

L

Ñ Ò`vq~` 10 Rb cÖvPx‡bi mvnv‡h¨ MxZmswnZv wj‡L‡Qb, cÖ_g Av`g, I gwé‡l`K I Aeªvnvg I †gvwk I

†ngb I wh ~_~b I Avmd Ges †Kvi‡ni wZbRb mšÍv‡bi mvnv‡h¨|

2. gnvmfv 38

L

(Zvjgy`) 139 MxZ Av`g‡K Ges MxZ 110 gwé‡l`K‡K †jLKZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q

N. LXX †jLKZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q whiwgq, whwn‡¯‹j, nMq, Ges mLwi‡qi Dc‡i (112, 126, 127, 137, 146-149)

V. ZvwiL

K. MxZmswnZvi ZvwiL wbY©q Kiv `ywU Kvi‡Y KwVb:

1. cÖwZwU MxZ wfbœ wfbœ Dcj‡ÿ¨ hv †m¸wj †jLvi KviY n‡q‡Q

2. cuvPwU eB‡qi m¤úv`bvi cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g MxZ¸wj msKwjZ n‡q‡Q

L. B ªv‡qjxq‡ì Rxe‡bi mKj mg‡qi KweZv †_‡K MxZmswnZv AšÍ©f~³ K‡i‡Q:

1. whn~`x HwZn¨ e‡j:

149

K. Av`g wj‡L‡Qb MxZ 139

L. gwé‡l`K wj‡L‡Qb MxZ 110

M. Aeªvnvg wj‡L‡Qb MxZ 89

N. ‡gvwk wj‡L‡Qb, MxZ 90

2. AvaywbK cwÛ‡Ziv MxZmswnZv‡K wZbwU cÖavb mgqKv‡j wef³ K‡i‡Qb:

K. wbe©vmb c~e© (eB¸wj, 1, 2 Ges 4)

L. wbe©vmb (eB 3)

M. wbe©vm DËi (eB 5)

M. GUv ¯úó †h A‡bK Mx‡Zi †jLK wnmv‡e `vq~`‡K ejv n‡q‡Q:

1. `vq~` wQ‡jb GKRb msMxZ mgšqKvix, ev`K I MvqK, 1 kg~ 16:16-18

2. wZwb †jexq‡ì msMxZ `‡ji ev gw›`‡ii msMxZ `‡ji m~Pbv I msMwVZ K‡iwQ‡jb, (1 esk 15:1-16;43, 25:1-31; 2 esk

29:25-30

3. MxZmswnZvi cÖ_g `ywU eB Zvi cÖwZ Av‡ivwcZ, MxZ 72:20

4. Psalter Gi cuvPwU eB‡qB Zvi MxZ †`Lv hvq

VI. PSALTER Gi KvVv‡gv

K. ‡Kvb mvaviY fve ev bgybv †bB| †mLv‡b Av‡Q:

1. GKwU mvaviY f~wgKv (GKRb avwg©K e¨w³i êwkó¨) ÑMxZ 1 Ges m¤¢eZ MxZ 2

2. cvuPwU eB‡qi cÖwZwUi †kl n‡q‡Q doxology w`‡q, 41:13; 72:18-19; 89:52; 106:48

3. GKwU mvaviY mgvcwb (doxology) Ñ MxZ 150

L. cuvPwU eB‡qi êwkó¨

1. eB 1 Ñ MxZ 1-41

K. me¸wj wKš‘ 4wU `vq~‡ì Dc‡i Av‡ivwcZ n‡q‡Q (1,2,10,33)

L. YHWH GLv‡b cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q Gi Dcvwa wnmv‡e, YHWH 273 †_‡K Elohim 15

M. m¤¢eZ `vqy‡ì ‡kŠ‡ji mv‡_ Ø‡›Øi w`b¸wj

2. eB 2 Ñ MxZ 42-72 (72:20 c` †`Lvq m¤úv`K)

K. MxZ 42-49 †Kvi‡ni mšÍvb‡ì cÖwZ (e¨wZµg 43)

L. Elohim GLv‡b cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q Ck¦‡ii Dcvwa wnmv‡e, Elohim 164 †_‡K YHWH 30

M. m¤¢eZ `vq~‡ì ivRv wnmv‡e w`b¸wj

3. eB 3 Ñ MxZ 73-89

K. MxZ 73-83, Avmd

L. MxZ 84-88, †evi‡ni mšÍv‡biv (e¨wZµg 86)

M. 26 MxZ `vq~`‡K Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q

N. 44 evi Ck¦i wnmv‡e Dcvwa YHWH; Elohim 43 evi

O. m¤¢eZ Avk~ixq mgm¨vi mg‡q

4. eB 4 Ñ MxZ 90-106

K. MxZ 101, 103 `vqy‡ì cÖwZ

L. MxZ 90 †gvwki cÖwZ

M. Ab¨ me¸wj AÁvZ

N. YHWH eëüZ n‡q‡Q 104 evi; Elohim 7 evi

O. m¤¢eZ evwewjq mgm¨vi mgq

5. eB 5 Ñ MxZ 107-150

K. MxZ 119 nj Ck¦‡ii ev‡Kï we ÍvwiZ acrostic L. YHWH 236 evi; Elohim 7 evi

M. MxZ 146-150 cÖksmvi MxZ hvi me¸wjB ïiæ n‡q‡Q Òm`vcÖfzi cÖksmvÓ w`‡q

N. Ck¦‡ii fwel¨r Avkxe©v‡ì Rb¨ m¤¢ve¨ Avkv

M. Mx‡Zi avivevwnK b¤‡i cv_©K¨ Av‡Q

1. MT MSS

K. Berachoth 9L

ÑÑ MxZ 1 Ges 2 MYbv Kiv nq 1 wnmv‡e

150

L. Shabbath 16 Ñ †gvU Mx‡Zi msL¨v wQj 147wU hv‡Kv‡ei Rxe‡bi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q

2. LXX

K. MxZ 9 Ges 10 GK‡Î wg‡j ˆZix K‡i‡Q acrostic MxZ

L. MxZ 114 Ges 115 Df‡q GK‡Î n‡q‡Q Hallel MxZ

M. MxZ 116 Ges 147 GB `ywU MxZB `ywU K‡i wef³

3. Mx‡Zi msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i cÖvPxb mgvRM„‡ni evrmwiK kv ¿ cv‡Vi P‡µi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z

N. `jxq MxZ wb×©vi‡Yi Dcvq:

1. fve ev welq Øviv

K. mg‡eZ cÖksmvi MxZ

(1) Ck¦i‡K m„wóKZ©v‡K wnmv‡e, 8, 19, 104, 139, 148

(2) Ck¦i‡K mvaviY fv‡e, 33, 103, 113, 117, 134-136, 145-147

L. abëv`Ávc‡bi mg‡eZ MxZ, 9-10, 11, 16, 30, 32, 34, 92, 116, 138

M. wejvc †kvK/Awf‡hvM

(1) †hŠ_ fv‡e, 12, 14, 44, 53, 58, 60, 74, 49, 80, 83, 85, 89, 90, 94, 106, 123, 126, 137

(2) e¨w³MZ fv‡e, 3-7, 13, 17, 22, 25-28, 31, 35, 38-43, 69-71, 86, 88, 102, 109,120, 130, 139-143

N. ivR‡Z¡i mg‡eZ MxZ

(1) ivRv wnmv‡e Ck¦i, 47, 93, 96-99

(2) B ªv‡q‡ji ivRv ev gkxn, 2, 18, 20, 21, 45, 72, 89, 101, 110

O. wm‡qvb wel‡q mg‡eZ MxZ, 46, 48, 76, 84, 87, 122

P. Avivabv Abyôv‡bi mg‡eZ MxZ

(1) wbq‡gi bevqb, 50, 81

(2) hvRKxq Avkx©ePb, 134

(3) gw›ì wel‡q, 15,24,68

Q. cÖÁv wel‡q mg‡eZ MxZ, 36, 37, 49, 73, 111, 112, 127, 128, 133

R. YHWH Gi wek¦ ÍZvq wek¦vm m¤‡Ü mg‡eZ MxZ, 11, 16, 23, 62, 63, 91, 121, 131

S. wg_¨v †èZv Ges †cŠËwjKZvi †`vlxKiY, 82, 115

2. †jLK ev e³v Øviv

K. `vq~‡ì MxZ †hLv‡b Ck¦‡ii bvg wnmv‡e †ewki fvM eëüZ n‡q‡Q YHWH, MxZ 1-41

L. `vq~‡ì MxZ †hLv‡b Ck¦‡ii bvg wnmv‡e †ewki fvM eëüZ n‡q‡Q Elohim, MxZ 51-72

M. `vq~‡ì †jexq ev`¨Ki I MvqK‡ì Øviv MxZ

(1) †Kvin Ges Zvi cy‡Îiv, MxZ 42-49, 84-88

(2) Avmd Ges Zvi cy‡Îiv, MxZ 73-83

N. cÖksmvKvix‡ì Øviv msMxZ, MxZ 111-118, 140-150

O. Drm‡ei Rb¨ Zx_©hvÎx‡ì whiƒkv‡j‡g Avivabvi Rb¨ AvMg‡bi msMxZ, MxZ 120-134

3. B ªv‡q‡ji BwZnv‡m HwZnvwmK NUbvi Øviv hvi wfwË wk‡ivbv‡gi Dc‡i ‡jLv ev welqe ‘, MxZ 14, 44, 46-48, 53, 66, 68,

74, 76, 79, 80, 83, 85, 87, 108, 122, 124-126 Ges 129

O. m¤úwK©Z MxZ

1. MxZ 14 Ges 53 GKB †Kej e¨wZµg Ck¦‡ii bvg

K. MxZ 14 Av‡Q YHWH

L. MxZ 104 Av‡Q Elohim

2. MxZ 103 Ges 104 mshyw³ Av‡Q:

K. GKB iK‡g Avi¤¢ Ges †kl

L. MxZ 103 Av‡Q D×viKZ©v I cwiÎvZv wnmv‡e YHWH

M. MxZ 104 Av‡Q m„wóKZ©v I iÿvKZ©v wnmv‡e Elohim

3. MxZ 32 Ges 51 DfqB m¤úwK©Z `vq~‡ì er‡kevi mv‡_ cv‡ci

4. MxZ 57:7-11 Ges 60:5-12 c` GKwÎZ n‡q‡Q MxZ 108

5. MxZ 18 cybive„wË n‡q‡Q 2 kg~ 21:1-51 c‡`

P. †Kb 5wU eB‡Z 150wU MxZ

1. m¤¢eZ 150wU MxZ eë ’vi 150wU mgvRM„‡ni wefv‡Mi Rb¨ wekÖvgev‡i cÖKvk¨ cv‡Vi mgvšÍivj|

151

2. m¤¢eZ cvuPwU eB †gvwki cvuPwU eB‡qi mv‡_ mgvšÍivj|

VII. PSALTER G msMxZ welqK Uvg©

K. msMÖxZ welqK Uvg© wjwLZ Av‡Q Mx‡Zi Dc‡i †h¸wj eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q wfbœ wfbœ iK‡gi MxZ eY©bv Ki‡Z

1. MIZMOR A_© ÒUvbv|Ó G¸wj †mB me MxZ hvi A_© G¸wj MvB‡Z n‡e ev`¨hš¿ mnKv‡i| GiKg MxZ Av‡Q 57wU|

2. SHIR D‡jøL K‡i me ai‡Yi Mvb| GiKg MxZ Av‡Q 30wU|

3. MASCHIL ev MASKIL ‡hwU D‡jøL K‡i we‡kl `ÿZvi Mvb ev wkÿvi MxZ| GiKg MxZ Av‡Q 30wU|

4. MITCHTAM ev MITKHTAM Ñ GB Uv‡g©i A_© AwbwðZ| m¤¢ve¨ wneªæ g~j †_‡K Gi A_© n‡Z cv‡i Ò‡mvbvjxÓ ev

Òg~jëvbÓ; Akkadian g~j †_‡K Gi A_© n‡Z cv‡i ÒjyKv‡bvÓ ev ÒAcÖKvwkZÓ; Arabic g~j †_‡K Gi A_© n‡Z cv‡i

ÒcÖvqwðËÓ ev Òÿgv Kiv|Ó GiKg MxZ Av‡Q 6wU|

5. PALAL A_© cÖv_©bv| GwU eëüZ n‡q‡Q `vq~‡ì MxZ eY©bv Ki‡Z eB 1 I 2 †Z (MxZ 72:20)| GwU AviI cvIqv hv‡e 17,

86, 90, 102, 142 Ges m¤¢eZ 12 Mx‡Zi wk‡ivbv‡g|

L. msMxZ welqK Uvg© eY©bv K‡i‡Q MxZ MvBevi ev ev`¨ evRvevi wel‡q

1. SELAH 39wU Mx‡Z 71 evi eëüZ n‡q‡Q Ges neKK~K 3:3,9,13 c‡`| Gi A_© AwbwðZ| Z‡e †ek K‡qKwU ZË¡ i‡q‡Q:

K. LXX †_‡K Ò¯í weiwZÓ a¨v‡bi ev bvUKxq cÖfv‡ei Rb¨

L. wneªæ g~j †_‡K Ò‡Zvjv,Ó †mRb¨, GKwU D”P ’vb ev `~M©

M. ivweŸiv e‡j‡Qb GwU GKwU wbwðZKiY †hgb ÒÔAv‡gbÓ hvi A_© ÒwPiKvj|Ó

2. SHIGGAION ev SHIGIONOTH eëüZ n‡q‡Q MxZ 7 Ges neKK~K 3 Aa¨v‡q| GUv wejvc ev †kvK hv `y:L cÖKvk

K‡i| GwU A‡bK D”PMÖv‡gi Av‡eMxq KweZvi iƒc|

3. NEGINOTH eëüZ n‡q‡Q 6 evi Ges neKK~K 3:19 c‡`| Gi A_© ÒZv‡ii ev`¨h‡š¿|Ó

4. SHEMINITH eëüZ n‡q‡Q 2 evi| Gi A_© n‡Z cv‡i Òoctave Gi Dc‡iÓ ev ÒAv‡Ui Dc‡i|Ó GwU Alamoth Gi

wecixZ, †mRb¨, m¤¢eZ cyiæl K‡Úi Rb¨ (1 esk 15:21)|

5. ALAMOTH eëüZ n‡q‡Q 4 evi| GwU D‡jøL K‡i gwnjv myD”P ¯i (1 esk 15:20)|

6. MECHILOTH eëüZ n‡q‡Q GKevi| Gi A_© ÒevZv‡mi ev`¨h‡š¿|Ó

7. GITTITH eëüZ n‡q‡Q 3 evi| Gi A_© ÒexYvi Dc‡i|Ó

8. AviI †ek wKQz wbw`©ó bv‡gi my‡ii D‡jøL Av‡Q, MxZ 9, 22, 45, 53, 56, 57-59, 60,62, 69, 75, 77, 80 & 88

VIII. MxZmswnZvi D‡Ïk¨

K. B ªv‡qjxqiv wek¦vm Ki‡Zv †h wbq‡gi Øviv mKj Rxeb Ck¦i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| MxZmswnZv nj gvby‡li Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ Rxe‡bi Mfxi

Av‡e‡Mi ewn:cÖKvk|

L. B ªv‡qjxqiv wek¦vm Ki‡Zv GKRb †KejgvÎ GKRbB e¨w³MZ, hZœkxj Ck¦i| wek¦vm †Kvb ag©vbyôvbMZ ev gZev`MZ wQj bv wKš‘

e¨w³MZ Ges cÖwZw`‡bi| MxZmswnZvi Kwevi iƒc Avgv‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡i Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ Avgv‡ì agx©q ¯Ë¡v cÖKv‡k| cyivZb wbq‡gi

cÖavb PwiÎ n‡jb Ck¦i!

M. MxZmswnZv n‡Z cv‡i mKjB ïiæ n‡q‡Q e¨w³MZ wek¦v‡mi GKK Awfe¨w³ wnmv‡e cieZx©‡Z †hwU eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q mgv‡Ri

mK‡ji wek¦vm Øviv (MxZ 23; 139, BZ¨vw`)|



1. ÒAvjv`v K‡i ivLvÓ (kadosh) 4:3 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. Òwbf©iZvÓ (emeth 4:5 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. ÒivRc_ mij KiÓ 5:8 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. Ò‡cÖggq `qvgqÓ (hesed) 6:7 (NIV, ÒwbwðZ fvjevmvÓ)

5. ÒAbyZvcÓ 7:12 (NIV, ÒweMwjZ nIqvÓ)

6. Ògbyl¨ cyÎ,Ó 8:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. ÒcwiÎvY,Ó 9:14 (NASB Ges NIV)

152

8. ÒAZj MZ©,Ó 9:15 (NASB Ges NIV)

9. ÒcvbcvÎ,Ó 11:6; 75:8 (NIV, ÒcÖPziÓ)

10. Òavwg©KZv,Ó 15:2 (NIV, Òavwg©KZvÓ)

11. Ò cherub,Ó 18:10(NIV, ÒcherubimÓ)

12. ÒwcQ‡bi cv‡qi gZ,Ó 18:33 (NIV, Ònwi‡Yi cvÓ)

13. ÒD×viKZ©v,Ó 19:14 (NASB Ges NIV)

14. Ò¸wjevU,Ó 22:18 (NASB Ges NIV)

15. Òg„Zz¨”Qvqvi DcZ¨Kv,Ó 23:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

16. Ò‡Zvgvi c‡ÿi AvkÖ‡q,Ó 57:1; 91:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

17. ÒP‡Ui e ‘v,Ó 69:11 (NASB Ges NIV)

18. ÒRxeb cy ÍK,Ó 69:28; 139:16 (NASB Ges NIV)

19. Òwcw”Qj ’vb,Ó 73:18 (NIV, Òwcw”Qj f~wgÓ)

20. Ò`yóZvi k„sM,Ó 75:10 (NASB Ges NIV)

21. ÒD”P ’vb,Ó 78:58 (NASB Ges NIV)

22. Òine,Ó 89:10 (NASB Ges NIV)

23. ÒZv‡ì KvwUqv †djv,Ó 118:10,11,12 (NASB Ges NIV)

24. Ò‡Kv‡Yi cv_i,Ó 118:22 (NIV, ÒNyY©qgvb `ÛÓ)

25. Ò‡ewì k„sM,Ó 118:27 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. e¨w³

1. evwnbxM‡Yi m`vcÖfz (YHWH Sabboth) NASB, 24:10 (NIV, Òm`vcÖfz me©kw³gvbÓ)

2. wh`~_~b, 62 Gi f~wgKv‡Z (NASB Ges NIV)

3. Bk¥v‡qjxq, 83:6 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. géx‡l`K, 110:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

X. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb 1. wm‡qvb, MxZ 2:6

2. evmb, 22:12

3. Kv‡`k-e‡Y©q, 29:8 (NIV, ÒKv‡`kÓ)

4. n‡g©vY ce©Z, 42:6 (NIV, Òn†g©v‡Yi D”Pf~wgÓ)

5. wk‡jv, 78:60

6. Zv‡evi ce©Z, 89:12

7. evj-cxqi, 106:28 (NIV, Òcx‡qv‡ii evjÓ)


1. †Kb MxZ 2 †K we‡ePbv Kiv nq mve©Rbxb, Ges gkxn welqK MxZ e‡j?

2. MxZ 18:1-2 c‡` Ck¦‡ii eY©bvq wfbœ wfbœ iƒc‡Ki eY©bv Kiæb

3. MxZ 19 G cvIqv `yB ai‡Yi cÖKv‡ki ZvwjKv I e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

4. fveev`xg~jK A‡_© MxZ 22 wK eY©bv K‡i‡Q?

5. MxZ 32 Ges 51 Gi HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

6. MxZ 38 wK welq m¤‡Ü ej‡Q (Avcbvi wb‡Ri K_vq|)

7. MxZ 42:1 c‡ì iƒc‡Ki e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

8. MxZ 51:11-12 c` wK wel‡q ej‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

9. m`vcÖfzi fq ej‡Z wK †evSvq? 67:7

10. MxZ 73 Rxe‡bi †Kvb welq wb‡q msMÖvg Ki‡Q?

11. MxZ 119 Gi KvVv‡gv‡Z wK A¯vfvweKZ¡ i‡q‡Q? Gi mvaviY welqwU wK?

12. MxZ 139 Rxe‡bi †Kvb welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q?

153

154

155

wn‡Zvc‡`k cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO PROVERBS)

I. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

K. wneªæ‡Z wk‡ivbvg nj cÖ_g 7wU c` Ges fve, 7 c`|

L. LXX G G‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Òk‡jvg‡bi wn‡Zvc‡`k|Ó

M. Vulgate G G‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Òwn‡Zvc‡`k cy ÍK|Ó

N. BsivRx wk‡ivbvg G‡m‡Q wneªæ Uvg© †_‡K hvi A_© Ò‡mB gZ nIqv|Ó wn‡Zvc‡`k¸wj mswÿß, wPšÍv D‡`ªKKvix, gšÍe¨, mvaviYZ `yB

jvB‡b|


K. GwU wneªæ K¨vb‡bi Z…Zxq wefv‡Mi Ask hv‡K ejv nq Ò†jLbxmg~n|Ó

L. Zvjgy`, Baba Bathra 14

L

, e‡j‡Q cÖÁvi eBmg~‡ni avivevwnKZv wQj MxZmswnZv, B‡qve Ges wn‡Zvc‡`k| G¸wj hv‡ì Dc‡i

†jLKZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q:

1. †gvwk B‡qve wj‡L‡Qb

2. MxZmswnZv `vq~` wj‡L‡Qb

3. wn‡Zvc‡`k wnw¯‹q wj‡L‡Qb

M. ivweŸiv †Rvi w`‡q ej‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb †h k‡jvgb, whwb Zvi cÖÁvi Rb¨ weL¨vZ wQ‡jb, wZwb wZbwU eB wj‡L‡Qb:

1. hLb wZwb hyeK ZLb wj‡L‡Qb cigMxZ, 2. hLb wZwb gaëq¯‹ ZLb wj‡L‡Qb wn‡Zvc‡`k, 3. hLb wZwb eq¯‹ I wZ³ ZLb Dc‡`kK| GB HwZn¨ GB wZbwU eB‡K GK`j fz³ K‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q LXX G|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. wn‡Zvc‡`k nj cÖÁv mvwn‡Zï GKwU we‡klvwqZ cÖKvi|

L. †ek wKQz cÖKv‡ii Dc‡`kg~jK cÖePb i‡q‡Q (Clyde Francisco, Introducing the OldTestament, p. 265)|

1. HwZnvwmK wn‡Zvc‡`k Ñ G¸wj nj AZx‡Zi weL¨vZ Ges RbwcÖq cÖePb †hwU eZ©gv‡b n‡q c‡o‡Q „p mZ¨|

2. iƒcKMZ wn‡Zvc‡`k Ñ GwU nj yB jvB‡bi cÖePb †hwU wRwb‡mi Zzjbv K‡i: K. Zzjbvg~jK eënvi K‡i, ÒGiƒcÓ ev ÒgZÓ

L. Zzjbv K‡i cv_©K¨ †`Lv‡bv

3. cÖ‡nwjKv Ñ G¸wj nj †nuqvjx ev eyw×i auvav|

4. parabolic wn‡Zvc‡`k Ñ G¸wj `xN©Zg, AviI DbœZ Zzjbv ev cv_©K¨|

5. didactical wn‡Zvc‡`k Ñ G¸wj nj m‡Zï DcKiY miKvix KvR ev †bZ…Z‡Z¡i Rb¨ hyeK‡ì cÖwkÿ‡bi|

M. MxZmswnZvi gZB wn‡Zvc‡`‡ki g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mgvšÍivjev`:

1. synonymous mgvšÍivj Ñ wn‡Zv 8:1

2. antithetical mgvšÍivj Ñ wn‡Zv 28:1

3. synthetic mgvšÍivj Ñ wn‡Zv 26:1


156

K. wn‡Zvc‡`k HwZn¨MZ fv‡e k‡jvg‡bi mv‡_ mshy³, †hgb MxZmswnZv `vq~‡ì mv‡_| Gi KviY nj k‡jvgb Zvi cÖÁvi Rb¨ weL¨vZ

wQ‡jb (1 ivRv 3:12; 4:29-34; 10:1), Ges GQvovI k‡jvg‡bi bvg wn‡Zvc‡`k 1:1; 10:1 Ges 25:1 c‡` D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q|

L. wn‡Zvc‡`k nj m¤úvw`Z msKj‡bi dj †hgb MxZmswnZv| GLv‡b †ek K‡qKRb †jL‡Ki K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q:

1. k‡jvgb Ñ1:1; 10:1; 25:1

2. Ávbx e¨w³ (sages) Ñ 22:17; 24:23

3. AM~p Ñ 30:1

4. jg~‡qj Ñ 31:1

M. wn‡Zvc‡`‡k m¤úv`bvi cÖwµqv †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i 25:1 c‡` †hLv‡b GwU eY©bv Ki‡Q †h wnw¯‹‡qi ìev‡ii †jv‡Kiv k‡jvg‡bi

wn‡Zvc‡`k msKjb K‡i‡Q| m¤¢eZ GB mg‡qi Av‡M A‡bK¸wj †gŠwLK fv‡e cÖPwjZ wQj|

N. 30 Ges 31 Aa¨vq gvmv †_‡K AvMZ †jv‡Ki Øviv| GB Uvg© m¤ú‡K© Abyev`K‡ì g‡a¨ wKQzUv gZv‰bK¨ Av‡Q| A‡bK AvaywbK BsivRx

ms¯‹iY GB Uvg©‡K Abyev` K‡i‡Q Ò‰èevYxÓ ev Ò‡evSvÓ Øviv| Av‡gwiKvi whn~`x cÖKvkbv †mvmvBwU G‡K Abyev` K‡i‡Q GKwU

RvqMvi bvg wnmv‡e| GB MASSA Uvg© nj †mŠw` Avi‡ei Bk¥v‡qjxq iv‡Rï GKwU D‡jøL (Avw` 25:14 Ges 1 esk 1:30)|

O. GKwU my®úó mv`¨k¨Zv i‡q‡Q ÒcÖvÁ‡ì K_vÓ 22:17-24:22 Ges wgkwiq ÒAmenemope Gi wb‡ ©kbvÓ Gi g‡a¨ hvi ZvwiL cÖvq

1200 Lªxó c~e©| AviI e¨vcK Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ †`Lyb John H. Walton, Ancient Israelite Literature in Its Cultural Context, Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1990. pp. 192-197|

V. ZvwiL

K. GB eB‡qi Zvwi‡L MxZmswnZvi gZ GKB iKg mgm¨v i‡q‡Q| `ywU ZvwiL Av‡Q we‡ePbv Kivi Rb¨:

1. cÖwZwU wn‡Zvc‡`‡ki Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v ZvwiL

2. ‡mB ZvwiL hLb wn‡Zvc‡`k¸wj msMÖn K‡i Avgv‡ì K¨vb‡bi eB‡qi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Q|

L. A‡bK wn‡Zvc‡`k k‡jvg‡bi mgqKv‡ji, we‡kl K‡i 10:1-22:16 Ges 25:1-29:27 c`|

M. 30 Aa¨v‡q AM~‡ii K_vi mv‡_ Ugarit Gi Ras Shamra text Gi g‡a¨ A‡bK mv`„k¨Zv i‡q‡Q| GB †U·U¸wj Lªxó c~e© 15

kZ‡Ki|

N. wn‡Zvc‡`‡ki K¨vbbK…Z eB, 1-29 Aa¨vq, msKwjZ n‡q‡Q wnw¯‹‡qi mg‡q (Lªxó c~e© 710-687)| †kl `ywU Aa¨vq cieZx©Kv‡j hy³

n‡q‡Q|


VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. eBwvUi wk‡ivbvg, 1:1-6

L. fve eY©bv, 1:7

M. cÖÁvi cÖksmv (e¨w³iƒc`vb), 1:8-9:18

N. k‡jvg‡bi wn‡Zvc‡`k ( yB jvB‡b Zzjbvq cv_©K¨ Kiv), 10:1-22:16

O. cÖÁvi K_v (wgkwiq cÖÁvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©), 22:17-24:22

P. cÖÁvi AviI K_v, 24:23-34

Q. k‡jvg‡bi wn‡Zvc‡`k (fveMZ), 25:1-29:27

157

R. AM~‡ii K_v (A‡Áqev`xi cÖwZ DË‡i), 30:1-33

S. jg~‡q‡ji L_v (Zvi gv‡qi †_‡K), 31:1-9

T. Ck¦i f³ gwnjvi cÖksmv (acrostic), 31:10-31

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. hwÌ cÖvqB ejv nqwb, wn‡Zvc‡`‡ki wfwË ivLv n‡q‡Q GKRb GK Ck¦iev`x e¨w³MZ Ck¦‡ii Dc‡i whwb m„wó Ges e¨w³MZ

wek¦vmx‡ì Rxeb Dfq †ÿ‡Î mwµq (1:7; 3:5-6; 9:10; 14:26-27;19:23)|

L. GB ai‡Yi mvwnZ¨ mymg wQj (whi 18:18; whwn 7:26):

1. Òeë¯’vÓ (hvRK‡ì)

2. Òfveev`xMYÓ (fveev`xMY)

GwU B ªv‡qjxq‡ì BwZnvm ev ms¯‹…‡Zi miÄvg wQj bv eis cÖ‡Z¨KwU B ªv‡qjxqi myLx, ˆbwZKZvc~Y© Ges mdjZvc~Y© Rxeb hvc‡bi|

M. DrcwËMZ fv‡e GwU cwiKwíZ wQj miKvix KvR ev mgv‡Ri †bZ…‡Z¡i Rb¨ m¤ú`kvjx hyeK‡ì cÖwkÿ‡bi Rb¨ (1:8-9)|

N. GwU cÖwZw`‡bi, eënvwiK, Ck¦i fw³i Rxeb hvcb AbycÖvwYZ AšÍ© „wói Rb¨| Gi êwkó¨ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Gfv‡e ÒHk¦wiK †Nvov

A‡_©|Ó

O. GUv Aek¨B ¯§iY ivL‡Z n‡e †h wn‡Zvc‡`k nj m‡Zï mvaviY wee„wZ| †m¸wj me mgq e¨vL¨v K‡i bv ev e¨w³i mgm¨v ev cwiw ’wZi

MYbv K‡i bv|

IX. Uvg© Ges/A_ev kã¸”Q Ges mswÿßfv‡e e¨w³ wPwýZKiY:


1. wn‡Zvc‡`k (mashal), 1:1 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. cÖÁv (hokmah), 1:2 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. m`vcÖfzi fq, 1:7 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. cÖÁv c‡_ c‡_ PxrKvi Ki‡Q,Ó 1:20 (NIV, ÒcÖÁv c‡_ D”P¯‡i wPrKvi K‡i WvK‡QÓ)

5. ÒA‡ev‡aiv...wb› y‡Kiv...nxbeyw×iv,Ó 1:22 (NIV, ÒmvaviY †jvK...Dcnvm‡Kiv...‡evKvivÓ)

6. we‡`wk ¿x‡jvK, 2:16 (NIV, Òe¨vwfPvwiwYÓ)

7. ÒwZwb n‡jb Rxeb e„ÿ,Ó 3:18 (NASB Ges NIV)

8. Òm`vcÖfzi wbw›`Z,Ó 3:32; 17:15 (NIV, Òm`vcÖfzi N„wYZÓ)

9. Ò†Zvgvi wbR Rjvkq nB‡Z cvb Ki,Ó 5:15 (NASB Ges NIV)

10. ÒGKRb Rvwgb`vi,Ó 6:1 (NIV, ÒwbðqZvÓ)

11. A‡hvM¨ e¨w³ (belial), 6:12 (NIV, Ò`ye„©Ë †jvKÓ)

12. Òm`vcÖfz wbR c‡_i Avi‡¤¢ Avgv‡K cÖvß n‡qwQ‡jb, Ó 8:22 (NIV, Òm`vcÖfz Avgv‡K Zuvi cÖ_g KvR wnmv‡e mvg‡b wb‡q

G‡m‡QbÓ)

13. ÒSheol Ges Abaddon m`vcÖfzi mvg‡b Db¥y³ c‡o i‡q‡Q,Ó 15:11; 27:20 (NIV, Òg„Zz¨ Ges asm m`vcÖfzi mgv‡b

Db¥y³ c‡o Av‡QÓ)

14. D×viKZ©v (Go'el), 23:11 (NIV, ÒiÿvKZ©vÓ)

15. my‡` UvKv avi †Ìqv, 28:8 (NIV, ÒAm½Z my`Ó)

16. ˆèevbx (massa), 30:1; 31:1 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. e¨w³

1. wnw¯‹‡qi †jv‡Kiv, 25:1

2. AM~i, 30:1

3. C_x‡qj, Ckx‡qi, Ges DKj, 30:1

4. jg~‡qj, 31:1

158



1. ÒcÖÁvÓ Ges ÒÁvbÓ GB `yB wneªæ k‡ãi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wK?

2. †Kb 1: 7 c` GZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?

3. †Kb cÖÁv‡K GKRb ¿x‡jvK wnmv‡e e¨w³iƒc `vb Kiv n‡q‡Q?

4. m„wó‡Z cÖÁvi wK Ask wQj? (3:19; 8:27)

5. Ò`ywU c_Ó e¨vL¨v Kiæb (4:10-19)|

6. 30:7-9 c‡ì cÖv_©bv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

7. 31:10-31 c‡` Ck¦i fw³ ¿xi êwkó¨¸wj ZvwjKv Kiæb|

159

160

161

Dc‡`kK cy Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO ECCLESIASTES)

I. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

K. wneªæ‡Z bvgwU nj GKwU kã¸”Q wQj Ò‡Kvnj‡_i evK¨, whwb whiƒkv‡j‡gi ivRv `vq~‡ì cyÎÓ 1:1 c` †L‡K| Gi mswÿß wk‡ivbvg nj

†Kv‡nj_, ‡hwU k‡jvg‡bi Rb¨ eëüZ n‡qwQj 1 ivRv 8:1 c‡`| GwU nj wneªæ Qahal, Gi feminine participle hvi A_©

ÒAvivabvq AvMZ †jv‡KivÓ ev ÒGK‡Î Ro nIqv|Ó

L. eBwU‡K ejv n‡q‡Q ÒDc‡`kKÓ †hwU nj LXX †_‡K GKwU Latinized iƒc| GB MÖxK Uvg© nj ÒZviv hviv GKÎ n‡q‡QÓ Gi Rb¨,

ÒWvwKqv AvbvÓ g~j †_‡K|

M. Uvg© Qoheleth Gi A_© n‡Z cv‡i: 1. GKRb †kÖvZv whwb GKÎ n‡q‡Qb, †mRb¨, GKRb wkÿK, cÖPviK, weZK©Kvix, BZ¨vw`|

2. GKR‡bi Rb¨ m¤¢ve¨ iƒcKMZ whwb mZ¨ Ro K‡ib, GKRb `vk©wbK ev Ávbx e¨w³|


K. Dc‡`kK nj cÖÁv mvwn‡Zï ai‡Yi GKwU D`vniY| B‡qv‡ei gZB, GwU nj GKwU wel‡qi we ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv|

L. GwU nj wneªæ K¨vb‡bi Z…Zxq wefv‡Mi GKwU Ask hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Ò‡jLbxmg~n|Ó

M. GwU AviI cvuPwU †QvU eB‡qi we‡kl `‡ji GKwU Ask hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Megilloth ev ÒcuvPwU ¸Uv‡bv cy ÍK|Ó Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU eB

evrmwiK Drm‡ei mg‡q cwVZ nq| Dc‡`kK eBwU cvV Kiv nq KzwU‡ivrme ev mgvMgZv¤^yi Drm‡e|

N. GB eBwUi g~j cÖK…wZi Kvi‡Y eBwU iÿYkxj ivweŸ‡ì Shammai cwÛ‡Ziv G‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q wKš‘ mgw_©Z n‡q‡Q D`vicš’x

ivweŸ‡ì Hillel cwÛZ‡ì Øviv| GB weZK© whiƒkv‡jg cZ‡bi (70-90 Lªxóvã) c‡i Jamnia Gi mgq ch©šÍ P‡jwQj|

O. cyivZb wbq‡gi †ek wKQz K¨vbbK…Z eB A‡bK K‡ó K¨vb‡b M„wnZ n‡qwQj:

1. Dc‡`kK Ñ wZ³Zv, †bwZevPK, HwZn¨MZ AvZ¥v bq

2. cigMxZ Ñ ˆ`wKn fvjevmvi wbðqZv

3. B‡ói Ñ Ck¦i ev whn~`x gw›ì ev Ab¨ †Kvb ’v‡bi bv‡gi D‡jøL †bB

4. whwn‡¯‹j Ñ Zvi gw›ì †gvwki †_‡K Avjv`v wQj

5. Ges wKQz we ÍvwiZ, `vwb‡qj Ñ 7-12 Aa¨v‡qi inm¨ D`NvUbg~jK fveevYx

P. Dc‡`kK †kl ch©šÍ M„wnZ n‡qwQj KviY:

1. GwU k‡jvg‡bi bv‡g A‡ivwcZ wQj,

2. Gi wQj GKwU HwZn¨MZ Dcmsnvi,

3. GwU gvbweK AwfÁZvi m‡Zï N›Uv evwR‡q‡Q Ges cÖKvk K‡i‡Q wbe©vmb DËi whn~`x mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ wØavØ‡›Øi|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. Dc‡`kK B‡qv‡ei gZB mvgMÖxK wnmv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e| GwU nj GKwU avivevwnK Zxeª e¨½ 12 Aa¨vq †_‡K|

L. GwU nj GKwU nvjKv iwmKZvi gva¨‡g e¨½vZ¡K fv‡e Ck¦i wewnb Rxeb‡K †`‡L‡Q| g~j kã¸”Q nj Òm~‡h© i wb‡P,Ó 1:3, 9, 14;

2:11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22; 3:16; 4:1, 3, 7, 15; 5:13, 18; 6:1, 5, 12; 7:11; 8:9, 15, 17; 9:3, 6, 9, 11, 13; 10:5;

11:7; 12:2 (31 evi)|


K. eBwU bvgnxb ev AÁvZ bvgv|

162

L. whû`x HwZn¨ ej‡Q †h GwU nj k‡jvg‡bi wjwLZ wZbwU eB‡qi GKwU:( Midrash Shir hasherem Rabbah I, 1, sect. 10)

1. cigMxZ hLb wZwb hyeK wQ‡jb,

2. wn‡Zvc‡`k hLb wZwb ga¨ eq¯‹,

3. Dc‡`kK hLb wZwb e„× I wZ³|

M. k‡jvgb wbwðZ fv‡e 1-2 Aa¨v‡q i mvwnZ¨MZ fv‡e e¨_©, KviY Zvi cÖÁv, m¤ú` Ges gh©v`v| wKš‘ GLv‡b wKQz Bw½Z i‡q‡Q †h wZwb

mwZ¨Kv‡ii †jLK bb:

1. 1:12 c‡`, ÒAvwg whiƒkv‡j‡g B ªv‡q‡ji Dc‡i ivRv wQjvg|Ó (NIV) Ñ past tense

2. 1:16 c‡`, Ò..Avgvi c~‡e© whiƒkv‡j‡g †h mKj Aa¨ÿ wQ‡jb, †mB mKj A‡cÿv...Ó (NASB) Ñ †Kej gvÎ k‡jvg‡bi Av‡M

`vqy` wQ‡jb|

3. 4:1-3, 5:8 Ges 8:9 c‡` ivRKxq fv‡e Am`vPi‡Yi wel‡q Av‡jvPbv wKš‘ wbivkvi gZ|

4. k‡jvg‡bi bvgwU GB eBwUi †Kv_vqI †`Lv hvq bv|

N. k‡jvg‡bi †jLKZ¡ wel‡q cwÛZ‡ì Av‡jvPbv (Introduction to the Old Testament, by C. F. Keil, vol. 1, pp. 516-529)|

O. Baba Bathra 15K

ej‡Q wnw¯‹‡qi †jv‡Kiv wn‡Zvc‡`k, Dc‡`kK Ges cigMxZ wj‡L‡Q, wKš‘ GwU ¯úóZ A_© K‡i †h Zviv cÖÁvi

eB¸wj m¤úv`bv ev msKjb K‡i‡Q|

P. Uvg© Qoheleth n‡Z cv‡i †Kvb proper bvg ev Dcvwa| GwU Dcvwai gZ jv‡M KviY:

1. 7:27 I 12:8 c‡` Gi definite article i‡q‡Q,

2. GwU nj feminine iƒc †hwU GKwU `vwq‡Z¡i Bw½Z †`q wKš‘ eëüZ n‡q‡Q masculine verb G,

3. GwU GKwU yj©f Uvg©, mvZevi cvIqv hvq †KejgvÎ GB eB‡Z|

Q. eBwUi GKwU gvÎ †mKkb hv cÖKvk K‡i GKRb †jLK ev cieZx©Kv‡ji m¤úv`‡Ki welq 12:9-14 c‡`| wZwb wbwðZ fv‡e GKRb

Ávbx †jvK, GKRb cÖÁvi wkÿK|

R. `„k¨Z ¯we‡ivwaZv ev Ø›Ø e¨vL¨v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †hfv‡e:

1. e¨½vZ¡K, Ck¦i wenxb Rxeb (Òm~‡h©i wb‡PÓ)

2. G‡K HwZn¨MZ whn~`x cÖÁv Ges P¨v‡jÄ K‡i‡Q (hyw³ LÛ‡bi D×…wZ)

3. GKRb cÖÁvi wkÿK Ges Zvi Drmvwn hyeK QvÎ Ges GKRb eY©bvKvix (K‡_vcK_b)

4. cwZZ gvby‡li g‡a¨ Ø›Ø (GK Rxeb cwÄKv)

5. cieZx©Kv‡ji m¤úv`K, D`vniY 12:9-12 c` (Qoheleth Gi cÖwZ BwZevPK) Ges 12:13-14 (Qoheleth Gi cÖwZ

†bwZevPK)|

V. ZvwiL

K. Dc‡`k‡Ki ZvwiL m¤‡Ü `ywU welq i‡q‡Q:

1. KLb eBwU iPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q,

KLb eBwU Gi P~ovšÍ K¨vbbK…Z iƒ‡c ivLv n‡q‡Q|

L. HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU Aek¨B k‡jvg‡bi mgqKv‡ji c‡i n‡e| wZwb 1-2 Aa¨v‡q eëüZ n‡q‡Q GKRb mvwnZ¨MZ fv‡e e¨_© wnmv‡e|

M. eBwUi P~ovšÍ iƒc wb‡ ©k K‡i cieZx©Kv‡ji Zvwi‡Li K_v:

1. wneªæ mvwnZ¨MZ iƒc nj wbe©vPb DËi wKš‘ Lªxó c~e© 400-300 A‡ãi Av‡Mi|

K. AivwgK kã Ges fve cÖKvk

L. wneªæ iƒc

2. 600-400 Lªxó c~‡e©i ‰dwbwmqvb cÖÁv mvwn‡Zï mv‡_ mvwnZ¨MZ mgvšÍivj i‡q‡Q|

3. Dc‡`k‡Ki c‡ivÿ Dw³ †`Lv †M‡Q Ben Sirah Gi Ecclesiasticus †jLbx‡Z, †hwU wjwLZ n‡q‡Q Lªxó c~e© 180 A‡ãi

w`‡K|

163

4. giæ mvM‡ii cyuw_‡Z (4Q) Dc‡`k‡Ki †ek wKQz †QvU †QvU Ask cvIqv †M‡Q| Gi ZvwiL wb×©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q Lªxó c~e© wØZxq

kZ‡Ki †kl w`K|

VI. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. GB eBwUi iƒc‡iLv Kiv KwVb| GwU KvVv‡gvMZ mvwnZ¨ Kv‡Ri †P‡q A‡bKUv Rxeb cwÄKvi gZ| GwU wkÿvi gZ GKB iK‡gi hv‡K

ejv nq ÒmyZvi Dc‡i gy³v|Ó hwÌ, GKB iK‡gi cwiKíbv i‡q‡Q, hw` GKB GKB iK‡gi g~j fve bv _v‡K|

L. GUv m¤¢e †h GLv‡b m¤úv`Kxq msKjb i‡q‡Q:

1. Avi¤¢, 1:1

2. e¨vcK fv‡e 1:2 Ges 12:8 c` Bw½Z †`q 1:1 Ges 12:9-14 c` nj msKjb

3. `ywU †hvM Kiv †kl e³e¨:

K. 12:9-12 (Z…Zxq e¨w³‡Z)

L. 12:13-14 (HwZn¨MZ ag©ZË¡)

M. GUv ¯úó †h 1-2 Aa¨vq mvwnZ¨ wb‡e©va wnmv‡e k‡jvgb‡K eënvi|

N. 3 Aa¨vq nj gvbweK Rxe‡bi mvaviY AwfÁZvi wel‡q GKwU PgrKvi KweZv|

O. g‡b Kwi‡q †ÌqvUvi iƒc‡iLv Kiv mnR bq!

VII. ag©ZvwË¡K welq

K. GB eB‡qi cÖavb mZ¨ g‡b nq K¨vb‡b Dc ’vc‡bi Bw½Z w`‡q‡Q †h Ck¦i LuvwU, m‡›`nc~Y© AbymÜvbKvix‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib bvB|

L. P~ovšÍ cÖkœ wRÁvmv Kiv wbiærmvn K‡i bv|

M. Dc‡`kK a‡i wb‡q‡Q Ck¦‡ii Aw ÍZ¡ Ges wjwLZ n‡q‡Q cyivZb wbq‡gi wek¦v‡mi cÖev‡ni g‡a¨|

N. g›`Zv nj gvby‡li djvdj, Ck¦‡ii bq (7:29; 9:3)

O. Ck¦i c_ Rvbv †h‡Z cv‡i bv| gvby‡li Aek¨B Rxe‡bi A‡_©i Rb¨ msMÖvg Ki‡e!

P. g„Zz¨ cieZx© Rxe‡bi cÖwZ cÖPwjZ ag©g‡Z wek¦vmx‡ì m‡›`‡ni „wó Ges gvby‡li m¤ú~Y© fv‡e Ck¦i‡K Rvbvi ÿgZv, wKš‘ Ck¦i GLbI

AbyMÖnkxj|

Q. RMr, GUv †hgb, Ab¨vh¨ Ges wbôzi, GLv‡b Aek¨B AviI wKQz Av‡Q!

R. Rxe‡b mš‘ó nIqv ÑÑ GUv G‡m‡Q Ck¦‡ii KvQ †_‡K| hLb Ges †hfv‡e cviæb Rxeb‡K Dc‡fvM Kiæb| (2:24)

S. mnR mij DËi hv Rxe‡bi AwfÁZvq Lvc Lvq bv Zvi †Kvb DËi ÒbvB|Ó hw` Ck¦i bv _v‡Kb Z‡e Avgv‡ì Aek¨B Rxe‡bi

A_©nxbZvi ev ÍeZvi gyLvgywL n‡Z n‡e|

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨ K. Ck¦i Qvov gvby‡li Aw Í‡Z¡i A_©nxbZv †`Lvb Gi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ wQj| ¯qs-m¤ú~Y©Zvi ev e„w×e„wËi iƒcvšÍ‡ii GwU GKwU c×wZ| B. H.

Carroll e‡j‡Qb †h Zvi mg‡qi Awek¦ ÍZvi w`‡b, Dc‡`kK Ges B‡qve Zv‡ì Dc‡i ARvMwZK ÿZv‡K Abykxjb K‡i‡Qb, cÖKvk

K‡i‡Qb Rxe‡bi ïb¨Zv Ges Ck¦‡i w`‡K †`wL‡q w`‡q‡Qb|

L. myL Ges mš‘wó cvIqv hvq (2:24; 3:12-13,22; 5:18-20; 8:15; 9:7-9; 12:13-14):

1. Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ eva¨Zv I wek¦vm,

2. M„‡n I cwiev‡i Avb›`,

164

3. GKR‡bi KvR|

M. GB eBwU Ck¦i m¤‡Ü Ges cieZx© Rxeb m¤‡Ü m‡›`nev`x| GwU P~ovšÍ e ÍeZvi cÖ‡kœi †Kvb DËi †`qwb wKš‘ GwU eZ©gvb ev ÍeZv

m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ K‡i‡Q:

1. whn~`x‡ì Rb¨, GwU †`wL‡q‡Q HwZn¨MZ ag©ZvwË¡K‡ì Øviv cÖ ÍZ AwZwi³ fv‡e evwo‡q ejvi åvwšÍ (Ò`ywU c_Ó)|

2. ‡cŠËwjK‡ì Rb¨, GwU †`wL‡q‡Q Ck¦i wenxb RvMwZK Rxe‡bi †`DwjqvZ¡‡K|

3. Rxe‡bi cÖkœvejxi mnR DËi mvaviYZ fzj nq| GgbwK wek¦v‡mi RbÏ inm¨ i‡q‡Q! cÖZ¨v‡`k mKj cÖKvk K‡i bv!

N. GB †jLK ¯vfvweK cÖKvk eënvi K‡i‡Qb, we‡kl cÖKvk bq, Rxeb‡K cixÿv Ki‡Z| Ck¦‡ii wbq‡gi bvg YHWH, GB eB‡Z †`Lv

hvq bv| mKj cÖÁv mvwn‡Zï gZ Ck¦‡ii mvaviY bvg Elohim eëüZ n‡q‡Q|

O. GB eBwU MVb K‡i‡Q wn‡Zvc‡`‡ki cwi”Qbœ mvaviY AvPi‡Yi m‡Zï mgZv hv Rxeb‡K mvd¨j w`‡q‡Q| Rxe‡b inm¨ i‡q‡Q, ¯fv‡e,

gvby‡l, Ck¦‡i| wek¦v‡m Gi PvweKvwV cvIqv hvq, Áv‡b bq; cwievi Zv aviY K‡i bv Ges Ck¦‡i wKš‘ gvby‡l bq| Rxe‡bi mnR mij

Avb›`: cwievi, KvR, eÜz-evÜe, Lvevi GB Rxe‡b Avb‡›ì †hvMvb †`q| cieZx© Rxeb c`©vi AšÍiv‡j, wKš‘ Ck¦i †mLv‡b i‡q‡Qb!

IX. Uvg©/kã¸”Q Ges mswÿßfv‡e e¨w³ wPwýZKiY: K. Uvg©/ kã¸”Q

1. ÒAmv‡oi AmvoÓ 1:2 (NIV, ÒA_©nxb! A_©nxb!Ó)

2. Òm~‡h©i wb‡PÓ 1:3 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. ÒcÖÁvi evû‡j¨ gb Ív‡ci evûj¨ nqÓ 1:18 (NIV, ÒAwZwi³ cÖÁvi mv‡_ AwZwi³ `y:LI Av‡mÓ)

4. ÒAvwg Rvwbjvg †h, mK‡jiB GKB `kv N‡UÓ 2:14 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. ÒwZwb Zvnv‡ì ü`q g‡a¨ wPiKvj ivwKqv‡QbÓ 3:11 (NASB Ges NIV)

6. ÒCk¦i wbðqB Zvnv‡ì cixÿv K‡ib....Ó 3:18 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. Ò..wKš‘ Zvn‡ì A‡cÿv †h A`¨ ch©šÍ nq bvB Zvnvi Ae¯’v H Dfq nB‡ZI fvjÓ 4:2-3 (NIV, ÒDfq †_‡K †mB fvj †h

GLbI nq bvBÓ)

8. ÒCk¦i fqÓ 5:7 (NIV, ÒCk¦‡ii e‡q ùvovbÓ)

9. Ò‡h A_© fvjev‡m †m A‡_© KLbI mš‘ó nq bvÓ 5:10 (NASB Ges NIV)

10. ÒAwZwi³ avwg©K nBI bv, Ges AwZwi³ ÁvbxI nBI bvÓ 7:16 (NASB Ges NIV)

11. Ò‡h MZ© †Lv‡o †m †mB M‡Z© cwZZ nqÓ 10:8 (NASB Ges NIV)

12. ÒZzwg R‡ji Dc‡i Avcb fÿ¨ QovBqv †Ì, †Kbbv A‡bK w`‡bi c‡i Zvnv cvB‡eÓ 11;1 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. e¨w³

1. Qoheleth, 1:1

2. cÖnix 12:3-4 (NIV, ÒM„n iÿKÓ)

3. GKRb †glcvjK 12:11

4. Avgvi cyÎ 12:12


XI. wkÿv_x©‡ì Av‡jvPbvi cÖkœvejx

1. GB eBwUi mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ wK?

2. †Kb k‡jvgb mvwnZ¨MZ fv‡e e¨_© 1-2 Aa¨v‡q?

3. wKfv‡e gvbyl cïi gZ Ges cï †_‡K wfbœ? 3:12-22 c`

4. Avgiv wK Ck¦i‡K Rvb‡Z cvwi?

5. †Kv_vq Avb›` cvIqv hvq?

6. eBwU Kvi Kv‡Q †jLv Ges †Kb?

165

166

167

cigMxZ cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO SONG OF SONGS)

I. cy¯ÍKwUi bvg

K. GB eBwU, cyivZb wbq‡gi Ab¨ mKjB eB‡qi gZ Gi g~j bvgKiY n‡q‡Q eBwUi cÖ_g Kq‡KwU k‡ãi mgš‡q| wneªæ‡Z cÖ_g kãwU

nj Òk‡jvg‡bi cigMxZ,Ó †hwU nj GKwU wneªæ superlative iƒc| GwU Bw½Z `vb K‡i ivRKxq fvjevmvi me‡P‡q DËg Mvb|

L. GB eBwU AviI cwiwPZ Vulgate G "Canticles" wnmv‡e (canticum canticorum)


K. GB eB‡qi A¯vfvweK welqe ‘i Kvi‡Y GwU K¨vb‡b gh©v`v †c‡Z †ek KwVb AwfÁZv jvf Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q: 1. ivweŸ‡ì Shammai (iÿYkxj) cwÛ‡Ziv eBwUi we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Q 2. ivweŸ‡ì Hillel (D`vicš’x) cwÛ‡Ziv eBwU wbwðZ K‡i‡Q| 3. ivweŸ‡ì Jamnia (90 Lªxóvã) cwil‡` eBwU wb‡q GLbI K¨vbbK…Z wnmv‡e Av‡jvPbv I ZK© weZK© Pj‡Q| 4. ivweŸ Akiba (Aqiba) †bZ…‡Z¡i Aax‡b GwU P~ovšÍ fv‡e M„wnZ n‡qwQj K¨vbbK…Z wnmv‡e| GBi eBwU m¤‡Ü wZwb e‡j‡Qb,

ÒKviY mg Í RMZ †mB iKg †hvM¨ bq †mB w`‡bi gZ †hw`b cigMxZ B ªv‡qj‡K `vb Kiv n‡qwQj, KviY mg Í †jLbx¸wjB nj

cweÎ, wKš‘ cigMxZ nj gnv cweÎ|Ó

L. GwU cÖ_‡g wneªæ K¨vb‡bi ‡jLbx wefvM hv‡K ejv nq Megilloth ( (cuvPwU †¯Œvj) †mB wefv‡Mi we‡kl eB‡qi ZvwjKvq wQj| cÖwZwU

eB evrmwiK Drm‡ei w`‡b cvV Kiv n‡Zv| cigMxZ eBwU cvV Kiv n‡Zv wb Ívi c‡e©i Drm‡e:

1. cigMxZ Ñ wb Ívic‡e©

2. iƒZ Ñ cÂvkËgx‡Z 3. Dc‡`kK Ñ KzwUi Drme ev mgvMg Zv¤^yi c‡e© 4. B‡ói Ñ cyixg c‡e© 5. wejvc Ñ whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZb I k‡jvg‡bi gw›ì as‡mi ¯§i‡Y

M. wneªæ K¨vb‡b ‡jLbx wefvM cigMxZ‡K ’vb w`‡q‡Q MxZ mswnZv, wn‡Zvc‡`k I B‡qve cy Í‡Ki c‡i Ges iæZ, wejvc, Dc‡`kK Ges

B‡ó‡ii Av‡M| cwVZ nq| BsivRx evB‡ej LXX Gi avivevwnKZv AbymiY K‡i‡Q|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GB eB‡qi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z mvwnZ¨ ixwZ nj cÖavb welq| mvwnZ¨ ixwZ nj g~j †jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ wPwýZ Ki‡Y P~ovšÍ| m¤ú~Y© eBwU wjwLZ

n‡q‡Q KweZvq|

L. ZË¡ wj nj:

1. whn~`x iƒcKvj¼vi Ñ Mishnah, Talmud Ges Targums, me¸wjB wbwðZ K‡i‡Q †h eBwU whn~`x BwZnvm eY©bv K‡i‡Q

B ªv‡q‡ji Rb¨ Ck¦‡ii fvjevmvi Uv‡g©| B ªv‡qj nj YHWH Gi K‡Y (hvÎv 34:15-16; †jexq 17:7; 20:5-6 Ges MYbv

14:33)|

2. Lªxwóq iƒcKvj¼vi Ñ Origen, Jerome, Athanasius, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas Ges Luther mK‡j wbwðZ

K‡i‡Qb †h GB eBwU gÐjxi eY©bv K‡i‡Q Lªx‡ói fvjevmvi Uv‡g©| mgvšÍivj wnmv‡e cÖvqB Bwd 5:21-31 c`‡K †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|

3. HwZn¨MZ we‡qi MxZ Ñ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigv‡Y mvgÄm¨Zv i‡q‡Q Lªxó c~e© 600 A‡ãi w`‡Ki wmwiqvi fvjevmvi KweZv, hv wasfs wnmv‡e cwiwPZ Ges GB eB‡qi g‡a¨| ei I K‡Y ci¯úi kÖ×v wewbgq K‡i, GKRb Avi GKRb‡K ÒivRvÓ Ges ÒivYxÓ e‡j

Wv‡K| wgkwiq fvjevmvi KweZvi mv‡_I wKQz mgvšÍivj i‡h‡Q †hLv‡b fvjevmvi cvÎ‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Ò‡evbÓ (4:9-10,12; 5:1-

2)| GB ai‡Yi mvwnZ¨ wek¦ Í fv‡e cÖksmv K‡i, mgqgZ gvbweK fvjevmv hv mycwiwPZ wQj cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡P¨|

4. bvUK

K. eBwU GKwU bvUK †hwU †ek K‡qKRb Awf‡bZv Øviv Awfb‡qi:

(1) ivRv,

(2) GKRb DËi †`kxq †g‡q,

168

(3) GKRb DËi †`kxq ’vbxq fvjevmvi Rb,

(4) mg¯‡i MxZ ev AšÍcyi (Òwhiƒkv‡j‡gi Kb¨vMYÓ)|

L. GwU gÂvq‡bi GKwU D`vniY cÖ_g Aa¨vq †_‡K `„óvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i:

(1) 2-4

L

c`, K‡Y

(2) 4

M-O

, mg¯‡i MxZ (2:7; 3:6-11; 5:9; 6:1,13; 8:5,8)

(3) 5-7 c`, K‡Y

(4) 8 c`, mg¯‡i MxZ

(5) 9-10 c`, ei

(6) 11 c`, mg¯‡i MxZ

(7) 12-14 c`, K‡Y

(8) 15 c`, ei

(9) 16-17 c`, K‡Y

M. DË‡ii †Q‡j eÜzi Z‡Ë¡i wfwË nj:

(1) fvjevmvi cvÎ‡K ejv nq †gl cvjK, †h †gl AbymiY K‡i|

(2) eBwU †kl n‡q‡Q DË‡i whiƒkv‡j‡g bq|

(3) AšÍcyi mgv‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q, 6:8-9 c`

N. MÖxK cvÛzwjwc Sinaiticus G i‡q‡Q cÖwZwU †mKk‡bi Rb¨ wk‡ivbvg hv ei I K‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z|

5. `„óvšÍ Ñ GB ZË¡ †Póv K‡i‡Q AvÿwiK I iƒc‡Ki mswgkÖY NUv‡Z| GwU ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i wb‡q‡Q gvbweK †hŠbZvi Avb›`‡K Ges

Ges GK bvixi cÖwZ Bw½Z w`‡q‡Q| Z_vwc GUv †`Lvq B ªv‡q‡ji mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z GKwU mvs‡KwZK D‡Ïk¨|

6. AvÿwiK Ñ GB ZË¡ wbwðZ K‡i‡Q †h gvbyl‡K †hŠbZvi w`KwU Ck¦i `Ë| GwU eBwU‡K GKwU D”PZi gh©v`v w`‡q‡Q| GB „wófw½

Theodore of Mosuestia Øviv M„wnZ n‡q‡Q, whwb wQ‡jb AvwšÍqwLqvi e¨vL¨vKvix cwÛZ‡ì g‡a¨ GK D¾¡j Av‡jv|

M. GB eBwU cÖPwjZ cÖÁv mvwnZ¨ bq, Z_vwc GwU n‡Z cv‡i GB fv‡e KvR K‡i‡Q, hyeK‡ì cÖwkwÿZ KiY| GwU‡Z g‡b nq ˆbwZK w`K

i‡q‡Q hv GK ¿xi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Ges mwVK mg‡q mwVK gvby‡li mv‡_ gvby‡li †hŠYZvi †mŠ›`h© I wbLyZZvi cÖwZ|


K. Baba Bathra 15

K

e‡j‡Q wnw¯‹q Ges Zvi †jv‡Kiv eBwU wj‡L‡Q| ¯úóZ Òwj‡L‡QÓ A_©: msMÖn ev m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Q Ges iPbv K‡i

bvB (wn‡Zv 25:1)|

L. whû`x HwZn¨ memgqB wbwðZ K‡i‡Q †h k‡jvg‡bi eBwU wj‡L‡Qb:

1. Zvi bvg G‡m‡Q 1:1,5; 3:7, 9, 11; 8:11, 12 c‡`|

2. Uvg© ÒivRvÓ †`Lv hvq 1:4,12; 7:5 c‡`|

3. 1:9 c‡` wgkwiq †Nvovi D‡jøL i‡q‡Q ‡hwU k‡jvg‡bi ivR‡Z¡i mv‡_ Lvc Lvq (1 ivRv 10:28)|

4. ‡jLK c‡jóvBb, wmwiqv Ges UªvÝR`©vb AÂj GgbwK Aivev ch©šÍ mgMÖ †fŠMwjK Ae ’v‡bi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| GwU cÖwZdwjZ K‡i

k‡jvg‡bi iv‡Rï †fŠMwjK mxgve×Zv|

5. ivweŸiv ej‡Qb †h hLb k‡jvgb hyeK wQ‡jb wZwb fvjevmvi Mvb wj‡L‡Qb(cigMxZ), hLb wZwb eq:cÖvß n‡q‡Qb wZwb

wn‡Zvc‡`k (wn‡Zvc‡`k) wj‡L‡Qb Ges hLb wZwb eq¯‹ n‡q‡Qb ZLb wZwb wj‡L‡Qb mg Í wel‡qi AmviZv(Dc‡`kK)|

M. ‡KD †KD k‡jvg‡bi †jLK‡Z¡i wel‡q hyw³ †`wL‡q‡Qb:

1. wneªæ‡Z wk‡ivbvg, Òk‡jvg‡bi cigMxZÓ Gi A_© n‡Z cv‡i:

K. k‡jvg‡bi Øviv,

L. k‡jvg‡bi Rb¨,

M. k‡jvgb m¤‡Ü,

N. k‡jvg‡bi mg‡q,

O. k‡jvg‡bi gZ K‡i|

2. eBwUi †kl n‡q‡Q DËi B ªv‡q‡j (7:10-13) Ges whiƒkv‡j‡gi AšÍcy‡i bq|

3. eBwU g‡b nq wbwðZ K‡i‡Q GK bvixi mv‡_ †hŠbZvi gnË¡, ¯v ’ Ki Ges Ab›`‡K| GwU k‡jvg‡bi Rxe‡bi mv‡_ Lvc Lvq bv|

4. k‡jvgb n‡Z cv‡ib cigMx‡Z mvwnZ¨MZ fv‡e e¨_© ‡hgb wZwb Dc‡`k‡Ki 1-2 Aa¨v‡q (E. J.Young, An Introduction to the Old Testament, p. 268)|

V. ZvwiL

169

K. cyivZb wbq‡gi A‡bK cÖÁvi eB‡qi gZ Zvwi‡Li Rb¨ ywU welq Av‡Q:

1. g~j HwZnvwmK Ae ’vb,

2. eBwUi ZvwiL Ges iƒc †hfv‡e GwU K¨vb‡b †`Lvb n‡q‡Q|

L. HwZnvwmK Ae ’vb:

1. k‡jvg‡bi mgq:

K. AmsL¨ ¿x MÖn‡Y ivRvi ÿgZv,

L. MvqK`j wnmv‡e AšÍcy‡ii Dcw ’wZ,

M. e¨vcK fv‡e PZzw`©‡K we Í…Z †fŠMwjK ’v‡bi Ávb (†mB mv‡_ cï I Mv‡Qi)|

N. whiƒkv‡jg wZm©vi mv‡_ mgvšÍivj, †hwU kgwiqvi Av‡M B ªv‡q‡ji ivRavwb wQj (Omri), 6:4 c`|

2. eBwUi P~ovšÍ iƒc:

K. feminine relative particle iƒc nj cieZx©Kv‡ji wneªæi )1:12; 2:7)

L. AivwgK I MÖxK avi Kiv k‡ãi eënvi

(1) cig‡`k

(2) d‡ji evMvb

(3) weQvbv

(4) kqb Kiv

M. AvaywbK cwÛZ‡ì gZv‰bK¨:

1. E. J. Young Ñ k‡jvg‡bi w`b

2. W. F. Albright Ñ Lªxó c~e© cÂg-PZz_© kZK

3. R. K. Harrison Ñ P~ovšÍ iƒc wbe©vm‡bi Aí Av‡M

VI. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. GB eBwUi †ek wKQz KwVb w`K i‡q‡Q| GKwU m‡›`n i‡h‡Q †h eBwU‡Z GKB fve ev D‡Ïk¨ i‡q‡Q bv †KejgvÎ avivevwnK †cÖ‡gi

KweZv|

L. cieZx©‡Z D‡jøwLZ c`¸wj e¨vL¨v Kiv KwVb GKB fv‡ei Av‡jv‡K:

1. 2:15 3. 8:5

L

-

O

2. 5:7 4. 8:8-9

3. GKB fve Abymv‡i eBwU e¨vL¨v Kivi GKwU gvÎ Dcvq nj a‡i †bIqv GKwU bvU‡Ki „k¨ †hLv‡b wZb e¨w³ Ges GKwU MvqK`j:

1. ivRv

2. DËi †`kxq GKRb evwjKv

3. DËi †`kxq GKRb †cÖwgK

4. MvqK`j wnmv‡e AšÍcyi

4. GB eBwU‡Z, B‡ó‡ii gZ, Ck¦‡ii †Kvb bvg †bB (Jewish Publications Society of America's translation 8:6 c`

Abyev` K‡i‡Q ÒAwMœi wkLvÓ)|

VII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. GwU ¯úóZ gvbweK †hŠbZvi LvwUZ¡ Ges †mŠ›`‡h©i wbðqZv, 8:6-7 c`| GUv †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i my¯úó wbðqZvi Av‡jv‡K : (1)

`vqy‡ì †hŠbZvi cvc Ges Zvi cwiev‡ii Dc‡i djvdj, Ges (2) k‡jvg‡bi e„× eq‡m cÖwZgvc~Rv KviY Zvi we‡`kx ¿x Ges Zv‡ì

ag©, GwU wQj GKwU Avek¨Kxq gšÍe¨|

MÖxK agx©q ˆØZev‡ì Av‡jv‡K GB mZ¨ AvR‡K wbwðZ fv‡e Avek¨K| AvwZ¥KZv mbœ vmev‡ì Dc‡i †Kvb kZ© bq! ˆ`wnKZv g~jZ

g›` bq|

L. A‡b‡K eBwU‡K †`‡L _v‡Kb cyivZb wbq‡g Dcgvi Av‡jv‡K †hgb ¯vgx wnmv‡e Ck¦i Ges ¿x wnmv‡e B ªv‡qj (A_©vr, hvÎv cy ÍK I

†nv‡kq 1-3 Aa¨v‡qi rabbinical e¨vL¨v)|

170

M. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ I †Kw›`ªq D‡Ïk¨ GB DfqB wPwýZ Kiv KwVb KviY †Mvovgxc~Y© e¨vL¨v †h KvD‡K mveavb n‡Z n‡e|

N. eBwU‡Z †Kvb iKg agx©q ev RvZxq fv‡ei Bw½Z †bB| GKwU K¨vbbK…Z eB wnmv‡e GUv LyeB A¯vfvweK|

VIII. Uvg©/kã¸”Q mswÿßfv‡e e¨w³ wPwýZKi‡Y

K. Uvg©/ kã¸”Q

1. MÜim 1:13; 3:6; 4:6,14; 5:1,5,13 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. Òÿz`ª k„Mvj,Ó 2:15 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. ÒivwÎKvjxb wewflxKv,Ó 3:8 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. ÒivYx. . DccZœx,Ó 6:8,9 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. `~`vdj, 7:13 (NASB Ges NIV)

6. †gvni 8:6 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. †m cÖvPxi¯iƒcv, 8:9 (4:12) (NASB Ges NIV)

8. ÒCk¦i fqÓ 5:7 (NIV, ÒCk¦‡ii e‡q ùvovbÓ)

9. Ò‡h A_© fvjev‡m †m A‡_© KLbI mš‘ó nq bvÓ 5:10 (NASB Ges NIV)

10. ÒAwZwi³ avwg©K nBI bv, Ges AwZwi³ ÁvbxI nBI bvÓ 7:16 (NASB Ges NIV)

11. Ò‡h MZ© †Lv‡o †m †mB M‡Z© cwZZ nqÓ 10:8 (NASB Ges NIV)

12. ÒZzwg R‡ji Dc‡i Avcb fÿ¨ QovBqv †Ì, †Kbbv A‡bK w`‡bi c‡i Zvnv cvB‡eÓ 11;1 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. e¨w³

1. ÒivRv,Ó 1:4

L

, 12

2. ÒAvwg K…òeY© wKš‘ my›ìx,Ó 1:5 (NIV, ÒAvwg Kv‡jv, Z_vwc my›ìÓ)

3. ÒZzwg †Kv_vq ‡Zvgvi cvj PovB‡ZQ...,Ó 1:7 (NIV, Ò..cïcvj Pov‡bv...Ó)

4. ÒAvwg kv‡iv‡Yi †Mvjvc, DcZ¨Kvi †kvkb cy¯ú,Ó 2:1

5. Òwhiƒkv‡j‡gi Kb¨vMY,Ó 2:7

6. cÖnix, 3:3; 5:7

7. ÒI k~‡jwgqv,Ó 6:13

IX. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb

1. Hb-M`x, 1:14

2. kv‡ivY, 2:1

3. †jev‡bvb, 3:8

4. n‡g©vY ce©Z, 4:8

5. wZm©v, 6:4

6. wMwjq`, 6:5 (wMwjq` ce©Z, 4:1)

7. `‡¤§kK, 7:4

8. Kwg©j ce©Z, 7:5

X. wkÿv_x©‡ì mš‘wói cÖkœvejx

1. eBwU K¨vb‡b †Kb AšÍ©f~³?

2. whû`x‡ì wb‡R‡ì Kv‡Q GB eBwUi cÖvavb¨Kvix e¨vL¨v wK? Ges †Kb?

3. GwU wK ai‡Yi mvwnZ¨? †Kb GwU wfbœZv m„wó K‡i‡Q?

4. †Kb Ck¦‡ii bvg ev B ªv‡q‡ji BwZnvm GB eB‡K c‡ivÿ fv‡e D‡jøwLZ nqwb?

5. eBwU‡Z wK GKZve× fve i‡q‡Q?

171

6. Òwhiƒkv‡j‡gi Kb¨vMYÓ Kviv?

7. †h me RvqMv‡Z NUbv N‡U‡Q Zvi bv‡gi ZvwjKv Kiæb|

172

173

174

cyivZb wbq‡gi fveevYxi cwiwPwZ

(INTRODUCTION TO OLD TESTAMENT PROPHECY)

I. f~wgKv

K. cÖviw¤¢K e³e¨: 1. wek¦vmx mgvR GKgZ n‡e bv wKfv‡e fveevYx e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e †m wel‡q| Ab¨vb¨ mZ¨mg~n cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q mgMÖ kZK e¨vwc

†Mvo ag©g‡Zi gh©v`vq, wKš‘ GwU bq| 2. cyivZb wbq‡gi fveevYxi †ek wKQz DËg fv‡e e¨vL¨vK…Z avc i‡q‡Q:

K. c~e© ivRZvwš¿K:

(1) e¨w³MZ fv‡e AvnevbK…Z fveev`x

K) Aeªvnvg Ñ Avw` 20:7

L) †gvwk Ñ MYbv 12:6-8; wØ we 18:15; 34:10

M) nv‡ivb Ñ hvÎv 7:1 (†gvwki gyLcvÎ)

N) wgwiqvg Ñ hvÎv 15:20

O) †g`` Ges Bj`` Ñ MYbv 11:24-30

P) †`‡eviv Ñ wePvi 4:4

Q) AÁvZ Ñ wePvi 6:7-10

R) kg~‡qj Ñ1 kg~ 3:20

(2) `j wnmv‡e fveev`x‡ì D‡jøL Ñ wØ we 13:1-5; 18:20-22 (3) fveev`x‡ì `j A_ev msN Ñ 1 kg~ 10:5-13; 19:20; 1 ivRv 20:35,41; 22:6,10-13; 2 ivRv 2:3,7; 4:1,38;

5:22; 6:1, BZ¨vw`|

(4) gkxn‡K fveev`x ejv n‡q‡Q Ñ wØ we 18:15-18

L. A-wjwLZ ivRZvwš¿K (Zviv ivRv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i‡Q):

(1) Mv` Ñ 1 kg~ 22:5; 2 kg~ 24:11; 1 esk 29:29

(2) bv_b Ñ 2 kg~ 7:2; 12:25; 1 ivRv 1:22

(3) Awnq Ñ 1 ivRv 11:29

(4) †hû Ñ 1 ivRv 16:1,7,12

(5) AÁvZ Ñ 1 ivRv 18:4,13; 20:13,22

(6) Gwjq Ñ 1 ivRv 18-2 ivRv 2 Aa¨vq

(7) gxLvq Ñ 1 ivRv 22

(8) Bwjkvq Ñ 2 ivRv 2:8,13

M. m‡e©vrK…ó wjwLZ fveev`x (Zviv ivRv mn RvwZ‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i‡Q): ÑwhkvBqÑ gvjvLx (e¨wZµg `vwb‡qj)

L. evB‡ej wfwËK Uvg© 1. Ro'eh = Ò`k©K,Ó 1 kg~ 9:9 c`| GB D‡jøL †`Lvq †h Uvg© Nabi Gi w`‡K iƒcvšÍi| Ò‡`LvÓ GB mvaviY Uvg© †_‡K Ro'eh

G‡m‡Q| GB †jvK ey‡S‡Qb Ck¦‡ii c_ Ges cwiKíbv Ges civgk© K‡i‡Qb welq wnmv‡e Ck¦‡ii B”Qv‡K cÖwZôv Ki‡Z| 2. Hozeh = Ò`k©K,Ó 2 kg~ 24:11 c`| GwU g~jZ Ro'eh Gi gZ GKB iK‡gi| GUv Ò‡`LvÓ Gi yj©f Uvg© †_‡K G‡m‡Q|

fveev`x‡ì D‡jøL Ki‡Z †ewki fvM mgq Gi participled iƒc eëüZ n‡q‡Q| 3. = Òfveev`x,Ó Akkadian verb Nabu = ÒWvKvÓ Ges Aviexq Naba'a =Ò‡Nvlbv KivÓ Gi gZ GKB ag© wewkó| GKRb

fveev`x‡K D‡jøL Ki‡Z GwU wQj cyivZb wbq‡gi me‡P‡q cÖPwjZ Uvg©| GwU 300 ev‡iiI †ekxevi eëüZ n‡q‡Q| Gi mwVK

kãZË¡ AÁvZ wKš‘ ÒWvKvÓ eZ©gvb Kvj g‡b nq me‡P‡q fvj cQ›`| m¤¢eZ me‡P‡q fvj Dcjwä G‡m‡Q nvi‡Yi gva¨‡g

d‡iŠ‡bi Kv‡Q †gvwki YHWH Gi mv‡_ m¤úK© eY©bvq (hvÎv 4:10-16; 7:1; wØ we 5:5 c`| GKRb fveev`x Ggb GKRb

whwb Ck¦‡ii K_v Zuvi †jvK‡ì e‡jb (Av‡gvl 3:8; whi 1:7,17; whwn 3:4 c`) 4. D³ wZbwU Uvg©B fveev`x‡ì KvR m¤ú‡K© eëüZ n‡q‡Q 1 esk 29:29; kg~‡qj Ñ Ro'eh; bv_b Ñ Nabi' Ges Mv` Ñ

Hozeh| 5. kã¸”Q, 'ish ha - 'elohim, ÒCk¦‡ii †jvK,Ó nj AviI eo gh©v`v Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ e³vi c‡ÿ| GwU cyivZb wbq‡g 76 evi

eëüZ n‡q‡Q Òfveev`xÓ A‡_©| 6. Uvg© Òfveev`xÓ DrcwËMZ fv‡e MÖxK| GwU G‡m‡Q : (1) pro = Òc~‡e©Ó ev Òc‡ÿÓ; (2) phemi = ÒK_v ejv|Ó

175

II. fveevYxi msÁv

K. BsivRxi PvB‡Z wneªæ‡Z Uvg© ÒfveevYxÓGi i‡q‡Q e¨vcK fvlvMZ A_©| wh‡nvk~q †_‡K ivRvejx (iæZ ev‡`) GB BwZnvm eB¸wj‡K

whn~`xiv ZKgv cwo‡q‡Q Òc~e©Kvi fveev`xÓ wnmv‡e| Aeªvnvg (Avw` 20:7; MxZ 105:5) Ges †gvwk (wØ we 18:18) DfqB gh©v`v jvf

K‡i‡Qb fveev`x wnmv‡e (GQvovI wgwiqvg, hvÎv 15:20)| †mRb¨, a‡i †bIqv BsivRx msÁv †_‡K mveavb!

L. ÒfveveYxev` AvBbMZ fv‡e e¨vL¨v n‡Z cv‡i †hfv‡e BwZnvm †evaMg¨ nq hvi MÖnYxq A_© †KejgvÎ Hk¦ixK D‡ØM, Hk¦ixK D‡Ïk¨,

Hk¦ixK AskMÖn‡Yi Uv‡g©,Ó Interpreter'sDictionary of the Bible, vol. 3, p. 896|

M. Òfveev`x †Kvb `vk©wbK bb ev †Kvb c×wZMZ ag©ZvwË¡KI bb, wKš‘ GKRb wbq‡gi ga¨ ’ZvKvix whwb Ck¦‡ii K_v Zuvi †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q

cÖKvk K‡ib Zv‡ì eZ©gvb‡K ms¯‹vi K‡i fwel¨‡Zi GKwU iƒc w`‡Z,Ó "Prophets and Prophecy," Encyclopedia Judaica vol. 13 p. 1152|

III. fveevYxi D‡Ïk¨

K. fveevYx nj Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ GKwU Dcvq Zuvi †jvK‡ì mv‡_ K_v ejvi Rb¨, Zv‡ì eZ©gvb Ae ’vq wb‡ ©kbv w`‡Z Ges Avkv K‡ib wZwb

Zv‡ì Rxeb I RvMwZK NUbvejxi wbqš¿YKvix| Zv‡ì evZ©v g~jZ wQj †hŠ_| Gi A_© wZi¯‹vi Kiv, Drmvn `vb, wek¦vm Rb¥v‡bv Ges

gb cwieZ©b, Ges Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì Rvbvb Zuvi m¤‡Ü Ges Zuvi cwiKíbv m¤‡Ü| AviI ej‡Z nq †h cÖvqB GwU eëüZ n‡q _v‡K

¯úófv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡Z Ck¦‡ii gyLcvÎ g‡bvbq‡b (wØ we 13:1-3; 18:20-22)| GwU, P~ovšÍ fv‡e †bIqv n‡q‡Q, gkxn‡K D‡jøL

Ki‡Z|

L. cÖvqB, fveev`xiv Zv‡ì mg‡qi HwZnvwmK ev ag©ZvwË¡K msKUKvj‡K †e‡Q †bb Ges GB welq¸wj‡K RM‡Zi P~ovšÍ cwiYwZi mv‡_

wgjvb| BwZnv‡m B ªv‡q‡ji †klKvjxb „wófw½ Abb¨ Ges Gi A_© Hk¦ixK wbe©vPb Ges wbq‡gi cÖwZÁv|

M. fveev`x‡ì KvR g‡b nq mylg (whi 18:18) Ges Ck¦‡ii B”Qv Rvbvi Dcvq wnmv‡e gnv cy‡ivwn‡Zi KvR‡K we‡ePbv Kiv| Urim

Ges Thummim Ck¦‡ii gyLcv‡Îi †gŠwLK evZ©v‡K Qvwc‡q I‡V| fveev`x‡ì KvR g‡b nq gvjvLxi c‡i B ªv‡qj †_‡K P‡j †M‡Q|

GUv 400 eQi c‡i evwß®§ `vZv †hvn‡bi Av‡M Avi Avwef~©Z nqwb| GUv AwbwðZ †h wKfv‡e byZb wbq‡gi ÒfveevYxÓ Gi `vb cyivZb

wbq‡gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| b~Zb wbq‡gi fveev`xiv (†cÖwiZ 11:27-28; 13:1; 14:29,32,37; 15:32; 1 Kwi 12:10,28-29; Bwd

4:11) b~Zb cÖZ¨v‡`‡ki cÖKvkK bb wKš‘ wbq‡gi Ae ’v‡b Ck¦‡ii B”Qv c~e© K_K Ges fwel¨r e³v|

N. fveevYx cÖK…Zc‡ÿ GKvšÍiƒ‡c ev cÖv_wgK fv‡e fwel¨revYx bq| c~e©evYx Kiv Zvi KvR I evZ©vi wbðqZvi GKwU Dcvq wKš‘ Aek¨B

GwU D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq †h ÒcyivZb wbq‡gi fveevYxi 2% Kg gkxn welqK| 5% Kg wbw ©ó fv‡e b~Zb wbq‡gi hy‡Mi eY©bv K‡i‡Q|

1% Kg †mB NUbvi wel‡q e‡j‡Q †h¸wj Avm‡Q|Ó (Fee & Stuart, How to Read the Bible For All Its Worth, p. 166)

O. fveev`xiv †jv‡K‡ì Kv‡Q Ck¦‡ii cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Zb hLb cy‡ivwn‡Ziv Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q †jvK‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Zb| GwU GKwU mvaviY

e³e¨| GiI e¨wZµg i‡q‡Q †hgb neKK~K, whwb Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q cÖkœ K‡i‡Qb|

P. GKwU Kvi‡Y fveev`x‡ì †evSv KwVb KviY Avgiv Rvwb bv †h wKfv‡e Zv‡ì eB¸wj KvVv‡gvK…Z n‡q‡Q| †m¸wj mgqvbymv‡i

avivevwnK bq| †m¸wj g‡b nq fveg~jK wKš‘ me mgq Avgv‡ì cÖZ¨vkvi gZ bq| cÖvqB †Kvb ¯úó HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU, wbw ©ó

mgqKvj ev ¯úó wefvM †bB †gŠwLK evZ©vi g‡a¨| GB eB¸wj KwVb: (1) GK êV‡K cvV Kiv; (2) welq Abymv‡i iƒc‡iLv Kiv; Ges

(3) cÖwZwU †gŠwLK evZ©vi †K›`ªxq mZ¨ ev ‡jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ wbwðZ Kiv|

IV. fveevYxi êwkó¨

K. cyivZb wbq‡g g‡b nq †mLv‡b Òfveev`xÓ Ges ÒfveevYxÓ Gi aviYvi wKQzUv weKvk mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| cÖvPxb B ªv‡q‡j fveev`x‡ì

mnfvwMZv M‡o D‡VwQj, hv cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv Gwjq ev Bwjkv‡qi gZ `„p K¨vwimg¨vwUK †bZv Øviv| KLbI KLbI Òfveev`x‡ì cyÎÓ

kã¸”Q GB `j‡K wPwýZ Ki‡Z eëüZ n‡Zv (2 ivRv 2)| fveev`x‡ì êwkó¨ Kiv n‡qwQj Avb‡›ì iƒc Øviv (1 kg~ 10:10-13;

19:18-24)|

L. hwÌ, GB mgq ªæZ P‡j hvq e¨w³ fveev`xi w`‡K| †mB me fveev`x wQ‡jb (mZ¨ Ges wg_¨v DfqB) hviv ivRvi mv‡_ wPwýZ n‡Zb,

Ges ivR cÖvmv‡` evm Ki‡Zb (Mv`, bv_b)| GQvovI, †mLv‡b AviI wQ‡jb Zviv hviv wQ‡jb ¯vaxb, KLbI KLbI m¤ú~Y© fv‡e

B ªv‡qjxq mgv‡Ri eZ©gvb Ae ’vi mv‡_ mshy³ _vK‡Zb bv (Av‡gvl)| Zviv cyiæl I gwnjv DfqB n‡Zb (2 ivRv 22:14)|

176

M. fveev`xiv cÖvqB fwel¨‡Zi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb, wQ‡jb gvby‡li ZvrÿwbK mvov cÖ v‡bi k‡Z©i Dc‡i| cÖvqB fveev`x‡ì KvR wQj Ck¦‡ii

mve©Rbxb cwiKíbvi cÖKvk Zuvi m„wói Rb¨ †hwU gvby‡li mvov cÖ v‡bi Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡Zv bv| mve©Rbxb gvby‡li P~ovšÍ cwiYwZi

cwiKíbv nj Abb¨ cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï fveev`x‡ì g‡a¨| fwel¨r evYx Ges wbq‡gi wek¦ ÍZv nj fveev`x‡ì evZ©vi RgR jÿ¨

(Fee and Stuart, p. 150)| GwU Bw½Z †`q †h fveev`xiv cÖv_wgK fv‡e j‡ÿ¨ `je×| Zviv mvaviYZ, Z‡e m¤ú~Y©fv‡e bq,

RvwZ‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ej‡Zb|

N. ‡ewki fvM fveev`xi welq wQj †gŠwLK Dc ’vcbv| cieZx©‡Z GwU mgwšZ n‡qwQj fve, Kvjvbyµg ev wbKU cÖv‡Pï mvwn‡Zï Ab¨vb¨

bgybvi Dcvq Øviv †hwU Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q nvwi‡q †M‡Q| KviY GwU wQj †gŠwLK, †hfv‡e wjwLZ M`¨ KvVv‡gvK…Z nq †mfv‡e bq| GwU

eBwU‡K †mvRvmywR cvV Ki‡Z KwVb K‡i‡Q Ges eyS‡Z KwVb K‡i‡Q wbw`©ó HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU Qvov|

O. fveev`xiv K‡qKwU c×wZ eënvi Ki‡Zb Zv‡ì evZ©v †cŠ‡Q w`‡Z:

1. ìev‡ii „k¨ Ñ Ck¦i Zuvi †jvK‡ì ìev‡i wb‡q †M‡Qb, cÖvqB GwU nj GKwU weevn we‡”Q‡ì gvgjv †hLv‡b YHWH Zuvi

¿x‡K (cÖZ¨vLvb) K‡i‡Qb Zvi Awek¦ ÍZvi Kvi‡Y (†nv‡kq 4; gxLv 6)|

2. g„‡Zi ¯§iYv_©K †kvK mw½Z Ñ GB ai‡Yi evZ©vi we‡kl gvÎv Ges Gi êwkó¨ Ò‡kvKÓ hv G‡K we‡kl iƒ‡c Avjv`v K‡i‡Q (whkv

5; neK 2)|

3. wbqgMZ Avkxe©Pb D”PviY Ñ wbq‡gi kZ©hy³ cÖK…wZ‡K ¸iæZ¡ Ges Gi djvdj‡K ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv n‡Zv, †bwZevPK I BwZevPK

Dfq fv‡eB, fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ cÖKvk Kiv n‡Zv (wØ we 27-28)|

V. GKRb mwZ¨Kvi fveev`x h_v_©Zv wbY©‡q evB‡ej wfwËK ¸Yvejx

K. wØ we 13:1-5 (fwel¨r evYx/wPý)

L. wØ we 18:9-22 (mwZ¨Kvi fveev`x/wg_¨v fveev`x)

M. gw_ 7 (Rxeb hvcb)

N. 1 †hvnb 4:1-6 (gZev`MZ jÿ¨)

O. cyiæl I gwnjv Df‡qB Avnevb †c‡Z cv‡ib Ges fveev`x ev fveev`xwb e‡j gh©v`v jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

1. wgwiqg Ñ hvÎv 15

2. †`‡eviv Ñ wePvi‡ 4:4-6

3. ûj`v Ñ 2 ivRv 22:14-20; 2 esk 34:22-28

P. Pvwiw`‡Ki ms¯‹…wZ‡Z fveev`xi h_v_©Zv wbwY©Z n‡Zv fwel¨r m¤ú‡K© Zvi A‡jŠwKK AšÍ© „wói wePvi Øviv| B ªv‡q‡j GwU wQj:

K. GKwU ag©ZvwË¡K cixÿv Ñ YHWH Gi bvg

L. GKwU HwZnvwmK cixÿv Ñ wbLyZ fwel¨r evYx

VI. fveevYx e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z mvnvh¨Kvix wb‡`©kbv

K. g~j fveev`xi (m¤úv`K) †ei Kiv HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU ch©‡eÿb Ges cÖwZwU ‰èevYxi mvwnZ¨ cÖm½ Øviv| mvaviYZ G‡Z AšÍ©f~³

_vK‡e †h †Kvb bv †Kvb fv‡e B ªv‡qj †gvwki eë ’v f½ K‡i‡Q|

L. m¤ú~Y© ˆèevYxwU cvV I e¨vL¨v Kiæb, †KejgvÎ †Kvb GKwU Ask bq; welqe ‘ Abymv‡i iƒc‡iLv Kiæb| †`Lyb wKfv‡e GwU Ab¨vb¨

ˆèevYxi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| mgMÖ eBwUi iƒc‡iLv Ki‡Z †Póv Kiæb|

M. ZZÿb ch©šÍ GKwU AvÿwiK e¨vL¨v Abygvb Kiæb hZÿY bv †jLbxwUi †Kvb wKQz Avcbv‡K †Kvb iƒc‡Ki eënv‡ii w`‡K †`wL‡q bv

†`q; Gevi iƒc‡Ki fvlvwU M‡`¨ AšÍf~©³ Kiæb|

N. mgvšÍivj c¨v‡mR I HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvc‡Ui Av‡jv‡K cÖwZK KvR¸wj we‡kølY Kiæb| GUv g‡b ivLvUv wbwðZ Kiæb †h GwU nj cwðgv

mvwnZ¨ bq eis cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï mvwnZ¨|

177

O. mZK©Zvi mv‡_ fwel¨revYx¸wj we‡ePbv Kiæb:

1. G¸wj wK mwZ¨B ‡jL‡Ki mgqKv‡ji Rb¨ Abb¨ wQj?

2. G¸wj wK B ªv‡q‡ji BwZnv‡m cieZx©‡Z d‡jwQj?

3. G¸wj wK GLbI fwel¨‡Zi NUbv?

4. G¸wji wK mgKvjxb cwic~Y©Zvi K_v Av‡Q Ges Z_vwc fwel¨‡Z cwic~Y© n‡e?

5. evB‡e‡ji †jLK‡ì AbymiY Kiæb, AvayywbK †jLK‡ì bq, Avcbvi DË‡ii wb‡ ©kvq|

P. we‡kl bRi

1. fwel¨ZevYx¸wj wK kZ©mv‡cÿ mvov cÖ v‡bi Øviv Dchy³ n‡e?

2. GUv wK wbwðZ †h Kv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i fveevYx Kiv n‡q‡Q (Ges †Kb)?

3. GLv‡b wK †Kvb m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q evB‡ej wfwËK Ges/ev HwZnvwmK fv‡e A‡bKevi cwic~Y©Zvi?

4. Aby‡cÖiYvi Aax‡b b~Zb wbq‡gi †jL‡Kiv cyivZb wbq‡gi A‡bK ’v‡b gkxn‡K †`L‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Qb †hwU Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q my¯úó

bq| Zviv g‡b nq mvs‡KwZK ev kã †KŠkj eënvi K‡i‡Qb| †h‡nZz Avgiv AbycÖvwYZ bB ZvB Avgv‡ì me‡P‡q fvj n‡e GwU

Zv‡ì nv‡Z †Q‡o †Ìqv|

VII. mvnvh¨Kvix eB

K. A Guide to Biblical Prophecy by Carl E. Armerding and W. Ward Gasque

L. How to Read the Bible for All It Is Worth by Gordon Fee and Douglas Stuart

M. My Servants the Prophets by Edward J. Young

N. The Expositor's Bible Commentary, vol. 6 "Isaiah - Ezekiel," Zondervan

O. The Prophecies of Isaiah by J. A. Alexander, 1976, Zondervan

P. Exposition of Isaiah by H. C. Leupold, 1971, Baker

Q. Exposition of Isaiah by H. C. Leupold, 1971, Baker

178

whkvBq cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO ISAIAH)

I. cÖviw¤¢K e³e¨

K. Ab¨vb¨ fveev`x‡ì Zzjbvq b~Zb wbq‡g whkvBq eB‡qi D×…wZ †ewk evi Kiv n‡q‡Q (411 ev‡iiI ‡ewk)| Zv‡ì evZ©vwU wQj GK: 1. GK Ck¦i, 2. GK RMr, 3. GK wek¦vm|

L. whkvBq eBwU we®§qKi fv‡e gkxn welqK: 1. we‡kl mšÍvbMY, 7-14 Aa¨vq 2. `v‡mi MxZ, 42:1-9; 49:1-7; 50:4-11; 52:13-53:12 Aa¨vq, 3. fwel¨r gkx‡ni mv¤ªvR¨ (b~Zb hyM), 56-66 Aa¨vq

M. E. J. Young, in An Introduction to the Old Testament, e‡j‡Qb: 1. ÒwhkvBq eBwU eZ©gv‡b cyivZb wbq‡gi fveevYxi me‡P‡q gnvb e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nqÓ c„ôv...168|

2. ÒB ªv‡q‡ji mKj fvev`x‡ì g‡a¨, whkvBq m‡e‡P‡q fvjfv‡e eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb Ck¦‡ii gb I hy‡Mi Rb¨ Zuvi cwiKíbvÓ

c„ôv..171

3. AvwZ¥K AšÍ© „wó‡Z wZwb n‡jb mgMÖ cyivZb wbq‡gi g‡a¨ AbwZµg¨Ó c„ôv..172

II. eBwUi bvg

K. eBwUi bvgKiY n‡q‡Q Gi fveevYxg~jK gyLcv‡Îi we‡ePbvq|

L. bv‡gi A_© nj Ò YHWH Gi cwiÎvYÓ ev Ò YHWH D×vi K‡ib|Ó wneªæ bvg hvi †kl n‡q‡Q ÒiahÓ w`‡q nj GKwU YHWH

Gi GKwU mswÿß iƒc, †hgb bvg¸wj †h¸wj ïiæ n‡q‡Q BsivRx ÒjÓ Ges GKwU vowel w`‡q, D`vniY ¯iƒc wh‡nvk~q Ges †hv‡qj|

III. K¨vbb KiY

K. GwU nj PviwU ¸Uv‡bv cy Í‡Ki g‡a¨ †k‡li fveev`x bv‡gi cÖ_g:

1. whkvBq

2. whiwgq

3. whwn‡¯‹j

4. ev‡ivwU (ÿz`ª fveev`x)

L. GwU cÖ_‡gB m¤ú~Y©©iƒ‡c M„wnZ n‡qwQj B ªv‡qjxq‡ì cweÎ †jLwb wnmv‡e|

IV. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. whkvB‡qi mvwnZ¨ `ÿZv cyivZb wbq‡gi mKj fveev`x‡K Qvwo‡q wM‡qwQj| Zvi k‡ãi †KŠkj Ges KweZv nj gh©v`vc~Y© Ges

PgKcÖ | eBwU †ewki fvM KweZvq|

L. GK êV‡K whkvBq cy ÍKwU m¤ú~Y© cvV Kiv I †evSv KwVb| eBwUi iƒc‡iLv KivUvI KwVb| KviY nj whkvBq wQ‡jb GKRb cÖPviK,

†Kvb †jLK ev †Kvb m¤úv`K wQ‡jb bv| Zvi eBwU‡Z Zvi †gŠwLK evZ©v wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m¸wj GK‡Î mshy³, gv‡S gv‡S:

K. fve Øviv,

L. Kvjµg Øviv,

M. cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï ms¯‹…wZK Av`k© Øviv †h¸wj Avgv‡ì wb‡R‡ì ms¯‹…wZ ‡_‡K G‡Kev‡i wfbœ|

V. iPwqZv

179

K. iPwqZv m¤‡Ü whn~`x `„wófw½

1. Zvjgy‡ì Baba Bathra 15

K

e‡j‡Q wnw¯‹q Ges Zvi †jv‡Kiv whkvBq, wn‡Zvc‡`k, Dc‡`kK Ges cigMxZ wj‡L‡Q (A_©vr,

m¤úv`bv ev msKjb)| GwU Bw½Z †`q mgMÖ eBwU fveev`xi KvQ †_‡K G‡m‡Q|

2. Ben Sirah, ÒDc‡`kK 49:17-25 c`, Lªxó c~e© 185 A‡ãi w`‡K wjwLZ, e‡j‡Q, ÒwhkvBq, Av‡gv‡li cyÎ,Ó eBwU wj‡L‡Qb

(1:1; 12:1; 13:1)|

3. 2 eskvejx 32:32 c` whkvB‡qi `k©b Ges ivRvejxi mv‡_ mgvšÍivj mg_©b K‡i‡Q (2 ivRv 18:19-20:19|)

K. whiƒkv‡j‡gi GKwU m¤ú`kvjx ivR cwiev‡ii, m¤¢eZ ivRv Dwl‡qi fvB‡qi †Q‡j|

(1) wKQz cÖgvY Av‡Q †h Òiah,Ó †hwU nj YHWH Gi mswÿß iƒc, cÖvqB Abb¨fv‡e Abykxjb Kiv nw”Qj whû`vi ivR

cwiev‡i|

(2) whkvBq ivRvi Kv‡Q †h‡Z cvi‡Zb, ivRvI Zvi m¤¢ve¨ cvwievwiK mshyw³i Rb¨ mg_©b Ki‡Zb|

(3) Zvjgy`,"Meg." 10

L

L. GKRb fveev`xwb‡K we‡q K‡ib (8:3)

(1) cÖ_g cyÎ, Ò‡kqvi-hvmûe,Ó hvi A_© ÒAewkó wd‡i Avm‡eÓ

(2) wØZxq cyÎ, Òg‡ni-kvji-nvm-emÓ (8:3) hvi A_© ÒkxNª-jyU-Z¡iv-AcniYÓ

M. whkvBq cyivZb wbq‡gi †h †Kvb fveev`xi †_‡K `xN© mgq a‡i fveev`xg~jK cwiPh© v KvR cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wQ‡jb

†hv_‡gi (Lªxó c~e© 742-735) †_‡K wnw¯‹q (Lªxó c~e© 715-687) mv‡_ m¤¢eZ gb:wki (Lªxó c~e© 687-735) ivRZ¡Kv‡j

whn~`vq Ck¦‡ii gyLcvÎ; gb:wk m¤¢eZ mn-cÖkvmK wQ‡jb Lªxó c~e© 696 Aã †_‡K|

N. hw` 2 esk 26:22 c` whkvBqi D‡jøL K‡i Zvn‡j wZwb wQ‡jb ivRKxq †jLK Ges ivRvi ivRKxq eskvejxi msiÿK|

O. HwZn¨ e‡j Zv‡K KivZ w`‡q `yB fvM Kiv n‡qwQj gb:wki ivRZ¡Kv‡j|

4. Moses ben Samuel Ibn Gekatilla, cÖvq 110 m‡b, e‡j‡Qb †h 1-39 Aa¨vq whkvBqi wKš‘ 40-66 Aa¨vq wjwLZ n‡q‡Q

2q gw›`‡ii mgqKv‡j (cviwmqvb mgqKvj, Lªxó c~e© 538-430)

5. Ibn Ezra (1092-1167 mb) Gekatilla Gi cwiPvjbv AbymiY K‡i‡Qb Ges 40-66 Aa¨vq whkvB‡qi e‡j A¯xKvi

K‡i‡Qb|

L. AvaywbK cwÛZ‡ì †jLK m¤ú‡K© `„wófw½

1. R. K. Harrison's Introduction to the Old Testament, Eerdmans, 1969 GKwU DËg HwZnvwmK mvivsk cvIqv

hvq|

2. `yBRb †jLK m¤ú‡K© ejvi GKwU DËg †KŠkjMZ hyw³i Av‡jvPbv cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i S. R.Drivers' Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament, reprint 1972.

3. Ggb †Kvb wneªæ ev MÖxK (LXX) cvÛywjwc cvIqv hvqwb †hwU Avgv‡ì †`Lvq 1-39 Aa¨vq Ges 40-66 Aa¨v‡qi g‡a¨

wefvM‡K|

K. giæ mvM‡ii cyuw_‡Z 33 Aa¨v‡qi †k‡l `yB jvB‡bi GKwU dvKv RvqMv i‡q‡Q| GUv Bw½Z †`q †h GLvb †_‡K GKwU

wefv‡Mi, wKš‘ 39 Aa¨vq †_‡K bq|

L. g‡b nq 1-33 Aa¨vq Ges 34-66 Aa¨v‡qi g‡a¨ GKwU mvgvšÍivj KvVv‡gv i‡q‡Q| GB ˆØZ KvVv‡gvi wfwË †jL‡Ki

mgqKvj Ges c‡i fwel¨r, GUv wneªæ fveev`x‡ì cÖPwjZ wbqg wQj (whwn‡¯‹j, `vwb‡qj Ges mLwiq)|

4. AvaywbK cwÛZ‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb HK¨gZ †bB GB wel‡q †h KZRb †jLK Ges eBwUi †Kvb RvqMv †_‡K fvM n‡q‡Q|

M. whkvBq eB‡qi ALÛZvi K‡qKwU hyw³

N. whkvB‡qi Dfq fv‡MB 25wU Uvg© cvIqv hvq †h¸wj cyivZb wbq‡gi Avi †Kv_vqI cvIqv hvq bv (NIV, Intro. to Isaiah, p. 1014)|

O. ÒB ªv‡q‡ji cweÎZgÓ DcvwawU 1-39 Aa¨v‡qi g‡a¨ 13 evi cvIqv hvq Ges 14 evi 39-66 Aa¨v‡q Ges gvÎ 6 evi cvIqv hvq

cyivZb wbq‡gi evKx eB¸wj‡Z|

P. hxï, †hvnb 12:38,40 c`, D×…wZ w`‡q‡Qb whkv 53:1 I 6:10 c` †_‡K Ges DfqB c`wUB whkvBq e‡j e‡j‡Qb|

Q. whkv 40-66 Aa¨vq †_‡K c¨v‡mR‡K whkvB‡qi e‡j ejv n‡q‡Q gw_ 3:3; 8:17; 12:17; j~K 3:4; 4:17; †hvnb 1:23; †cÖwiZ 8:28

Ges †ivgxq 10:16-20

R. Ggb †Kvb cvÛzwjwcMZ cÖgvY cvIqv hvq †hLv‡b 39 Aa¨vq †_‡K wefvM †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q (MT A_ev DSS)|

S. 6ô kZ‡K †Kvb gnvb fveev`xi (Diedre-Isaiah) wel‡q HwZnvwmK †Kvb D‡jøL †bB| R. K. Harrison, in Introduction to the Old Testament, GB welq hy³ K‡i‡Q,

Ò19 kZ‡Ki †kl w`‡K mvwnZ¨ c×wZ wb‡q weZK© weivU GK cÖPwjZ ixwZ wQj, wKš‘ cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï fvlvi e¨vcK Áv‡bi

Av‡jv‡K Zviv GLb a‡i wb‡”Q †h A‡bKUv Kg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae ’vb| c×wZMZ w`KwU AZ¨šÍ cÿcvZg~jK we‡ePbvq eo Av‡e`b

iv‡L Graf-Wellhausen mvwnZ¨ we‡køl‡Yi Z‡Ë¡i mg_©‡bi Rb¨, whwb e‡j‡Qb †Kvb AmvgÄm¨Zv †bB †hwU †Kvb mh‡Zœ cwVZ

welq evB‡e‡ji †jLK‡ì cÖwZ Av‡ivwcZ nq, Ges Zvici Zvi †mB Ask A¯xKvi Kiv KviY cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi mvwnZ¨ iƒc Ges

180

eëüZ fvlv KLbB GKB iK‡gi nq bv| „k¨Z GwU †mB cÖv_wgK AbymÜvbKvix‡ì Kv‡Q N‡U wb †hwU †Kej gvÎ m¤¢e wQj

cÖvPxb †jLK‡ì KvQ †_‡K c×wZi aviYv AvniY Kiv hvi djkÖæwZ nj mKj wel‡qi mhZœ Aa¨qb hv Zvi cÖwZ Av‡ivwcZ

n‡q‡Q, Ges ‡mB cieZx© As‡ki cÖZ¨vLvb ev me wKQz GKB Ask †Kej êa n‡Z cv‡i wKQz K‡Vvi evwn¨K wbqš¿‡Yi wfwËi

Dc‡i|Ó c„ôv...776

T. whkvBq eB‡qi A‡bK †jL‡Ki c‡ÿ wKQz hyw³|

1. 40-66 Aa¨v‡q ÒwhkvBqÓ bvgwU D‡jøwLZ nqwb|

2. 40-66 Aa¨vq whkvB‡qi HwZnvwmK Ae ’v‡bi mv‡_ Lvc Lvq bv|

3. g‡b nq whkvB‡qi †idv‡i‡Ý wgkÖY Av‡Q:

K. Aïwiq Awfhvb, wbe©vmb Ges Zv‡ì `Û

L. evwe‡ji Awfhvb, wbe©vmb I Zv‡ì `Û|

4. ¯úóZ wKQz KviY Av‡Q A‡bK †jLK Z‡Ë¡i c‡ÿ:

K. HwZnvwmK Ae ’v‡bi cwieZ©b

(1) Awfhvb c~e© whû`v, 1-39

(2) wbe©vmb, 40-55

(3) wbe©vmb DËi whn~`v, 56-66

(4) whkvBq 1-39 Aa¨vq gw›ì KLbI cwZZ n‡e bv hLb 40-66 Aa¨v‡q GUv „k¨Z BwZg‡a¨ cwZZ n‡q‡Q| †jLK

g‡b nq wbe©vm‡b wQ‡jb|

L. Ck¦‡ii g‡bvbxZ‡ì eY©bvq Uv‡g©i cwieZ©b:

(1) Messianic wkï

(2) `y:L‡fvMx `vm

(3) B ªv‡qj †hgb:

K) ¿x (50:1)

L) YHWH Gi `vm (54:17)

5. AvaywbK iÿYkxj cwÛ‡Ziv:

K. 56-66 Aa¨vq m¤ú‡K© E. J. Young Gi gšÍe¨ mvnvh¨Kvix, ÒAvi GKwU m¤¢vebv nj †h AvZ¥vq cwiPvwjZ, m¤úv`K wfbœ

wfbœ fveev`x‡ì KvQ †_‡K whkvB‡qi wkÿv msMÖn K‡i‡Qb GB wefv‡Mi gyj wfwË wnmv‡e|Ó c„ôv..188

L. G. R. K. Harrison Gi gšÍe¨, ÒeZ©gvb †jLK GB `„wófw½ aviY Ki‡Zb †h whkvBq, Ab¨vb¨ †ewki fvM cÖPwjZ

fveev`xg~jK ‡jLwb, wewfbœ mg‡q `Ë msM„wnZ †køv‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix, Ges GiB iKg Kv‡Ri K…wZZ¡ †Kvb Avjv`v gh©v`v

jvf Ki‡Zv bv Ab¨vb¨ cyivZb wbq‡gi eo eo fveevYxi Abymv‡i| GB mshyw³‡Z GUv D‡jøL Kiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h wfbœœ wfbœ

c×wZ ev mvwnZ¨ cÖKv‡ki Dc‡i wfwË K‡i weZK© `ªæZB GB cÖ‡qvM Øviv ejywlZ nq, †h‡nZz GKwU †køvK nq‡Zv fvjfv‡e

†bIqv n‡q‡Q †jL‡Ki wfbœ wfbœ mg‡q Zvi m„wókxjZvi Kv‡Ri m¤ú~Y© c×wZi cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix wnmv‡e| †køv‡Ki msMÖn

wnmv‡e KvRwUi eY©bvi cÿ mg_©‡b †mB Uv‡g©i me‡P‡q fvj „k¨ fveevYxi Avi‡¤¢i c` mieivn K‡i‡Q, †hwU cÖwZôv

K‡i‡Q KvRwUi Rb¨ GKwU wk‡ivbvg, Ges mywbw ©ó fv‡e cÖKvwkZ welq e‡j‡Q †h Av‡gv‡li cyÎ whkvBq `k©‡b †c‡q‡Qb

Dwlq, †hv_g, Avnm, Ges wnw¯‹‡qi mg‡q whn~`v I whiƒkv‡j‡gi wel‡q| mKj †køvK msMÖ‡ni mv‡_ GUv †ek PgrKvi cÖgvY

†h eBwU aviY K‡i‡Q mycÖvc¨ wbe©vwPZ fveev`xg~jK ˆèevYx Ges Dc‡`k, Ges GUv Lye m¤¢e †h whkvBq Drcv`b K‡i‡Qb

ZzjbvgyjK fv‡e A‡bK welq Zvi eB‡Z hv iwÿZ n‡q‡Q Zvi †P‡qI| †køvK wnmv‡e fveevYxi cÖK…wZ AviI wPwýZ K‡i

whkv 2:1 Ges 13:1 c‡` †jLwbi Dc‡i †jLwbi Dcw ’wZ Øviv, ‡hwU cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z cv‡i, ev Dcw ’wZi w`‡K †`wL‡q

w`‡Z cv‡i, c~‡e©i msM„wnZ fveevYxi K_v|Ó c„ôv..780

6. 40-66 Aa¨v‡qi mvwnZ¨ c×wZ 1-39 Aa¨v‡qi †_‡K Avjv`v|

U. †jLK m¤ú‡K© mvivs‡ki gšÍe¨

1. Ck¦if³ cwÛ‡Ziv GLbI A‰b‡Kï g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb †h wKfv‡e Avgv‡ì cyivZb wbq‡g whkvBq eBwU eZ©gvb iƒ‡c G‡m‡Q (DSS Ges MT)| cÖavb ¸iæZ¡ Aek¨B ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e g‡a¨ w`‡q cÖKvwkZ YHWH Gi D‡Ïk¨ I Pwi‡Îi wel‡q Aby‡cÖiYv Ges

wek¦v‡hvM¨Zvi Dc‡i|

2. Avgv‡ì Aek¨B cÖZ¨vLvb Ki‡Z n‡e †h †Kvb ai‡Yi c~e© AbywgZ aviYv hv whkvBq‡i g‡a¨ w`‡q Ck¦‡ii wek¦ Í cÖKvk‡K

A¯xKvi K‡i| G‡Z AviI AšÍ©f~³ Av‡MKvi D³ fveevYxi cÖZ¨vLvb Ges cyivZb wbqg‡K Abb¨ gvbweK, mgKvwjb, HwZnvwmK

weei‡Y bvwg‡q Avbv|

VI. ZvwiL

K. whkvBq nj 8g kZ‡Ki fveev`xi Ask

181

1. DË‡ii †hvbv, Av‡gvl Ges †nv‡kq, 2q hviweqv‡gi ivRZ¡Kv‡j (Lªxó c~e© 786-640)

2. `wÿ‡Yi whkvBq I gxLv

L. wZwb Lªxó c~e© 760 A‡ã Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib Ges Lªxó c~e© 742 A‡ãi w`‡K ‡h ermi Dwlq gviv hvb (6:1) ‡mB erm‡i fveev`x Kv‡Ri

Rb¨ Avnevb cvb| Dwlq‡K AviI Amwiq ejv n‡Zv (Lªxó c~e© 783-742)|

M. Dwlq ivRvi(Lªxó c~e© 783-742) †kl ermi †_‡K †hv_g (Lªxó c~e© 742-735), Avnm (Lªxó c~e© 735-715), wnw¯‹q (Lªxó c~e© 715-

687) Ges m¤¢eZ gb:wk (Lªxó c~e© 687-642) ch©šÍ whkvBq `xN© mg‡qi Rb¨ cwiPh© v K‡iwQ‡jb|

N. R. K Harrison e‡j‡Qb †h eBwU nj whn~`vi †ek wKQz ivRv‡ì mg‡q A‡bK ermi e¨vwc fveevYx I Dc‡`‡ki †køv‡Ki msMÖn Kiv

eB| GUv P~ovšÍ msKjb Ges m¤úv`bv Kiv n‡q‡Q fveev`xi g„Zzï c‡i, cÖvq 630 Lªxó c~‡e©|

O. g‡b Kwi‡q †ÌqvUvi iƒc‡iLv Kiv mnR bq!

VII. HwZnvwmK Ae¯’vb

K. 8g kZ‡Ki fveev`x

1. evB‡e‡ji welqe ‘ cvIqv hvq:

K. 2 ivRv 14:3-17:6 O| †nv‡kq

L. 2 esk 25-28 Aa¨vq P| whkvBq

M. Av‡gvl Q| gxLv

N. †hvbv

2. Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ †cŠËwjKZvi Ae ’vi mnRZi mvivsk †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i †nv‡kq:

K. 2:16 c`, Òevjx ewjqv Avi m‡¤§vab Kwi‡e bvÓ

L. 4:12-13 c`, Ò..Kb¨vMY †ek¨v nq...Ó

M. 4:17, ÒBd«wqg cÖwZgvM‡Y Avm³, Zv&nv‡K _vwK‡Z ‡ÌÓ

N. 13:2, ÒZvnviv †Mvermw`M‡K Pz¤b KiæK!Ó(ag©vbyôvb)

3. mvgvwRK Ae ’vb

K. GUv wQj B ªv‡qj I whn~`v Df‡qi Rb¨B A_©‰bwZK mg„w× I mvgwiK weKv‡ki mgq| hwÌ, GB mg„w× †Kej gvÎ awbK

†kÖYxi Rb¨ DcKvix wQj| `wi ªiv †kvwlZ Ges ewÂZ n‡qwQj| mvgwMÖK fv‡e GUv g‡b nw”Qj †h ÒnwiY I e›`yKÓ n‡q

c‡o‡Q AwZwi³ cÖwZgv!

L. B ªv‡qj I whn~`v Df‡qi mvgvwRK w ’iZv Ges m¤ú` †ek wKQz Kvi‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wQj:

(1) DË‡i 2q hviweqvg (Lªxó c~e© 786-746) Ges `wÿ‡Y Dwl‡qi (Lªxó c~e© 783-742) `xN© I mg„w×kvjx ivRZ¡|

(2) Lªxó c~e© 802 A‡ã A``-wbivix Øviv Amwiqiv wmwiq‡ì civRq Kiv

(3) B ªv‡qj I whn~`vi g‡a¨ Ø›Ø bv _vKv|

(4) c¨v‡jóvB‡bi fzwg‡K ms‡hvM †mZz K‡i DËi †_‡K `wÿ‡Y evwYR¨ c‡_i Kiv‡ivc Ges my‡hv‡Mi eënvi `ªæZ

A_©‰bwZK DbœwZi KviY n‡qwQj, GgbwK m¤ú`kvjx †kÖYxi AwgZe¨v‡qiI KviY n‡qwQj|

M. “Ostraca of Samaria” hvi ZvwiL 2q hviweqv‡gi ivRZ¡Kvj g‡b nq Bw½Z Ki‡Q A‡bKUv k‡jvg‡bi gZ cÖkvmwbK

msMVb‡K| GwU g‡b nq wbwðZ Ki‡Q Ò_vKvÓ Ges Òbv _vKvÓ Gi g‡a¨Kvi wekvj ïb¨Zv‡K|

N. m¤ú`kvjx‡ì AmZZv Av‡gv‡l ¯úófv‡e wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q, hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q ÒmvgvwRK b¨vh¨Zvi fveev`x|Ó wePvi Kv‡R Nyl

cÖ vb Ges e¨vemv‡q IR‡b wg_¨vPvi Kiv wQj Am`vPi‡Yi ywU ®úó D`vniY hv `„k¨Z B ªv‡qj Ges whn~`vq Lye mvaviY n‡q

c‡owQj|

4. agx©q Ae ’vb

K. GUv GKUv mgq wQj A‡bK evwn¨K agx©q KvRK‡g©i wKš‘ wQj Lye mvgvb¨ wek¦vm| Kbv‡bi De©iZvi Avivabv B ªv‡qjx a‡g©i

mv‡_ wg‡k wM‡qwQj| †jv‡Kiv n‡q c‡owQj †cŠËwjK wKš‘ Zviv G‡K ej‡Zv YHWH ZË¡| ivR‰bwZK H‡Kï cÖwZ

Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì cÖeYZv Zv‡ì‡K †cŠËwjK Avivabv I Abykxj‡b AšÍ©f~³ K‡iwQj|

L. B ªv‡q‡ji ‡cŠËwjKZv 2 ivRv 17:7-18 c‡` ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|

(1) 8 c‡` Zviv Kbvbxq‡ì Avivabvi c×wZ Abykxjb Ki‡Q|

K) De©iZvi Avivabv (†jexq 18:22-23)

1) D”P ’vb, 9,10,11 c`

2) cweÎ Í¤¢ (evj), 10,16 c`

182

3) Av‡kiv, 16 c`, G¸wj wQj ev‡ji gwnjv mw½‡ì Kv‡Vi cÖwZK| Zviv wQj nq: †Lv`vB Kiv LywU bv nq

RxešÍ MvQ|

L) a‡i ‡bIqv fwel¨‡Zi wè¨`„wó, 17 c`| G‡K †jexq 19-20 Ges wØ we 18 Aa¨v‡q wb›`v Kiv n‡q‡Q|

(2) 16 c‡` Zviv ywU †mvbvi evQy‡ii Avivabv Pvwj‡q hvw”Qj, YHWH Gi cÖZxK wnmv‡e, `vb Ges ê‡_‡j 1g

hviweqvg ’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb (1 ivRv 12:28-29)|

(3) 16 c‡` Zviv evwe‡ji astral †èZv‡ì Avivabv K‡i‡Q: m~h©, P›`ª, ZviKv, Ges bÿÎcy‡Äi|

(4) 18 c‡` Zviv ˆdwbwKq De©iZvi A¸b †èZv †gvj‡Ki Avivabv K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì wkï‡ì DrmM© K‡i (†jexq 18:21;

20:2-5)| GB Abykxj‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Òmolech|Ó GUv †Kvb †èZvi bvg wQj bv|

M. evjZË¡ (W.F. Albright's Archaeology and the Religion of Israel p. 82ff) (1) Avgv‡ì me‡P‡q fvj cÖZœZvwË¡K Drm nj ÒBaal Epic of Ugarit|Ó

K) GUv evj‡K wPwÎZ K‡i‡Q FZz Abymv‡i g„Z Ges DwÌZ †èZv| †m civwRZ n‡q‡Q Mot Gi Øviv Ges cvZv‡j

ew›` n‡q‡Q| c„w_exi Dc‡i mKj Rxeb iæ× n‡q‡Q| wKš‘, gwnjv †èx‡ì (Anat) mvnv‡h¨, wZwb RxweZ

n‡q‡Qb Ges cÖwZ em‡šÍ Mot ‡K civwRZ K‡ib| wZwb n‡jb De©iZvi †èZv whwb Avivabv K‡i‡Qb hv y

AbyKib Øviv|

L) wZwb AviI Hadad wnmv‡e cwiwPZ|

(2) Kbvbxq †èZv‡ì g‡a¨ El n‡jb cÖavb †èZv wKš‘ ev‡ji RbwcÖqZv Zvi RvqMv `Lj K‡i‡Q|

(3) B ªv‡q‡jxqiv †ewki fvM C‡le‡ji g‡a¨ w`‡q Tyrian Baalism G cÖfvweZ n‡qwQj whwb wQ‡jb †mv‡ii ivRvi

Kb¨v| hv‡K Aw¤ª Zvi cyÎ Avnv‡ei Rb¨ g‡bvbxZ K‡iwQj|

(4) B ªv‡q‡j ’vbxq D”P ’v‡b ev‡ji Avivabv Kiv n‡Zv| wZwb GKwU Lvov cv_‡ii Øviv cÖwZKxKiY n‡Zb| Zvi mw½

Av‡kiv, GKwU †Lv`vB Kiv LywU Øviv cÖwZwKKiY n‡Zb hv cÖwZwKKiY Ki‡Zv Rxeb Mv‡Qi|

N. cÖwZgvc~Rvi †ek wKQz Drm I cÖKvi D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q|

(1) 1g hviweqv‡gi Øviv `vb I ê‡_‡j †mvbvi evQzi ’vcb YHWH Gi Avivabvi D‡Ï‡k¨|

(2) ’vbxq D”P ’v‡b Tyrian De©iZvi †è I †èxi Avivabv|

(3) †mB mg‡q ivR‰bwZK HK¨ RwoZ wQj Avek¨Kxq †cŠËwjKZvq|

5. 8g kZ‡K Aïwiq I evwe‡ji Awfhv‡bi mswÿß mvigg© hv c‡jóvBb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj:

K. 8g kZ‡Ki PviRb fveev`x mwµq wQ‡jb Aïwiqv‡Z UvBwMÖm-BD‡d«IwUm mvg¨‡Rï DÌvb Kv‡j| Ck¦i GB wbôzi RvwZ‡K

eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi †jvK‡ì wePvi Ki‡Z, we‡kl K‡i B ªv‡qjxq‡ì|

(1) wbw ©ó NUbv UªvÝ-R`©vb ivR‰bwZK I mvgwiK HK¨ MVb K‡iwQj hv cwiwPZ wQj ÒSyro-Ephramatic LeagueÓ

bv‡g (Lªxó c~e© 735)| wmwiqv Avi B ªv‡qj †Póv K‡i‡Q ej cÖ‡qv‡M Aïwiqvi weiæ‡× Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy³ n‡Z| cwie‡Z©

Avnm mvnv‡hï Rb¨ Aïwiqv‡Z GKwU wPwV cvwV‡qwQj| cÖ_g ÿgZvkvjx gvbwmKZvi Aïwiq ivRv, 3q wZMør-wc‡jli

(Lªxó c~e© 745-727), mvgwiK P¨v‡j‡Äi mvov cÖ vb K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wmwiqv Awfhvb K‡ib|

(2) cieZx©‡Z, Aïwiqvi cyZzj ivRv B ªv‡q‡ji †nv‡kq (Lªxó c~e© 732-722), wZwb we‡ ªvn K‡ib, Av‡e`b K‡ib wgk‡ii

cÖwZ| 5g kvjg‡bli (Lªxó c~e© 727-722) Avevi B ªv‡q‡j Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib| B ªv‡qj AaxbZv ¯xKv‡ii

Av‡MB wZwb gviv hvb wKš‘ Zvi DËim~ix 2q mviMb (Lªxó c~e© 722-705), Lªxó c~e© 722 A‡ã B ªv‡q‡ji ivRavbx

kgwiqv AwaKvi K‡ib| GB NUbvq Aïwiqiv 27,000 R‡biI †ewk B ªv‡qj‡K wbe©vwmZ K‡i †hgb 732 Lªxó c~‡e©

wZMør-wc‡jli nvRvi nvRvi B ªv‡qjxq‡K wbe©vwmZ K‡iwQ‡jb|

L. Avn‡mi g„Zzï c‡i (Lªxó c~e© 735-715) UªvÝ-R`©vb †`kmg~n I wgki wgwjZ fv‡e Avi GKwU mvgwiK HK¨ MVb K‡i

Aïwiqvi weiæ‡× (Lªxó c~e© 714-711)| GwU cwiwPZ ÒAm‡`v‡ì we‡ ªvnÓ bv‡g| Aïwiqiv Avevi hLb Awfhvb K‡iwQj

ZLb whn~`vi A‡bK bMi asm n‡q wM‡qwQj| cÖ_wgK fv‡e wnw¯‹q GB HK¨‡K mg_©b K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘ c‡i wZwb Zvi mg_©b

Zz‡j †bb|

M. hwÌ, Avevi Avi GKwU HK¨ my‡hvM MÖnY Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i Lªxó c~e© 705 A‡ã Aïwiqvi ÿgZvkvjx ivRv 2q mviM‡bi

g„Zzï c‡i, GB H‡Kï mv‡_ †hvM w`‡qwQj mgMÖ Aïwiq mv¤ªvR¨ Ry‡o _vKv A‡bK we‡`ªvwniv|

(1) wnw¯‹q m¤ú~Y© fv‡e GB we‡ ªv‡n Ask MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| GB P¨v‡j‡Äi Av‡jv‡K mvb‡nwie (Lªxó c~e© 705-681)

c¨v‡jóvBb Awfhvb K‡ib (Lªxó c~e© 701) Ges whiƒkv‡j‡gi wbK‡U wkwei ’vcb K‡ib (2 ivRv 18-19; whkv 36-

39) wKš‘ Zvi ˆmbëvwnwb A‡jŠwKK fv‡e Ck¦‡ii Øviv asm n‡q hvq|

(2) cwÛZ‡ì g‡a¨ wKQz cÖkœ i‡q‡Q †hgb mvb‡nwie KZevi c¨v‡j÷vBb Awfhvb K‡iwQj| (D`vniY: John Bright Gi

gZvbymv‡i Lªxó c~e© 701 A‡ã GKwU Awfhvb Ges m¤¢eZ Avi GKwU Awfhvb n‡qwQj Lªxó c~e© 688 A‡ã, c„ôv..270)

(3) wnw¯‹q Aïwiq‡ì nvZ †_‡K iÿv †c‡qwQ‡jb wKš‘ Zvi evwewjq cÖwZwbwa‡ì Kv‡Q whn~`vi m¤ú‡ì Mwe©Z cÖ k©bxi

Kvi‡Y, whkvBq fveevYx K‡iwQ‡jb evwe‡ji Kv‡Q whn~`vi cZb m¤ú‡K© (39:1-8)| beyL`wbrm‡ii Kv‡Q Lªxó c~e©

587-586 A‡ã whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZb n‡qwQj|

N. whkvBq AviI fveevYx K‡iwQ‡jb gv`xq-cviwmq 2q †Kvi‡mi Aaxb †_‡K Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì cybiæ×v‡ii (41:2-4; 44:28;

45:1; 56:11)| Lªxó c~e© 612 A‡ã bxbexi cZb N‡U evwewjq‡ì Kv‡Q wKš‘ evwe‡ji bMwii cZb N‡U Lªxó c~e© 539 A‡ã

183

†Kvi‡mi †mbvevwnwbi nv‡Z| Lªxó c~e© 538 A‡ã †Kvim GKwU Av‡`k Rvwi K‡ib †h mKj wbe©vwmZ †jv‡Kiv, whn~`x mn,

Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì †`‡k wd‡i †h‡Z cvi‡e| wZwb Zvi †KvlvMvi †_‡K RvwZq gw›ìmg~n cybwbg©v‡bi Rb¨ A_©I mieivn

K‡iwQ‡jb|

L. †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi ÿgZvi GKwU mswÿß HwZnvwmK Rwoc (ZvwiL eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q g~jZ John Bright's A History of Israel, p. 462ff wfwË K‡i): 1. Avïwiq mv¤ªvR¨ (Avw` 10:11):

K. agx©q Ges ms¯‹…wZ wflY fv‡e cÖfvweZ n‡qwQj my‡gwiq/evwewjq mv¤ªvR¨ Øviv|

L. mv¤¢ve¨ kvmK‡ì ZvwjKv I KvQvKvwQ ZvwiL:

(1) 1354-1318 1g Ak~i-DevwjøZ:

K) wnwËq bMwi KK©gxk Rq Kiv|

L) wnwËq cÖfve `yi Ki‡Z ïiæ Kiv Ges Aïwiqv‡K DbœZ Ki‡Z my‡hvM `vb|

(2) 1297-1266 A`` wbivix (ÿgZvkvjx ivRv)|

(3) 1265-1235 1g kjg‡bli (ÿgZvkvjx ivRv)|

(4) 1234-1197 1g UzKzjwU-wbbyiZv

- `wÿ‡Y evwe‡ji mv¤ªv‡Rï cÖ_g weRq|

(5) 1118-1078 1g wZMør-wc‡jli

- Aïwiqv †gmvc‡Uwgqvq cÖavb kw³ n‡q D‡VwQj|

(6) 1012-972 2q Ak~i-ivwe

(7) 972-967 2q Ak~i-‡ik-BmyyB

(8) 966-934 2q wZMør-wc‡jli

(9) 934-912 2q Ak~i `vb

(10) 912-890 2q A``-wbivix

(11) 890-884 2q UzKzjwU-wbbyiZv

(12) 890-859 2q Ak~i-bvwmi-Avcvj

(13) 859-842 3q kjg‡bli

- 853 G KK©‡ii hy×

(14) 824-811 5g kvgvwm-A``

(15) 811-783 3q A``-wbivix

(16) 781-772 4_© kjg‡bli

(17) 772-754 3q Aïi-`vb

(18) 754-745 5g Ak~i-wbivix

(19) 745-727 3q wZMør-wc‡jli:

K) Zvi evwe‡ji wmsnvm‡bi bvgvbymv‡i WvKv, cyj, 2 ivRv 15:19 c`|

L) AZ¨šÍ ÿgZvkvjx ivRv|

M) wewRZ †jvK‡ì wbe©vwmZ Kivi cwjwmi Avi¤¢|

N) Lªxó c~e© 735 A‡ã ÒSyro-Ephramatic LeagueÓ MwVZ n‡qwQj †hUv wQj UªvÝ-R`©vb GjvKvi BD‡d«wUm

Rjaviv †_‡K wgki ch©šÍ mKj cÖvc¨ mvgwiK Drm‡K GKZve× Kivi GKwU cÖ‡Póv hvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj Aïwiq

DwÌZ mvgwiK kw³‡K `gb Kiv| whn~`vi ivRv Avnm hy³ n‡Z A¯xKvi K‡ib Ges B ªv‡qj I wmwiqv Øviv

Awfhv‡bi wkKvi nb| wZwb whkvB‡qi civgk© Abymv‡i 3q wZMør-wc‡jli Gi Kv‡Q mvnv‡hï Rb¨ cÎ †j‡Lb

(whkv 7-12)|

O) 732 A‡ã 3q wZMør-wc‡jli Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib Ges wmwiqv I B ªv‡qj‡K Rq K‡ib Ges B ªv‡q‡ji

wmsnvm‡b cyZzj ivRv †nv‡kq‡K emvb (Lªxó c~e© 732-722)| gv`xq‡Z nvRvi nvRvi whn~`x wbe©vwmZ nq (2 ivRv

15-16)|

(20) 727-722 5g kjg‡bli

- †nv‡kq wgk‡ii mv‡_ GKwU HK¨ ’vcb K‡ib Ges wZwb Aïwiq‡ì Awfhv‡bi wkKvi nb (2 ivRv 17)|

(21) 722-705 2q mviMb:

K) 5g kjg‡bli Øviv m~wPZ wZb eQi Ae‡iv‡ai c‡i, Zvi †mbvcwZ Ges DËim~ix 2q mviMb, B ªv‡q‡ji ivRavbx

kgwiqv Rq K‡ib| 27000 R‡biI †ewk †jvK‡K wbe©vwmZ K‡ib gvw`q‡Z|

L) wnwËq mv¤ªvRÏ wewRZ nq|

M) 714-711 A‡ã UªvÝ-R`©vb RvwZmg~n I wgk‡ii Avi GKwU HK¨ Aïwiqvi weiæ‡× we‡ ªvn K‡i| GB HK¨ Òthe Ashdod RebellionÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ| whn~`vi wnw¯‹q g~jZ hy³ wQ‡jb| Aïwiqiv Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i Ges

†ek wKQz c¨v‡j÷vBb bMix asm K‡i|

184

(22) 705-681 mvb‡nwie:

K) 705 A‡ã UªvÝ R`©vb RvwZmg~n I wgk‡ii Avi GKwU HK¨ 2q mviM‡bi wcZvi g„Zzï c‡i we‡ ªvn K‡i| wnw¯‹q

m¤ú~Y© fv‡e GB HK¨‡K mg_©b K‡iwQ‡jb| 701 A‡ã mvb‡nwie Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib| we‡ ªvn `gb Kiv

n‡qwQj wKš‘ whiƒkv‡jg iÿv †c‡qwQj Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Ri Øviv (whkv 36-39 Ges 2 ivRv 18-19)

L) Gjg I evwe‡ji we‡ ªvnI mvb‡nwie `gb K‡iwQ‡jb|

(23) 681-669 GkviÏb:

K) cÖ_g Aïwiq kvmK wgki Avµgb K‡i Rq K‡iwQ‡jb|

L) evwe‡ji Rb¨ Zvi fxlb mnvbyfzwZ wQj Ges ivRavbx wZwb cybwbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb|

(24) 669-663 Ak~ievwbcvj:

K) Zv‡K AviI ejv n‡q‡Q Blªv 4:10 c‡` Imbvcvi

L) Zvi fvB kgm-k~g-DwKg†K evwe‡ji ivRv Kiv n‡qwQj| GwU †ek wKQz eQi Aïi I evwe‡ji g‡a¨ kvwšÍ

G‡bwQj wKš‘ wfZ‡i wfZ‡i wQj ¯vaxbZvi AvKvsL¨v hvi ewn©cÖKvk N‡U 652 A‡ã, Zvi fvB‡qi Øviv

cwiPvwjZ|

M) _x‡ei cZb, 663

N) Gj‡gi civRq, 653,645

(25) 633-629 Ak~j-GwZj-Cjvbx|

(26) 629-612 wmb-‡ki-BmKzb|

(27) 612-609 2q Ak~i-DevwjøZ:

- wmsnvm‡bi ivRv‡K nvi‡Y wie©vwmZ Kiv nq 614 A‡ã Aïi Ges 612 A‡ã wbbexi cZ‡bi c‡i|

2. be¨-evwej mv¤ªvR¨:

K. 703- ? g`©K-ej`vb:

- Aïwiq kvm‡bi weiæ‡× †ek K‡qKwU we‡ ªvn ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb|

L. 652 kgm-ïg-DwKb:

(1) Gki``‡bi cyÎ Ges Aïievwbcv‡ji fvB|

(2) wZwb Aïwiqvi weiæ‡× we‡ ªv‡ni ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘ civwRZ n‡qwQ‡jb|

M. 625-605 b‡evc‡jli:

(1) be¨-evwej mv¤ªv‡Rï wZwb wQ‡jb cÖ_g m¤ªvU|

(2) wZwb `wÿY †_‡K Avïwiqv AvµgY K‡iwQ‡jb hLb gv`xq Cyaxares DËi-c~e© †_‡K AvµgY K‡iwQj|

(3) Aïwiqvi cyivZb ivRavbx Aï‡ii 614 A‡ã cZb N‡U Ges civµgx bxbexi ivRavbxi cZb N‡U 612 A‡ã|

(4) Aïwiq ˆmbëvwnwbi Aewkóvsk nvi‡Y cvwj‡q hvq| †mLv‡b Zviv GKRb ivRv‡KI cÖwZôv K‡i|

(5) 608 A‡ã 2q d‡iŠY b‡Lv (2 ivRv 23:29) DËi w`‡K AMÖmi nb Aïwiq †mbvevwnwbi Aewkóvsk‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z,

Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj myiÿv AÂj MVb Kiv evwe‡ji DVwZ kw³i weiæ‡×| †hvwkq, whû`vi Ck¦if³ ivRv (2 ivRv 23),

c¨v‡jóvB‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q wgkwiq †mbvevwnwbi hvZvqv‡Zi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| gvwM‡Ïv‡Z †QvU GKwU hy× msNwUZ nq|

†hvwkq AvnZ nb Ges g„ZzëiY K‡ib (2 ivRv 23:29-30)| Zvi †Q‡j, wh‡nvqvnm, cieZx© ivRv nb| 2q d‡iŠY

b‡Lv nvi‡Y Aïwiq evwnwbi asm ‡iva Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK †`wi‡Z G‡m †cŠQvb| wZwb evwe‡ji †mbvevwnwb hvi †bZ…‡Z¡

wQ‡jb ivRv 2q beyL`wbrmi Zvi m‡½ hy‡× wjß n‡q c‡owQ‡jb Ges BD‡d«wU‡m KK©gx‡ki hy‡× 605 A‡ã G‡Kev‡i

civwRZ nb|

Zvi wgk‡i wd‡i hvevi c‡_ wZwb whiƒkv‡j‡g _v‡gb Ges bMiwU jyÉb K‡ib| wZwb wh‡nvqvm‡K c`Pz¨r Ges wZb

gvm c‡i Zv‡K wbe©vwmZ K‡ib| wZwb †hvwk‡qi Avi GK †Q‡j‡K wmsnvm‡b emvb, whwb wQ‡jb wh‡nvqvwKg (2 ivRv

23:31-35)|

(6) 2q beyL`wbrmi c¨v‡j÷vB‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q wgkwiq †mbvevwnwb‡K `wÿ‡Y avIqv K‡ib wKš‘ wZwb Zvi wcZvi g„Zz¨

msev` cvb I evwe‡j wd‡i Av‡mb|

cieZx©‡Z †mB GKB eQi wZwb c¨v‡j÷vB‡b wd‡i Av‡mb| wZwb whn~`vi wmsnvm‡b wh‡nvqvKxg‡K emvb wKš‘ †ek

K‡qK nvRvi †bZ…Z¡ vbKvix bvMwiK I †ewk wKQz ivRKxq cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì wbe©vwmZ K‡ib| `vwb‡qj I Zvi eÜziv

GB wbe©vm‡bi Ask wQ‡jb|

N. 605-562 2q beyL`wbrmi:

(1) 597-538 A‡ãi g‡a¨ evwej c¨v‡j÷vB‡bi wbqš¿Y KvR m¤ú~Y© K‡iwQj|

(2) 597 A‡ã whiƒkv‡jg †_‡K Avi GKwU wbe©vmb msNwUZ nq KviY wh‡nvqvKxg wgk‡ii mv‡_ mvgwiK HK¨ ’vcb

K‡iwQj (2 ivRv 24)| 2q beyL`wbrmi Avmvi Av‡MB wZwb gviv wM‡qwQ‡jb| Zvi †Q‡j wh‡nvqvKxb evwewe‡j

wbe©vwmZ nIqv ch©šÍ gvÎ wZb gv‡mi Rb¨ ivRv n‡qwQj| whwn‡¯‹j mn 10 nvRvi bvMwiK, evwej bMixi wbK‡U Kevi

b`xi Zx‡i cybemwZ ’vcb K‡iwQj|

185

(3) 586 A‡ã, wgk‡ii mv‡_ AweiZ m¤ú‡K©, whiƒkv‡jg bMwi m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c asm n‡qwQj (2 ivRv 25) Ges MY wbe©vmb

msNwUZ n‡qwQj| wmw`wKq, whwb wh‡nvqvKx‡bi ’jvwfwl³ n‡qwQ‡jb, wbe©vwmZ nb Ges M`wjq‡K kvmbKZ©v wnmv‡e

wb‡qvM `vb Kiv nq|

(4) M`wjq whn~`x we‡`ªvnx †mbvevwnwb Øviv wbnZ nb| GB †mbvevwnwb wgk‡i cvwj‡q hvq Ges whiwgq‡K eva¨ K‡i Zv‡ì

mv‡_ †h‡Z| PZz_© ev‡ii gZ beyL`wbrmi Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib (605,596,586,582) Ges wZwb Aewkó whn~`x

hv‡ì wZwb Luy‡R †c‡q‡Qb Zv‡ì mevB‡K wbe©vwmZ K‡ib|

O. 562-560 A‡ã Gwfj-gvi`K, whwb AviI cwiwPwZ wQ‡jb Av‡gj-gvi`K bv‡g

- wZwb KvivMvi †_‡K wh‡nvqvKxg‡K gy³ K‡ib wKš‘ wZwb evwe‡jB i‡q hvb (2 ivRv 25:27-30; whi 52:31)|

P. 560-556 †bwiMwjmvi|

- wZwb wQ‡jb beyL`wbrm‡ii †mbvcwZ whwb whiƒkv‡jg asm K‡iwQ‡jb|

Q. 556- iekvwK-gvi`K|

- whwb wQ‡jb †bwiMwjmv‡ii cyÎ wKš‘ bqgvm c‡i ¸ß NvZ‡Ki nv‡Z wbnZ n‡qwQ‡jb|

R. 556-539 b‡evwb`vm:

(1) b‡evwb`vm ivR cwiev‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wQ‡jb bv ZvB wZwb 2q beyL`wbrm‡ii †g‡q‡K we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb|

(2) wZwb †Ugvq P› ª †èZv ÒmxbÓ Gi gw›ì wbg©v‡Y †ewki fvM mgq cvi K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wQ‡jb GB †èxi gnv

cy‡ivwn‡Zi cyÎ| GwU Zv‡K evwe‡ji cÖavb †èZv gvi yK Gi cy‡ivwnZ gvi y‡Ki êwiZvq †d‡jwQj|

(3) wZwb we‡ ªvn `gb I mv¤ªv‡Rï ALÛZv eRvq ivL‡Z †ewk mgq cvi K‡i‡Qb|

(4) wZwb †Ugvq P‡j hvb Ges Ges evwe‡ji ivRavbx‡Z, iv‡Rï KvR Zvi cyÎ †ejkrm‡ii nv‡Z Ac©Y K‡ib (`vwb 5)|

S. ? Ñ539 †ejkrmi (mn-ivRZ¡)

- BD‡d«wUi Rj nv‡Z wfbœ w`‡K cÖevwnZ K‡i Ges evavnxb fv‡e bM‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i Gutium Gi †Mvewiqv‡mi

Aax‡b gv`xq-cviwmq †mbvevwnwb Lye `ªæZ evwej bMwii cZb NwU‡qwQj| cy‡ivwn‡Ziv Ges bM‡ii †jv‡Kiv

cviwmqvb‡ì gyw³`vZv Ges gvi`y‡Ki cybiæ×viKvix wnmv‡e †`‡LwQj| 2q †Kvim Øviv †Mvewiqvm evwe‡ji

kvmbKZ©v wb‡qvM cÖvß nb| nq 2q †Kvim bv nq †Mvewiqvm n‡jb `vwb 5:31 Ges 6:1 c‡ì Ògv`xq `vwiqvm|Ó

`vwiqvm A_© ÒivRKxq GKRb|Ó

3. gv`xq-cviwmq mv¤ªvR¨: 2q †Kvi‡mi DÌvb ch©v‡jvPbv (whkv 44:28; 45:1-7):

K. 625-585 Cyaxares gv`xq ivRv n‡qwQ‡jb whwb evwej‡K Aïwiq‡ì civwRZ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jb|

L. 585-550 Astyages gv`xq ivRv nb| g¨v‡Ûbv Øviv †Kvim wQ‡jb Zvi bvwZ|

M. 550-530 Avbmv‡gi 2q †Kvim wQ‡jb cyZzj ivRv whwb we‡`ªvn K‡iwQ‡jb|

(1) evwe‡ji ivRv b‡evwb`vm, †Kvim‡K mg_©b K‡iwQ‡jb|

(2) 2q †Kvim Astyages †K wmsnvmbP yr K‡iwQ‡jb|

(3) ÿgZvi mgšqi cybiæ×v‡ii Rb¨ b‡evwb`vm, mvgwiK HK¨ ’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb:

K. wgki|

L. jyw`qvi ivRv †µvmvm (Gwkqv gvBbi)|

N. 547-2q †Kvim mvw`©‡mi weiæ‡× hy× hvÎv K‡ib (jyw`qvi ivRavwb)|

O. 539 A‡ãi 2 b‡f¤i, Gutium Gi †Mvewiqvm, †Kvi‡mi †mbvevwnwbi mv‡_ wg‡j, webv evavq evwej Rq K‡ib|

†Mvewiqvm‡K evwe‡ji kvmbKZ©v Kiv n‡qwQj|

P. 539 A‡ãi A‡±vei, ÒgnvbÓ 2q †Kvim e¨w³MZ fv‡e gyw³`vZv wnmv‡e cÖ‡ek K‡ib| Zvi RvwZq `‡ji cÖwZ gnvbyfeZvi

bxwZ eû eQ‡ii cÖPwjZ wbe©vm‡bi RvZxq bxwZ cv‡ë hvq|

Q. 538- whn~`x Ges Ab¨vb¨‡ì AbygwZ †Ìqv nq Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì †`‡k wd‡i hvevi Ges Zv‡ì wbR wbR †`kxq gw›ì

wbg©v‡bi|

R. 530- †Kvi‡mi cyÎ 2q ‡Kgevwmm, Zvi DËimyix nb|

S. 530-522 2q †Kgevwm‡mi ivRZ¡Kvj|

- 525 A‡ã gv`xq-civwmq mv¤ªv‡R¨ wgkwiq mv¤ªvR¨ hy³ K‡ib|

- m¤¢eZ AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡iwQ‡jb|

T. 522-486 1g `vwiqvm kvm‡b Av‡mb|

(1) wZwb ivR cwiev‡ii wQ‡jb bv wKš‘ wQ‡jb mvgwiK †mbvcwZ|

(2) wZwb cviwmq mv¤ªvR¨‡K msMwVZ K‡iwQ‡jb †Kvi‡mi Satraps Gi Rb¨ cwiKíbv eënvi K‡i (Blªv 1-6; nMq;

mLwiq)|

(3) wZwb jyw`qvi gZ gy`ªvi cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb|

U. 486-465 1g An‡k¦im Gi ivRZ¡Kvj:

(1) wgkwiq we‡ ªvn‡K `gb K‡iwQ‡jb|

(2) B”QzK wQ‡jb MÖxm Awfhv‡bi Ges cviwmK‡ì ¯cœ c~iY Ki‡Z wKš‘ 480 A‡ã _vi‡gvcwj Ges 479 A‡ã mvjvwg‡mi

hy‡× civwRZ nb|

186

(3) B‡ó‡ii ¯vgx hv‡K evB‡e‡j ejv n‡q‡Q An‡k¦im wZwb 465 A‡ã ¸ß NvZ‡Ki nv‡Z wbnZ nb|

1. 465-424 A‡ã 1g AZ©L Í ivRZ¡ ïiæ K‡ib (Blªv 7-10; bwnwgq; gvjvwL):

(1) MÖx‡Kiv µgk GwM‡q †h‡Z _v‡K hZÿb ch©šÍ bv wc‡jvcv‡bwkqvb M„n hy‡×i m¤§yLxb nq|

(2) MÖxK `yB fvM n‡q hvq (Av_vwbqvb Ñ wc‡jvcv‡bwkqvb)|

(3) MÖxK M„n hy× cÖvq 20 eQi P‡jwQj|

(4) GB mgqKv‡j whn~`x mgvR mejZi n‡Z _v‡K|

V. 423-404 Aã 2q `vwiqv‡mi ivRZ¡Kvj|

W. 404-358 Aã 2q AZ©L‡ Íi ivRZ¡Kvj|

X. 358-338 Aã 3q AZ©L‡ Íi ivRZ¡Kvj|

Y. 338-336 Aã Avi‡mm Gi ivRZ¡Kvj|

Z. 336-331 Aã 3q `vwiqv‡mi ivRZ¡Kvj|

4. wgk‡ii ch©v‡jvPbv:

K. nvB‡Kvm (†glcvjK ivRvÑ‡mwgwUK kvmK)-1720/10-1550 Lªxó c~e©

L. 18 Zg ivRZš¿ (1570-1310 Lªxó c~e©)

(1) 1570-1546 Av‡gvwmm

(2) 1546-1525 1g Av‡g‡bvwdm (1g Av‡gvb‡nv‡Uvc)|

(3) 1525-1494 1g _yU‡gvwmm

(4) ? 2q _yZ‡gvwmm

(5) ? Hatshepsut (6) 1490-1435 3q _yZ‡gvwmm

(7) 1435-1414 2q Av‡g‡bvwdm|

(8) 1414-1406 4_© _yZ‡gvwmm

(9) 1406-1370 3q Av‡g‡bvwdm

(10) 1370-1353 4_© Av‡g‡bvwdm (Av‡Lbv‡Ub)

(11) ? Smenkhare

(12) ? Zz‡ZbLv‡gb

(13) ? Ay

(14) 1340-1310 nv‡ignve

M. 19 Zg ivRZš¿ (Lªxó c~e© 1310-1200):

(1) ? 1g iv‡gwll

(2) 1309-1290 1g †mwU

(3) 1290-1224 iv‡gwmm (2q iv‡gwmm)

(4) 1224-1216 Marniptah (Merenptah) (5) ? Av‡gb‡g‡mm

(6) ? 2q †mwU

(7) ? wmcUvn

(8) ? Tewosret N. 20 Zg ivRZš¿ (Lªxó c~e© 1180-1065):

(1) 1175-1144 3q iv‡gwll

(2) 1144-1065 4_© Ñ GKv`k iv‡gwll

O. 21 Zg ivRZš¿ (Lªxó c~e© 1065-935)

(1) ? †¯§b‡Wm

(2) ? †nwini

P. 22 Zg ivRZš¿ (Lªxó c~e© 935-725 Ñ wjweqvb):

(1) 935-914 kxkK (1g kxkK ev 1g †kksM)

(2) 914-874 1g Osorkon

(3) ? 2q Osorkon

(4) ? 2q Shoshnek

Q. 23 Zg ivRZš¿ (Lªxó c~e© 759-715 Ñ wjweqvb)

R. 24 Zg ivRZš¿ (Lªxó c~e© 725-709)

S. 25 Zg ivRZš¿ (Lªxó c~e© 716/15-663 Ñ Bw_qwcqv/byweqvb):

(1) 710/09-696/95 kvev‡Kv (kvevKz)

(2) 696/95-685/84 †ke‡U‡Kv (†kweUKz)

187

(3) 690/89, 685/84Ñ

664 wZinvKv (ZvnviKv)

(4) ? UvbUvgyb

T. 26 Zg ivRZš¿ (Lªxó c~e© 663-525 Ñ mvBwUK):

(1) 663-609 1g Psammetichus (Psamtik)

(2) 609-593 2q wb‡Kv (wb‡Pv)

(3) 593-588 2q Psammetichus (Psamtik)

(4) 588-569 GwcÖqvm (†nvd«v)

(5) 569-252 Avgvwmm

(6) ? 3q Psammetichus (Psamtik)

U. 27 Zg ivRZš¿ (Lªxó c~e© 525-401 Ñ cviwmqv):

(1) 530-522 2q Kvgevwmm (2q †Kvi‡mi cyÎ)

(2) 522-486 1g `vwiqvm

(3) 486-465 1g Xerxes (4) 465-424 1g AZ©ÿ Í

(5) 423-404 2q `vwiqvm

wfbœ Kvjµ‡gi Rb¨ †`Lyb Zondervan's Pictorial Bible Encyclopedia, vol. 2 p. 231 |

5. MÖx‡mi ch©v‡jvPbv:

K. 359-336 g¨v‡mW‡bi 2q wdwjc:

(1) MÖxK M‡o †Zvjv|

(2) 336 A‡ã ¸ß NvZ‡Ki nv‡Z wbnZ nb|

L. 336-323 ÒgnvbÓ 2q Av‡KRvÛvi (wdwj‡ci cyÎ):

(1) AvBmy‡mi hy‡× cvi‡mï ivRv 2q `vwiqvm civwRZ nb|

(2) 323 A‡ã R¡‡i AvµvšÍ n‡q evwe‡j gviv hvb 33/32 eQi eq‡m|

(3) Zvi g„Zzï c‡i Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii †mbvcwZiv mv¤ªvR¨ wefvM K‡ib:

K) K¨v‡mbWvi Ñ gvwK`wbqv Ges MÖxm

L) jvBwmgvKvm Ñ_ªvm

M) 1g †mjyKvm Ñ wmwiqv I evwej

N) U‡jwg Ñ wgki I c¨v‡j÷vBb

O) Gw›U‡Mvbvm Ñ Gwkqv gvBbi (wZwb †ewk w`b ’vqx nb bvB)

M. c¨v‡jóvB‡bi wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †mjywmW ebvg U‡jwg

(1) wmwiqv (†mjywmW kvmKMb):

K) 312-280 1g †mjyKvm

L) 280-261 1g Gw›UqKvm †mvmUvi

M) 261-246 2q Gw›UqKvm †_Dm

N) 246-226 2q †mjyKvm K¨vwjwbKvm

O) 226-223 3q †mjyKvm †mivDbym

P) 223-187 gnvb 3q Gw›UqKvm

Q) 187-175 4_© †mjyKvm wd‡jvcv‡Uvi

R) 175-163 4_© Gw›UqKvm Gwddvwbm

S) 163-162 5g Gw›UqKvm

T) 162-150 1g wWwgwUªqvm

(2) wgkwiq (U‡jwg‡ì) kvmKMY:

K) 327-285 1g U‡jwg †mvUvi

L) 285-246 2q U‡jwg wdjv‡Wjwdqvm

M) 246-221 3q U‡jwg Gwf‡MUm

N) 221-203 4_© U‡jwg wd‡jvcv‡Uvi

O) 203-181 5g U‡jwg Gwddvwbm

P) 181-146 4_© U‡jwg wd‡jv‡g‡Uvi

(3) mswÿß ch©v‡jvPbv:

K) 301 Ñ eû ermi e¨vwc c¨v‡jóvBb U‡jwgi Aax‡b

188

L) 175-163 4_© GwUqKvm Gwddvwbm, †mjywm‡ì 8g kvmK, †Rvi K‡i whn~`x‡ì MÖxK Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb, hw`

cÖ‡qvRb nq:

1) gjøhy‡×i ’vb wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb|

2) gw›`‡i †cŠËwjK wRDm Awjw¤úqv‡mi †ew` wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb

VIII. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. mswÿß iƒc‡iLv

1. 1-39 Aa¨vq Ñ fveev`x Ges Zvi mgq

2. 40-66 Aa¨vq (ev m¤¢eZ 40-55 Ges 56-60) Ñ b~Zb hyM

L. 1-39 Aa¨vq, whkvB‡qi mgqKv‡ji HwZnvwmK Ae ’vb (wbe©vmb c~e©)

1. 1-6 Aa¨vq, Dwlq I †hv_g ivRvi Aax‡b

2. 7-14 Aa¨vq, Avnm ivRvi Aax‡b

3. 15-39 Aa¨vq, wnw¯‹q ivRvi Aax‡b (36-39 Aa¨vq 2 ivRv 18:13-20:19 c‡ì mgvšÍivj)

M. 40-66 Aa¨vq, wbe©vmb I wbe©vmb DËi mgqKvj nj fwel¨r mv¤ªv‡Rï iƒc|

1. 1-39 Aa¨vq †hgb whkvB‡qi cÖPvi cÖwZdwjZ K‡i Ges Zv ¯úóZ †gŠwLK Dc ’vcbv, 40-55 Aa¨vq cÖwZdwjZ K‡i byZb

Ae ’vb| Ck¦‡ii wePvi Avm‡Q Ges GLb cyb ’vcb nj cÖavb welq| AviI Av‡Q c×wZMZ Bw½Z †h GB Aa¨vq¸wj †hgb wjwLZ

n‡q‡Q ZZUv †gŠwLK wQj bv|

2. 1-39 Aa¨vq ¯úóZ Aïwiq ûgKxi wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q, Ges evwe‡ji ûgKxi gZ, wbw ©ó fv‡e 13-14,21 Ges 39 Aa¨vq|

40-55 Aa¨vq cviwmq mgqKvj Av‡jvPbv K‡i Ges Ck¦‡ji †jvK‡ì cÖwZÁvZ †`‡k cyb ’vcb|

3. whkvB‡qi †kl w`‡Ki Aa¨vq¸wj, 56-66, G¸wj eschatological, cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï HwZnvwmK iƒcK eënvi K‡i‡Q

wek¦Rwbb GK Ck¦iev`x RM‡Zi YHWH Gi Aivabvi Qvqv¯iƒc|

N. whkvBq cy Í‡Ki iƒc‡iLv Kivi KwVbZv

1. AvaywbK †ewki fvM cwÛ‡Ziv eBwU‡K Kgc‡ÿ ywU fv‡M wef³ K‡i‡Qb: 1-39 Aa¨vq Ges 40-66 Aa¨vq| R. K. Harrison:

1-33 Aa¨vq Ges 34-66 Aa¨vq KviY DSS †U·‡U GKwU dvKv ’vb i‡q‡Q| GUv DSS †U·‡U GKwU my¯úó wefvM 33 Ges

34 Aa¨v‡qi g‡a¨ hv cÖkœ Zz‡j‡Q †h whkvBq eBwU Zvi Abymvix‡ì Øviv `ywU L‡Û iPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| W.H. Brownlee cÖ Íve

K‡i‡Qb †h KvVv‡gvMZ w`K †_‡K `ywU LÛ GKwU AciwUi Avqbv:

LÛ 1: LÛ 2

1-5 Aa¨vq - asm Ges cyb ’vcb 34-35 Aa¨vq

6-8 Aa¨vq - Rxebxg~jK Dcv`vb 36-40 Aa¨vq

9-12 Aa¨vq - Hk¦ixK Avkxe©v‡ì cÖwZwbwa Ges wePvi 41-45 Aa¨vq

13-23 Aa¨vq - we‡`kx kw³i weiæ‡× ˆèevYx 46-48 Aa¨vq

24-27 Aa¨vq - wek¦Rbxb cwiÎvY Ges B ªv‡q‡ji D×vi 49-55 Aa¨vq

28-31 Aa¨vq - ˆbwZK Dc‡`k 56-59 Aa¨vq

32-33 Aa¨vq - RvwZi cybiæ×vi 60-66 Aa¨vq

2. wKQz wKQz iƒc‡iLv bRi w`‡q‡Q HwZnvwmK Ae ’v‡bi w`‡K Abïv bRi w`‡q‡Q gkxq welqK welq e ‘i w`‡K

NIV Leupold

7-12 Aa¨vq ÒfveevYxi Dcjÿ¨ whn~`vi weiæ‡× Aivgxq ÒImmanuel eBÓ

I B ªv‡qjxq ûgKxÓ

28-33 Aa¨vq ÒQqwU kc_: cuvPwU B ªv‡q‡ji Awek¦vmx‡ì Dc‡i ÒThe Book of ZionÓ

Ges GKwU Aïwiq‡ì Dc‡iÓ (†Kv‡Yi cv_i)

3. mvwnZ¨ GK‡Ki wKQz AwbðqZvi D`vniY (1-12 Aa¨vq)

K. E. Y. Young Øviv 1-12 Aa¨v‡qi iƒc‡iLv, c„ôv..211-214:

(1) 1:1-12:6 c` whn~`x I whiƒkv‡jg welqK fveevYx

K) 1:1-31 c` gnv Awf‡hvM

L) 2:1-4:6 c` †jvK‡ì Dc‡i gkx‡ni ivRZ¡ Ges wePvi

M) 3:5-30 c` whn~`vi cÖej Aavwg©KZv

N) 6:1-13 c` whkvB‡qi m`vcÖfzi `k©b

189

O) 7:1-12:6 c` Avn‡mi ivRZ¡Kv‡j fveevYx †NvlYv

L. R.K. Harrison Øviv 1-2 Aa¨v‡qi iƒc‡iLv, c„ôv..764:

(1) 1-5 Aa¨vq, whn~`vi asm I cyb ’vcb welqK fveevYx

(2) 6-8 Aa¨vq, whkvB‡qi Avnevb; Rxebxg~jK Dcv`vb

(3) 9-12 Aa¨vq, eZ©gvb RvM‡Zi mv¤ªvR¨mg~n I Zv‡ì f~wgKv

M. NIV Study Bible Øviv 1-12 Aa¨v‡qi iƒc‡iLv, c„ôv..1016

(1) 1-6 Aa¨vq

K) f~wgKv: wbqg fv½vi Rb¨ whn~`vi weiæ‡× Awf‡hvM, 1 Aa¨vq

L) whn~`v I whiƒkv‡j‡gi fwel¨r kvmb Ges †MŠie, 2-4 Aa¨vq

1) whiƒkv‡j‡gi fwel¨r Avkxe©v`, (2:1-5)

2) whn~`v‡K m`vcÖfzi kvmb (2:6-4:1)

3) wm‡qv‡bi cyb ’vcb (4:2-6)

M) RvwZi wePvi I wbe©vmb (5 Aa¨vq)

N) whkvB‡qi Ab¨b¨ wb‡qvM (6 Aa¨vq)

(2) 7-12 Aa¨vq

K) Aivgxq I B ªv‡q‡ji mvgwiK H‡Kï wel‡q fq bv cvevi Rb¨ Avnm‡K mZK© Kiv (7 Aa¨vq)

L) whkvB‡qi cyÎ Ges `vq~‡ì cyÎ (8:1-9:7)

M) B ªv‡q‡ji weiæ‡× `Û (9:8-10:4)

N) Aïwiq mv¤ªvR¨ Ges Davidic ivR¨ (10:5-12:6)

1) Aïwiqvi asm (10:5-34)

2) Davidic ivRv I Zvi ivR¨ cÖwZôv (11 Aa¨vq)

3) D×v‡ii Rb¨ Avb‡›ì Mvb (12 Aa¨vq)

N. H.C. Leupold Øviv 1-12 Aa¨v‡qi iƒc‡iLv, c„ôv..38-40

(1) whiƒkv‡jg I whn~`v welqK fveevYx (1-12 Aa¨vq)

K) f~wgKv: whkvB‡qi êwkó¨gq evZ©v (1 Aa¨vq)

1. wk‡ivbvg, 1 c`

2. Hk¦ixK Awf‡hvMcÎ, 2-4 c`

3. RvwZi cÖdzjøZvnxb evwn¨K Ae ’v, 5-9 c`

4. eZ©gv‡bi Avivabvi cÖ×wZ Av‡iv‡Mï Rb¨ AKvh©Ki, 10-15 c`

5. gb cwieZ©‡bi Avnevb, 16-20 c`

6. whiƒkv‡j‡gi ywb©wZi D‡jøL, 21-33 c`

7. wePvi Øviv B ªv‡qj D×vi cv‡e, 24-31 c`

L) wePv‡ii g‡a¨ w`‡q Ck¦‡ii AbyMÖnkxj cÖwZÁvi cwic~Y©Zv, 2-6 Aa¨vq

1. gkx‡ni hy‡M wm‡qv‡bi †MŠiegq fwel¨r, 2:2-5 c`

2. wm‡qv‡bi Am¤§vbRbK eZ©gvb, 2:6-41 c`

K) eZ©gv‡bi g~j¨nxb g~j¨‡ev‡ai eY©bv, 6-9 c`

L) Avmbœ fqsKi wePvi m¤ú‡K© Bw½Z, 10-11 c`

M) m`vcÖfzi w`b mKj g~j¨nxb gyj¨‡ev‡ai wK Ki‡e, 12-17 c`

N) cÖwZgvi fvM¨, 18-21 c`

O) `vwqZ¡Ávbnxb †bZv‡ì cÖwZ m`vcÖfzi Awf‡hvM cÎ, 2:22-3:15

1) AivRKZvi djvd‡ji Ae ’v hLb m`vcÖfz mKj mg_©b Zz‡j †b‡eb, 3:1-12 c`

2) ‡bZv‡ì Aciva hviv GB cwi‡ek G‡b‡Q, 3:13-15 c`

P) whiƒkv‡j‡gi `vw¤¢K I Pcj gwnjv‡ì cÖwZ m`vcÖfzi Awf‡hvM, 3:16-4:1 c`

Q) wm‡qvb cwi¯‹…ZKiY, 4:2-6 c`

R) Ck¦‡ii Zuvi †`vlx †jvK‡ì cÖwZ wePvi, 5 Aa¨vq

1) `ªvÿv‡ÿ‡Îi „óvšÍ, 1-7 Aa¨vq

2) B ªv‡qj Øviv wZ³ `ªvÿvi Drcv`b, 8:23 c`

3) Avmbœ wePvi Aïwiq‡ì Øviv Avbv n‡”Q, 24-30 c`

S) B ªv‡qjxq‡ì wePvi †hfv‡e fveev`xi g~j Avnev‡b AšÍ©f~³, 6 Aa¨vq

1) fveev`xi `k©b, 1-3 c`

2) `k©‡bi cÖwZ fveev`xi cÖwZwµqv, 4-5 c`

3) Zvi wb¯‹…wZ, 6-7 c`

4) Zvi wb‡qvM, 8-9

K

c`

190

5) Zvi evZ©v, 9

L

-13 c`

M) B¤§vb~‡qj eB (7-12 Aa¨vq)

1. B¤§vb~‡qj wPý, 7 Aa¨vq

K) Dc‡ii Rjvk‡qi NUbv, 1-9 c`

L) †mB NUbvi avivevwnKZv, B¤§vb~‡qj wel‡q evK¨, 10-17 c`

M) AviI avivevwnKZv, †`‡ki as‡mi fwel¨revYx, 18-25 c`

2. Aby‡cÖiYvi mgq (Lªxó c~e© 734-732) Ges wKfv‡e Zv wgUvb n‡qwQj, 8 Aa¨vq

K) `‡¤§kK I wmwiqvq jyUcvU, 1-4 c`

L) whn~`vq Aïwiq Awfhvb, 5-8 c`

M) B¤§vb~‡qj †h wbivcËv w`‡Z cv‡ib, 8-10 c`

N) Kv‡K Ges wK fq Ki‡Z n‡e, 11-15 c`

O) wek¦v‡m âh© a‡i A‡cÿv Kiv, 16-18 c`

P) w`‡bi Rb¨ mwVK †køvMvb, 19-22 c`

3) PviwU bv‡gi wkï, 9:1-7 c`

K) GKwU mvivsk, 1 c`

L) gnv Avb›`, 2-3 c`

M) hv wb‡q hvIqv n‡q‡Q, 4-5 c`

N) gnv Avb‡›ì Avw` KZ©v, 6-7 c`

4) ÒGLbI Zvi nvZ cÖmvwiZ n‡q‡Q,: 9:8-10:4 c`

K) AcweÎ M‡e©i Kvi‡Y kÎæi Øviv civwRZ n‡e, 8-12 c`

L) µgvMZ AbyZßnxbZvi Kvi‡Y †bZ…‡Z¡i †e`Lj n‡e, 13-17 c`

M) cÖej `yóZvi Kvi‡Y M„nhy× n‡e, 18-21 c`

N) mvgvwRK Ab¨vh¨Zvi Kvi‡Y w`b MYbv Kiv n‡e, 10:1-4

5) Ak~wiq‡ì cÖwZ `y`©kv, 10:5-34

K) Mwe©Z Aïwiqiv fzj e¨vL¨v Ki‡e Ck¦i †_‡K Zv‡ì we‡kl KvR‡K, 5-11 c`

L) wePvi Ki‡Z Uvjevnvbv Kiv GB `vw¤¢K weRqx‡ì AvNvZ Ki‡e, 12-14 c`

M) Zv‡ì J×‡Zï Kvi‡Y Aïwiqv R½‡ji Av¸b Øviv cy‡o †kl n‡q hv‡e, 15-19 c`

N) Ck¦‡ii wePv‡ii cÖj‡qi c‡i B ªv‡q‡ji Aewkóvsk †`‡k wd‡i Avm‡e, 20-23 c`

O) Aïwiqvi cZ‡bi c‡i wm‡qvb gy³ n‡e, 24-27 c`

P) †KŠkjMZ Ak~wiq AMÖhvÎv hv cÖvq wm‡qvb‡K `Lj Ki‡e †hwU miKvix wee„wZi Uv‡g© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q

mvg‡b †_‡K, 28-32 c`

Q) Mwe©Z Aïwiq R½j Yahweh †K‡U †dj‡eb, 33-34 c`

R) `vq~` eskxq gkxn Ges Zuvi cwiÎv‡Yi gnv KvR, 11 Aa¨vq

1) gkxn welqK DcKiY, 1-3

K

c`

2) Zuvi KvR Kivi cÖK…wZ, 3

L

-5 c`

3) iƒcvšÍi AvK…wZ cv‡e cÖK…wZi iv‡RÏ, 6-9 c`

4) wZwb B ªv‡q‡ji Rb¨ wK Ki‡eb †mB Uv‡g© Zuvi KvR ewY©Z, 10-16 c`

S) †h w`b Avm‡Q †mB gnv w`‡bi Rb¨ cÖksmv Ki, 12 Aa¨vq

1) B ª‡q‡ji As‡ki we‡køl‡Yi Dc‡i GB ai‡Yi cÖksmvi Avnevb, 1-2 c`

2) †mB w`‡bi Avkxe©v‡ì mvivsk eY©bv, 3 c`

3) GB ai‡Yi cÖksmv `v‡bi wel‡q Dc‡`k, 4-6 c`

IX. cÖavb mZ¨

K. whkvBq Davidic wbq‡gi cÖwZ whn~`vi wek¦ ÍZv aviY Ki‡Zb (2q kg~ 7) wKš‘ wZwb Aeªvnv‡gi wbq‡gi (Avw` 12:1-3) D‡Ï‡ki

w`‡KI wdi‡Zb †hwU wQj Ck¦‡ii B ªv‡qj‡K g‡bvbq‡bi gva¨‡g RMZ‡K g‡bvbqb| YHWH Gi wek¦&Rbxb ivR‡Z¡i wK `viæb Zzjbv

Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ck¦i †Kej gvÎ B ªv‡qj‡K cyb ’vcb Ki‡eb bv wKš‘ mgMÖ RM‡Z Zvi cÖfve‡K cÖmvwiZ Ki‡eb!

L. whkvBq Zvi mg‡q mywbw ©ó fv‡e RvMwZK NUbv cÖev‡ni MwZ cÖK…wZi Ges fwel¨‡Zi fveevYx K‡i‡Qb, Ck¦‡ii gkx‡ni gva¨‡g

Davidic ivR¨ cyb ’vc‡b cwiPvjbv †`‡e (†hgb wgLvI K‡i‡Qb)| GB ivR¨ n‡e cweÎ Ges wek¦Rbxb (†hgb wgLvI K‡i‡Qb)| GB

Dfq w`KB nj whkvB‡qi GK Ck¦iev`x, cweÎ ÎvYKvix Ck¦i|

191

M. whkvBq ¯úófv‡e †`wL‡q‡Qb Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì RvMwZK, cwZZ, gvbweK Drmmg~‡ni Dc‡i wbf©iZvi wbõjZv| D×vi †KejgvÎ

YHWH Gi KvQ †_‡KB Avm‡e!

N. whkvBq cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Ck¦‡ii cwiÎv‡Yi cwiKíbvi wZbwU me‡P‡q civµgx êwkó¨:

1. gkxn Avm‡Qb

2. Kó‡fvMx `vm wnmv‡e gkxn

3. gkx‡ni wek¦Rbxb ivRZ¡

X. Uvg©/kã¸”Q Ges mswÿßfv‡e e¨w³ wPwýZKiY:


1. ÒAvKvk gÐj, kÖeY Ki; c„w_ex KY©cvZ KiÓ, 1:2 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. Òkmv‡ÿ‡Îi Kuy‡o N‡ii gZ......Ó 1:8 (NIV, ÒZigyR †ÿ‡Îi Kz‡uo N‡ii gZÓ)

3. Ò‡Zvgv‡ì ewj`vb evû‡j¨ Avgvi cÖ‡qvRb wK?....,Ó 1:10-15 (NIV, Ò†Zvgvi ewj`v‡bi evû‡j¨Ó)

4. ÒAvm Avgiv DËi cÖZy¨Ëi Kwi....Ó, 1:18 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. Ò†kl Kv‡j...Ó, 2:2 (NASB Ges NIV)

6. ÒmKj RvwZi †jvK G‡Z cÖevwnZ n‡e.....Ó, 2:2-4 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. Òb_Ó, 3:21 (NASB Ges NIV)

8. ÒGKwU †glÓ, 4:5 (NASB Ges NIV

9. Ò‡K Avgv‡ì c‡ÿ hvB‡e?Ó, 6:8 (NASB Ges NIV)

10. ÒGK KzgvixÓ, 7:14 (NIV, ÒAweevwnZÓ)

11. Ò‡mB mg‡q hvnv g›` Zvnv Zvnv AMÖvn¨ Kievi Ges hvnv fvj Zvnv g‡bvbxZ Kwievi ÁvbÓ, 7:15,16 (NASB Ges NIV)

12. ÒwZwb weNœRbK cÖ Íi I evavRbK cvlvY nB‡ebÓ, 8:14 (28:16) (NASB Ges NIV)

13. Òf~Zwoqv I ¸wYb‡ì wbK‡U hvnviv weo weo I wdm wdm Kwiqv e‡KÓ, 8:19 (NASB Ges NIV)

14. ÒAk~i, †m Avgvi †µv‡ai `ÛÓ, 10:5 (NASB Ges NIV) 15. Ò‡KejgvÎ Zvnv‡ì AewkóvskB wdwiqv Avwm‡e...Ó, 10:22 (NASB Ges NIV) 16. Òwhk‡qi uwo nB‡Z GK cjøe wbM©Z nB‡ebÓ, 11:1,10 (NIV, Ò...Muywo †_‡KÓ) 17. Ò‡jvgk QvMjÓ, 13:21; 34:14 (NIV, Ògiæf~wgi cÖvYxÓ) 18. ÒmgvMg ce©‡Z DËi w`‡Ki cÖv‡šÍÓ, 14:13 (NIV, ÒmgvMg ce©Z, cweÎ ce©‡Zi m‡e©v”P P~ovÓ) 19. Òwgki †`‡ki ga¨ ’v‡b m`vcÖfzi D‡Ï‡k¨ GK hÁ‡ew` nB‡eÓ, 19:19 (NIV, Ò..wgk‡ii †K› ª ’‡j)

20. Aix‡qj, 29:1-2,7 (NASB Ges NIV)

21. ÒZvnvw`M‡K wbt‡k‡l webó Kwi‡jbÓ, 34:2 (NIV, Òm¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Zv‡ì asm mvabÓ)

22. Ò‡Zvgvi bvwmKvq KovÓ, 37:29 (NASB Ges NIV)

23. ÒZzwg Z Avgvi mgšÍ cvc †Zvgvi cðv‡Z †dwjqvQÓ, 38:17 (NASB Ges NIV)

24. ÒAvgv‡ì Ck¦‡ii evK¨ wPiKvj _vwK‡eÓ, 40:8 (NASB Ges NIV)

25. ÒwZwbB c„w_exi mxgvP‡µi Dc‡i Dcweó,Ó 40:22 (NIV, Òwhwb c„w_exi P‡µi Dc‡i wmsnvm‡b DcweóÓ)

26. ÒAvwg m`vcÖfz Avw`, Ges †mB Avwg †klKvjxbÓ, 41:4; 44:6 (NASB Ges NIV)

27. ÒAvwg †Zvgvi cvc ¯§i‡Y Avwbe bvÓ, 43:25 (NASB Ges NIV)

28. ÒAvwg wfbœ Avi †Kvb Ck¦i wK Av‡Q? Ab¨ ˆkj bvBÓ, 44:8; 45:5 (NIV, ÒAvwg Qvov Avi wK †Kvb Ck¦i Av‡Q? bv, Avi †Kvb

ˆkj bvB; Avwg Zv‡ì Rvwb bvÓ)

29. Ò`xwßi iPbvKvix I AÜKv‡ii m„wóKZ©v, Avwg kvwšÍi iPbvKvix I Awb‡ôi m„wóKZ©vÓ, 45:7 (NIV, ÒAvwg Av‡jv ˆZix K‡iwQ I

AÜKvi m„wó K‡iwQ, Avwg mg„w× G‡bwQ I asm m„wó K‡iwQÓ)

30. ÒAvgvi cÖwZ `„wó Kwiqv cwiÎvY cÖvß nI, †n c„w_exi cÖvšÍ mKj....Ó, 45:22 (NASB Ges NIV)

31. Òe ‘yZt Avgvi Kv‡Q cÖ‡Z¨K nuvUz cvwZZ nB‡e, cÖ‡Z¨K wRnŸv kc_ Kwi‡eÓ, 45:23 (NASB Ges NIV)

32. ÒAvwg Avcbvi Aby‡iv‡a, †Kej AvcbviB Aby‡iv‡a Kvh© Kwie...Ó, 48:11 (NASB Ges NIV)

33. Ò ¿x‡jvK wK Avcb Íb¨cvqx wkï‡K fzwjqv hvB‡Z cv‡i....eis Zvnviv fzwjqv hvB‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ Avwg †Zvgv‡K fzwjqv hvBe bvÓ,

49:15 (NASB Ges NIV)

34. ÒZvnvi †µv‡ai ‡cqvjvÓ, 51:17 (NIV, ÒZuvi †µv‡ai †cqvjvÓ)

35. ÒCk¦i KZ…©K cÖnvwiZ, I `ytLvZ©....Ó, 53:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

36. Ò...Zuvnv‡K P~Y© Kwi‡Z m`vcÖfziB g‡bvi_ wQj, wZwb Zuvnv‡K hvZbvMÖ Í Kwi‡jbÓ, 53:10 (NIV, ÒZ_vwc GUv wQj m`vcÖfzi B”Qv

Zuv‡K P~Y© Kiv I Zuvi K‡ói KviY nIqvÓ)

192

Ò‡Kbbv m`vcÖfzB †Zvgvi wPi‡R¨vwZ nB‡ebÓ, 60:19-20 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. e¨w³

1. ÒB ªv‡q‡ji cweÎZg: 1:4; 41:8-9; 42:1,19; 43:10

2. Òwm‡qvb Kb¨vÓ 1:8

3. ÒevwnwbM‡Yi m`vcÖfzÓ 1:9 (NIV, Òme©kw³gvb m`vcÖfzÓ)

4. Òm`vcÖfzi cjøeÓ 4:2

5. †mivwdg 6:2 (NIV, ÒmivdÓ)

6. †kwqi-hvmn~e 7:3

7. B¤§vb~‡qj 7:14

8. gv‡ni-kvjvi-nvm-em 8:3

9. Òme©kw³gvbÓ (El Shaddai) 13:6

10. Ò†n cÖfvwZ Zviv, Dlv b›`bÓ 14:12

11. Òc~e© †`k †_‡K GKRbÓ 41:2,25 (44:28; 45:1)

12. ÒAvgvi `vmÓ 41:8,9; 42:1,19; 43:10; 52:13

13. †ej...b‡ev 46:1

14. cÖnix 52:8

15. bcysmK 56:3

XI. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb

1. Zkx©k 2:16 (NIV, ÒevwYR¨ RvnvRÓ)

2. Bd«wqg †Mvwô 7:2

3. wm‡qvb ce©Z 8:18

4. me~j~b †Mvwô 9:1

5. Mvjxjx 9:1

6. KK©gxk 10:9

7. †mjv 16:1; 42:11

8. ‡mvqvb 19:13

9. ‡ggdxm 19:13

10. ‡b‡Mf 21:1 (NIV, “NEGEV”)

11. ‡Ugv 21:14

12. ‡mvi 23:1

13. wm‡`vb 23:2

14. Aivev 35:1 (NIV, ÒcÖvšÍiÓ)

15. Kwg©j ce©Z 35:2

16. kv‡ivY 35:2

17. AiviU 37:38

18. Z~ej 66:19

19. Rvfvb 66:19 (NIV, Greece)


1. ‡Kb Ck¦i Zuvi †jvK‡ì wePv‡ii ìev‡i G‡b‡Qb? Zviv wK K‡i‡Q? (1 Aa¨vq)

2. Ck¦i wK ewj`v‡bi weiæ‡×? (1:10-15)

3. e¨vL¨v Kiæb 5:1-7 c` †Kb GZ kw³kvjx I MwZkxj?

4. 6 Aa¨vq ch©šÍ whkvB‡qi Avnevb †Kb wjwce× nqwb?

5. whkvBq †Kb 7:14 c‡` wneªæ Uvg© ÒKzgvixÓ eënvi K‡ib bvB?

193

6. 7-12 Aa¨v‡qi RvqMv¸wji ZvwjKv Kiæb †hLv‡b GKwU wkï eëüZ n‡q‡Q byZb hyM eY©bvq|

7. 9:8-9 c‡` eëüZ DË‡ii †Mvwô¸wji wZbwU Dcvwa e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

8. 13 Aa¨v‡q †Kb evwe‡ji cZ‡bi K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q hLb Aïwiqv hvi wel‡q whkvBq 10 Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb?

9. whkvBq 14 Ges whwn‡¯‹j 28 Aa¨vq wKfv‡e kqZv‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

10. 36-39 Aa¨v‡qi HwZnvwmK Ae ’vb e¨vL¨v Kiæb

11. 40:1-2 c` wK Bw½Z w`‡”Q †h Ck¦‡ii †jv‡Kiv wbe©vm‡b? hw` ZvB nq, Zvn‡j GwU wKfv‡e ‡jL‡Ki mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

12. 42:1 c‡ì `vm wKfv‡e hxïi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wKš‘ 19 c‡ì mv‡_ bq?

13. 52:13-53:12 c` wKfv‡e hxïi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? B ªv‡q‡ji mv‡_?

14. 56-66 Aa¨v‡qi †fŠMwjK Ae ’vb wK?

194

195

196

whiwgq cy Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO JEREMIAH)

I. eBwUi bvg

K. fveev`xi bvgvbymv‡i eBwUi bvgKiY n‡q‡Q...

L. Zvi bv‡gi A_©: 1. ÒYHWH Gi me‡j wb‡ÿcÓ 2. ÒYHWH cÖwZôvÓ

II. K¨vbb KiY

K. GwU wQj wneªæ K¨vb‡bi Òfveev`xÓ wefv‡Mi Ask|

L. rabbinical mvwn‡Z¨ Zv‡K me mgqB we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q fveev`xi g‡a¨ cÖ_g e‡j (gw_ 27:9)|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GB eBwU †ek K‡qKwU mvwnZ¨ ixwZ Øviv iwPZ n‡q‡Q:

1. D”PZi wneªæ KweZv (whiwg‡qi ˆèevbxmg~n)

2. wneªæ M`¨ (third person G eviæL Øviv wjwLZ)

3. whiwg‡qi Dc‡`‡ki mvivsk cÖvqB wjwLZ n‡q‡Q M‡`¨ (GwUI eviæL Øviv)

4. Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ AvZ¥Rxewbg~jK Awf‡hvM M`¨vKv‡i (whiwg‡qi ¯xKv‡ivw³)

L. ¯úóZ whiwgq‡Z AšÍ©f~³ n‡q‡Q †gŠwLK I wjwLZ Dfq fveevYx| GQvovI 36 Aa¨vq †_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi †h wKQz wKQz Aek¨B

cybivq ejv n‡q‡Q/cybivq Abywjwc Kiv n‡q‡Q|

IV. iPwqZv

K. GUv ¯úó †h whiwgq 52 Aa¨vq †j‡Lb bvB KviY 31-34 c` †h NUbv¸wj wjcwe× K‡i‡Q †m¸wj N‡U‡Q evwe‡j| whwgq‡K †Rvi K‡i

wgk‡i wb‡q hvIqv n‡qwQj evwewjq kvmbKZ©v M`wj‡qi g„Zzï c‡i wek¦vmNvZK whn~`x mvgwiK `j Øviv|

L. m¤¢vf¨ †jLK/m¤úv`K:

1. whiwgq

2. eviæL Ñ Zvi †jLK

3. cieZx©Kv‡ji m¤úv`K (Blªv ev gnv mgvRN‡ii †jvK)

M. Ab¨vb¨ fveev`x A‡cÿv Avgiv whiwgq m¤ú‡K© †ewk Rvwb:

1. Aweqv_i hvR‡Ki(wbe©vm‡bi mgq) eskaaviv †_‡K, 1 ivRv 2:26-27 c`|

2. whiƒkv‡j‡gi wbKUeZx© Abv‡_v‡Z eo n‡q‡Qb|

3. hyeK eq‡m Ck¦i Øviv Avnevb jvf K‡ib, 1:2; 25:3 (Lªxó c~e© 627)|

4. †nv‡kq I wØZxq weei‡Yi KvR Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Qb|

5. hviv Zvi mgKvjxb Zviv n‡jb:

K. `vwb‡q‡j N. mdwbq

L. whwn‡¯‹j O. bn~g

M. neKK~K

6. Zvi Avnev‡bi cuvP eQi c‡i †hvwk‡qi ms¯‹v‡ii mg‡q gw›`‡i Òeë ’v cy ÍKÓ cvIqv hvq| GUv we®§qKi †h Zv‡ì m¤úK©

KLbB kv‡ ¿ D‡jøL Kiv nqwb| hLY eë ’v cy ÍK cvIqv hvq ZLb ivRv nvj`v bv‡g (2 ivRv 22:14-20) GKRb fveev`xwbi

mv‡_ civgk© K‡iwQ‡jb whiwg‡qi mv‡_ bq|

7. Zvi AbyfzwZ ¯úóiƒ‡c †`Lv wM‡q‡Q Zvi ¯xKv‡ivw³‡Z ev Awf‡hv‡M:

197

K. 11:18-12:6

L. 15:10-21

M. 17:14-18

N. 18:18-23

O. 20:7-18

8. Zv‡K †Rvi K‡i wgk‡i wb‡q hvIqv n‡qwQj, †mLv‡b wZwb whn~`x kiYv_x©‡ì Øviv wbnZ n‡qwQ‡jb, 43:6 c`|

V. ZvwiL

K. 640 Lªxó c~‡e© w`‡K whiwgq Abv‡_v‡Z Rb¥ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|

L. whiwgq eB‡qi ZvwiL 1:2 c‡` Ges †h mgqKvj GwU Kfvi K‡i‡Q Zvnj †hvwk‡qi Î‡qv`k eQi †_‡K M`wj‡qi mgq ch©šÍ, Lªxó c~e©

627 Ñ 582 Aã| whiwgq KZ w`b wgk‡i kiYv_x©‡ì mv‡_ Rxeb hvcb K‡iwQ‡jb Zv AwbwðZ|

M. jLbx‡m cvIqv ostrica eY©bv Ki‡Q GwU 587 Lªxó c~‡e© Ae‡iva Kiv n‡qwQj| Gi wneªæ †U‡·Ui iƒc whiwg‡qi mv‡_ Zzjbxq|

N. whiwg‡qi evZ©vi jÿ¨ wQj kgwiqvi cZb (Lªxó c~e© 722) †_‡K whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZb ( Lªxó c~e© 586) ch©šÍ|


K. Lªxó c~e© 686 Ñ gYwk (Lªxó c~e© 686-641) whn~`vi ivRv nb| wZwb wQ‡jb whn~`vi me‡P‡q yóz ivRv|

L. Lªxó c~e© 664 Ñ wgkwiq mv¤ªvR¨ Psammetichus Aax‡b mejZv AR©b K‡iwQj (Lªxó c~e© 664-610)|

M. Lªxó c~e© 684 Ñ †hvwk‡qi Rb¥|

N. Lªxó c~e© 642 Ñ whn~`vi ivRv Av‡gvb Zvi `v‡mi nv‡Z wbnZ nb (2 ivRv 21:19-26)|

O. Lªxó c~e© 640 Ñ ‡kl Kvh©Ki Ak~i kvmK, Ak~ievwbcvj gviv hvb|

P. Lªxó c~e© 640 Ñ 8 eQi eq‡m †hvwkq ivRv nb (2 ivRv 22:1)|

Q. Lªxó c~e© 628 Ñ ‡hvwkq ms¯‹vi KvR ïiæ K‡ib (2 esk 34:3 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 2 ivRv 23)|

R. Lªxó c~e© 626 Ñ whiwg‡qi Avnevb (whi 1:2)|

S. Lªxó c~e© 626 Ñ b‡evc‡jli (Lªxó c~e© 626-605) be¨ evwe‡ji ivRv nb|

T. Lªxó c~e© 621 Ñ gw›ì ms¯‹v‡i hviv KvR KiwQj Zviv eë ’v cy ÍK Luy‡R cvq (2 esk 34:8 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 2 ivRv 22)|

U. Lªxó c~e© 614 Ñ be¨ evwe‡ji Kv‡Q Aïwiqvi AvÂwjK ivRavbx Ak~‡ii cZb N‡U|

V. Lªxó c~e© 612 Ñ be¨ evwewjq Ges gv`xq‡ì Øviv Ak~wiqvi cÖavb ivRavbx wbbex asm cÖvß nq|

W. Lªxó c~e© 609 Ñ 2q d‡iŠY b‡Lvi we‡ivwaZv K‡i gvwM‡Ïv‡Z †hvwkq wbnZ nb (Lªxó c~e© 610-594) whwb †Póv KiwQ‡jb cjvqbiZ

Avïwiq ˆmbëvwnwbi Aewkóvsk‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z (2 esk 35:20-24; 2 ivRv 23:28-30)|

- †hvwkqi cyÎ 2q wh‡nvqvnm (Lªxó c~e© 609), Zv‡K Zvi wcZvi ’‡j ivRv Kiv nq wKš‘ †KejgvÎ wZb gv‡mi Rb¨| d‡iŠY

b‡Lv Zv‡K wgk‡i wbe©vwmZ K‡ib|

- wh‡nvqvKxg(Lªxó c~e© 609-598) d‡jŠY b‡Lvi Øviv whn~`vi wmsnvm‡b AwawôZ nb| wZwb Lªxó c~e© 605 A‡ã 2q

beyL`wbrmi Øviv msnvmb P yZ nb| c‡i wZwb we‡ ªvn K‡ib Ges wgk‡ii mv‡_ mvgwiK HK¨ MVb K‡ib| Zvi cyÎ

wh‡nvqvKxb wZb gv‡mi Rb¨ Zvi DËim~ix nb Ges beyL`wbrmi Øviv wmsnvmbP yZ nb Ges Zvi ’‡j wmw`wKq Lªxó c~e©

597 A‡ã ivRv nb|

X. Lªxó c~e© 605 Ñ be¨ evwej KK©gx‡k wkkwiq I Ak~ixq †mbvevwnwbi Aewkóvsk‡K civwRZ K‡i|

Y. Lªxó c~e© 605 Ñ 2q beyL`wbrmi c¨v‡jóvB‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q Mgb K‡i Ki `vex K‡ib (`vwb‡qj‡K wb‡q hvb Ges cÖ_g wbe©vmb|)

whiƒkv‡jg I whn~`v‡K PviwU mvgwiK Awfhvb cÖfvweZ K‡i, Lªxó c~e 605, 597, 586 Ges 582 Aã|

Z. Lªxó c~e© 601 Ñ 2q beyL`wbrmi wgki wbqš¿‡Yi hy‡× civwRZ nb (AwggvswmZ)|

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. eBwUi KvVv‡gv welqwfwËK ev fve wfwËK, Z‡e KvjvbyµwgK bq| m¤¢eZ GwU whiwg‡qi †ek wKQz wfbœ wfbœ ¸Uv‡bv cy ÍK/evZ©vi msMÖn,

1-25, 30-33 Ges 46-51 Aa¨vq|

198

L. LXX Ges MT Gi g‡a¨ e¨vcK wfbœZv| cÖvq MT Gi 300 kã LXX G cvIqv hvq bv| GQvovI 46-51 Aa¨v‡qi g‡a¨ RvwZ‡ì

avivevwnKZvI wfbœ wfbœ, †mB mv‡_ 25 Aa¨v‡qi c‡i eB‡Z Zv‡ì Ae ’vbI wfbœ| Dfq MSS HwZn¨ giæ mvM‡ii cyuw_‡ZI cvIqv

hvq|

M. cixÿv g~jK iƒc‡iLv (g~jZ Harrison I Young †K Abymib K‡i):

1. 1 Aa¨vq Ñ whiwg‡qi Avnevb Ges e‡›`ve Í|

2. 2-25 Aa¨vq Ñ whiwg‡qi cwiPh© vi cÖv_wgK ermi¸wj‡Z whn~`vi cvc|

3. 26-29; 34-35 Aa¨vq Ñ fveev`xi e¨w³MZ Rxeb|

K. wmw`wK‡qi cÖwZ YHWH Gi evZ©v Ges nbwb‡qi cÖwZwµqv, 26-29 Aa¨vq|

L. †iLexqMY, 34-35 Aa¨vq

M. wh‡nvKx‡gi ivRZ¡Kv‡ji HwZnvwmK NUbvmg~n Ñ wmw`wKq, I M`wjq I wgki, 36-45 Aa¨vq|

4. 30-33 Aa¨vq Ñ Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì cybiæ×v‡ii cÖwZÁv:

K. ˆ`wnK

L. AvwZ¥K

5. 46Ñ51 Aa¨vq Ñ Pvwiw`‡Ki RvwZM‡Yi weiæ‡× fveevYx (GQvovI 25:12-38):

K. wgki Ñ 46 (whkv 19; whwn 29-32)

L. c‡jwóqv Ñ 47 (Av‡gvl 1:6-8; whkv 14:29-32; whwn 25:15-17)

M. †gvqve Ñ 48 (Av‡gvl 2:1-3; whkv 15-16; whwn 25:8-11)

N. A‡¤§vb Ñ 49:1-6 (Av‡gvl 1:13-15; whwn 25:1-7)

O. B‡`vg Ñ 49:7-22 (Av‡gvl 1:11-12; whkv 21:11-12; whwn 25:12-14; Iew`q)

P. wmwiqv Ñ 49:23-27 (Av‡gvl 1:3-5; whkv 17:1-3)

Q. Avie Ñ 49:28-33

R. Gjxg Ñ 49:34-38

S. evwej Ñ 50-51 (whkv 13:1-14; neK 2:6-17)

6. 52 Aa¨vq Ñ whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZb (2 ivRv 24:18-25:30)

N. GUv D‡jøL Kiv †ek †KŠZzn‡ji †h 1-25 Aa¨v‡q whiwg‡qi evZ©v GB kã¸”Q Øviv cwiwPZ Kiv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h Ò YHWH Gi evK¨

Avgvi Kv‡Q G‡m‡QÓ hLb 26-51 Aa¨vq cwiwPZ Kwi‡q‡Q GB kã¸”Q w`‡q Ò YHWH Gi evK¨ whiwg‡qi Kv‡Q G‡m‡Q|Ó

O. ivRZ¡Kvix ivRvi mg‡q whiwg‡qi fveevYxi wPÎ:

E. J. Young: R. K. Harrison: 1. †hvwkqi Aax‡b (Lªxó c~e© 640 Ñ)

1:1-19; 2:1-3:5; 3:6-6:30; 1:1-19; 2:1-3:5; 3:6-6:30;

7:1-10:25; 11:1-13:27; 7:1-10:25; 18:1-20:18

14:1-15:21; 16:1-17:27; 18:1-20:18

2. wh‡nvqvn‡mi Aaxb (Lªxó c~e© 609)

3. wh‡nvqvKx‡gi Aaxb (Lªxó c~e© 609)

25; 26; 27; 35; 36; 45 11:1-13:14; 14:1-15:21; 16:1-17:27;

46-49 22; 23; 25; 26; 35; 36; 45; 46-48

4. wh‡nvqvKx‡bi Aax‡b (Lªxó c~e© 598-596) 31:15-27

5. wmw`wKq (Lªxó c~e© 597)

21:1-22:30; 23; 24; 27 21:1-22:30; 24:1-10; 27; 28; 29;

28; 29; 30-31; 32; 34; 30-31; 32; 33; 34; 37; 38; 39; 49;

37; 38; 39 50:1-51:64

6. M`wj‡qi Aax‡b

40; 41; 42; 43-44:30; 40:1-42:22; 43:1-44:30

50-52

199

7. HwZnvwmK cwiwkó

52:1-34

VIII. cÖavb fve

K. wePv‡ii mgq GLb KviY whn~`v gb cwieZ©b K‡i bvB! whiwgq †Rvi w`‡q‡Qb cvc, `Û I cybiæ×v‡i; 1:4-10 c`|

L. Ck¦‡ii Dc‡i e¨w³MZ wek¦vm Qvov ag©vbyôv‡bi wewa A_ev AvbyôvwbK ag© nj GK wewfwlKv! (7 Aa¨vq; whkv 29:13)|

M. whn~`v nZvkvRbK fv‡e ag© Abyôvb, †cŠËwjKZv I cv‡c wb‡Ri cZ nvwi‡q‡Q! †m Ck¦‡ii wbqg †f‡½‡Q, hv weevn Pzw³i Øviv

cÖwZwKK…Z (2:1-3:5)|

N. e¨w³MZ gb cwieZ©b I wek¦vm nj Ck¦‡ii byZb wbq‡gi wfwË (31:31-34) cvwievwiK wek¦vm bq (31:29; whwn 18)|

O. b~Zb Pzw³ ev wbqg ’vqx (31:35-37) KviY GwU gvby‡li †Kvb Kv‡Ri Dc‡i wbf©i K‡i bq eis Ck¦‡ii AbyMÖn Ges civµ‡gi Dc‡i

(whwn 36:26-27)|

IX. Uvg© Ges/A_ev kã¸”Q Ges mswÿßfv‡e e¨w³ wPwýZKiY (NASB)


1. fveev`x, 1:5 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. AvgÛ MvQ, 1:11 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. DËi w`K, 1:13 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. †Zvgvi KwUeÜb Ki, 1:17 (NIV, Òwb‡R‡K cÖ ‘Z KiÓ)

5. weevn we‡”Q‡ì Z¨vMcÎ, 3:8 (NIV, Òweevn we‡”Q‡ì cÎÓ)

6. Òü`‡qi Z¡K `~i Kwiqv †dj,Ó 4:4 (NIV, Òü`‡qi Z¡K‡Q`Ó)

7. ÒAvKvk gÐj, kÖeY Ki; c„w_ex KY©cvZ KiÓ, 1:2 (NASB Ges NIV)

8. ÒwMwjq‡ì gjg,Ó 8:22 (NASB Ges NIV)

9. Ò‡Kk‡KvY gyÛb Kwiqv‡Q,Ó 9:26 (NIV, Ò`yieZx© ’v‡bÓ)

10. Ò‡Zgb RxešÍ m`vcÖfzi,Ó 12:16 (NASB Ges NIV)

11. Òga¨vý Kv‡j webvkK,Ó 15:8 (NIV, Ò`ycy‡i Avwg GKRb webvkK‡K Avb‡evÓ)

12. ÒmKj ¯Mx©q evwnwb,Ó 19:13 (NIV, ÒmKj ZviKvgq evwnwbÓ)

13. m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c asm, 25:9 (NIV, Òwbt‡k‡l webóÓ)

14. Òm`vcÖfzi M„‡ni cvÎ mKj,Ó 27:16 (NIV, ÒwRwbmcÎ...Ó)

15. Òhv‡Kv‡ei msKUKvj,Ó 30:7 (NIV, Òhv‡Kv‡ei Rb¨ mgm¨vi mg‡qÓ)

16. b~Zb Pzw³, 31:31 (NASB Ges NIV) 17. ÒZvnviv †Mverm‡K `yB LÛ Kwiqv Zb¥a¨ w`qv Mgb Kwiqv‡Q,Ó 34:18 (NIV, Ò‡Mverm‡K Zviv `yB LÛ K‡i Zvi gvSLvb w`‡q

nuvU‡ZvÓ)

L. e¨w³

1. †hvwkq, 1:2,3 9. †iLexq, 35:1 (NIV, Ò‡iLexq †Mvwô‡ZÓ)

2. wh‡nvqvKxg, 1:3 10. G‡e`-‡gjK, 38:7

3. evj, 2:8 11. M`wjq, 39:14 Ges 40-41

4. gbwk, 15:4 12. d‡iŠY b‡Lv, 46:2 (NIV, Òb‡KvÓ)

5. beyL`wbrmi, 21:2,7 13. †K‡gvk, 48:7,13,46

6. nbvbxq, 28:1 14. †eb-n``, 49:27

7. eviæL, 32:12,13,16 15. †ej, 50:2; 51:44

8. †gvjK, 32:35 16. gvi`K, 50:2


200

1. Abv‡_vZ, 1:1 9. wgmcv, 40:6

2. wKwÆg 10. wMwe‡qvb, 41:12

3. †ggwdm 11. †e_‡jng, 41:17

4. wk‡jv, 7:12 12. KK©gxm, 46:2

5. wn‡bœv‡gi cyÎ‡ì DcZ¨Kv, 7:31 13. †e‡_j, 48:13

6. m‡`vg I N‡gviv, 23:14 14. nv‡mvi, 49:28

7. †mvi, 25:22 15. Gjxg, 49:34

8. jvLxm, 34:7


1. ‡Kb whiwgq cy ÍK iƒc‡iLv Kiv KwVb?

2. whiwgq KZw`b cÖPvi K‡iwQ‡jb?

3. 1:11-16 c‡ì `ywU `k©b e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

4. 2 Aa¨vq †Kb GKwU AvBbMZ gvgjv e‡j Dc ’vwcZ n‡q‡Q? (4-8, 9, 29)

5. †Kb GB Aa¨vq¸wj weevn we‡”Q‡ì gvgjv e‡j Dc ’vcwZ n‡q‡Q?

6. 4:1-2 c‡` gb cwieZ©‡bi Ck¦i AvKvswLZ PviwU Ae ’v †`Lvb|

7. wKfv‡e 7 Ges 26 Aa¨vq m¤úwK©Z?

8. 7 Aa¨v‡q whiwgq wKfv‡e Drm‡M©i c×wZ‡K Awfhy³ K‡i‡Qb?

9. †Kb whiwg‡qi wb‡Ri kn‡ii †jv‡Kiv Zv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z †Póv KiwQj? (11-12 Aa¨vq)

10. 12:14-17 Ges 16:19-21 c` wKfv‡e GZ Zvrch©c~Y©?

11. e¨vL¨v Kiæb †h wKfv‡e mg‡eZ I e¨w³MZ cvc 16:10-13 c‡` m¤úwK©Z|

12. wKfv‡e 17:10 c` MvjvZxq 6:7 c‡ì mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

13. eY©bv Kiæb wKfv‡e wfbœ wfbœ Dcvq whiwgq gvwUi cv‡Îi iƒcK eënvi K‡i‡Qb 18 Ges 19 Aa¨v‡q ?

201

202

203

wejvc cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO LAMENTATIONS)

I. eBwUi bvg

K. wneªæ†Z (MT) wk‡ivbvg nj eBwUi cÖ_g kã †hwU nj Ònvq wKfv‡eÓ ['echah] (1:1, 2:1, 4:1)| GwU GKwU cÖPwjZ Uvg© †hwU

eëüZ nq mgvwa Abyôv‡b|

L. ‡mÞzqvwR‡›U (LXX) Gi wk‡ivbvg wQj Òwejvc KivÓ †h MÖxK g~j kã †_‡K G‡m‡Q Zvi A_© Ò‡Rv‡i µ›`b Kiv|Ó

M. Zvjgy` G‡K ej‡Q ÒAvZ©bv`|Ó

N. Vulgate Gi wk‡ivbvg w`‡q‡Q ÒG‡Z AšÍ©f~³ K‡i‡Q fveev`x whiwg‡qi AvZ©bv`|Ó

II. K¨vbb KiY

K. GwU wneªæ K¨vb‡bi †jLwb wefv‡Mi we‡klvwqZ eB‡qi ZvwjKvi AšÍM©Z hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Megilloth (cvuPwU ¸Uv‡bv cy ÍK)| cÖwZwU

evrmwiK Drm‡ei w`‡b cvV Kiv n‡Zv: 1. cigMxZ Ñ wb Ívic‡e© 2. iæZ Ñ cÂvkËgx‡Z 3. Dc‡`kK Ñ KzwU‡ivrme c‡e© 4. B‡ói Ñ cyixg 5. wejvc Ñ whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZb I k‡jvg‡bi gw›ì as‡m

L. wneªæ K¨vb‡bi †jLwb wefvM cigMxZ †i‡L‡Q MxZmswnZv, wn‡Zvc‡`k I B‡qve cy Í‡Ki c‡i wKš‘ iæZ, wejvc, Dc‡`kK Ges

B‡ó‡ii Av‡M| BsivRx evB‡ej LXX G eB¸wji †hgb mvRvb †ZgbB AbymiY K‡i‡Q|

M. Lªxó c~e© 586 A‡ã 2q beyL`wbrm‡ii ‰mbëvwnwb Øviv k‡jvg‡bi gw›ì as‡mi ¯§i‡Y Ab gv‡mi 9 ZvwiL (ga¨ RyjvB) wejvc

cy ÍKwU cvV Kiv nq| cieZx©‡Z whn~`x a‡g© 70 m‡b †ivgxq †mbvcwZ UvBUv‡mi Øviv whiƒkv‡jg cZ‡bi welqwUI Gi mv‡_ ¯§iYxq

Kiv nq|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. cÖwZ cvPwU Aa¨vq c„_K c„_K wejvc †kvK MxZ| cÖvPxb wbKU cÖv‡Pï, Sumer Gi mgqKv‡ji mvwn‡Z¨ GB ai‡Yi KweZv cÖPwjZ

wQj| B ªv‡qjxqiv eZ©gvb Ae ’vi Rb¨ `ytL Ki‡Zv wKš‘ fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ Avkv ivL‡Zv|

L. ¯úóZ whiwgq‡Z AšÍ©f~³ n‡q‡Q †gŠwLK I wjwLZ Dfq fveevYx| GQvovI 36 Aa¨vq †_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi †h wKQz wKQz Aek¨B

cybivq ejv n‡q‡Q/cybivq Abywjwc Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g PviwU KweZv nj acrostics| cÖwZwU jvBb ïiæ n‡Zv wneªæ eY©gvjvi cieZx© eY©

w`‡q| GUv n‡Z cv‡i †h m¤ú~Y© `ytL cÖKv‡ki GwU GKwU cÖwZwK Dcvq|

M. wneªæ KweZvi wfwË wPšÍvi mgvšÍivjev`, Q›` bq|

1. jvBb, kã bq, nj mvwn‡Zï PvweKvwV|

2. mgvšÍivjev` wQj mvaviYZ `ywU ev wZbwU jvB‡b|

K. GKB iK‡gi mgvšÍivjev` ÑÑ jvBb¸wj GKB wPšÍv cÖKvk Ki‡Zv wfbœ wfbœ kã Øviv|

(1) MxZ 3:1; 8:40; 83:14; 103:3

(2) wn‡Zv 20:1

(3) wejvc 1:2,3

(4) whkvBq 1:3

(5) Av‡gvl 5:24

L. wecixZ mgvšÍivjev` ÑÑ jvBb¸wj wecixZ wPšÍv cÖKvk Ki‡Zv †h †Kvb wel‡q BwZevPK I †bwZevPK Zzjbv ev mivmwi

gšÍe¨ eënv‡ii Øviv|

204

(1) MxZ 1:6; 90:6

(2) wn‡Zvc‡`k 1:29; 10:1, 12; 15:1; 19:4

M. synthetic mgvšÍivjev` ÑÑ jvBb¸wj wPšÍv‡K cÖmvwiZ K‡i

(1) MxZ 1:1-2; 19:7-9

(2) wejvc 1:4

IV. iPwqZv

K. eBwU wb‡R †Kvb ‡jL‡Ki bvg e‡jwb| GUv ¯úó †h GwU whwb wj‡L‡Qb wZwb Lªxó c~e© 586 A‡ã whiƒkv‡j‡gi Ae‡iva I cZ‡bi

GKRb cÖZ¨ÿ`kx© wQ‡jb|

L. Baba Bathra 15

K

Ges whi 1:1 c‡ì Targum whiwg‡qi Dc‡i †jLKZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q|

M. †mÞzqvwR›U eBwUi f~wgKv Gfv‡e K‡i‡Q ÒAvi B ªv‡qj ew›`‡Z¡ hvBevi c‡i, whiƒkv‡jg cwiZ¨³ cwoqv iwnj, †h whiwgq e‡m e‡m

Kuv`‡jb Ges GB whiƒkv‡j‡gi wel‡q GB wejvc Muv_v iPbv Ki‡jb Avi ej‡jb..|Ó whiwg‡qi cy Í‡Ki c‡iB eBwU‡K †i‡L‡Q|

N. Vulgate eBwUi f~gKv wj‡L‡Q, ÒGwU whiwgq fveev`xi wejv‡ci AšÍ©MZ|Ó

O. Peshitta (5g kZ‡Ki wmwiq Abyev`) eBwUi wk‡ivbvg K‡i‡Q Òfveev`x whiwg‡qi wejvc cy ÍK|Ó

P. ‡jLK‡Z¡i cÖgvb:

1. whiwg‡qi c‡ÿ:

K. g‡b Kiv nq whiwgq eBwU wj‡L‡Qb KviY 2 esk 35:25 c`| wKš‘ jÿ¨ Kiæb GwU D‡jøL Ki‡Q †hvwk‡qi Rb¨ wejvc,

whiƒkv‡j‡gi Rb¨ bq|

L. whiwg‡qi A‡bK c¨v‡mR Zvi mg‡qi Ae ’vi welq `ytL Kivi K_v e‡j, 7:29; 8:21; 9:1,10,20 (wejvc 3:48-51)|

M. fvlvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|

N. 3:1 c‡ì ÒAvwgÓ whiwgq‡K D‡jøL Ki‡Q|

O. †jLK ¯úóZ wQ‡jb GKRb whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZ‡bi Pvÿzm cÖZ¨ÿ`kx©|

2. whiwg‡qi wec‡ÿ:

K. whiwgq ej‡Qb Ck¦i evwej‡K cvwV‡q‡Qb wePvi Ki‡Z wKš‘ 3:59-66 c` g‡b nq wfbœ|

L. whiwgq ej‡Z cv‡ib bv †h fveevYxi evZ©v eÜ n‡q‡Q, 2:9

M

|

M. whiwgq wgki †_‡K mvnv‡hï IKvjwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, 4:17 c`|

N. whiwgq wmw`wKq‡K Avkv w`‡Z cv‡i bv, 4:20 c`|

O. acrostic KweZv D”PZi KvVv‡gvK…Z †hwU whiwg‡qi ¯vfvweK c×wZ †_‡K G‡Kev‡i wfbœ|

P. cÖwZ 5wU KweZvi KvVv‡gvK…Z c×wZI wfbœ| †Kvb †KvbwUi `xN© jvBb, †KvbwUi mswÿß| jvB‡bi msL¨v †h¸wj GKB eY©

w`‡q ïiæ Zv wfbœ wfbœ| KweZv †_‡K KweZvq iƒcK cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| GB mKj c‡q›U †`Lvq GKR‡bi †P‡q †ewk †jLK|

V/VI. ZvwiL/HwZnvwmK Ae¯’vb

K. Lªxó c~e© 586 A‡ã evwe‡ji ˆmbëvwnwb Øviv whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZb nj HwZnvwmK Ae ’vb|

L. HwZnvwmK Ae ’v‡bi Rb¨ cvV Kiæb 2q ivRv 25:8-12 Ges whiwgq 52|

M. †KD †KD †`‡L _v‡Kb GB eBwU whn~`x‡ì mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z hviv whn~`v‡Z i‡q wM‡qwQj Ges evrmwiK fv‡e whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZb ¯§iY

Ki‡Zv, whi 41:4-5|

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. whiƒkv‡jg‡K e¨w³iƒc `vb Kiv n‡q‡Q, ¿x †_‡K `vm‡Z¡, cÖ_g Aa¨vq

L. my‡hvM myweav `vwqZ¡ wb‡q Av‡m, YHWH Gi wbq‡gi †µva, 2q Aa¨vq

205

M. `ytL GKKK…Z, 3q Aa¨vq|

N. my‡hvM myweav `vwqZ¡ wb‡q Av‡m, wbq‡gi †jvK‡ì cvc, 4_© Aa¨vq

O. wbq‡gi Ck¦‡ii wbf©iZv I Avkv, 5g Aa¨vq|

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. GB KweZv¸wj cÖKvk Ki‡Q `ytL Ges nviv‡bvi e¨_v †hwU Ck¦‡ii †jv‡Kiv GLb Abyfe Ki‡Q:

1. whiƒkv‡jg‡K nviv‡bv,

2. gw›`‡ii asm,

3. Gi †gvwki wbqg evwZj| GwU Lye Zxÿè fv‡e AbyfzZ nw”Qj KviY Ck¦i cÖwZÁv K‡iwQ‡jb:

K) 2 kg~‡qj 7:10-16

L) whkv 37:30-35

L. GB KweZv¸wj †Rvi w`‡q‡Q:

(1) Ck¦‡ii mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡,

(2) Ck¦‡ii b¨vq wePv‡i,

(3) Ck¦‡ii wePv‡i,

(4) Ck¦‡ii cyb ’vc‡bi cÖwZÁvi Dc‡i|

M. whn~`v asm cÖvß n‡qwQj KviY †m †gvwki eë ’v f½ K‡iwQj (wØ we 27-28)| evwe‡ji Øviv civRq YHWH Gi `ye©jZv wQj bv, wKš‘

Zuvi †jvK‡ì cvc| YHWH fwel¨‡Z Zuvi kw³i gva¨‡g weRq wb‡q Avm‡eb (3:22-23,25)|

N. Ck¦‡ii cÖwZÁv kZ©mv‡cÿ Ges kZ©nxb DfqB| wbq‡gi aviYv `vex K‡i mwVK mvov cÖ vb|

IX. Uvg© Ges/A_ev kã¸”Q Ges mswÿßfv‡e e¨w³ wPwýZKiY


1. ÒZvnvi mg Í †cÖwgKÓ 1:2, 19 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. Òwhn~`v Kzgvix‡KÓ 1:15 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. ÒZvnvi cv`cxVÓ 2:1 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. ÒcÖfz kÎæer nBqv‡QbÓ 2:5 (NIV, Òm`vcÖfz GKRb kÎæi gZÓ)

5. ÒnvZZvwj †`q...wkk...Zvnv‡ì gv_v bvovqÓ 2:15 (NIV, ÒnvZZvwj...Dcnvm..gv_v bvov‡bvÓ)

6. ÒZuvnvi D‡Ï‡k¨ n Í D‡Ëvjb KiÓ 2:19; 3:41 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. Ò ¿x‡jvK wK Avcb Mf©dj †fvRb Kwi‡eÓ 2:20; 4:10 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. e¨w³

1. ÒAvwg †mB e¨w³Ó 3:1


1. whû`v, 1:3

2. wm‡qvb, 1:4

3. whiƒkv‡jg, 1:7

4. Dl, 4:21


1. wejvc cy Í‡Ki mvwnZ¨ KvVv‡gv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

2. evB‡e‡j GB eBwU wKfv‡e Avgv‡ì Kóv‡fvM I Ø›Ø wb‡q Av‡jvPbvq mvnvh¨ K‡i?

3. eBwU wbe©v‡mbi KviY wnmv‡e wK welqwU e‡j‡Q? (1:5,18)

206

4. wKfv‡e 2:17 c` wØ we 27-28 Aa¨v‡qi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

5. †Kb 3:19-38 c` GZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?

207

208

209

whwn‡¯‹j cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO EZEKIEL)

I. eBwUi bvg

K. eBwUi bvg Gi cÖavb gyLcv‡Îi bv‡g, fveev`x whwn‡¯‹j|

L. Zvi bv‡gi A_© ÒCk¦i mejZv,Ó A_ev ÒCk¦i mej Kiæb|Ó

II. K¨vbb KiY

K. GB eBwUi wneªæ K¨vb‡b M„wnZ n‡Z †ek wKQz mgm¨v wQj: 1. whwn‡¯‹‡ji gw›ì Avi cÖwµqv †gvwk †_‡K Avjv`v| 2. m‡ZR `k©‡bi fvlv, we‡kl K‡i 1,8, Ges 10 Aa¨v‡q|

L. Shammai Gi Rabbinical ¯‹y‡ji Rabbi Hananiah ben Hezekiah, e‡j‡Qb 300 cvÎ †Zj eëüZ n‡q‡Q †gvwki mv‡_

whwn‡¯‹‡ji cybwg©j‡bi (Shabb. 14b; Menahuth 45a; Hagigah 13a)|

M. whn~`x HwZn¨ ej‡Q †h gkx‡ni Av‡M hLb Gwjq wd‡i Avm‡eb, ZLb wZwb †gvwk I whwn‡¯‹‡ji g‡a¨Kvi mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡eb|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GB eB‡qi g‡a¨ A‡bK mvwnZ¨ ixwZ i‡q‡Q:

1. fveevYx (37 Aa¨vq)

2. inm¨ D`NvUbg~jK mvwnZ¨ (1,8-10, 38-39, 40-48 Aa¨vq)

3. KweZv

4. M`¨

5. bvUKxq `„óvšÍ (4-7, 12 Aa¨vq)

6. typology (16 Aa¨vq)

L. wKfv‡e 40-49 Aa¨vq e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e

1. cÖviw¤¢K gšÍe¨

K. 40-48 Aa¨v‡qi mvwnZ¨ cÖm½ cybiæÌv‡bi cÖwZÁv †hfv‡e 33-39 Aa¨v‡q wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|

L. GB wefvM nj GK wek` eschatological gw›`‡ii KvVv‡gvMZ bgybv †hgb hvÎv 25-27 Aa¨vq nj mgvMg Zv¤^yi|

M. mswÿß iƒc‡iLv:

1) 40-46 Aa¨vq Ñ gw›`‡ii cyb ’vcb

2) 44-46 Aa¨vq Ñ ag©vbyôvb cyb ’vcb

3) 47-48 Aa¨vq Ñ f~wg cybweb¨vm

N. GB fveevYx eënvi K‡i‡Q Ck¦i Ges Aeªvnvg I Zvi eskai‡ì g‡a¨Kvi cÖvPxb wbqg wPwÎZ Ki‡Z Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì †kl

Kvjxb cybš’vc‡bi|

O. HwZnvwmK fv‡e GB Aa¨vq¸wj Aek¨B m¤úwK©Z wbe©vmb †_‡K wd‡i Avmvi (43:2)| Z_vwc, GwU †Kvb bv †Kvb fv‡e ¯úó

eschatological KviY GwU wbe©vmb DËi mgqKv‡ji mv‡_ Lvc Lvq bv|

2. wKQz„ m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v:

K. GwU KLbB A_© K‡i bvB AvÿwiK cwic~Y©Zvi;

L. GwU wQj kZ© mv‡cÿ fveevYx hvi Dchy³ mvov cÖ vb whn~`xiv K‡i bvB;

M. miæeŸvwej I wh‡nvk~‡qi Aax‡b wbe©vmb †_‡K wd‡i Avmvi AvswkK cwic~Y©Zv wQj;

N. GwU †n‡iv‡ì gw›`‡ii cwic~Y©Zv wQj;

O. GwU me memgqB A_© K‡i‡Q cÖwZwK (Prophecy Interpreted by John Milton);

P. GwU cwic~Y© n‡e GKwU eschatological gw›`‡i|

3. GB †jLwb e¨vL¨v Kivi Amyweavmg~n:

210

K. †Kvb mywbw ©ó HwZnvwmK Ae ’vb †bB 38 I 39 ev 40-48 Aa¨v‡qi g‡a¨| KviY †Kvb HwZnvwmK Ae ’vb †bB, †jLwb ev

BwZnv‡m, †ewki fvM e¨vL¨vKviK G‡K eschatological K‡i‡Q;

L. b~Zb wbqg:

(1) g‡b nq ev` w`‡q‡Q †kl Kvjxb ewj`vb c×wZ Beªxq 9 Ges 10 Aa¨v‡q;

(2) g‡b nq ciRvwZq‡ì AšÍ©f~³ K‡i‡Q hLb whwn 40-48 Aa¨vq LeyB RvwZqZv‡evaK|

M. hxï g‡b nq Ck¦‡ii cwiÎv‡Yi nvwZqvi wnmv‡e whn~`x‡ì cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i‡Qb Zuvi `yó K…lK‡ì „óv‡šÍ (gw_ 21:33-46; gvK©

12:1-12; j~K 20:9-19 c‡`;

N. hwÌ Avwg wek¦vm Kwi †h Ck¦i RvZxq B ªv‡qj‡K eënvi Ki‡eb †klKvjxb cwiKíbvq (†ivgxq 9-10), Avwg wek¦vm Kwi

bv †h gÐjx nj AvwZ¥K B ªv‡qj (†ivgxq 2:28-29; Mvjv 3:1 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 6:16; Bwd 2-3|

M. whwn‡¯‹j Zvi †ewki fvM evZ©v web¨ Í K‡i‡Qb †jLwb iƒ‡c| †hfv‡e whkvBq I whiwgq w`‡q‡Qb †mfv‡e wZwb †gŠwLK fv‡e †`b bvB|

†m¸wj LyeB KvVv‡gvK…Z|

IV. iPwqZv

K. GB eB‡qi †jLK †K Zv wb‡q KLbB m‡›`n nq wb| 1:2-3 c` Qvov mgMÖ eBwU first person, singular G †jLv n‡q‡Q (AvZ¥

Rxebxg~jK)

L. whn~`x HwZn¨, Baba Bathra 15a, e‡j‡Q Ògnv mgvRN‡ii †jv‡Kiv Ges ev‡iv Rb whwn‡¯‹j eBwU wj‡L‡Qb|Ó †hgb Avgiv †`L‡Z

cvB ÒwjwLZ Av‡QÓ kãwU, hvi A_© m¤úvw`Z ev msKwjZ|

M. †hv‡ldv‡mi The Antiquities of the Jews, 10:5:1, e‡j‡Q †h whwn‡¯‹j eBwU wj‡L‡Qb| GwU n‡Z cv‡i D‡jøL Ki‡Q A‡bK wneªæ

fveev`xi êwkó¨MZ KvVv‡gv‡K KviY Zv‡ì eB¸wj Lye mn‡R `ywU K‡i fvM K‡i †djv hvq| cÖ_g As‡ki HwZnvwmK Ae ’vb nj

Zvi wb‡Ri mgqKv‡ji| eBwUi wØZxq As‡ki Ae ’vb nj fwel¨Z (whkv 1-39 Ges 40-66; `vwb‡qj 1-6 Ges 7-12; mLwiq 1-8

Ges 9-14 Ges whwn 1-32 Ges 33-48)| GUv n‡Z cv‡i GB Kvi‡Y †h Jerome e¨³ K‡i‡Qb whwn‡¯‹‡ji GKZvi we‡l‡q Zvi

m‡›`n| GQvovI †Kb †hv‡ldvm wPšÍv K‡i‡Qb †h wZwb `ywU eB wj‡L‡Qb|

N. Avgiv whwn‡¯‹j m¤‡Ü me wKQz Zvi eB ‡_‡K Rvwb‡Z cvwi| Z‡e Zvi K_v cyivZb wbq‡gi †Kv_vqI D‡jøL †bB:

1. wZwb mv‡`vK eskxq hvRK wQ‡jb, 1:3,

2. wZwb we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘ Zvi †Kvb mšÍvb wQj bv, 24:16-18,

3. 2q beyL`wbrmi Øviv Lªxó c~e© 597 A‡ã hLb wZwb 25 eQi eq¯‹ ZLb ivRv wh‡nvqvKxb Gi mv‡_ Zv‡KI ew›` K‡i wb‡q hvIqv

n‡qwQj, 1:1; 1 ivRv 24:14-16,

4. wZwb whn~`x emwZ‡Z wbe©vwmZ n‡qwQ‡jb gvby‡li ‰Zix †m‡Pi Lvj Kevi Gi Kv‡Q †h RvqMvwU evwej †_‡K †ewk y‡i wQj bv,

1:1,3, ejv nq †Zj-Avwee, 3:15,

5. wZwb AšÍZc‡ÿ 22 eQi cÖPvi K‡iwQ‡jb, 1:1-2; 29:17,

6. wZwb wQ‡jb „p A_P mnvbyf~wZkxj fveev`x, 9:8; 11:13|

V. ZvwiL

K. wZwb Lªxó c~e© 623 A‡ã whiƒkv‡j‡g Rb¥ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|

L. whwn‡¯‹j 7g kZ‡Ki GKRb fveev`x: whiwgq, `vwb‡qj, bn~g, neKK~K Ges mdwbq|

M. wmsnvm‡b AwawôZ 2q beyL`wbrmi I b‡evc‡jl‡ii Aax‡b hLb be¨-evwewjq kw³ D`q nw”Qj, GB me fveev`x‡ì g‡a¨ w`‡q K_v

e‡jwQ‡jb wewfbœ RvqMvq:

1. 605 Lªxó c~‡e© beyL`wbrmi Øviv `vwb‡qj ew›` iƒ‡c bxZ nb| wZwb evwe‡ji ivR cÖvmv‡` wbe©vwmZ nb, `vwb 1:1 c`|

2. 597 Lªxó c~‡e© beyL`wbrmi Øviv whwn‡¯‹j mv‡_ 10,000 wgíKvi I ivRv wh‡nvqvKxb ew›ìƒ‡c bxZ nb, 2 ivRv 24:14-16 c`|

3. M`wj‡qi g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ whiwgq whiƒkv‡j‡gB wQ‡jb|

N. whwn‡¯‹j Zvi fveevYxi ZvwiL w`‡q‡Qb| ZvwiL¸wj †`Lvq †h eBwU KvjvbyµwgK bq:

211

w`b gvm wh‡nvqvKx‡bi wbe©vm‡bi eQi

1. GKwU `k©b, 1:1 5 4 13

2. GKwU `k©b, 1:2 5 4 5

3. GKwU `k©b, 8:1 5 6 6

4. cÖvPxb‡ì cÖkœ, 20:1 10 5 7

5. whiƒkv‡j‡gi Ae‡iva ïiæ, 24:1 10 10 9

6. ‡mv‡ii weiæ‡× ˆèevYx, 26:1 1 ? 11

7. wgm‡ii weiæ‡× ˆèevYx, 26:1 12 10 10





12. wgm‡ii weiæ‡× ˆèevYx, 32:17 15 (15) 12

13. whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZb, 33:21 5 10 12

14. b~Zb whiƒkv‡j‡gi `k©b, 40:1 10 1 25

O. GB fv‡e whwn‡¯‹‡ji cwiPh© v Avi¤¢ n‡qwQj 592 Lªxó c~‡e© Ges AšÍZc‡ÿ Lªxó c~e© 570 Aã ch©šÍ P‡jwQj, m¤¢eZ AviI `xN©w`b|


VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. whwn‡¯‹‡ji fvevYx¸wj fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i G‡Kev‡i wfbœ wfbœ `ywU evZ©vq:

1. 586 Lªxó c~‡e© whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZ‡bi c~‡e© Zvi e³…Zv‡K gb cwieZ©‡bi Avnev‡bi êwkó¨gq wQj KviY Ck¦‡ii Avmbœ `‡Ûi Rb¨|

(1-32)

2. whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZ‡bi c‡i Zvi e³…Zv Avkv, cybiæ×vi I ÿgvi w`‡K †gvo †bq| (33-48)

L. mswÿß iƒc‡iLv

1. cwiPh© vq Zvi Avnevb, 1-3

2. wbq‡gi †jvK‡ì cvcgqZv Ges whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZb, 4-24|

3. Pvwiw`‡Ki RvwZM‡Yi Dc‡i Ck¦‡ii `Û, 25-32

4. Ck¦‡ii cÖwZÁv Zuvi †jvK‡ì, bM‡ii Ges gw›`‡ii cybiæ×v‡ii, 33-37|

5. DËi †_‡K inm¨ D`NvUbg~jK vwfhvb, 38-39|

6. cybiæ×viK…Z gw›`‡ii `k©b, 40-48|

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. wb‡R‡ì cv‡ci Kvi‡Y whn~`xiv Kó cvw”Qj, GUv YHWH Gi `ye©jZv bqf

L. wbq‡gi wek¦v‡mi i‡q‡Q †hŠ_ Ges e¨w³MZ DfqB w`KB| whiwgq 31:31-34 c‡` byZb wbqg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q hv gyjZ e¨w³MZ,

†hgb 18 Ges 33 Aa¨v‡qi gZ| GwU AviI Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Ri Øviv wbwðZ (36-37 Aa¨vq)| GwU GKB iK‡gi mgZv Ck¦‡ii

mve©‡fŠgZ¡ Ges gvby‡li wbq‡gi `vwqZ¡ byZb wbq‡g hv cvIqv hvq Zvi g‡a¨|

M. Ck¦i Aeªvnvg I `vqy‡ì eskai‡ì cÖwZ wek¦ Í| wbqg cybivq cÖwZwôZ n‡e, 37,40-48 Aa¨vq| wbe©vmb wQj fvjevmvi GKwU KvR!

N. whn~`x‡ì Rb¨ mgm¨v `zi nw”Qj bv, 38-39 Aa¨vq (`vwb 7-12)| Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì I cwZZ, AvwZ¥K, cÖ‡jvwfZ gvbeZvi g‡a¨Kvi

Uvbv‡cv‡oi Pjgvb wQj (MxZ 2)|



1. †Zvjv, 4:10

212

2. ê`~h© gwY, 10:9 (NIV, “chrysolite”) 3. ÒZzwg Zvnv‡ì mvÿv‡Z †Ìqv‡j MZ© Kwiqv Zvnv w`qv evwni KwiI,Ó 12:5

4. hv`yi eva~bx, 13:18 (NIV, Òhv`yi †køvKÓ)

5. ÒAvcbv‡ì Rb¨ byZb ü`q I b~Zb AvZ¥v cÖ ‘Z Ki,Ó 18:31 (NIV, Òb~Zb ü`q I byZb AvZ¥v jvf KiÓ)

6. ÒAwMœi ga¨ w`qv Mgb,Ó 20:26 Ges 31

7. evgv, 20:29

8. ÒcuvPbxi wbP w`qv Mgb KivBe,Ó 20:37

9. M„n‡èZv, 21:21 (NIV, ÒcÖwZgvÓ)

10. ÒZvnviv †Zvgvi bvwmKv I KY© KvwUqv †dwj‡e,Ó 23:25

11. ÒZzwg Ck¦‡ii D`¨vb G‡`v‡b wQ‡j,Ó 28:13

12. cÖk Í n Í,

13. Pjgvb, 46:15 (NIV, ÒmKv‡ji ci mKvj a‡i wbZ¨ AwMœ DcnviÓ)

L. e¨w³

1. ÒPvi Rxeš‘ cÖvYx,Ó 1:5 (NIV, ÒPviwU RxweZ cÖvYxÓ)

2. gbyl¨ cyÎ, 2:1

3. Z¤§yR, 8:14

4. †Piæexg, 10:6

5. `vwb‡qj, 14:14,20

6. Anjv Ges Anwjqve, 23:4

7. mv‡`v‡Ki cyÎ, 40:46

X. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb 1. Kevi b`x, 1:1 (NIV, ÒKevi b`xÓ) 4. heb, 27:13 (NIV, ÒMÖxmÓ)

2. Kj`xq‡ì †`k, 1:3 (NIV, Òevwe‡ji †`kÓ) 5. Z~ej, 27:13

3. †mvi, 26:2 7. †gkK, 27:13

4. ‡mvqvb, 30:14


1. 1 Aa¨vq whwn‡¯‹j wK †`‡LwQ‡jb? †Kb GwU evwe‡j A¯vfvweK wQj?

2. 2 Aa¨v‡qi ¸Uv‡bv cy ÍK wK cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?

3. 4 I 5 Aa¨v‡qi cÖwZwK KvR wK cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?

4. 8 Aa¨vq †Kb Lye nZevK Kiv? GwU wK ev Íe A_ev cÖwZwK?

5. wKfv‡e 1 I 11 Aa¨vq m¤úwK©Z?

6. 18 Aa¨vq cyivZb wbq‡g †Kb Lye A¯vfvweK?

7. wKfv‡e kqZvb †mv‡ii ivRvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z (28)? 28 Aa¨vq †Kb kqZv‡bi eY©bv?

8. wKfv‡e 36-39 Aa¨vq whwn‡¯‹‡ji mg‡qi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

9. wKfv‡e 18:30-32 c` 36:26-27 c‡ì mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

10. whwn‡¯‹‡ji gw›ì wK AvÿwiK A_ev cÖwZwK?

213

214

215

`vwb‡qj cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO DANIEL)

I. eBwUi bvg

K. eBwUi bvg Gi cÖavb gyLcvÎ Ges fveev`xi bv‡g|

L. Zvi bv‡gi A_© ÒCk¦i Avgvi wePvi KZ©v|Ó

II. K¨vbb KiY

K. `vwb‡qj wneªæ K¨vb‡bi Z…Zxq I †kl fvM Ò‡jLbxÓ Gi Ask| GB eBwUi wneªæ K¨vb‡b M„wnZ n‡Z †ek wKQz mgm¨v wQj:

L. GwU GB Kvi‡Y †h:

1. whn~`x‡ì Øviv Zv‡K we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q GKRb ivRbxwZK wnmv‡e, fveev`x wnmv‡e bq|

2. GwU cÖwZdwjZ K‡i cieZx© mg‡q msKj‡bi (m¤úv`bv)|

3. G‡Z i‡q‡Q AivwgK fvlvq wKQz Ask (2:4

L

-7:28), Blªvi gZ|

M. whn~`x HwZn¨ ej‡Q †h gkx‡ni Av‡M hLb Gwjq wd‡i Avm‡eb, ZLb wZwb †gvwk I whwn‡¯‹‡ji g‡a¨Kvi mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡eb|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. A‡bK wneªæ fveev`xi gZ GwU nj GKwU mvwnZ¨ ixwZi mgšq:

1. 1-6 Aa¨vq nj HwZnvwmK eY©bv †hwU wjwLZ n‡q‡Q Z…Zxq cyiæ‡l| †m¸wj cÖwZdwjZ K‡i `vwb‡q‡ji Rxeb Ges mgq|

2. 7-12 Aa¨vq nj fwel¨r NUbv †h¸wj cÖvqB inm¨ D`NvUbg~jK mvwn‡Z¨ cÖKvk Kiv n‡Zv cÖ_g cyiæ‡l (7:1,9: 8:1;9:2)|

L. GB mywbw ©ó bgybv HwZnvwmK c‡i fwel¨r AviI cvIqv hv‡e:

1. whkvBq, 1-39 Ges 40-66

2. whwn‡¯‹j 1-32; 33-48

3. mLwiq 1-8 Ges 9-14

M. inm¨ D`NvUbg~jK mvwnZ¨ GK”QÎ fv‡e whn~`x mvwnZ¨ ixwZ| GUv eëüZ n‡q‡Q gnv mgm¨vi mg‡q GUv wbwðZ Ki‡Z †h wek¦ Í Ck¦i

BwZnvm wbqš¿Y Ki‡Qb Ges fwel¨‡Zi D×vi I Avkxe©v‡ì|

N. GwU D”PZi cÖwZwK fvlv eënv‡i ‰ewkó¨gwÛZ:

1. is,

2. Rxe Rš‘,

3. msL¨v,

4. `k©b/¯cœ,

5. `~Z‡ì ga¨ ’Zv,

6. ‡Mvcbxq mvs‡KwZK kãvejx,

7. Zxÿè ˆØZev`Ñfvj I g‡›ì g‡a¨|

IV. iPwqZv

K. GB eB‡qi †jLK †K Zv eBwU e‡j wb| 1-6 Aa¨vq wjwLZ n‡q‡Q Z…Zxq cyiæ‡l Ab¨ w`‡K 7-12 Aa¨vq cÖ_g cyiæ‡l, 7:1,9; 8:1;

9:1|

L. whn~`x HwZn¨, Baba Bathra 15a, e‡j‡Q Ògnv mgvRN‡ii †jv‡Kiv `vwb‡qj eBwU wj‡L‡Qb|Ó Gi A_© Zviv m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb

A_ev GwU Abywjwc K‡i‡Qb| Gi cieZx© wneªæ êwk‡ói GB KviY n‡Z cv‡i|

216

M. cieZx©‡Z D‡jøwLZ KviY¸wj †Ìqv n‡q‡Q nq cÖvPxb bv nq cieZx© Zvwi‡Li mg_©‡b:

1. cÖvPxb ZvwiL (Lªxó c~e© 7g-6ô kZK):

K. eBwU `vwe K‡i‡Q †h GwU `vwb‡qi `k©b, 7:2, 4, 6 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`, 28; 8:1, 15; 9:1-2; 10:2 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`;

12:4-8 |

L. hxï `vwb‡q‡ji †jLKZ¡ D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb, gw_ 24:15|

M. cvim¨ I MÖxK k‡ãi Dcw ’wZ KLbB cieZx© ZvwiL †`Lvq bv KviY `vwb‡q‡ji mg‡q evwYR¨ Pzw³ wQj GB †`k¸wji g‡a¨|

N. g„Zz¨ cieZx© Rxe‡bi ag©ZË¡ AviI †`Lv ‡h‡Z cv‡i B‡qve I MxZmswnZvi wKQz As‡k| `~ZM‡Yi ag©ZË¡ †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i

mLwiq‡Z|

O. Avgv‡ì eZ©gvb cÖZœZ‡Ë¡ `vwb‡qj Lvc Lvq evwe‡ji Ges cvi‡mï ivRKxq ìev‡ii welq eyS‡Z|

2. cieZx© ZvwiL (Lªxó c~e© 2q kZK):

K. wneªæ K¨vb‡b ’vb jvf|

L. cvim¨ I MÖxK Uv‡g©i Dcw ’wZ|

M. g„Zz¨ cieZx© Rxeb I `yZM‡Yi ag©Z‡Ë¡i weKvk|

N. we‡kl K‡i 11 Aa¨v‡qi mywbw ©ó fvweevYxmg~n, c¨v‡óvBb wbqš¿Y wb‡q †mjywmW Ges U‡jgxi msMÖvg m¤úwK©Z|

O. g¨v°vweq mgqKv‡j `vwb‡qj I Ab¨vb¨ inm¨ D`NvUbg~jK eB‡qi g‡a¨ mv`„k¨Zv|

P. eBwU‡Z †ek wKQz AbywgZ ÒfzjÓ:

1) ÒKj`xqÓ Uv‡g©i eënvi|

2) Kj`xq wnmv‡e `vwb‡qj (cwÛZ †jvK)|

3) ‡ejkrmi‡K ejv nq Òevwe‡ji ivRv|Ó

4) beyL`wbrmi‡K ejv nq †ejkrm‡ii wcZv|

5) Ò`vwiqvm I gv`xqÓ Gi D‡jøL|

6) cvi‡mï cÖkvmwbK Uvg© satrapGi eënvi|

N. `vwb‡qj eB‡qi GKZv ‡`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i:

1. 2,7 Ges 8 Aa¨v‡qi g‡a¨Kvi m¤úK©|

2 Aa¨vq 7 Aa¨vq 8 Aa¨vq

†mvbv (evwej) wmsn

iƒcv fvjøyK †fov(cim¨)

Zvgv wPZv QvMj(MÖxK)

†jvnv/Kv`v cï

2. AivwgK Ask i‡q‡Q 2:4

L

-7:28 c` ch©šÍ|

O. evB‡ej GB m¤ªvU‡ì wPwýZ K‡i‡Q:

1. evwej wnmv‡e 2 Aa¨v‡qi †mvbvg 2:38|

2. cvim¨ wnmv‡e 8 Aa¨v‡qi †fov, 8:20|

3. MÖxm wnmv‡e 8 Aa¨v‡qi QvMj, 8:21|

4. †mRb¨, PZz_© ivR¨ Aek¨B n‡e †ivg| GB †mB ivR¨ †hLv‡b gkxn Avm‡eb (2:34-35,44; 8:35|)

P. gvbyl `vwb‡qj m¤‡Ü Avgiv wK Rvwb:

1. Lªxó c~e© 605 A‡ã Zv‡K wbe©vm‡b wb‡q hvIqv n‡qwQj, 1:1|

2. whiƒkv‡j‡gi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ges m¤ú`kvjx cwievi †_‡K, 1:3|

3. eyw×gvb, 1:4|

4. Zvi we‡kl `vb wQj ¯cœ e¨vL¨v Kivi Ges Áv‡bi, 5:12,14|

5. AbyMZ `vm Df‡qiB:

K. Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ, 6:5

L. ivRvi cÖwZ, 6:4

Q. `vwb‡q‡ji cyivZb wbq‡gi `vwb‡qj eBwU GKB bq †hgb whwn‡¯‹‡ji `vwb‡qj, 14:14,20 Ges 28:3| `vwb‡qj bvgwU wneªæ‡Z evbvb

Kiv n‡q‡Q wfbœ fv‡e|

V. ZvwiL

217

K. Lªxó c~e© 605 A‡ã `vwb‡qj 2q beL`wbrmi Øviv wbe©vm‡b bxZ nb (1:1)|

L. ÒgnvbÓ 2q †Kvi‡mi mgq ch©šÍ `vwb‡qj evwej I cvi‡mï ivRv‡ì ¯cœ e¨vL¨vKviK I civgk©K wQ‡jb (1:21; 6:28; 10:1)|

M. wKQz wKQz cwÛ‡Ziv hviv cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i‡Qb fwel¨‡Zi fveevYx mgm¨veûjZv‡K `vwb‡qj 11 Aa¨v‡qi mwVK HwZnvwmK wek` weeiY

Øviv| Zviv eBwUi ZvwiL wbY©q K‡i‡Qb Gi Avw›UqK 4_© Gwcdvwbi wel‡q †kl wbw ©ó fwel¨revYx cieZx©Kvj (Lªxó c~e© 175-164)|

N. GB eBwU‡Z †h‡nZz first person singular pronoun eëüZ n‡q‡Q (7:1,9; 8:1; 9:1), GUv Bw½Z †`q †h `vwb‡qj eBwUi

†jLK hv Zvi bvg‡K D‡jøL K‡i, Ges eBwUi †jLwbi mgq Zvi RxebKv‡ji g‡a¨|

VI. mvwnZ¨ GKK K. mswÿß iƒc‡iLv

1. `vwb‡q‡ji Rxebx, 1-6

2. `vwb‡q‡ji `k©b, 7-12

L. welqe ‘ Abymv‡i iƒc‡iLv

1. beyL`wbrm‡ii ìev‡i `vwb‡qj, 1 Aa¨vq|

2. beyL`wbrm‡ii ¯cœ Ges Zvi e¨vL¨v, 2 Aa¨vq|

3. beyL`wbrm‡ii †mvbvi cÖwZgv I `vwb‡q‡ji wZb eÜz, 3 Aa¨vq|

4. beyL`wbrm‡ii wØZxq ¯cœ Ges Gi e¨vLÄ, 4 Aa¨vq|

5. †ejkrm‡ii †fvR Ges evwej bMixi cZb, 5 Aa¨vq|

6. `vwiqvm I gv`xq Ges wms‡ni M‡Z© `vwb‡qj, 6 Aa¨vq|

7. Pvi Rš‘i `k©b, 7 Aa¨vq|

8. 7 Aa¨v‡qi `k©b Ges cÖmviY, 8 Aa¨vq|

9. `vwb‡q‡ji whiƒkv‡jg cyb ’vc‡bi wel‡q D‡ØM wKš‘ whn~`x‡ì fwel¨‡Zi mgm¨v †`Lvb, 9 Aa¨vq|

10. 11-12 Aa¨v‡qi evZ©vi f~wgKv, 10 Aa¨vq

11. c¨v‡j÷vBb wb‡q U‡jgx I †mjywmW‡ì g‡a¨Kvi fwel¨‡Zi msMÖvg, 11-12 Aa¨vq|

VII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. Ck¦i wQ‡jb/Av‡Qb BwZnvm wbqš¿‡Y; Zuvi Dc‡i wbf©iZv Ges KwVb mg‡qI Zuvi Dc‡i wek¦ Í _vKv|

L. Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì (whn~`x) Kó‡fvM wQj/Pj‡Q †kl nqwb|

M. Ck¦i Zuvi gkx‡ni gva¨‡g AbšÍKvjxb ivR¨ cÖwZôv Ki‡eb|

N. avwg©K I cvcx Df‡qiB cybiæÌvb n‡e|

VIII. Uvg© Ges/A_ev kã¸”Q Ges mswÿßfv‡e e¨w³ wPwýZKiY


1. ÒKj`xq fvlvÓ (cuneiform), 1:4 (NIV Òevwewjq fvlv Ges mvwnZ¨Ó)

2. ÒPZz_© e¨w³i g~wZ© †ècy‡Îi m`„k,Ó 3:25 ( (NASB Ges NIV) 3. Mene, Mene, Tekel Upharsin, 5:25 (NIV Ò.... parsinÓ)

4. ÒAvKv‡ki Pvwi evqy,Ó 7:2 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. Òmgy`ª nB‡Z e„nr PvwiUv Rš‘ evwni nBj,Ó 7:3 (NASB Ges NIV) 6. Òcy ÍK mKj †Lvjv nBj,Ó 7:10 (NASB Ges NIV) 7. ÒGK Kvj, [`yB] Kvj I Aa© Kvj,Ó 7:25 (NASB Ges NIV) 8. ÒmËi mßvn,Ó 9:24 (NIV, ÒmvZvËiÓ)

9. Òbvq‡Ki cÖRviv,Ó 9:26 (NIV, Òkvm‡Ki cÖRvivÓ)

218

10. ÒN„Yvn© e ‘ mK‡ji c‡ÿi Dc‡iÓ 9:27 (NIV,Ògw›`‡ii cÿ †m N„Yvn© e ‘ cÖwZôv Ki‡e)

11. ÒasmKvix N„Yvn© e ‘,Ó 11:31 (NIV, ÒN„Yvn© e ‘ hv as‡mi KviY n‡eÓ)

L. e¨w³

1. wh‡nvqvKxg, 1:1

2. Kj`xq, 2:2 (NIV, Ò†R¨vwZ©we`MYÓ)

3. †ejkrmi, 2:26

4. ¯M©xq cÖnix, 4:13 (NIV, ÒevZ©vevnKÓ)

5. †ejkrmi, 5:1

6. `vwiqvem I gv`xq, 5:31-6:1

7. ÿz`ª k„sM, 7:8

8. cÖvPxb Kvj, 7:9

9. gbyl¨ cyÎ, 7:13

10. †ejkrmi, 8:9

11. Mvewi‡qj, 8:16

12. gxLv‡qj, 10:13

13. Ò`wÿY †`‡ki ivRv,Ó 11:5 (NIV, Ò`wÿ‡Yi ivRvÓ)

14. ÒDËi †`‡ki ivRv,Ó 11:6 (NIV, DË‡ii ivRv)

IX. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb

1. wkwbqi, 1:2 (NIV, ÒevwejÓ)

2. gv`xq, 8:20

3. k~kb, 8:2

4. Gjvg, 8:2

5. MÖxm, 8:21

X. wkÿv_x©‡ì mš‘wói cÖkœvejx

1. †Kvb wZb fv‡e Kj`xq Uvg©wU eëüZ n‡q‡Q?

2. wKfv‡e 2,7 Ges 8 Aa¨v‡qi `k©b¸wj m¤úwK©Z?

3. 7:10 Ges 12:1 c‡` D‡jøwLZ ÒeB¸wjÓ wK?

4. 9:24-27 c` †Kb e¨vL¨v Kiv Lye KwVb?

5. 11 Aa¨v‡q ywU RvwZ m¤‡Ü wK welq?

6. `vwb‡qj eB‡Z ywU ÿz`ª k„sM (7:8 Ges 8:9), †m¸wj wK‡mi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?

7. eBwUi †Kv_vq g„Z‡ì mvaviY cybiæÌv‡bi welqwU D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q?

219

220

‡nv‡kq cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO HOSEA)

I. eBwUi bvg

K. eBwUi bvg fveev`xi bv‡g|

L. Zvi bv‡gi A_© ÒcwiÎvY|Ó GwU g~jZ wh‡nvk~‡qi bvg, MYbv 13:16 c`| †nv‡kqi gZ GwU GKB iKg bvg (2 ivRv 17:1)|

M. gvbyl:

1. †ewi‡qi cyÎ (1:1),

2. B ªv‡q‡ji GKRb bvMwiK (7:5) wKš‘ †Kvb bM‡ii †jvK Zv AÁvZ|

3. †hgb Av‡gvl mvgvwRK b¨vq wePv‡ii cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v e‡j‡Qb, †mfv‡e †nv‡kq wbq‡gi wek¦ ÍZvi cÖ‡qvR‡bi cÖwZ K_v e‡j‡Qb,

4. Zv‡K ejv n‡Zv:

K) ÒB ªv‡q‡ji whiwgqÓ

L) ÒcyivZb wbq‡gi †cÖwiZ †hvnbÓ

M) ÒB ªv‡q‡ji cÖ_g mymgvPvi cÖPviKÓ

II. K¨vbb KiY

K. GB eBwU ÒcieZx© fveev`xÓ wefv‡Mi Ask (Dc‡`kK 49:10)

L. eBwU nj ev‡ivwUi cÖ_g, †QvU fveev`x‡ì `‡ji (Baba Bathra 14b)

1. whkvBq, whiwgq Ges whwn‡¯‹‡ji gZ, me¸wj GKwU ¸Uv‡bv cy Í‡K Ave× n‡q‡Q|

2. ev‡ivwU es‡ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix A_ev msMV‡bi cÖwZwK msL¨v

3. cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q eBwUi Kvjvbyµ‡gi HwZn¨MZ `„wófw½|

M. A‡bK cwÛ‡ì g‡Z Òev‡ivÓ ev ÿz`ª fveev`xM‡Yi avivevwnKZv mshy³ n‡q‡Q KvjvbyµwgK avivevwnKZv Abymv‡i| hwÌ, GB

`„wófw½‡Z mgm¨v i‡q‡Q:

1. cÖ_g QqwU eB MT Ges LXX Gi g‡a¨ c„_K|

MT LXX

‡nv‡kq ‡nv‡kq

‡hv‡qj Av‡gvl

Av‡gvl wgLv

Iew`q ‡hv‡qj

‡hvbv Iew`q

wgLv ‡hvbv

2. Af¨šÍixY NUbvejx Av‡gvl‡K Kvjvbyµg Abymv‡i †nv‡kqi Av‡M †i‡L‡Q|

3. †hv‡qj cy Í‡Ki ZvwjK AZ¨šÍ weZwK©Z| Avwg Zv‡K ZvwjKvfz³ K‡iwQ Iew`‡qi mv‡_ wbe©vmb DËi fveev`x‡ì g‡a¨|

N. †nv‡kq cy Í‡Ki †jLwb m¤¢eZ cyivZb wbq‡gi Ab¨ †h †Kvb eB‡qi †P‡q me‡P‡q mgm¨veûj|

1. Gi wKQzUv eBwUi Av‡eMgq cÖK…wZi Kvi‡Y|

2. wKQzUv AbywjwcKviK‡ì Abywjwci Kvi‡Y| MT Ges LXX nj wfbœ wfbœ|

3. Avi wKQzUv nj B ªv‡qj I whn~`vi g‡a¨ wneªæ K_¨ fvlvi cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GwU nj 8g kZ‡Ki B ªv‡qjxq fveev`xi Rxebx Ges mg‡qi HwZnvwmK eY©bv (we‡kl K‡i 1-3 Aa¨vq)|

L. Zvi Rxeb‡K we‡kølYv_©K fv‡e eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ck¦‡ii fvjevmvi `„óvšÍ ‡`Lv‡Z:

1. Ck¦i GKRb hyeK †cÖwg‡Ki gZ wek¦ Í (1-3)

221

2. Ck¦i †cÖggq wcZvgvZvi gZ (11)

3. GB iƒc‡Ki wfwË wQj B ªv‡qjxq‡ì Ò¯vgxÓ I ÒcÖfzÓ wnmv‡e ev‡ji Dc‡i Ø›Ø|

M. my›ì fv‡e, kw³kvjx fv‡e Ges Av‡eMgq KweZvKv‡i wjwLZ, wKš‘ GwU GKZv‡K wewQbœ K‡i (4-14 Aa¨vq)

IV. iPwqZv

K. †nv‡kq‡Z me mgqB GB mvaviY HK¨ i‡q‡Q, hwÌ Avgiv Zvi m¤ú‡K© Lye KgB Rvwb|

L. Baba Bathra 15a, e‡j‡Q gnv mgvRN‡ii †jv‡Kiv Òev‡ivÓ wj‡L‡Qb| Gi A_© Aek¨B GB A‡_© msKwjZ ev m¤úv`bvi|

M. KviI KviI cÖkœ i‡q‡Q:

1. whn~`vi D‡jøL Kiv, 1:1; 4:15; 5:5,10,12-14; 6:4,11; 8:14; 11:12,

2. fwel¨r mg„w× I D×v‡ii c¨v‡mR,

3. 1-2 Aa¨v‡q †nv‡kqi weevn third person G eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ 3 Aa¨v‡q second person G|

N. AvcwËi DËi:

1. mKj fveev`xiv †`‡L‡Qb B ªv‡qj I whn~`vi wefvM nIqvUv fzj wnmv‡e| whn~`v‡K me mgqB †`Lv n‡q‡Q Aeªvnvg I `vq~‡ì

Kv‡Q Kiv wbq‡gi cÖwZÁvi êa DËivwaKvix wnmv‡e|

2. fveev`x wePvi I cÖwZÁvi ‰èevYx mgšq K‡i‡Qb| †m¸wj GKwU Hk¦ixK evZ©vi gZ GK‡Î ejv n‡q‡Q|

3. †nv‡kq n‡Z cv‡i Zvi e³…Zvi GKwU msMÖn|

V. ZvwiL

K. †nv‡kq n‡jb Lªxó c~e© 8g kZ‡Ki fveev`x

1. whn~`vq whkvBq Ges wgLv

2. B ªv‡q‡j †hvbv, Av‡gvl Ges †nv‡kq

L. †nv‡kq AbymiY K‡i‡Qb Ges Qvwc‡q †M‡Qb Av‡gv‡li cwiPh© v‡K

M. Zvi cÖPv‡ii ZvwiL n‡Z cv‡i 1:1 c‡` D‡jøwLZ ivRv‡ì mgqKv‡j:

1. Dwlq (whn~`v)

2. ‡hv_g (whn~`v)

3. Avnm (whn~`v)

4. wnw¯‹q (whn~`v)

5. 2q hvi‡evqvg (B ªv‡qj)

N. †ek wKQz cwÛZ‡ì gZvgZ:

1. Keil, Lªxó c~e© 790-725

K. 1:4, †hû ivRZš¿ cZ‡bi cy‡e© Avi¤¢ n‡qwQj

L. 10:14, 5g kjgbk‡ii Awfhvb eZ©gvb

2. Francisco, Lªxó c~e© 750-735

K. Av‡gv‡li †_‡K wKQz mgq c‡i

L. 2q hviweqv‡gi †kl w`b¸wj‡Z

M. Lªxó c~e© 735 A‡ãi c‡i bq, KviY Aïwiqiv wMwjq` `Lj K‡iwQj

3. Harrison, Lªxó c~e© 722

K. 2q hviweqv‡gi g„Zz¨ Lªxó 753 Aã

L. 3q wZMør-wc‡jli‡K (8:9) gb‡n‡gi Ki cÖ vb Lªxó c~e© 739 A‡ãi w`‡K

M. Lªxó c~e© 735-734 A‡ã Syro-Ephramatic hy‡×i NUbv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q 5:8-6:6 (AviI 7-14)|

N. †nv‡kqi w`b¸wj e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q 7:11; 9:6 Ges 12:2 c‡` wgk‡ii D‡jøL|

4. La Sor, Hubbard and Bush, Lªxó c~e© 735-722 A‡ãi cieZx© Kvj

K. 2q hviweqv‡gi g„Zzï c~‡e© ïiæ, Lªxó c~e© 753 Aã

222

L. wnw¯‹‡qi ivRZ¡Kvj ch©šÍ e¨vß

(1) cyZzj miKvi Lªxó c~e© 728 Aã †_‡K

(2) Lªxó c~e© 715 Aã †_‡K ivRv

M. 3q wZMør-wc‡jl‡ii ivRZ¡Kv‡j cÖPvi KvR K‡ib, Lªxó c~e© 745-727 Aã|


Ò8g kZ‡Ki fveev`x‡ì HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcUÓ whkvBq Av‡jvPbvi ïiæ‡Z

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. (Introduction to the Old Testament by Clyde Francisco, pp. 150-163 †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q)

1. f~wgKv, 1:1

2. †nv‡kqi cvwievwiK mgm¨v, 1:2-3:5

3. B ªv‡q‡ji mv‡_ Ck¦‡ii Ø›Ø, 4:1-10:15

4. wcZv Ges Zvi wec_Mvgx cyÎ, 11:1-12

5. bv‡g wK Av‡Q (hv‡Kve ebvg B ªv‡qj) 12:1-15

6. RvwZi g„Zz¨, 13:1-16

7. wePv‡ii weKí, 14:1-9

L. (Introduction to the Old Testament by E. J. Young, pp. 252-254 †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q)

1. Ck¦‡ii Zuvi †jvK‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK©, 1:1-3:5

2. fveev`xi wfbœ wfbœ Dc‡`k, 4:1-14:9

K. DË‡ii †Mvwô‡ì Aciva, 4-8

L. DË‡ii †Mvwô‡ì `Û, 9:1-11:11

M. AbyZß †jvK‡ì Rb¨ fwel¨‡Zi Avkxe©v`, 11:12-14:9

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. YHWH n‡jb e¨w³MZ Ck¦i| GKRb †cÖggq Ck¦‡ii weiæ‡× cvc, †KejgvÎ wbq‡gi kvmbB AeÁv bq (Av‡gvl)

L. evB‡e‡ji mZ¨ cwiev‡ii g‡a¨Kvi iƒc‡Ki me‡P‡q fvj êwkó¨ n‡Z cv‡i:

1. ¯vgx (Ck¦i) Ñ ¿x (B ªv‡qj)

2. wcZvgvZv (Ck¦i) Ñ mšÍvb (B ªv‡qj)

M. YHWH †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb cÖwZÁv, ewj`vb Ges wbq‡gi g‡a¨ w`‡q cwZZ gvby‡li mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kivi| Gi g‡a¨ AšÍ©f~³ e¨w³MZ

wbf©iZv I wbq‡gi eva¨Zv|

N. wbq‡gi cÖwZ Aeva¨Zvi djvdj `Û Av‡b| `Û nj me mgqB cybiæ×v‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨| kvmb nj wcZvgvZv m~jf fvjevmvi KvR (Beªxq

12:5 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`) †cÖ‡gi KvR| B ªv‡q‡ji fwel¨r Avkxe©v` Zvi eZ©gvi eva¨Zvi Dc‡i kZ©hy³|



1. e¨wfPvix, 1:2 (NIV ÒGKRb e¨vwfPvix ¿xÓ)

2. weev`, 2:2 (NIV, ÒwZi¯‹viÓ) 3. `ªvÿvi wcVv, 3:1 (NIV ÒcweÎ...Ó)

4. †nvgi, 3:2 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. cweÎ Í¤¢, 3:4 (NIV, ÒcweÎ cv_iÓ) 6. teraphim, 3:4 (NIV, ÒcÖwZgvÓ) 7. ÒZviv cÖfz‡K Rv‡b bv,Ó 5:4 (NIV ÒZviv m`vcÖfzi mv‡_ cwiwPZ bqÓ) 8. Òmxgvi wPý ’vbvšÍi,Ó 5:10 (NIV, Òmxgvi cv_iÓ)

223

9. ÒBd«wqg RvwZM‡Yi mwnZ wgwkÖZ nBqv‡Q,Ó 7:8 (NASB Ges NIV)

10. †n kgwiq, †Zvgvi erm,Ó 8:5 (NIV, Ò†Zvgvi erm-cÖwZgv, †n kgwiqÓ)

11. Òevqyiƒc exR ecb K‡i, SÅviƒc km¨ KvwU‡e,Ó 8:7 (NASB Ges NIV)

12. Ò‡kvKKvix‡ì Lv`¨,Ó 9:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

13. ÒAvwgB Z Bd«wqg‡K nuvwU‡Z wkLvBqvwQjvg,Ó 11:3 (NASB Ges NIV)

14. †cÖggq `qv [hesed] 4:1; 6:6; 10:12; 12:6 (NIV Òwek¦ ÍZv bvBÓ)

L. e¨w³

1. Dwlq, 1:1

2. Avnm, 1:1

3. wnw¯‹q, 1:1

4. †hvq‡mi (2q) cyÎ hviweqvg, 1:1

5. †Mvgi, 1:3

6. hvmwi‡qj, 1:4

7. †jv-iænvgv, 1:6

8. †jv-Avw¤§, 1:9

9. evwj, 2:16 (NIV, ÒAvgvi ¯vgxÓ)

10. ivRv hv‡ie, 5:13; 10:10:6 (NIV, Ògnvb ivRvÓ)


1. Av‡Lvi Zjf~wg, 2:15 (wh‡nvk~q 7:26)

2. wMjMj, 4:15

3. †e_-Av‡fb, 4:15 (ê‡_j)

4. wgmcv, 5:1

5. Zv‡evi ce©Z, 5:1

6. wMj‡evq, 5:8

7. ivgv, 5:8

8. Av`g, 6:7

9. wMwjq`, 6:8

10. evj-wcIi, 9:10

11. †jev‡bvb, 14:6-7


1. †nv‡kq wK †ek¨v‡K we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb?

2. B ªv‡q‡ji mv‡_ Ck¦‡ii wbqg wK kZ©hy³ bv kZ©nxb?

3. wKfv‡e evj I †Mvgi YHWH Ges B ªv‡q‡ji mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

4. 6:1-3 c` †Kb wPšÍv Kiv nq †h †KejgvÎ MfxiZvnxb AbyZvc n‡Z cv‡i?

5. 7:4-6 Ges 8:4 c‡` Kv‡K ÒZvnvivÓ pronoun w`‡q D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q?

6. 8:13 c` wK 11:5 c‡ì mv‡_ mvsNwl©K?

7. B ªv‡qj wgki ev Aïwiqvq wbe©vwmZ n‡e? 11:5 c` Zzjbv Kiæb 7:10, 8:13 Ges 9:3 c‡ì mv‡_|

8. †Kb ivR‰bwZK HK¨ mKj cyivZb wbq‡gi fveev`xi Øviv N„wYZ n‡q‡Q?

224

225

‡hv‡qj cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO JOEL)

I. eBwUi bvg

K. eBwUi bvg fveev`xi bv‡g|

L. Zvi bvgwU nj Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ ywU bv‡gi mgšq:

1. YHWH Ñ Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ wbq‡gi bvg|

K. †h †Kvb wneªæ bvg †hwU ïiæ n‡Zv ÒJÓ w`‡q Ges GKwU ¯ieY© nj mvaviYZ YHWH Gi Rb¨ GKwU kã ms‡ÿc|

L. †h †Kvb wneªæ bvg †hwU ‡kl n‡Zv ÒiahÓ w`‡q ‡mUvI wQj YHWH Gi Rb¨ GKwU kã ms‡ÿc (Elijah)|

2. El Ñ Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ mvaviY bvg|

3. GB ywU wneªæ bv‡gi g‡a¨ GKwU verb Aek¨B AšÍf~©³ n‡e YHWH (is) El|

M. GwU Lye cÖPwjZ wneªæ bvg| HwZnvwmK eB‡Z 13 ev‡iiI †ewk D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q|

II. K¨vbb KiY

K. GB eBwU wneªæ K¨vb‡bi Òfveev`xÓ wefv‡Mi Ask|

L. GwU Òev‡ivÓ bv‡gi ¸Uv‡bv cy Í‡Ki Ask wQj| GB eB¸wji †jLwbi ˆ`N© Abymv‡i G¸wj ÿz`ª fveev`x bv‡g cwiwPZ

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GwU nj A‡×©K M`¨ Avi A‡×©K K¬vwmK¨vj wneªæ KweZv|

L. †hv‡qj g‡b nq Ab¨ †ek K‡qKRb fveev`x Øviv c‡ivÿ fv‡e D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Qb:

1. †hv‡qj 1:15

M

Ñ Av‡gvl 4:9; whkv 13:6 4. †hv‡qj 3:10 Ñ whkv 2:4; wgLv 4:3

2. †hv‡qj 2:3 Ñ whkv 51:3 ev whwn 36:35 5. †hv‡qj 3:16 Ñ Av‡gvl 1:2

3. †hv‡qj 2:10 Ñ whkv 13:10 6. †hv‡qj 3:18 Ñ Av‡gvl 9:13

M. †hv‡q‡ji †kl w`b¸wji Kíbv inm¨ D`NvUbg~jK Uv‡g© cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q, Òm`vcÖfzi w`b|Ó

N. wKfv‡e c½cv‡ji gnvgvix e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡e Zvi ZË¡, 1:4; 2:25 c`|

1. cÖwZwK/iƒcvj¼vi

K. whn~`x Targum Gi 2:25 L. 6ó kZ‡Ki LXX Gi MSS M. Lªxwóq K‡g‡›UUiMY 1) †jv‡Kiv Gi cv`wUKv (18 kZK)

2) fvlv 1) wgkwiq 1) Aïwiq

3) kvmK 2) evewewjqiv 2) Kj`xq

4) mv¤ªvR¨ 3) Aïwiq 3) gvwK`wbqiv

4) MÖxK 4) †ivg

5) †ivgxqiv

2. AZxZ HwZnvwmKZv

K. fveev`x wneªæ verb Gi past tense eënvi K‡i‡Qb

L. GwU wQj êwkó¨gq fveev`xMZ †KŠkj †h NUbv‡K fveev`xi Rxe‡b MÖnY Kiv Ges †m¸wj‡K fwel¨‡Zi †cÖÿvc‡U cÖ‡ÿc

Kiv| B ªv‡qjxq‡ì fwel¨r wbf©ikxj wQj eZ©gv‡b Zvi wek¦vm-AbyZv‡ci g‡bvbq‡bi g‡a¨

3. fwel¨r HwZnvwmKZv

K. B ªv‡qjxq‡ìi cv‡ci Kvi‡Y mwZ¨ mwZ¨ GKwU Awfhvb AvmwQj

L. c½cvj eëüZ n‡q‡Q KviY mvgwiK iƒcK eëüZ n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì eY©bv Ki‡Z:

1) †Nvovi gZ †`L‡Z

2) i‡_i AvIqv‡Ri gZ

226

3) k„sjvc~Y© AMÖhvÎv

M. †hv‡qj m¤¢eZ cÖKvwkZ evK¨ 9:3-11 c‡ì mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z

4. inm¨ D`NvUbg~jK

K. Òm`vcÖfzi w`bÓ Gi D‡jøL GB ai‡Yi mvwnZ¨ ixwZi Bw½Z †`q

L. is Ges Rš‘i eënvi GB mvwnZ¨ ixwZi êwkó¨

IV. iPwqZv

K. wKQz bvB eis fveev`xi bvg Ges †mRb¨ Zvi wcZvi cwiwPZ, c_~‡q‡ji cyÎ, 1:1 c`|

L. fveev`x m¤ú‡K© `ywU HwZn¨ i‡q‡Q:

1. iƒ‡e‡bi †Mvwô †_‡K (Pseudo-Epiphanius) 2. whn~`v †_‡K KviY gw›`‡ii iæwUb m¤‡Ü Zvi Ávb

V. ZvwiL

K. eBwUi mwVK ZvwiL ejvi †Kvb Dcvq †bB (G. Campbell Morgan e‡j‡Qb GUv wQj fveev`x‡ì g‡a¨ nq cÖvPxbZg bv nq

†klZg):

1. eBwUi wfZ‡ii NUbvejx Abymv‡i `ywU ZvwiL ejv †h‡Z cv‡i:

K. wbe©vmb-DËi ZvwiL:

1) GUv Aek¨B m¤úwK©Z n‡e whn~`vq Awfhv‡bi ûgKx c½cv‡ji gnvgvix iƒc‡Ki gva¨‡g|

2) 3:2 c` Bw½Z †`q †h B ªv‡qj Gi g‡a¨B wbe©vwmZ n‡q‡Q| ÒB ªv‡qjÓ bvgwU GLb whn~`vi Rb¨ eëüZ n‡”Q, 2:27;

3:1-2, 16 c`|

3) 3:6 c` ej‡Q GKRb MÖxK µxZ`vm evwY‡Rï K_v †hwU Bw½Z †`q GKwU wbe©vmb DËi Zvwi‡Li|

4) 3:1,17 c` Bw½Z †`q whn~`v Gi g‡a¨ wbe©vwmZ n‡q‡Q Ges Avevi Awfhv‡bi wec‡ì ûgKx‡Z Av‡Q †h‡nZz †m GKB

cvc K‡i P‡j‡Q|

5) †Kvb ivRvi K_v D‡jøwLZ nqwb †hwU Bw½Z †`q wbe©vmb DËi †cÖÿvc‡Ui| †hv‡qj Zvi evZ©v cÖvPxb I hvRK‡ì

D‡Ï‡k¨ e‡j‡Qb|

6) AwfhvbKvix‡ì ejv n‡q‡Q ÒDËi †`kxqÓ †hwU Bw½Z †`q †gv‡mvc‡Uwgqvi (Aïwiq, evwej, cvim¨) Awfhvb, 2:20

c`|

7) wbe©vmb c~e© evj †`‡ei Dcvmbvi êwkó¨‡K D‡jøL Kiv nqwb|

L. wbe©vmb c~e© ZvwiL:

1) g‡b nq gw›`‡ii D‡jøL i‡q‡Q, 1:9,13-14; 2:17 c`|

2) 3:4,6,8 c‡` kÎæi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q (ˆdwbwKqv, c‡jwóqv, B‡`vg, mvweqiv) GwU wbe©vmb c~e©, wbe©vmb Kvjxb bq|

2. Af¨šÍixY NUbvejx †_‡K:

K. K. wneªæ K¨vb‡b eBwUi Ae ’vb Bw½Z †`q wbe©vmb c~e© ZvwiL|

L. hwÌ GwU A‡gv‡li c‡i ivLv †h‡Z cvi‡Zv KviY Zviv Df‡qB ÒYHWH Gi w`bÓ Gi K_v e‡j‡Qb Ges c½cv‡ji

Awfhvb `‡Ûi cÖwZK wnmv‡e| GQvovI, GwU nj BwZevPK Avkxe©v‡ì cwi`k©b, wePvi bq| GwU Avm‡j wbe©vmb DËi

†cÖÿvc‡U Lvc Lvq|

3. †jLK g‡b K‡ib wbe©vmb DËi cÖv_wgK ZvwiL NUbvi m‡½ me‡P‡q fvj Lvc Lvq|

L. c¨v‡jóv‡bi Awfhv‡bi Dc‡i wfwË K‡i ZvwiL wb×©vi‡Yi ZË¡:

1. †hvqv‡mi ivRZ¡Kv‡j (Lªxó c~e© 837-800)

2. Dwl‡qi ivRZ¡Kv‡j (Lªxó c~e© 783-742)

3. wmw`wKqi ivRZ¡Kv‡j (Lªxó c~e© 598-586)

4. miæeŸvwe‡ji ivRZ¡Kv‡j (Lªxó c~e© 598)

5. gvjvwLi mgqKv‡j (Lªxó c~e© 430)

6. Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì fwel¨rKvjxb eschatological Awfhvb

M. mvwnZ¨MZ m¤úK© we`¨gvb:

1. †hv‡qj 3:32 Ges Iew`q 17 c‡ì g‡a¨| Zviv Df‡qB wbe©vmb DËi|

227

2. †hv‡qj 3:16 Ges Av‡gvl 1:2 c‡ì g‡a¨| †hv‡qj A‡bK fveev`x †_‡K D×…wZ w`‡q‡Qb, m¤¢eZ †hv‡qj Av‡gv‡li D×…wZ

K‡i‡Qb|

N. †hv‡q‡ji ZvwiL m¤ú‡K© John Calvin †ek fvj GKwU c‡q›U †`wL‡q‡Qb, Ò‡h‡nZz †hLv‡b †Kvb wbðqZv †bB GUv me‡P‡q fvj n‡e

†h mgq‡K †Q‡o †Ìqv †hwU wkÿv †`q AwggvswmZ; Avi Avgiv †hgb †`L‡ev, GwU †Kvb gnvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq| †nv‡kqi mgq bv Rvbv

n‡Z cv‡i cvVK‡ì GKwU eo ÿwZ, KviY A‡bK Ask i‡q‡Q †hwU BwZnv‡mi Ávb Qvov e¨vL¨v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i bv; wKš‘ †hgb

†hv‡q‡j Gi Lye KgB ìKvi, Zvi gZev‡ì RvbvUv nj cÖgvY, hvÌ Zvi ZvwiL AÁvZ I AwbwðZ|Ó

VI. HwZnvwmK Ae¯’vb Ñ wW‡m¤i 1915 m‡bi National Geographic cwÎKv (XXVIII, No. 6) wjwce× K‡i‡Q c¨v‡j÷vB‡b

c½cv‡ji gnvgvwi| GB cÖeÜwU LyeB mvnvh¨Kvix fveev`xi c‡ivÿ D‡jøL eyS‡Z|

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. AwfhvbiZ ˆmwbK‡ì cÖwZK cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix wnmv‡e GK fqvbK c½cv‡ji gnvgvwii `k©b, 1:1-2:27

L. m`vcÖfzi w`b n‡e Avkxe©v‡ì w`b Ck¦‡ii AbyZß †jvK‡ì Dc‡i Awfkvc bq, 2:28-3:21 (mdwbq wQ‡jb wVK Gi wecixZ)

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. fveev`x Zvi mg‡qi NUbv †`‡L‡Qb fwel¨r NUbvi Qvqv wnmv‡e|

L. †hv‡qj AbyZv‡ci Rb¨ GKwU RvwZq w`‡bi Avnevb Rvwb‡q‡Qb, 1:13-14; 2:12-17 c`|

M. hw` Ck¦‡ii †jv‡Kiv AbyZvc K‡i, Ck¦i ˆ`wnK I AvwZ¥K Dfq w`‡KB mg„wØi GK byZb w`b Avb‡eb (wØ we 27-28|)

N. Ck¦i Pvwiw`‡K RvwZMY‡K `Û †`‡eb! 3:1-17

O. AvwZ¥K bevq‡bi GB byZb w`b (2:28-29) Kvh©Ki n‡e:

1. cyiæl I gwnjv‡Z,

2. e× I hyeKM‡Y,

3. `vm I ¯vax‡b (†cÖwiZ 2; Mvjv 3:28)

P. Òm`vcÖfzi w`bÓ Av‡gvl, †hv‡qj Ges mdwb‡qi GKwU êwkó¨gq kã¸”Q| GLb Avgiv wKfv‡e Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ mvov cÖ vb Ki‡ev, wm×všÍ

wb‡Z n‡e hw` GwU GKwU Avkxe©v‡ì ev wePv‡ii w`b nq|

Q. 2:13 c‡` Ck¦‡ii PwiÎ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q 2:13 (hvÎv 34:6; MxZ 103:8-13 Ges bwn 9:17)|

R. 2:28-32 c‡ì AvZ¥v †X‡j †Ìqv cÖwZdwjZ K‡i byZb wbq‡gi hyM (whi 31:31-34 Ges whwn 36:26-27)|



1. ÒZvnvi kvLv mKj ïK¬ nBqv cwoqv‡Q,Ó 1:17 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. Òm`vcÖfzi w`b mwbœKU,Ó 1:15 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. Òwm‡qv‡b Z~ix evRvI,Ó 2:1,15 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. ÒAvcb Avcb e ¿ bv wPwoqv †Zvgvi AšÍKiY wPi,Ó 2:13(NASB Ges NIV)

5. K…cvgq I † œnkxj (hesed), 2:13 (NIV, ÒcÖPzi fvjevmvÓ) 6. ÒAvwg g‡Z©i Dc‡i Avcb AvZ¥v †X‡j †è,Ó 2:28 (†cÖwiZ 2:16 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`) (NIV, Ò...‡jvK‡ì Dc‡iÓ) 7. ÒAvi †h †Kn m`vcÖfzi bv‡g WvwK‡e †mB iÿv cvB‡e,Ó 2:32 (†cÖwiZ 2:21; †ivgxq 10:13|) (NIV ÒcÖ‡Z¨‡K hviv cÖfzi

bv‡g WvK‡e Zviv mK‡j D×vi cv‡eÓ) 8. ÒZvnviv Avgvi cÖRv‡ì Rb¨ ¸wjevU Kwiqv‡Q,Ó 3:3 (NASB Ges NIV)

9. Ò‡Zvgiv Avcb Avcb jv½‡ji dvj fvw½qv Lo&M Mo..Ó 3:10 (NASB Ges NIV)

228

L. e¨w³

1. me©kw³gvb (El Shaddai), 1:15

2. mvexqiv, 3:8


1. ‡mvi, 3:4 5. B‡`vg, 3:19

2. wm‡`vb, 3:4 6. wm‡qvb, 2:1

3. wdwjwóqv 7. wmwÆg DcZ¨Kv, 3:18 (NIV, Ò... AcaciasÓ) 4. heb (MÖxK)


1. 1:4 c‡ì c½cvj wK wfbœ iK‡gi c½cvj A_ev c½cv‡ji Rxeb-P‡µi wfbœ avc?

2. †Kb hvRK‡ì ejv n‡q‡Q †kvK Ki‡Z?

3. 1:15 c‡` eëüZ Ck¦‡ii bvgwU e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

4. 2 Aa¨v‡qi †Kvb ywU c` byZb wbq‡g eëüZ n‡q‡Q? Avi Kvi Øviv?

5. 3:15 c` wK AvÿwiK A_ev iƒcK Ges †Kb?

229

230

231

Av‡gvl cy Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO AMOS)

I. eBwUi bvg

K. eBwUi bvg fveev`xi bvgvbymv‡i|

L. Av‡gvl A_©:

1. Ò‡evSv nIqv|Ó

2. Ò‡evSv enb Ki|Ó

3. ÒeRvq ivLv|Ó

4. GKwU Rabbinical HwZn¨ ej‡Z †P÷v K‡i‡Q †h GUv Zv‡ì Øviv cÖ Ë Ggb GKwU Dcvwa wQj hviv Zvi evZ©vi we‡ivwaZv

Ki‡Zv, Bw½Z w`‡”Q †h wZwb ¯úó fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡Zb bv ev †ZvZjv wQ‡jb|

M. GwU †Kej gvÎ GB bv‡gi GKwU NUbv cyivZb wbq‡g|

II. K¨vbb KiY

K. GB eBwU ÒcieZx© fveev`xÓ wefv‡Mi Ask|

L. GwU Òev‡ivÓ Gi g‡a¨ GKwU, ÿz`ª fveev`x‡ì ZvwjKvq|

M. MT Øviv GwU ÿy`ª fveev`x‡ì g‡a¨ Z…Zxq ’v‡b, hwÌ LXX G‡K wØZxq ’vb w`‡q‡Q|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GwU nj wjwLZ fveev`x‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ_g|

L. GwU nj K¬vwmK¨vj wneªæ fveev`xev`| GwU nj PgrKvi wneªæ KweZv I Kíbvi GKwU D`vniY|

IV. iPwqZv

K. whn~`x HwZn¨ me mgqB ej‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Q †h †jLK n‡Z cv‡ib Z‡Kvqvi Av‡gvl|

L. gvbyl Av‡gvl:

1. wZwb wQ‡jb whn~`vi Z‡Kvqv wbevmx †hwU wQj †e_‡jn‡gi cÖvq cuvP gvBj `wÿY-c~‡e©|

3. wZwb fveev`x wQ‡jb bv ev †Kvb fveev`x cwiev‡ii ev mgv‡Ri Ask wQ‡jb (7:14)| g~jZ fveev`x GKmv‡_ mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ evm

Ki‡Zb| cieZx© †KD †KD RvqMvwUi bv‡g wPwýZ n‡qwQ‡jb|

4. `„k¨Z wZwb GKRb ‡QvU †glÓ cvjK wQ‡jb (1:1)| Zv‡K eY©bv Ki‡Z †h Uvg© eëüZ n‡q‡Q Zv `yj©f wKš‘ eëüZ n‡q‡Q †fovi

gvwjK wnmv‡e (2 ivRv 3:4)|

5. wZwb wQ‡jb: (1) dj evMv‡bi gvwjK; ev (2) Òmy‡Kvgi dj msMÖvnKÓ (7:14)| GUv AšÍf~©³ n‡Z cv‡i Ab¨ RvqMvq ermiv‡šÍ

’vbvšÍi| GB MvQ¸wj‡K e‡j Òfig mulberry|Ó dj¸wj A‡bKUv Wzgy‡ii gZ| GUv Aek¨B mwVK fv‡e cvKvi Rb¨ we× Ki‡Z

n‡Zv| GwU wQj wbKU cÖv‡Pï †jvK‡ì Rb¨ Lye ¸iæZ¡c~b© dmj| `vqy` Gi Rb¨ we‡kl ZË¡veavqK wb‡qvM K‡iwQ‡jb (1 esk

27:28)|

6. whn~`x HwnZ¨ e‡j wZwb eëmv‡q fvj KiwQ‡jb| GUv AvR‡Ki mvaviY „wófw½ †_‡K G‡Kev‡i Avjv`v †h wZwb GKRb Mixe

MÖvg¨ K…lK wQ‡jb| KviY Zvi KweZv I mvwn‡Zï Abb¨ `ÿZvi Rb¨ whn~`x HwZn¨ mwVK! Avgiv 2q kg~‡qj 14:2 c` †_‡K

K‡qKwU c` cvV Ki‡j Rvb‡Z cvwi †h Z‡Kvqv `„k¨Z cwiwPZ wQj Gi Ávbx bvMwiK‡ì Rb¨| wZwb B ªv‡q‡j cÖ_g fveev`x

wQ‡jb whwb Zvi evZ©v wjwce× K‡iwQ‡jb| jÿ¨ Kiæb first person, first person 5:1; 7:1-9; 8:1 and 9:1 c‡`|

7. wZwb B ªv‡q‡ji DËi iv‡R¨ cÖPvi K‡iwQ‡jb| Avgiv wbwðZ fv‡e Rvwb †h ê‡_j wQj cÖPvi GjvKv wKš‘ m¤¢eZ B ªv‡q‡ji AviI

A‡bK †fŠMwjK GjvKv wQj|

232

M. †jLKZ¡ mgm¨v Avm‡jB mgm¨vhy³ KviY:

1. eBwU Bw½Z †`q †h wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb `wi ª K…wl Kgx©|

2. c×wZ I KweZv Abb¨, Bw½Z †`q GKRb fvj wkwÿZ e¨w³i|

3. ejv n‡q‡Q Zvi e³…Zv †gŠwLK fv‡e †Ìqv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ †m¸wj Lye KvVv‡gvK…Z Ges mylg †hwU Bw½Z †`q wjwLZ e³…Zvi|

4. A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib †h Av‡gvl m¤úv`Kxq ev AbyjxwcKviK‡ì mvnvh¨ wb‡qwQ‡jb|

V. ZvwiL

K. GUv A‡cÿvK…Z mnR Zvi fveevYxi ZvwiL Kiv, Lªxó c~e© 750 Gi w`‡K, 10 eQi Gw`K Iw`K n‡Z cv‡i|

L. Av‡gv‡li cÖ_g c` nj me‡P‡q eo Ges †h †Kvb cyivZb wbq‡gi †h †Kvb eB‡qi ZvwiL Kivi †P‡q g~jëvb:

1. Dwlq ivRZ¡ K‡i‡Qb cÖvq 783-742 Lªxó c~‡e©i w`‡K (Bright) 2. 2q hviweqvg ivRZ¡ K‡i‡Qb cÖvq 786-746 Lªxó c~‡e©i w`‡K (Bright) 3. GQvov f~wgK¤ú eBwUi ZvwiL Kivi ‡Póvq mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q (1:1; 8:8; 9:1,5)| †hv‡ldvm G‡K m¤úwK©Z K‡i‡Qb 2q esk

26:16-21 c‡ì mv‡_ hLb Dwlq ewj`vb DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb| nv‡mv‡ii cÖZœZvwË¡K Aa¨qb GB e‡j Lªxó c~e© 760 Aã cÖvq

(Yadin, 1964)|

M. 5:8 Ges 8:9 c‡` P› ª-m~‡h©i MÖn‡Yi K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| GUv n‡Z cv‡i GKB NUbv †hwU Aïwiq Z_¨vejx‡Z D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q

†hwU N‡UwQj Ryb 15, 763 Lªxó c~‡e©, hwÌ, Avi GKwU m¤ú~Y© P› ª-m~‡h©i MÖnY n‡q‡Q †d«eyqvix 9, Lªxó c~e© 784 A‡ã|

N. Av‡gvl Agrwm‡qi m¤§yLvm¤§~Kx n‡qwQ‡jb, ê‡_‡ji ZLbKvi hvRK 2q hviweqv‡gi KZ…©‡Z¡i Aax‡b wQj, GwUB eBwUi ZvwiL K‡i‡Q

(7:10-17)|


K. mgvšÍivj evB‡e‡ji Dcv`vb cvIqv hvq:

1. 2 ivRv 14:3-17:6 4. whkvBq

2. 2 esk 25-28 5. wgLv

3. †nv‡kq

L. Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ cÖwZgvc~Rvi Ae ’vi mvaviY mvivsk †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i †nv‡kq‡Z:

1. 2:16, ÒAvgv‡K Avi evjx ewj‡e bvÓ

2. 4:12-13, Ò..Kb¨viv †ek¨vi KvR Ki‡e...Ó

3. 4:17, ÒBd«wqg cÖwZgvM‡Y Avm³; Zvnv‡K _vwK‡Z †ÌÓ

4. 13:2 Ò †jv‡Kiv †Mvermw`M‡K Py¤b Kwiqv‡Q!Ó (ag©vbyôvb)

M. mvgvwRK Ae ’vb

1. GUv B ªv‡qj I whn~`v Df‡qi Rb¨ A_©‰bwZK mg„w× I mvgwiK we Ív‡ii Rb¨ mgq wQj| hwÌ, GB mg„w× †KejgvÎ abxK †kÖYxi

Rb¨ DcKvix n‡qwQj| Mix‡eiv †kvwlZ nw”Qj Ges Ab¨v‡qi wkKvi nw”Qj| GUv cÖvq g‡b nq †h ÒA_© Ges e›`yKÓ AwZwi³

cÖwZgv n‡q c‡owQj!

2. mvgvwRK w ’iZv I mg„w× B ªv‡qj I whn~`v Df‡qi Kv‡QB m¤úwK©Z wQj †ek K‡qKwU Kvi‡Y:

K. DË‡i 2q hviweqv‡gi (Lªxó c~e© 786-746) Ges `wÿ‡Y Dwl‡qi ( Lªxó c~e© 783-742) w`N© I mg„w×kvjx ivR‡Z¡|

L. wgki I †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi mvgwiK Aebg‡b|

M. 802 Lªxó c~‡e© 3q A``-wbivix Øviv Aïwiqiv wmwiqv‡K civwRZ KiY|

N. B ªv‡qj I whn~`vi g‡a¨Kvi Ø‡›Øi Afve|

O. DËi †_‡K `wÿ‡Y c¨v‡j÷vB‡bi fzwgi †mZzi g‡a¨ w`‡q evwYR¨ c‡_i Kiv‡ivc Ges my‡hv‡Mi eënv‡ii Kvi‡Y ªæZ

A_¨‰bwK mg„w×, GgbwK abxK †kÖYxi AwgZe¨vwqZv †e‡owQj|

3. ÒOstraca of SamariaÓ hvi ZvwiL 2q hviweqv‡gi ivRZ¡Kvj g‡b nq D‡jøL Ki‡Q GKwU cÖkvmwbK msMV‡bi A‡bKUv

k‡jvg‡bi Abyiƒc| GwU g‡b nq wbwðZ Ki‡Q ÒAv‡QÓ Ges ÒAfveÓ Gi g‡a¨ eo ai‡Yi ïb¨ ’vb|

4. Av‡gv‡l abx‡ì AmZZv my®úófv‡e wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q, hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q ÒmvgvwRK b¨vh¨Zvi fveev`x|Ó wePvivj‡qi Nyl ‡jb‡`b

Ges eëmv‡q IR‡b KviPzwc nj `ywU my¯úó Am`vPi‡Yi D`vniY hv B ªv‡qj I whn~`v Dfq ’v‡bB Lye mvaviY wQj|

233

N. agx©q Ae ’vb

1. GwU wQj evwn¨K ag©K‡g©i GK `viæb mgq wKš‘ Zvi g‡a¨ wQj Lye mvgvb¨ wek¦vm| Kbvbxq‡ì De©iZvi Avivabv B ªv‡qjxq a‡g©i

g‡a¨ AšÍcÖweó n‡qwQj| †jv‡Kiv wQj cÖwZgvc~RK wKš‘ Zviv G‡K ej‡Zv YHWHism| Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì ivR‰bwZK H‡Kï

cÖwZ AvMÖn Zv‡ì‡K †cŠËwjK Avivabv I Abykxj‡b AšÍ©f~³ K‡iwQj|

2. 2q ivRv 17:7-18 c‡` B ªv‡qjxq‡ì cÖwZgvc~Rv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|

K. 8 c`, Zviv Kbvbxq‡ì Avivabvi Abykxjb AbymiY Ki‡Zv|

1) De©iZvi Avivabv

K) D”P ’jx, 9,10,11 c`

L) cweÎ Í¤¢ (Baal), 10,16 c`

M) Av‡kiv, 16 c` G¸wj wQj ev‡ji gwnjv mw½i Kv‡Vi cÖwZK| †m¸wj nq †Lv`vB Kiv bv nq Rxeš‘ MvQ|

2) AwZ‡jŠwKK Aš©Í „wó, 17 c` GB wel‡q †jexq 19-20 Ges wØ we 18 Aa¨v‡q wek` Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

L. 16 c`, Zviv µgvMZ `ywU †mvbvi †Mver‡mi Avivabv KiwQj, †hwU YHWH Gi cÖwZwKKiY K‡iwQj, 1g hviweqvg Øviv

`vb I ê‡_‡j ’vcb Kiv n‡qwQj (1 ivRv 12:28-29)|

M. 16 c`, Zviv evwe‡ji AvKv‡ki †èZv‡ì Avivabv Ki‡Zv: m~h©, P›`ª, ZviKv Ges bÿÎcy‡Äi|

N. 18 c`, Zviv ˆdwbwKqvi De©iZvi AvMb †èZv †gvj‡Ki Avivabv Ki‡Zv (†jexq 18:21; 20:2-5)|

3. Baalism (cf. W. F. Albright's Archaeology and the Religion of Israel, page 82ff)|

K. Avgv‡ì m‡e‡P‡q fvj Drm nj ÒDMvwi‡Ui evj gnvKve¨|Ó

1) evj‡K wPwÎZ Kiv n‡q‡Q FZz Abymv‡i gviv hvq Ges Avevi Rxeb cvIqv GKRb †èZv wnmv‡e| †m Mot Øviv

civwRZ nq Ges cvZv‡j Zv‡K ew›` K‡i ivLv nq| c„w_exi mKj Rxeb iæ× n‡q hvq| wKš‘, gwnjv †èx‡ì mvnv‡h¨

wZwb RxweZ n‡q I‡Vb Ges cÖwZ em‡šÍ Mot †K civwRZ K‡ib| †m wQj GKRb De©©iZvi †èZv whwb hv`yi AbyKzwZ

Øviv AvivwaZ n‡Zb|

2) wZwb AviI n`` bv‡g cwiwPZ|

L. El n‡jb Kbvbxq †èZv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖavb wKš‘ evj RbwcÖqZvq Zvi ’vb‡K `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQj|

M. C‡lej Øviv Tyrian Baalism G B ªv‡qj me‡P‡q †ewk cÖfvweZ n‡qwQj †h wQj †mv‡ii ivRvi †g‡q| Zv‡K Aw¤ª Zvi

cyÎ Avnv‡ei Rb¨ †e‡Q wb‡qwQj|

N. B ªv‡q‡ji ev‡ji Avivabv Kiv n‡Zv ’vbxq D”P ’jx‡Z| Zv‡K cÖwZwKKib Kiv n‡q‡Q GKwU Dj¤¢ cv_i Øviv| Zvi mw½ wQj

Av‡kiv, †hwU cÖwZwKKiY n‡qwQj †Lv`vB Kiv Kv‡Vi LywU hv cÖwZwKKiY Ki‡Zv Rxeb Mv‡Qi|

4. †ek wKQz Drm Ges cÖKv‡ii cÖwZgvc~Rv D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q|

K. 1g hviweqvg Øviv `vb I ê‡_‡j †mvbvi †Mverm ’vcb K‡i YHWH Gi Avivabv Kiv|

L. Tyrian De©iZvi †è I †èZvi Avivabv Kiv n‡Zv ’vbxq D”P ’wj‡Z|

M. Avek¨Kxq cÖwZgvc~Rv AšÍ©f~³ wQj †mB mbg‡qi ivR‰bwZK H‡K¨|

O. DË‡ii ivR‰bwZK Ae ’vb

1. 2q hviweqvg wQ‡jb B ªv‡qj †kl kw³kvjx ivRv| wZwb wQ‡jb †hûi †Mvwôi PZz_© Ges fveevYx Kiv †kl ivRZ¡ (2 ivRv

10:30)| wZwb wQ‡jb `xN© Ges ivR‰bwZK fv‡e mdj ivRZ¡Kvix (Lªxó c~e© 786-746)|

2. 2q hviweqv‡gi g„Zzï c‡i 25 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †mLv‡b Qq ivRv ivRZ¡ K‡ib|

K) mLwiq (2q ivRv 15:8-12)| Qq gv‡mi g‡a¨ wZwb ¸ß NvZ‡Ki nv‡Z wbnZ nb|

L) kjø~g (2q ivRv 15:13-15)| GK gv‡mi g‡a¨ wZwb ¸ß NvZ‡Ki nv‡Z wbnZ nb|

M) gb‡ng (2q ivRv 15:16-22)| wZwb `k ermi ivRZ¡ K‡ib wKš‘ 3q wZMør-wc‡jlm‡K weivU As‡Ki Ki w`‡Zb|

N) †cKn (2q ivRv 15:23-26)| wZwb `yB ermi ivRZ¡ K‡ib Ges ¸ß NvZ‡Ki nv‡Z wbnZ nb| wZwb Aïwiq‡ì Kv‡Q †ek

K‡qKwU bMi nvivb|

O) †nv‡kq (2q ivRv 15:30, 17:1-6)| wZwb bq ermi ivRZ¡ K‡ib Ges 722 A‡ã kgwiqvi cZ‡bi mgq wZwb Aïwiq‡ì

Øviv wbe©vwmZ nb|

3. mswÿß mvivsk 8g kZ‡K Aïwiq I evwewjq‡ì mvgwiK Awfhv‡bi hv c¨v‡j÷vBb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj:

K) 8g kZ‡Ki PviRb fveev`x Aïwiq UvBwMÖm-BD‡d«wUm mv¤ªv‡Rï DËv‡bi mg‡q ivRZ¡ Ki‡Zb| Ck¦i GB wbôzi RvwZ‡K

Zuvi †jvK‡ì `Û †èvi Rb¨ eënvi Ki‡eb, we‡kl K‡i B ªv‡qj| wbw`©ó NUbv wQj UvÝ-R ©vb ivR‰bwZK I mvgwiK HK¨

MVb hv cwiwPZ bv‡g "Syro-Ephramatic League" (Lªxó c~e© 735)| wmwiqv I B ªv‡qj †Rvi K‡i‡Q whn~`x‡K †hb

Aïwiqvi weiæ‡× Zv‡ì mv‡_ †hvM †`q| cwie‡Z© Avnm GKwU wPwV cvVv‡jb Aïwiqvi Kv‡Q mvnv‡hï Rb¨| cÖ_g kw³kvjx

mv¤ªvR¨ gvbwmKZvi Aïwiq ivRv 3q wZMør-wc‡jli (Lªxó c~e© 745-727), GB mvgwiK P¨v‡j‡Äi cÖwZ mvov cÖ vb K‡ib

Ges wmwiqv Awfhvb K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z, B ªv‡q‡j Aïwiqvi cyZzj ivRv †nv‡kq (Lªxó c~e© 732-722), we‡`ªvn K‡ib, Zviv

mvnv‡hï Av‡e`b K‡ib wgk‡ii Kv‡Q| 5g kjg‡bli (Lªxó c~e© 727-722) Avevi B ªv‡q‡j Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib|

B ªv‡qj AaxbZv ¯xKvi Kivi Av‡MB wZwb g„ZzëiY K‡ib wKš‘ Zvi DËim~ix, 2q mviMb (Lªxó c~e© 722-705) B ªv‡q‡ji

234

ivRavbx kgwiqv Lªxó c~e© 722 A‡ã AwaKvi K‡ib| GB mg‡q Aïwiqiv cÖvq 27000 R‡biI †ewk B ªv‡qjxq‡K wbe©vwmZ

K‡i †hgb Gi Av‡M Lªxó c~e© 732 A‡ã wZMør-wc‡jli nvRvi nvRvi wbe©vwmZ K‡iwQ‡jb|

L) ivRv Avn‡mi g„Zzï c‡i (Lªxó c~e© 735-715) Aïwiqvi weiæ‡× Avi GKwU mvgwiK HK¨ MwVZ nq UªvÝ-R`©vb †`kmg~n I

wgk‡ii mgš‡q (Lªxó c~e© 714-711)| GwU cwiwPZ "Ashdod Rebellion" bv‡g| A‡bK whn~`x bMi asm n‡q hvq hLb

Aïwiqv Avevi Awfhvb Pvjvq| cÖ_g w`‡K wnw¯‹q GB HK¨‡K mg_©b K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘ c‡i Zvi mg_©b Zz‡j wb‡qwQ‡jb|

M) hwÌ, Avi GKwU HK¨ Lªxó c~e© 705 A‡ã Aïwiqvi kw³kvjx ivRv 2q mviM‡Yi g„Zzï c‡i my‡hvM †bevi †Póv K‡iwQj,

hv‡ì mv‡_ hy³ n‡qwQj A‡bK we‡ ªvnx †hwU mgMÖ Aïwiqv e¨vwc N‡UwQj| wnw¯‹q m¤ú~Y© fv‡e GB we‡ ªv‡n Ask MÖnY

K‡iwQ‡jb| GB P¨v‡j‡Äi Av‡jv‡K mb‡nwie (Lªxó c~e© 705-681) c¨v‡jóvb (Lªxó c~e© 701) Awfhvb Pvjvb Ges

whiƒkv‡j‡gi wbK‡U wkwei ’vcb K‡ib (2q ivRv 18-19; whkv 36-39) wKš‘ Zvi ˆmbïv A‡jŠwKK fv‡e Ck¦‡ii Øviv asm

n‡q hvq| GLv‡bi cwÛZ‡ì g‡a¨ wKQz cÖkœ i‡q‡Q †h mb‡nwie KZevi c¨v‡jóvBb Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡iwQ‡jb ( D`vniY

¯iƒc: John Bright Lªxó c~e© 701 A‡ã GKwU Awfhv‡bi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb Ges m¤¢eZ Avi GKwU Lªxó c~e© 688 A‡ã,

c„óv..270)| wnw¯‹q Aïwiq‡ì `Lj †_‡K iÿv cvb wKš‘ evwejwbq cÖwZwbwa‡ì Kv‡Q whn~`vi m¤ú‡ì AnsKvix cÖ k©‡bi

Kvi‡Y, whkvBq fwel¨revYx K‡iwQ‡jb evwe‡ji Kv‡Q whn~`vi cZ‡bi(39:1-8)| Lªxó c~e© 587-586 A‡ã beyL`wbrm‡ii

Kv‡Q whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZb N‡U|

N) whkvBq AviI fwel¨revYx K‡iwQ‡jb gv`xq-cvi‡mï kvmK 2q †Kvi‡mi Aax‡b Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì cyb:cÖwZôvi (41:2-4;

44:28; 45:1; 56:11)| evwe‡ji Kv‡Q Lªxó c~e© 612 A‡ã wbbwei cZb N‡U wKš‘ evwe‡ji cZb N Lªxó c~e© 539 A‡ã

†Kvi‡mi †mbvevwnwb nv‡Z| †Kvim GKwU Av‡`k Rvwi K‡ib †h whn~`x mn mKj wbe©vwmZ †jv‡Kiv, hvi hvi †`‡k wd‡i

†h‡Z cvi‡e| GgbwK wZwb Zvi ivR‡Kvl †_‡K RvwZq gw›ì cybwbg©v‡bi Rb¨ A_© eivÏI K‡iwQ‡jb|

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. RvwZi weiæ‡× Awf‡hvM 1:1-2:3 (m¤¢eZ 2:16 c` ch©šÍ)

1. wmwiqv (`‡¤§kK), 1:3-5

2. c‡jwóq (MvRv), 1:6-8

3. ‰dwbwKqv (†mvi), 1:9-10

4. B‡`vg, 1:11-12

5. A‡¤§vb, 1:13-15

6. †gvqve, 2:1-3

L. Ck¦‡ii weiæ‡× we‡kl Awf‡hvM, 2:4-6:14

1. whn~`v, 2:4-5

2. B ªv‡qj, 2:6-6:14 (B ªv‡q‡ji Dc‡i `‡Ûi cÖm½ 6:14 c` ch©šÍ)

M. `‡Ûi `k©b, 7:1-9:10

1. c½cvj, 7:1-3

2. Av¸b, 7:4-6

3. Ijb †iLv, 7:7-17

4. MÖx‡®§i dj, 8:1-14

5. GKwU cweÎ ’v‡bi asm, 9:1-10

N. gkxn welqK Avkv, 9:11-15

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. Av‡gvl †gvwki wbqg jsN‡bi Rb¨ B ªv‡q‡ji Dc‡ii Bk¦‡i †µva m¤úwK©Z wQ‡jb| Avgv‡ì Dcjwä Kiv ìKvi †h cyivZb wbq‡g

†hŠ_ fv‡e `vwqZ¡ I e¨w³MZ wek¦v‡mi g‡a¨Kvi m¤úK©| Avgv‡ì i‡q‡Q mgvwRK cv‡ci mgm¨v †hgb B ªv‡qj K‡iwQj, hwÌ, cÖvqB

Avgv‡ì g‡b ywU gvb`Û weivR K‡i:

1. Avgv‡ì e¨w³MZ wbR¯ Rxeb I wek¦vm;

2. Avgv‡ì †hŠ_, mvgvwRK Rxeb|

L. Ck¦‡ii mve©‡fŠgZ¡ c„w_exi me wKQzi Dc‡i hv nj wbq‡gi B ªv‡q‡ji evB‡i RvwZM‡Yi Dc‡i YHWH Gi wePv‡ii †cÖÿvcU| GUv

nj B ªv‡q‡ji GK Ck¦iev` Dcjwäi wfwË|

235

M. 2:9-12 c`, B ªv‡q‡ji weiæ‡× Ck¦‡ii wePvi Avgv‡ì Aek¨B †`L‡Z n‡e BwZnv‡m Zuvi AbyMÖ‡ni Kv‡Ri Av‡jv‡K| Ck¦‡ii wbe©vPb

Ges B ªv‡q‡ji mv‡_ wbqg Zuvi fqsKi wePv‡ii gÂ cÖ ‘Z K‡i‡Q| GUv Aek¨B ¯§i‡Y ivL‡Z n‡e †h Òhv‡K hZ ‡ewk †Ìqv n‡e,

Zvi Kv‡Q ZZ †ewk PvIqv n‡eÓ (j~K 12:48)

N. 5 Aa¨v‡q hy³ wek¦vm Ges Rxeb c„_K Kiv hvq bv! Av‡gvl `wi ª‡ì †kvl‡bi Rb¨ abx‡ì †`vlvic K‡i‡Qb|

O. B ªv‡qj åvšÍ fv‡e wbf©i Ki‡Zv:

4. Zvi ag© 4:4-5; 5:21-23)|

5. Zvi A_©‰bwZK mg„w× (6:1 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`)|

6. Zvi mvgwiK kw³, (2:14-16; 6:1

L

, 13)

P. B ªv‡q‡ji wek¦vmnxbZvi g‡aÏ Ck¦‡ii wbq‡gi g‡a¨ Avkv wQj, Ck¦‡ii gkxn, 9:8

L

-15||


K. Uvg© Ges/A_ev/kã¸”Q

1. Òf~wgK¤ú,Ó 1:1 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. ÒcÖvPxi,Ó 1:7 (NIV, Ò`yM©Ó)

3. ÒivR`Û,Ó 1:8 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. ÒB‡`v‡gi ivRvi Aw ’ `»,Ó 2:1 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. ÒGK †Rvov cv`yKvi Afve,Ó 2:6; 8:6 (NASB Ges NIV) 6. †ewì k„sM,Ó 3:14 (NASB Ges NIV) 7. Ònw Í ‡šÍi M„n,Ó 3:15 (NIV Ònw Í `‡šÍ M„n mw¾ZÓ) 8. ÒAvwg †Zvgv‡ì Drme mKj N„Yv Kwi, AMÖvn¨ Kwi,Ó 5:21 (NASB Ges NIV)

9. cyó cï, 5:22 (NIV, Ò†e‡Q †bIqv mnfvwMZvi DrmM©Ó)

10. Ijb †iLv, 7:7 (NASB Ges NIV) 11. Òkgwiqvi cvc,Ó 8:14 (NIV Òkgwiqvi j¾vÓ)

L. e¨w³

1. bvmwiq, 2:12

2. evm‡bi Mvfx mKj, 4:1

3. wejvc-wbcyb,Ó 5:16 (NIV, Ò†kvKKvixivÓ)

4. Sikkuth, 5:26 (NIV ÒcweÎ ’jÓ)

5. Kiyyun, 5:26 (NIV Òcv`cxVÓ)

6. Agrwbq, 7:10

7. 2q hviweqvg, 7:10

8. `k©K, 7:12


1. Z‡Kvqv, 1:1

2. Kwg©j, 1:2

3. wMwjq`, 1:3

4. llv, 1:6

5. Am‡`v`, 1:8

6. Aw¯‹‡jvb, 1:8

7. B‡µvY, 1:8

8. wZgb, 1:12

9. emiv, 1:12

10. ieŸv, 1:14

11. ‰e‡_j, 4:4

12. wMjMj, 4:4

236

13. m‡`vg, 4:11

14. †ei‡mev, 5:5

15. nvgv_, 6:14

16. `vb, 8:14


1. Av‡gvl wK GKRb `wi`ª MÖvg¨ K…lK wQ‡jb bv abx eëmvqx?

2. Avgv‡ì e¨w³MZ cvc A_ev Avgv‡ì mgvwRK cv‡ci Rb¨ Avgiv `vwq?

3. 3:2-8 c‡` wK ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q?

4. †Kb ê‡_j I wMjMj Awfhy³? 4:4-5 c‡` †Kb agx©q KvR Kg© Awfhy³?

5. ‡Kb Ck¦i B ªv‡q‡ji DrmM© AMÖvn¨ K‡i‡Qb?

6. 5:25-26 c` †Kb e¨vL¨v Kiv Lye KwVb?

7. Av‡gvl wK Drm‡M©i c×wZ‡K †`vlvic K‡iwQ‡jb?

8. Ck¦i wK Zuvi gb cwieZ©b K‡i‡Qb?

9. wKfv‡e AbyZvc ÿgvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? (7 Aa¨vq)

10. Ck¦‡ii wePvi wK RvMwZK bv eschatological?

237

238

239

Iew`q cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO OBADIAH)

I. eBwUi bvg


L. bv‡gi A_© Ò YHWH Gi `vmÓ

M. GwU wQj GKwU cÖPwjZ wneªæ bvg (1 ivR 18:3; 1 esk 3:12; 7:3; 8:38; 9:16,44; 12:9; 27:19; 2 esk 17:7; 34:12; Blªv

8:9; bwn 10:5; 12:25

II. K¨vbb KiY

K. GB eBwU cieZx© fveev`x wefv‡Mi AskÓ (Dc‡`kK 49:10)

L. GwU Òev‡ivÓ `‡ji ÿz`ª fveev`x‡ì g‡a¨ (Baba Bathra 14b)

1. whkvBq, whiwgq Ges whwR‡¯‹‡ji gZ, †m¸wj GKwU ¸Uv‡bv cy Í‡K Ave× n‡q hvq

2. ev‡iv es‡ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZwK msL¨v

3. cÖwZdwjZ K‡i eBwUi mgqvbyµ‡gi HwZn¨MZ `„wófw½|

M. Òev‡ivÓ ev ÿz`ª fveev`x‡ì k„sLjv A‡bK cwÛZ‡ì hy³ K‡i‡Q mgvqvbyµwgK avivevwnKZvq| hwÌ, GB „wófw½‡Z mgm¨v i‡q‡Q:

1. MT Ges LXX Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_g QqwU eB‡Z cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|

MT LXX ‡nv‡kq ‡nv‡kq

‡hv‡qj Av‡gvl

Av‡gvl wgLv

Iew`q ‡hv‡qj

‡hvbv Iew`q

wgLv ‡hvbv

2. Af¨šÍixY NUbvejx mgqvbyµ‡g Av‡gvl‡K †nv‡kqi Av‡M †i‡L‡Q

3. ‡hv‡q‡ji ZvwiL LyeB weZwK©Z| Avwg Zv‡K ZvwjKvfz³ K‡iwQ Iew`‡qi mv‡_ wbe©vmb DËi fveev`x wnmv‡e

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ ÑÑ K¬vwmK¨vj wneªæ KweZv

IV. iPwqZv

K. fveev`x m¤ú‡K© wKQzB Rvbv hvq bv

L. †ek K‡qKwU ZË¡ :

1. gnvmfv 39

L

(Talmud) e‡j‡Q wZwb ivRv Avn‡ei `vm wQ‡jb 1 ivRv 18:3-16

2. Pseudo-Epiphanius (cÖv_wgK gÛjx) Zvi Òfveev`xi RxebÓ e‡j‡Q wZwb wQ‡jb ivRv Anwm‡qi (Lªxó c~e© 842) GKRb

D”P c` ’ mvgwiK Kg©KZ©v 2 ivRv 1:12 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`

3. John Calvin e‡j‡Qb wZwb whiƒkv‡jg as‡mi GKRb cÖZ¨ÿ`kx© wQ‡jb (2q beyL`wbrmi ev evwej Øviv 586 Lªxó c~‡e©)

M. bvg n‡Z cv‡i GKwU Dcvwa|

V. ZvwiL

K. GB eBwU fvlvMZ fv‡e whiwgq 49:7-12 (Iew`q 1-9 c`) Ges †hv‡qj 3:32 c‡ì (Iew`q 10 c`) mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z:

240

1. E. J. Young GB k„sLjvq eBwU †i‡L‡Qb: Iew`q, whiwgq

2. R. K Harrison GB k„sLjvq eB¸wj †i‡L‡Qb: Iew`q, whiwgq

3. Keil GB k„sLjvq eB¸wj †i‡L‡Qb: Iew`q, †hv‡qj,whiwgq

L. GUv ¯úó †h eBwU whn~`vi Awfhvb Ges B‡`vwgq‡ì Øviv whiƒkv‡j‡gi nqivwYi Kivi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| wKQz m¤¢ve¨ ZvwiL nj:

1. inweqv‡gi 5g erm‡i wgk‡ii d‡iŠY, wkk‡Ki Øviv whiƒkv‡jg `Lj, Lªxó c~e© 922-915 Aã| (1 ivRv 14:25-28: 2 esk

12:2-10)|

2. wh‡nviv‡gi ivR‡Z¡i mg‡q whiƒkv‡jg `Lj n‡qwQj Avie jxM I c‡jwóq Øviv, 849-842 Lªxó c~e© (2 ivRv 8:20 †_‡K K‡qKwU

c`; 2 esk 21:16-17; 22:1 c`|

3. †hvqv‡mi ivR‡Z¡i mg‡q whiƒkv‡jg `Lj n‡qwQj wmwiq‡ì Øviv, 837-800 Lªxó c~e© (2 esk 24:23-24)|

4. Agrwm‡qi ivR‡Z¡i mg‡q B ªv‡qjxqiv (wh‡nvqvnm) whiƒkv‡jg `Lj K‡iwQj B‡`vwgq‡ì civwRZ Kivi c‡i (2 ivRv 14:7-14

(842 Lªxó c~e©)

5. B‡`vwgq‡ì Øviv whn~`v AvµvšÍ (2 esk 28:17; 19:8-9; 2 ivRv 16:1-20)|

6. beyL`wbrmi ‡ek K‡qKevi whiƒkv‡jg `Lj K‡iwQ‡jb, Lªxó c~e© 605, 597, 586, 582 Aã:

K. Lªxó c~e© 605, wh‡nvqvKx‡gi ivRZ¡ (`vwb 1:1-2)

L. Lªxó c~e© 597, wh‡nvqvKx‡bi ivRZ¡ (2 ivRv 24:8-17; 2 &sk 36:9-10; whwn‡¯‹j

M. Lªxó c~e© 586, wmw`wK‡qi ivRZ¡ (2 ivRv 24:18-25:21; 2 esk 36:11-21; wejvc; MxZ 137:7

N. Lªxó c~e© 582, M`wjq evwewjq kvmbKZ©v (2 ivRv 25:22-26)

M. cwÛ‡Ziv ywU ZvwiL mg_©b K‡i‡Qb:

1. wh‡nviv‡gi ivR‡Z¡i cÖ_g w`‡Ki ZvwiL (Lªxó c~e© 849-842) KviY:

K. eBwU Ae ’vb Òev‡ivÓ Gi g‡a¨

(1) 8g kZ‡Ki `j wefvM: Av‡gvl, †nv‡kq, wgLv, (†hv‡qj?) Ges Iew`q

(2) 7g kZ‡Ki `j wefvM: bûg, neKK~K Ges mdwbq

(3) wbe©vmb DËi `j wefvM: nMq, mLwiq Ges gvjvwL

L. Iew`q gw›`‡ii asm D‡jøL K‡ib bvB

M. RvwZM‡Yi D‡jøL wbe©vmb c~e©, wbe©vmb DËi bq

N. cvc †h¸wj 8g kZ‡Ki fveev`x‡ì D‡jøL Kiv me¸wjB GKB iKg wQj

O. ‡Kvb AivwgK kã, evMaviv ev cÖKvk †bB

2. cieZx© Kv‡ji ZvwiL †hwU m¤úwK©Z 2q beyL`wbrm‡ii whiƒkv‡jg Awfhv‡bi mv‡_

K. 11-14 c` g‡b nq 586 Lªxó c~‡e© whiƒkv‡jg cZ‡bi mv‡_ Lvc Lvq

L. GB Awfhv‡b B‡`vg Ask MÖnY K‡iwQj

(1) whn~`vi cZ‡b Djøvm

K) MxZ 137:7

L) wejvc 2:15-17; 4:21

M) whwn 36:2-6

N) 1 GWivm 4:45,50

(2) whn~`vi cZ‡b mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj:

K) whwn 25:12-14

L) whwn 35:1-5


K. B‡`vg, fveevYxi welq, 1-9, 18, 21 c`

1. giæ mvM‡ii c~‡e© hv‡Kv‡ei fvB G‡mŠ †_‡K B‡`vg RvwZ (Avw` 25-29; 32-33)| B‡`vg A_© ÒjvjÓ hLY G‡mŠ A_© Ò‡jvgkÓ

(Avw` 25:25,30)|

2. B ªv‡qj‡K Av‡`k Kiv n‡q‡Q B‡`vg‡K m¤§vb Ki‡Z (wØ we 23:7)

3. B ªv‡qj I B‡`v‡gi wbiwew”Qbœ mgm¨v wQj:

K. MYbv, 20:14-21

L. wePvi 11:16-17

M. 1 kg~ 14:47-48

N. 2 kg~ 8:14

O. 1 ivRv 11:14-25

241

P. 2 ivRv 14:22; 16:5-6

Q. 2 esk 20:10-30; 21:8 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`

R. Av‡gvl 1:6,9

4. B‡`v‡gi weiæ‡× Ab¨vb¨ fveevYx:

K. whkv 34:5 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 63:63:1 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`

L. whiwgq 49:7-22

M. wejvc 4:21-22

N. whwn‡¯‹j 26:12 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 35:1 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 36:2-6

O. Av‡gvl 1:11-12

P. B‡`vg Awfhy³ n‡qwQj KviY:

K. Zvi AnsKvi, 3-4 c`

(1) †fŠMwjK wbivcËv

(2) ivR‰bwZK HK¨ I mvgwiK kw³

(3) evwY‡R¨ mg„w×

(4) HwZn¨MZ cÖÁv

L. whn~`v, Zvi AvZ¥x‡qi cÖwZ AeÁv, 10-14 c`

(1) whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZ‡b Avb›` (wejvc 2:15-17; 4:21)

(2) mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z A¯xKvi (15 c`)

(3) kÎæi mwµq mvnvh¨ (14 c`)

(4) whn~`vi m¤úwË wb‡q †bIqv (whi 13:19)

M. YHWH †K Zvi cÖZ¨vLvb Ges Ae‡njv (16 c`)

L. B‡`vg nj mKj RvwZi Rb¨ cÖwZK hviv Ck¦i I Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì weiæ‡× we‡ ªvn Ki‡e, 15-21 c` (MxZ 2)|

M. m¤¢ve¨ fveevYxi HwZnvwmK cwic~Y©Zv

1. whiƒkv‡jg cZ‡bi cÖvq 5 eQi c‡i Lªxó c~e© 580 A‡ã be¨ evwewjq‡ì Øviv B‡`v‡gi asm|

2. Lªxó c~e© 550-449 A‡ãi w`‡K Petra †_‡K Nabatean Arab Øviv B‡`v‡gi ’vbPz¨wZ, (gvjvwL 1:2-5)| bwnwg‡qi Pvwiw`‡Ki

kÎæi ZvwjKvq B‡`v‡gi bvg D‡jøwLZ nqwb wKš‘ Gi cwie‡Z© Aviexq †Mvwôi bvg| B‡`vg †b‡M‡f ’vbvšÍwiZ n‡qwQj|

3. Lªxó c~e© 312 A‡ã A‡j·RvÛv‡ii †mbvcwZ Gw›U‡Mvbv‡mi Øviv B‡`v‡gi civRq (Diodorus Seculus G wjwce×)

4. Lªxó c~e© 175 A‡ãi w`‡K †b‡M‡f whn~`v g¨v°vex Øviv D‡`v‡gi civRq (1 g¨v°vex 5:3,15; 2 g¨v°vex 10:15; †hv‡ldv‡mi

Antiquities of the Jews 12:8:1; 13:9:1

5. Lªxó c~e© 125 A‡ã John Hyrcanus Øviv B‡`vgxq‡ì whn~`x ag© MÖn‡Y eva¨ Kiv| GLb Zv‡ì‡K ejv nq B‡`vgxq|

6. ‡ivgxq †mbvcwZ, UvBUvm, 70 m‡b m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c B‡`vgxq cÖfve asm K‡iwQ‡jb|

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK mswÿß iƒc‡iLv MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q Allen Gi Ò‡hv‡qj, Iew`q, †hvbv, Ges wgLvÓ Gi Dc‡i The New International Commentary wmwiR †_‡K, c„...142

K. B‡`v‡gi asm (2-9)

1. B‡`v‡gi AebwZ (2-4)

2. B‡`vg‡K m¤ú~Y© fv‡e c`vbZ Kiv (5,6)

3. B‡`v‡gi H‡Kï mv‡_ wek¦vm f½ (7)

4. B‡`v‡gi cÖÁv I †hv×v nviv‡bv, 8,9)

L. B‡`v‡gi fzj KvR (10-14, 15

L

)

1. B‡`v‡gi AåvZ…m„jf AvPiY (10,11)

3. B‡`v‡gi Dcnvm eiv (12)

4. B‡`v‡gi jsNb (13)

5. B‡`v‡gi †hŠ_ cÖ‡Póv I Avmbœ cÖwZ‡kva (14, 15

L

)

M. Yahweh Gi w`‡b B‡`vg (15

L

, 16-21)

1. Yahweh Gi w`b (15

L

, 16)

242

2. Aewkóvs‡ki fzwgKv (17,21)

3. whn~`xqvi Av¸b Ges B‡`vgxq k‡lï KYv (18)

4. †`k cybiæ×vi (19-20)

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. Ck¦‡ii kÎæ Ges Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì kÎæiv kvw Í cÖvß n‡e| B‡`vg nj we‡ ªvnvZ¥K, Awek¦vmx RvwZi cÖwZK (15 c`)

L. Ck¦i Zuvi †jvK‡ì †MŠievwšZ Ki‡eb Zuvi wbq‡gi cÖwZÁvbymv‡i| cweÎZv nj YHWH Gi jÿ¨ Zuvi †jvK‡ì Rb¨|

M. BwZnv‡mi Ae ’v D‡ë hv‡e| B‡`vg asm n‡e; Ck¦‡ii †jv‡Kiv Avkxe©v` jvf Ki‡e|



1. ÒZzwg CMj cÿxi b¨vq D‡”P evmv ’vwcZ nq,Ó 1:4 (NIV, ÒZvivi g‡a¨ †Zvgvi evmv wbg©vY KiÓ)

2. ÒKviY †Zvgvi åvZv hv‡Kv‡ei cÖwZ K…Z †`ŠivZ¥...,Ó 1:10 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. Òwhiƒkv‡j‡gi Dc‡i ¸wjevU KwiqvwQ‡j,Ó 1:11 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. Òm`vcÖfzi w`b mwbœKU,Ó 1:15 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. e¨w³

1. G‡mŠ, 1:8


1. B‡`vg, 1:1

2. wZgb, 1:9

3. wm‡qvb ce©Z, 1:17

4. †b‡Mf, 1:19,20 (A_ev Ò†b‡MeÓ)

5. †k‡djvn, 1:19 (NIV, Òcv`‡`kÓ)

6. wMwjq`, 1:19


1. Iew`q cy Í‡Ki †Kw›`ªq fve wK?

2. †Kb B‡`vg GZ fqsKi fv‡e wePvwiZ n‡qwQj?

3. mKj RvwZi Rb¨ †Kb B‡`vg cÖwZK wnmv‡e eëüZ n‡q‡Q?

4. Iew`q cy ÍK wK byZb wbq‡g D×…Z ev c‡ivÿ fv‡e D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q?

243

244

245

‡hvbv cy Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO JONAH)

I. eBwUi bvg


L. bv‡gi A_© ÒKeyZi|Ó GwU wQj B ªv‡qj RvwZi cÖwZK:

1. MxZiPK Øviv GwU BwZevPK wnmv‡e eëüZ n‡q‡Q, MxZ 68:13; 74:19,

2. †nv‡kq Øviv †bwZevPK wnmv‡e eëüZ n‡q‡Q, 7:1,

3. cigMxZ Øviv † œnkxj iƒcK wnmv‡e eëüZ n‡q‡Q, 2:14; 5:2; 6:9|

II. K¨vbb KiY

K. GB eBwU ÒcieZx© fveev`xÓ wefv‡Mi AskÓ (Dc‡`kK 49:10)

L. GwU nj ev‡ivwUi cÖ_g, ÿz`ª fveev`x‡ì `‡j (Baba Bathra 14b)

1. whkvBq, whiwgq Ges whwR‡¯‹‡ji gZ, †m¸wj GKwU ¸Uv‡bv cy Í‡K Ave× n‡q hvq|

2. ev‡iv es‡ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix ev cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZwK msL¨v|





‡hv‡qj Av‡gvl

Av‡gvl wgLv

Iew`q ‡hv‡qj

‡hvbv Iew`q

wgLv ‡hvbv

2. Af¨šÍixY NUbvejx mgqvbyµ‡g Av‡gvl‡K †nv‡kqi Av‡M †i‡L‡Q|

3. ‡hv‡q‡ji ZvwiL LyeB weZwK©Z| Avwg Zv‡K ZvwjKvfz³ K‡iwQ Iew`‡qi mv‡_ wbe©vmb DËi fveev`x wnmv‡e|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GB eBwU evKx ÿy`ª fveev`x †_‡K Avjv`v| GwU M‡`¨ wjwLZ e¨wZµg †Kej 2:2-9 c`|

L. †hvbv cy Í‡Ki mvwnZ¨ ixwZ A‡bK weZwK©Z| A‡bK cwÛ‡Ziv GB cy Í‡Ki A‡jŠwKK, fvwel¨revYxg~jK Ges ag©ZvwË¡K w`K wb‡q weeªZ

†eva K‡ib| †KD †KD Gfv‡e eBwU‡K †`‡Lb: 1. iƒcK wnmv‡e 2. `„óvšÍ (†KŠZzK eënvi K‡i) 3. cÖPwjZ iƒc wnmv‡e

M. †hvbvi bvgwU Zvi evevi gZB wneªæ‡Z weij| GB bvg¸wji gZ bv‡gi GKRb †jvK I Zvi wcZvi D‡jøL n‡q‡Q 2 ivRv 14:25 c‡`|

†m 2q hviweqv‡gi ivRZ¡Kv‡j evm Ki‡Zv (Lªxó c~e© 783-743)| hxï †hvbv‡K GKRb HwZnvwmK e¨w³ e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb, gw_

12:39-40; 16:4 Ges j~K 11:29 c`|

N. GwU m¤¢e †h †hvbv, B‡qv‡ei gZ, wjwLZ n‡qwQj Ges/A_ev we ÍwiZ n‡qwQj GKRb Ávbx †jvK Øviv ag©ZvwË¡K mZ¨ wkÿv w`‡Z|

†ewki fvM fveev`xg~jK eB fveev`xi evZ©v wjwce× K‡i‡Q wKš‘ †hvbvB †Kej GKgvÎ fveev`x hvi evZ©v †Kej 3:4 c‡` cvuPwU k‡ã

wjwLZ n‡q‡Q|

246

IV. iPwqZv

K. fveev`x n‡jb †jLK| 1:1 c‡` wZwb cwiwPZ n‡q‡Q Ab¨vb¨ ÿz`ª fveev`x‡ì gZB|

L. †hvbv Ges Zvi wcZv AwgwËq, wQj weij wneªæ bvg; Dfq †`Lv wM‡q‡Q 2 ivRv 14:25 c‡`| 2q hviweqv‡gi mgqKvj †_‡K bvmi‡_i

Mv_-‡ndi ch©šÍ fveev`x wQ‡jb|

M. GUv m¤e †h GKRb wneªæ Ávbx e¨w³ HwZnvwmK Pwi‡Îi Rxebx wb‡q‡Qb, B‡qv‡ei gZ, Ges Zv cÖmvi K‡i ag©ZvwË¡K mZ¨ Dcw ’Z

K‡i‡Qb| m¤¢eZ †hvbv B ªv‡q‡ji ivRvi Øviv Avn~Z n‡qwQ‡jb Zvi mg_©‡b B ªv‡q‡ji kÎæ‡ì m¤‡Ü cÖPvi Ki‡Z| ‡hvbv wQ‡jb

ivRKxq DËivÂjxq †jLK/fveev`x| GUv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i †h †Kb wZwb g‡b nq GB eB‡Z Lye cÖwZ‡ivax| GKRb Ávbx e¨w³

nq‡Zv Zvi AvZ¥cÿ mg_©b ï‡bwQ‡jb Ges wek¦Rbxb cÖ‡qvM †`‡LwQ‡jb Ges †hvbvi AwfÁZv wjwce× K‡iwQ‡jb (John Harris, ETBU, 1998)|

V. ZvwiL

K. hw` 2 ivRv 14:25 c‡ì †hvbv hw` GB eB‡qi †jLK nb Zvn‡j mgqwU n‡e Lªxó c~e© 612 A‡ã bxbwei cZ‡bi c~‡e© Ges 2q

hviweqv‡gi (Lªxó c~e© 783-743) ivRZ¡Kvj Aek¨B mg©w_©Z nq|

L. cÖvqB ejv n‡q _v‡K †h †hvbvi cy ÍK †`wi‡Z †jLv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ GwU mvaviYZ wbf©i K‡i:

1. fvwel¨revYx g~jK fveevYx cÖZ¨vLvb,

2. HwZnvwmK wnmv‡e eBwUi A‡jŠwKK Dcv`vb cÖZ¨vLvb,

3. aviYv Kiv nq †h GwU hv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ej‡Q Zviv nj Mex©Z I ¯Zš¿ wbe©vmb DËi RvwZ|

VI. HwZnvwmK Ae¯’vb ÑÑ Aïwiq BwZnv‡m ywU ZvwiL i‡q‡Q hv n‡Z cv‡i bxbexi gb cwieZ©‡bi Dcjÿ¨| K. 3q A``-wbivixi (Lªxó c~e© 810-783) ivRZ¡Kv‡j GK Ck¦iev‡ì cÖwZ ‡SvK

L. 3q Ami`v‡bi (Lªxó c~e© 771-754) ivRZ¡Kv‡j Aïwiqv‡Z fqsKi gnvgvwi

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. Aa¨vq wefvM †`Lvq †h NUbvwUi avivevwnKZv

L. mswÿß iƒc‡iLv

1. 1 Aa¨vq Ñ Ck¦‡ii B”Qvi cÖZ¨vLvb Ges †hvbvi B”Qv ’jvwfwm³| Ck¦i Rqjvf K‡ib!

2. 2 Aa¨vq Ñ ‡hvbvi gb cwieZ©b (KweZv †jLv n‡q‡Q past tense G Ges whiƒkv‡j‡gi gw›`‡i Avivabvi wPÎ AswKZ)

3. 3 Aa¨vq Ñ Ck¦‡ii B”Qv M„wnZ nq| bxbexi gb cwieZ©b K‡i|

4. 4 Aa¨vq Ñ Ck¦‡ii PwiÎ †hvbvi g‡bvfve I Kv‡Ri mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. GB eB‡Z ciRvwZ‡qiv avwg©K hLb fveev`x we‡`ªvnvZ¥K

1. bvweK

2. bxbweevwm

L. 3:10 Ges 4:11 c‡` ciRvwZq‡ì cÖwZ Ck¦‡ii fvjevmv †`Lv wM‡q‡Q| Ck¦i †Kej gvÎ gvbyl‡K fvjev‡mb bv wKš‘ RxeRš‘‡KI,

4:11 c`

M. N„Y¨, wbôzi Aïwiqviv YHWH Øviv M„wnZ Zv‡ì gb cwieZ©b I Zuvi cÖwZ wek¦v‡mi Dc‡i wfwË K‡i, 3:5-9 c`| Zv‡ì whn~`x nevi

†Kvb Avek¨KZv †bB|

N. †hvbv cÖwZwKKiY n‡q‡Q Ck¦‡ii B ªv‡qj‡K Avnev‡bi GB RM‡Z ¯M© iv‡Rï hvRK nevi Rb¨ (Avwg 12:3; hvÎv 19:4-6| B ªv‡qj

n‡q c‡owQj cÖPvig~jK I cwiÎvYv_©K nevi cwie‡Z© RvZxqZvev`x, G‡Kev‡i ¯Zš¿ Ges Mex©Z|

247



1. Òm`vcÖfz GKUv e„nr grm¨ wbiƒcY KwiqvwQ‡jb,Ó 1:17 (NIV, ÒGKwU eo gvQ †hvMvb w`‡qwQ‡jbÓ)

2. cvZvj 2:2 (NIV, ÒKeiÓ)

3. K~c 2:6 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. ÒCk¦i Aby‡kvPbv Kwi‡jb,Ó 3:10 (NIV, ÒwZwb mnvbyf~wZc~Y© n‡qwQ‡jbÓ)

5. ÒK…cvgq I † œnkxj (hesed), 4:2 (NIV, ÒcÖPzi fvjevmvÓ)

6. Òm`vcÖfz GK MvQ wbiƒcY Kwi‡jb, 4:6...GKwU KxU, 4:7...evqy, 4:8 (NIV, ÒhywM‡q wQ‡jbÓ)

7. Ògbyl¨ Av‡Q hvnviv `wÿY n Í nB‡Z evg n‡ Íi cÖ‡f` Rv‡b bv,Ó 4:11 (NASB Ges NIV) 8. ÒAvi A‡bK cïI Av‡QÓ, 4:11 (NIV, ÒGes A‡bK Miæ evQziI Av‡QÓ)

L. e¨w³

1. AwgwË 1:1

2. Ò¯‡M©i Ck¦iÓ 1:8


1. bxbwe, 1:2

2. Zkx©k, 1:3

3. hv‡dv, 1:3


1. †hvbv wK GKRb HwZnvwmK e¨w³?

2. †Kb ‡hvbv bxbwe †h‡Z PvBwQ‡jb bv?

3. eo gvQwU wK GB eB‡qi cÖavb e¨vL¨vg~jK welq? †Kb ev †Kb bq?

4. Ck¦‡ii PwiÎ eY©bv Kiæb| (1:9; 4:2)

5. cÖavb PwiÎ †K †hvbv bv Ck¦i? †Kb?

6. B ªv‡q‡ji Rb¨ eBwU wK evZ©v †`q? B ªv‡q‡ji gZ wK †hvbv wQj?

7. wKfv‡e hxï GB eBwU eënvi K‡i‡Qb?

248

249

250

wgLv cy Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO MICAH)

I. eBwUi bvg


L. Zvi bvgwU nj wgLvqvn Gi mswÿß iƒc (wePvi 17:1,4; 1 ivRv 22:13) hvi A_© Ò†K YHWH Gi gZ|Ó

II. K¨vbb KiY

K. GB eBwU ÒcieZx© fveev`xÓ wefv‡Mi AskÓ (Dc‡`kK 49:10) L. GwU nj Òev‡ivÓ Gi cÖ_g, ÿz`ª fveev`x‡ì `‡j (Baba Bathra 14b)|

1. whkvBq, whiwgq Ges whwn‡¯‹‡ji gZ, †m¸wj GKwU ¸Uv‡bv cy Í‡K Ave× n‡q hvq|

2. ev‡iv es‡ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix ev cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZwK msL¨v|





‡hv‡qj Av‡gvl

Av‡gvl wgLv

Iew`q ‡hv‡qj

‡hvbv Iew`q

wgLv ‡hvbv

2. Af¨šÍixY NUbvejx mgqvbyµ‡g Av‡gvl‡K †nv‡kqi Av‡M †i‡L‡Q|

3. ‡hv‡q‡ji ZvwiL LyeB weZwK©Z| Avwg Zv‡K ZvwjKvfz³ K‡iwQ Iew`‡qi mv‡_ wbe©vmb DËi fveev`x wnmv‡e|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. hwÌ ag©Z‡Ë¡ GwU Av‡gv‡li gZ, GwU c×wZ‡Z GK bq| hwÌ wgLv Av‡gv‡li KweZvi gZ my›ì fv‡e weKwkZ bq, Z‡e Gi

wbf©iZvi kw³kvjx e³e¨ i‡q‡Q|

L. G‡K êwkó¨gq Kiv n‡q‡Q cvkvcvwk Aew ’Z wePvi Ges cyb ’vc‡bi evZ©vq hvi g‡a¨ †Kvb cwieZ©b †bB| mZ¨‡K ywU i‡O AsKb Kiv

n‡q‡Q Kv‡jv/mv`v!

M. fveev`x kw³kvjx, Av‡eMgq, AšÍ© „wóg~jK evZ©v w`‡q‡Qb wbq‡gi Ck¦‡ii!

N. wgLv n‡jb GKRb fwel¨revYxi fveev`x:

1. Aïwiqvi Kv‡Q kgwiqvi cZb, 1:5-7; 6:9-16

2. evwe‡ji Kv‡Q whiƒkv‡j‡gi cZb, 1:9-16; 3:12; 4:10-12; 6:9-16

3. wbe©vwmZ whn~`x †jvK‡ì wd‡i Avmv, 2:12-13; 5:5

L

-9; 7:7-20

4. wgLvqvi Rb¥ ’vb, 5:2 Ges Zuvi wek¦Rbxb ivR¨, 5:4

5. ciRvwZq RvwZ‡qi Avmbœ wek¦vm, 4:1-5

IV. iPwqZv

K. HwZn¨MZ fv‡e †gv‡i‡m_-Mv_ †_‡K Avmv fveev`x wgLv‡K mgMÖ fveevYxi †jLK wnmv‡e †`Lv n‡q‡Q|

251

L. AvaywbK cwÛ‡Ziv †Póv K‡i‡Qb wgLv eBwU‡K fvM Ki‡Z †ek K‡qKRb †jLK‡ì g‡a¨ †hfv‡e Zviv †gvwki †jLv‡K wj‡LwQ‡jb|

hwÌ, Af¨šÍixb cÖgvY i‡q‡Q †h eBwUi GKZv i‡q‡Q:

1. †ek wKQz Aa¨vq ïiæ n‡q‡Q wneªæ Uvg© Ò‡kvbÓ (shema, wØ we 6:4) w`‡q, 1:2; 3:1; 6:1|

2. iƒcK Ò‡glcvjKÓ/Ò‡glÓ mvwgMÖK fv‡e eëüZ n‡q‡Q 2:12, 3:2-3; 4:6; 5:1 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 7:14 c‡`|

3. 8g kZ‡Ki Ab¨ fveev`x‡ì K_v mgMÖ eB‡Z c‡ivÿ fv‡e D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q (4:1-3 Gi mv‡_ whkv 1:2-4)|

M. wgLv, A‡bK w`K w`‡q, e¨w³‡Z¡ Ges evZ©vq Av‡kv‡li gZB| Zv‡ì evoxI wQj †KejgvÎ 20 gvBj Zdv‡Z| Zviv `yR‡bB MÖvg †_‡K

Avmv †jvK wQ‡jb, whkvB‡qi gZ ivRKxq ìev‡ii ivR‰bwZK Ges ÿgZvi msMÖv‡g AšÍ©f~³ wQ‡jb bv|

V. ZvwiL

K. 1 Aa¨v‡qi 1 c` e‡j KZw`b Ges †Kvb mg‡q wgLv cwiPh© v K‡iwQ‡jb: Ò‡hv_g, Avnm I wnw¯‹‡qi mg‡q|Ó

L. whiwgq 26:18 c` e‡j †h wZwb wnw¯‹‡qi ivR‡Z¡i mg‡q fveevYxi KvR K‡iwQ‡jb|

M. †h‡nZz 1:1 c` †hgb kgwiqv‡K †Zgwb whiƒkv‡jg‡K D‡Ïk¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges 6:1-16 c` nj GKwU ìev‡ii „k¨ †hLv‡b fveevYx

Kiv n‡q‡Q B ªv‡q‡ji cZ‡bi, wZwb Aek¨B Lªxó c~e© 722 A‡ã kgwiqvi cZ‡bi c~‡e© fveevYxi KvR K‡iwQ‡jb|

N. Zvi cwiPh© v kgwiqvi cZ‡bi ciI P‡jwQj| eBwU g‡b nq Zvi mgMÖ cwiPh© vi evZ©vi msMÖn|

VI. HwZnvwmK Ae¯’vb K. wgLv n‡jb 8g kZ‡Ki fveev`x whwb cwiPh© v K‡i‡Qb `wÿ‡Yi iv‡R¨ Zvi mgmvgwqK whkvBq fveev`xi mv‡_|

L. GUv wQj mg„w× I mvgwiK m¤úªmvi‡Yi mgq| †m mg‡q A‡bK agx©q KvRKg© nw”Qj wKš‘ GwU wQj KbvYxq De©iZvi Avivabv

YHWGi bvg eënvi K‡i|

M. 3q wZMør-wc‡jl‡ii MwZkxj †bZ…‡Z¡i Aax‡b Aïwiq m¤ªv‡Rï DbœwZ AvNvZ Kivi ch©v‡q G‡mwQj|

N. m¤ú~Y© wek` BwZnv‡mi mvivs‡ki Rb¨ whkvB‡qi fvMwU †`Lyb|

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. GB eBwU êwkó¨gq n‡q‡Q nVvr cwieZ©‡bi Øviv: 2:5,12; 3:1; 6:6-8; 7:14-15| †jLK wePvi †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi ˆèevYx‡Z P‡j

wM‡q‡Qb, Zzjbv Kiæb 2:10-11 c‡ì mv‡_ 2:13-13 c‡ì|

L. g~j iƒc‡iLv

1. Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì Dc‡i Avmbœ wePvi, 1:1-16

K. DË‡i wbe©vmb, 1:5-7

L. `wÿ‡Y wbe©vmb, 1:9-16 (3:12)

2. Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì kvw Í Ges cybiæ×vi, 2:1-13

K. abx‡ì mvgvwRK cvc, 1-11

L. fwel¨‡Zi Avkv, 12-13

3. Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì †bZv‡ì †`vlvic, 3:1-12

K. mvgvwRK †bZv, 1-4, 9, 11

L. fveev`x, 5-7, (mwZ¨Kvi fveev`x, 8 c`), 11

M. hvRK, 11

N. djvdj, 12 (4:10)

4. cybiæ×viK…Z Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì fwel¨r gwngv, 4-5

K. mg Í RvwZ‡ì Rb¨ wek¦Rbxb Avgš¿Y, 4:1-5

L. c½y, mgvRP yZ Ges `ye©j‡ì Avgš¿Y, 4:6-8

M. wek¦vmx mgvR AvµvšÍ wKš‘ Rqx, 4:9-13

252

N. gkx‡ni AvMgb, 5:1-5

K

O. Aïwiqvi Dc‡i fwel¨‡Zi weRq, 5:5

L

-9

P. Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì eZ©gv‡bi wePvi, 5:1, 10-15

5. Ck¦i Zuvi †jvK‡ì wePv‡i Avb‡eb, 6

K. Ck¦‡ii c‡ÿ fveev`xi K_v ejv, 1-5

L. Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì mvov cÖ vb, 6-7

M. Ck¦‡ii c‡ÿ fveev`xi DËi, 8

N. Ck¦‡ii wePvi Zuvi †jvK‡ì bM‡ii Dc‡i cwZZ n‡e; nq whiƒkv‡jg Ges/A_ev kgwiqv, 9-16

6. Ck¦‡ii AweiZ Awf‡hvM Ges cÖwZÁvZ Avkxe©v` Zuvi †jvK‡ì Dc‡i, 7

K. Ck¦‡ii †jv‡Kiv mvgvwRK cv‡ci g‡a¨ w`‡q hv‡”Q, 1-6

L. Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì fwel¨r †bZv Ck¦‡ii g‡bvgZ n‡e, 14-20

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. wgLv, Av‡gv‡li gZB, abx I ÿgvZvkvjx e¨w³‡ì mvgvwRK cv‡ci weiæ‡× Awf‡hvM K‡i‡Qb|

L. wgLv, ‡nv‡kqi gZB, fveev`x I hvRK‡ì agx©q wec_Mg‡bi wel‡q Awfhy³ K‡i‡Qb (3:11)|

M. wgLv whn~`v I B ªv‡qj Df‡qiB cZb I wbe©vm‡bi fveevYx K‡iwQ‡jb KviY Zv‡ì †cŠËwjKZv Ges wbq‡gi cÖwZ Awek¦ ÍZv|

N. Ck¦i b¨vh¨| Zuvi †jv‡Kiv kvw Í cv‡e| Ck¦i AviI Zuvi wbq‡gi cÖwZ AbyMÖnkxj I wek¦ Í, Zuvi †jv‡Kiv(Aewkó) cwiÎvY I cybiæ×vi

jvf Ki‡e|

O. Ck¦&i Pvb Zuvi †jv‡Kiv Zuvi PwiÎ‡K cÖwZdwjZ Ki‡e, 6:8 c` wek¦vmnxb ag©vbyôvb bq (6:6-7)|

P. B ªv‡qj, whn~`v Ges wek¦vmx ciRvwZ‡qiv Avkxe©v` cv‡e Avmbœ gkx‡ni gva¨‡g whwb †e_‡jn‡g Rb¥ MÖnY Ki‡eb (5:2)| GB byZb

†bZv YHWH Gi gZB n‡eb (7:18-20)|



1. Òce©ZMY Mwjqv hvB‡e,Ó 1:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. ÒZvnvi ÿZ AwPwKrm¨,Ó 1:9 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. Dcnvm, 2:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. ÒAvgvi cÖRvM‡Yi gvsm LvB‡Z‡Q,Ó 3:3 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. fwel¨r K_b, 3:6 (NASB Ges NIV)

6. Òwm‡qvb †ÿ‡Îi b¨vq Kwl©Z nB‡e,Ó 3:12 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. ÒcÖRvMY...RvwZMY Avwm‡e...,Ó 4:1-2 (NASB Ges NIV) 8. ÒZvnviv Avcb Avcb LoM fvw½qv jv½‡ji dvj Mwo‡e,Ó 4:3 (NASB Ges NIV) 9. ÒcÖv°vj nB‡Z, Abvw`Kvj nB‡Z Zuvnvi DrcwËÓ 5:2 (NIV, Òhvi DrcwË Avw`Kvj †_‡K, cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡KÓ)

10. ÒAvwg wK...cÖv‡Yi cvc cÖhy³ kix‡ii dj `vb Kwie?Ó 6:7 (NASB Ges NIV)

11. Qjbvi evULviv 6:11 (NIV, Òfzj IRbÓ)

12. ÒZv‡ì cvc mgy‡ ªi AMva R‡j wb‡ÿc Kwi‡eÓ 7:19 (NIV, Òmgy‡`ªi Mfx‡i Avgv‡ì mKj Aavwg©KZv wb‡ÿcÓ)

L. e¨w³

1. wbgi`, 5:6 3. evjvg, 6:5

2. evjvK 6:5 4. Aw¤ª, 6:16


1. kgwiqv, 1:5 6. †e_‡jng Bd«v_v, 5:2 11. wMwjq`

2. whiƒkv‡jg, 1:5 7. wbgi‡ì †`k, 5:6

253

3. jvwLm, 1:13 8. wkwÆg, 6:5

4. †gv‡i‡m_-Mv_, 1:14 9. wMjMj, 6:5

5. wm‡qvb ce©Z, 4:7

XI. wkÿv_x©‡ì mš‘wói cÖkœvejx 1. 1:8-16 c‡ì wejv‡ci ag©vbyôv‡bi ZvwjKv Kiæb|

2. fveevYxi wZbwU iƒcB (cÖwZÁvi ˆèevYx, wePvivj‡qi `„k¨, Ges wejvc/‡kvK Muv_v) wgLvq cvIqv hvq| D`vniY w`b|

3. wKfv‡e wgLv Av‡gv‡li gZ wQ‡jb?

4. wgLv †Kb whiwgq 26:18 c` D×…Z K‡i‡Qb? 5. 5:10-15 c` Kv‡K D‡Ïk¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q?

6. 7:18-20 c‡` †mB me wKQzi ZvwjKv Kiæb †h¸wj Ck¦i Zuvi †jvK‡ì Rb¨ Ki‡eb|

254

255

256

bn~g cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO NAHUM)

I. eBwUi bvg


L. Zvi bv‡gi A_© ÒmvšÍ¦bvÓ ev Òmnvbyf~wZÓ (whkv 57:18)|

II. K¨vbb KiY

K. GB eBwU ÿy`ª fveev`x‡ì Ask KviY †jLvi ˆ`N© |

L. †m¸wj‡K ejv nq Òev‡iv|Ó †m¸wj m¤¢eZ GKmv‡_ ivLv n‡q‡Q KviY †m¸wj GKwU ¸Uv‡bv cy Í‡K Ave× n‡q hvq|

M. †m¸wj nj wneªæ K¨vb‡bi wØZxq wefv‡M hv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Òfveev`x|Ó

N. whn~`xiv PvB‡Zv Zv‡ì K¨vb‡b eB‡qi msL¨v Zv‡ì eY©gvjvi e¨Äbe‡Y©i msL¨vi mv‡_ Lvc Lvq, †mRb¨, Zviv A‡bK eB‡K GKwÎZ ev

mgšq K‡i‡Q|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GwU GKwU K¬vwmK¨vj wneªæ fveev`xg~jK (KweZv)| GwU cyivZb wbq‡gi me‡P‡q kw³kvjx GKwU KweZv|

L. bn~g Zvi fvlv Ges evMaviv Pq‡b Abb¨ Ges ˆkwíK| Zv‡K I whkvBq‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nq fveev`x‡ì gnvb Kwe e‡j| Zv‡ì g‡a¨

mvwnZ¨MZ m¤úK© we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q: 1. bn~g 1:4 Ges whkvBq 33:19 c`| 2. bn~g 1:15 Ges whkvBq 52:7 c`|

M. bn~g 1:2-8 c` nj GKwU acrostic KweZv| ïiæi MxZ ÿz`ª fveev`x‡ì g‡a¨ Abb¨|

IV. iPwqZv

K. fveev`x m¤ú‡K© Avgiv Ly„e Kg Rvwb| cyivZb wbq‡g GUvB nj Zvi bv‡gi GKwU NUbv|

L. Zv‡K ejv nq Bj‡Kvkxq †hwU m¤¢eZ GKwU RvqMvi bvg| †ek K‡qKwU ZË¡ i‡q‡Q:

1. †h‡ivg Ges Bmyweqvm RvqMvwU‡K ej‡Qb Mvjx‡j, Bj‡Kvk bMi|

2. Abïv ej‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb †h GwU Kdibvn~g, Òbn~‡gi M„n,Ó nj Gi Ae ’vb wKš‘ Gi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© †Kvb cÖgvY †bB|

3. Pseudo-Epiphanius RvqMvwU‡K `wÿY whn~`v‡Z e‡j‡Qb, The Lives of the Prophets, XVII, Bj‡Kvk bMi wgLvi

evoxi wbK‡UB|

4. 16 kZ‡Ki GKwU Aviweq HwZn¨, RvqMvwU Biv‡K(wbe©vwmZ wcZvgvZi mšÍvb)| bxbwe †_‡K 24 gvBj `y‡i Bj‡Kvk bMi|

V. ZvwiL

K. Lªxó c~e© 612 A‡ã bxbwei cZ‡bi c~‡e© GwU Aek¨B †jLv n‡qwQj|

L. Lªxó c~e© 663 A‡ã Ak~ievwbcv‡ji Øviv Thebes (No-amon)Gi cZ‡bi c‡i GwU †jLv n‡qwQj (3:8 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`) KviY

GwU Rj hvi Øviv bMi cwi‡ewóZ wQj †mB bMi cÖwZiÿvi D`vniY eënvi K‡i‡Q|

M. GwU m¤¢eZ †jLv n‡qwQj Lªxó c~e© 627 A‡ã Ak~ievwbcv‡ji g„Zzï ciciB| wZwb wQ‡jb Aïwiqvi †kl kw³kvjx ivRv Ges Lªxó c~e©

626 A‡ã be¨-evwej b‡evc‡jl‡ii Aax‡b ¯vaxbZv jvf K‡iwQj|

257

VI. Aïwiqv I c¨v‡j÷vB‡bi BwZnv‡mi mswÿß mvigg© K. bn~g Aïwiqvi cZ‡bi K_v e‡jwQ‡jb hvi ivRavbx wQj bxbwe| Ck¦i wbôzi RvwZ‡K eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb B ªv‡q‡ji cÖwZ Zvi `‡Ûi

nvwZqvi wnmv‡e (whkv 10:5)|

L. cÖ_g wjwce× NUbvwU N‡UwQj †hn~i ivR‡Z¡i (Lªxó c~e© 842-815) mgqKv‡j| Lªxó c~e© 841 A‡ã Aïwiq ivRv 3q kjg‡bli (Lªxó

c~e© 858-824), eva¨ n‡qwQ‡jb Ki cÖ v‡b|

M. 3q A``-wbivixi (Lªxó c~e© 810-782) Aaxb GUv ch©šÍ P‡jwQj| `‡¤§kK `Lj K‡i †bIqv n‡qwQj Ges †hvqvm‡K eva¨ Kiv n‡qwQj

Ki cÖ v‡b|

N. cÖ_g eo Awfhvb Ges wbe©vmb N‡UwQj 3q wZMør-wc‡jli (Lªxó c~e© 745-727) Øviv gb‡n‡gi ivRZ¡Kv‡j (Lªxó c~e© 752-732) Lªxó

c~e© 732 A‡ã| „k¨Z wZwb †cKn‡K (Lªxó c~e© 740-732) ’vbvšÍi K‡iwQ‡jb †nv‡kqi (Lªxó c~e© 732-722) mv‡_ (2 ivRv 15:29);

1 esk 5:6; 2 esk 30:6, 10; whkv 9:1 c`| c¨v‡j÷vB‡bi GB wbqš¿Y whn~`v‡K cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj KviY Avnm (Lªxó c~e© 735-715)

ivRvI Ki w`‡Zb|

O. †nv‡kq †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb B ªv‡qj‡K wgk‡ii mv‡_ H‡K¨ eva‡Z Ges 5g kj‡gbli Øviv Avµg‡bi wkKvi nb (Lªxó c~e© 727-722)|

ivRavbx kgwiqv, 2q mviM‡Yi 3 eQi Ae‡iv‡ai c‡i cZb N‡U (Lªxó c~e© 721-705)| B ªv‡qj‡K gv`xq‡Z wbe©vwmZ Kiv nq (2

ivRv 17:3-20; 18:20-21; whkv 7:8; 8:4; 10:11; 36:20; †nv‡kq 9:3; 10:6,14; 11:5)| 2q mviMY Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib

Ges whn~`v‡K Lªxó c~e© 720 I 712 A‡ã Ki cÖ v‡b eva¨ K‡ib|

P. whn~`v‡Z wnw¯‹q (Lªxó c~e© 728-687) Gi DËim~ix n‡jb Avnm| whwb cÖv_wgK fv‡e 2q mviMY‡K Ki w`‡Zb| cieZx©‡Z wZwb

Aïwiqv‡K Ki w`‡K A¯xKvi K‡ib (2 ivRv 18)| Lªxó c~e© 701 A‡ã mb‡nwie (Lªxó c~e© 704-681) whn~`v Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib,

wKš‘ gnvgvixi Kvi‡Y Awfhvb Zz‡j wb‡Z eva¨ nb hv n‡qwQj m`vcÖfzi y‡Zi Øviv, G‡Z gviv wM‡qwQj 185,000 Rb Aïwiq †mbv

(whkv 10:16; 36:1-37:38; 2 ivRv 18:13-19:37; 2 esk 32:1-31)|

Q. cieZx©‡Z, gYwk‡K eva¨ Kiv n‡qwQj Gmi`v‡bi (Lªxó c~e© 681-669) Kv‡Q ekxf~Z _vK‡Z (2 esk 33:1-11)|

R. Gmi`‡bi cyÎ Ak~ievwbcvj (Lªxó c~e© 638-633), Aïwiqvi †kl kw³kvjx ivRv wQ‡jb| Zvi g„Zzï c‡i, ªæZ AebwZi mgqKvj:

1. b‡evc‡jli (Lªxó c~e© 625-605) be¨-evwe‡ji cÖwZôv K‡ib|

2. 1g mv‡gw_Dm (Lªxó c~e© 664-609) wgk‡ii ¯vaxbZv cybiæ×vi K‡ib|

3. †hvwkq (Lªxó c~e© 640-609) whn~`vi ¯vaxbZv cybiæ×vi K‡ib|

4. Cyaxaxes (Lªxó c~e© 625-585) ¯vaxb gv`xq iv‡Rï cÖwZôv K‡ib|

S. Aïwiqvi ivRavbx bxbwe, Lªxó c~e© 612 A‡ã cZb N‡U b‡evc‡jli I Cyaxaxes Gi Kv‡Q| cyivZb ivRavbx Aïi BwZg‡a¨ Lªxó

c~e© 614 A‡ã cZb N‡UwQj|

T. bxbwei AvqZb 1850 GKi Ges 8 gvBj y‡f© ¨ cÖvPxi wQj|

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. Avi¤¢, 1:1

L. YHWH Gi K‡VviZv I AbyMÖnkxjZvi GKwU KweZv, 1:2-8 (AvswkK acrostic)|

M. Ck¦‡ii Pwi‡Îi ev ÍeZv, bxbwei wePvi, whn~`vi D×vi, 1:9-2:2 c`|

N. GKwU ¯úó KweZvi eY©bv gnv bMix bxbwei Ae‡iva I cZ‡bi, 2:3-3:19 c`|

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

258

K. GB eBwUi jÿ¨ wbôzi Aïwiq mv¤ªv‡Rï ivRavbx bxbwei cZb| Lªxó 700 A‡ã mb‡nwie GB ivRavbx cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb| Gi

Ae ’vb wQj UªvvBwMÖm b`xi c~e© Zx‡i Avi Lye fvj `yM©iƒ‡c mw¾Z|

L. Lªxó 612 A‡ã evwewjq I gv`xq‡ì Øviv bMiwU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c asm n‡q hvq †hfv‡e Aïi Lªxó c~e© 614 A‡ã n‡qwQj| Zviv b`xwU

eënvi K‡iwQj †hwU bMixi †Ìqv‡ji Pviw`‡K cÖevwnZ n‡Zv| Zviv b`xi Rj‡K Rj msiÿYvMv‡ii w`‡K cÖevwnZ Kwi‡q †`q Avi

Zvi ci nVvr K‡i Rj †Q‡o †`q| R‡ji †Zv‡o cÖvPx‡bi GKwU weivU Ask fzwgmvr n‡q hvq, 2:6 c`|

M. Ck¦i Zuvi †jvK‡ì wePv‡ii Rb¨ wbôzi Aïwiq‡K eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb (whkv 10:5) wKš‘ GLb Aïwiqvi wePvi n‡”Q| Avgiv †hgb eywb

†ZgbB KvwU, Mvjv 6:7 c`|



1. ‰èevYx, 1:1 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. `k©b, 1:1 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. Òm`vcÖfz †µv‡a axi,Ó 1:3 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. ÒGK `yM©,Ó 1:7 (NIV, ÒAvkÖqÓ)

5. Ae‡iva-hš¿, 2:5 (NIV, Òmyiÿv XvjÓ)

6. Òb`xi Øvi mKj Lywjqv †Mj; cÖvmv` wewjb nBj,Ó 2:6 (NIV, Òbxi Øvi mg~n Ly‡j †Ìqv n‡qwQj Ges cÖvmv`wU †f‡½

c‡owQjÓ)

7. Ò‡Zvgvi e‡ ¿i AÂj Zzwjqv †Zvgvi gy‡Li Dc‡i Uvwbqv wè,Ó 3:5 (NASB Ges NIV) 8. ÒZvnvi wkïw`M‡KI mKj c‡_i gv_vq AvQvo gvwiqv LÛ LÛ Kiv nBj;Ó 3:10 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. e¨w³

1. †ewjqvj, 1:15 (NIV, Ò`yózÓ)

2. evwnbxM‡Yi m`vcÖfy, 2:13 (NIV, Òme©kw³gvb Ck¦iÓ)


1. evmb, 1:4

2. Kwg©j, 1:4

3. †jevbb, 1:4

4. †bv-Av‡gvb, (_xem), 3:8

5. bxbwe, 1:1


1. GB eBwUi †Kw› ªq D‡Ïk¨ wK?

2. wKfv‡e GKRb 1:3 Ges 7 c‡ì mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

3. wKfv‡e GKRb †hvbv I bn~‡gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

4. †Kb bn~g‡K GKRb eo Kwe e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nq?

5. wKfv‡e 2:6 c` bxbwei HwZnvwmK cZ‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

6. 3:8-10 c‡` †Kb wgkwiq bM‡ii K_v D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q?

7. 3:14-15 c‡ì e¨½vZ¥K imperatives Gi ZvwjKv Kiæb|

259

260

261

neKK~K cy Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO HABAKKUK)

I. eBwUi bvg


L. neKK~K bv‡gi A_© ÒAvì Kiv ev ÒAvwj½b Kiv|Ó

M. ‡mÞzqvwR‡›U Zv‡K WvKv n‡q‡Q "Hambakoum" e‡j †hwU nj GKwU Aïwiq Uvg© hvi A_© ÒkvKkwâ|Ó

II. K¨vbb KiY

K. GB eBwU ÒcieZx© fveev`xÓ Gi Ask (Dc‡`kK 49:10)|

L. GwU Òev‡ivÓ wUi g‡a¨ GKwU, ÿz`ª fveev`x‡ì GKwU `j (Baba Bathra 14b)

1. whkvBq, whiwgq Ges whwn‡¯‹‡ji gZ †m¸wj GKwU ¸Uv‡bv cy Í‡K a‡i hvq|

2. ev‡ivwU es‡ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡ A_ev cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZwK msL¨v|


M. Òev‡ivÓ wUi k„sLjv, ev ÿz`ª fveev`x, A‡bK cwÛZ‡ì Øviv mgqvbyµg Abymv‡i hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GUv ¯úó †h bn~g, neKK~K Ges

mdwbq GKwU GK‡Ki Rb¨|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZÑÑ GUv LyeB A¯vfvweK †h GKRb fveev`x †jvK‡ì c‡ÿ Ck¦‡ii m‡½ K_v ej‡eb| cÖ_g Aa¨vqwU nj diatribe A_ev

mZ¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Dcvq AbywgZ K‡_vcK_‡bi gva¨‡g|

IV. iPwqZv

K. GB fveev`x whn~`vi wel‡q YHWH Gi m‡½ K_v ej‡Zb| Ab¨ mKj fveev`xiv Ck¦‡ii c‡ÿ †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q K_v ej‡Zb|

L. GB fveev`x GKB mvaviY mgqKvj †hgb `vwb‡qj, whiwgq, whwn‡¯‹j, bn~g Ges mdwbq Gi mv‡_ Lvc Lvq| Avgiv Zv‡K 7g kZ‡Ki

fveev`x ej‡Z cvwi|

M. wZwb m¤¢eZ GKRb ev`¨Ki gw›`‡ii msMxZ `‡ji mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wQ‡jb:

1. 3:1 c‡` Uvg© Shigionoth| NASB Gi cv`wUKv ejv n‡q‡Q GwU ÒGKwU D”PZi Av‡eMgq KweZvi iƒc|Ó GwU GKwU AÁvZ

bv‡gi ev`¨ h‡š¿i Uvg©| m¤¢eZ GKwU weiwZ ev µgk D”PMÖvg nIqv|

2. Avi GKwU m¤¢ve¨ msMx‡Zi Uvg© Selah eënvi, 3:3,9,13 c‡`|

3. 3:19 c‡` kã¸”Q eëüZ, ÒcÖavb ev`¨Ki‡ì Rb¨, Avgvi Zv‡ì ev`¨ h‡š¿i Dc‡i|Ó

V. ZvwiL (`ywU cÖavb ZË¡ i‡q‡Q)

K. gYwki ivRZ¡Kv‡j (Lªxó c~e© 687-642)| GwU mvaviYZ K¨vb‡b neKK~‡Ki RvqMvi mv‡_ mshy³ Ges Kjw`q‡ì DÌv‡bi, be¨-

evwewjq mvgvR¨ (neK 1:5)|

L. wh‡nvqvKx‡gi ivRZ¡Kv‡j (Lªxó c~e© 609-598)| GwU 2q d‡iŠb-b‡Lvi mg‡qKv‡j eBwU‡K iv‡L bMbxi jyÚb I cieZx©‡Z

beyL`wbrm‡ii KK©gx‡k Lªxó c~e© 605 A‡ã Aïwiq Aewkó ˆmb¨‡ì I wgkwiq‡ì civwRZ K‡i mgMÖ AÂjwU `Lj K‡i †bIqv|

M. Pseudo-Epiphanius, Lives of the Prophets G e‡j‡Qb †h wZwb wkwg‡qvb esk †_‡K G‡m‡Qb| GwU m¤¢eZ †jLv n‡qwQj

Lªxó c~e© 627 A‡ã Ak~ievwbcv‡ji g„Zzï ciciB| wZwb wQ‡jb Aïwiqvi †kl kw³kvjx ivRv Ges Lªxó c~e© 626 A‡ã be¨-evwej

262

b‡evc‡jl‡ii Aax‡b ¯vaxbZv jvf K‡iwQj| wZwb Lªxó c~e© 586 A‡ã 2q beyL`wbrm‡ii AMÖhvÎvi d‡j cvwj‡q hvb Ges wd‡i

Av‡mb bM‡ii cZ‡bi c‡i Avi wbe©vmb †_‡K wd‡i Avmvi `yB eQi c~‡e© gviv hvb| hwÌ, GB Drm cieZx©Kv‡ji Ges Awbf©i‡hvM¨|


VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. GB eBwU `ywU cÖavb fv‡e wef³:

1. 1 Ges 2 Aa¨vq Ñ Ck¦i Ges fveev`xi g‡a¨ K_vevZ©v

2. 3 Aa¨vq Ñ Ck¦‡ii BwZnvm wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ cÖksmv Kiv|

L. Ck¦i Ges Zuvi fveev`xi g‡a¨ K_vevZ©v, 1:2-2:20 c`

1. neKK~K Ck¦i‡K Awf‡hvM Ki‡Qb kvw Í w`‡Z axi MwZi Rb¨, 1:2-4 c`

2. Ck¦‡ii cÖ_g DËi, 1:5-11 c`

3. Ck¦‡ii DË‡i neKK~‡Ki ˆbwZK mgm¨v, 1:12-2:1 c`

4. Ck¦‡ii wØZxq mvov cÖ vb, 2:2-5 c`

K. Ck¦‡ii cwiKíbv wbwðZ, GwU †jL, 2:20

1) wek¦v‡mi Dc‡i Avkxe©v`, 2:4,14,20 c`

2) g›`Zvi Dc‡i wePvi, 2:5,6-20 c`

L. Ck¦‡ii †jv‡Kiv wbq‡gi wek¦ ÍZvi Rb¨ `vwqZ¡evb, 2:4-5 (3:16-19)

M. Ck¦i †cŠËwjK AvMÖvm‡bi I Ck¦i fw³nxbZvi kvw Í †`‡eb, 2:6-20 (5wU kc_)

1) 2:6-8, mš¿vkx AvMÖvmb




5) 2:18-20, cÖwZgvc~Rv

M. GKwU abëv‡ì MxZ AZx‡Z D×v‡i Ck¦‡ii wek¦ Í KvR Ges fwel¨‡Z Ck¦‡ii D×v‡ii Avkvi Rb¨, 3:1-19 c`

1. Ck¦‡ii D×v‡ii AZxZ Kvh©vejx cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q D”PZi KweZvi AvKv‡i, iƒcK iƒc eëüZ n‡q‡Q (3:1-15):

K. hvÎv

L. m„wó

M. weRq

2. Ck¦‡ii D×v‡i fveev`xi wek¦vm Ges ‰ah© †hLv‡b †Kvb evwn¨K wPý wQj bv Zvi g‡aÏ, (2:4; 3:16-19)

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. GwU GKwU ˆbwZK wek¦ åþvÛ| cv‡ci wePvi n‡e| GgbwK Ck¦‡ii g‡bvbxZ †jv‡KivI Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `vqx(Mvjv 6:7)|

L. GB cwZZ RM‡ZI Ck¦i me NUbv wbqš¿Y Ki‡Qb| wZwb g›`‡K Zuvi D‡Ï‡k¨ eënvi K‡ib, wKš‘ GB g›Ì wePvwiZ n‡e!

M. Ck¦‡ii KvQ cÖkœ Kiv MÖnYxq| hwÌ, cÖvqB GwU Ck¦‡ii Dc ’vcbv †Kvb hyw³MZ DËi bq hv mš‘ó Ki‡e|

N. GB eBwU †cŠ‡ji weL¨vZ ag©ZvwË¡K g~j fve Òwek¦v‡m avwg©K MwYZ nIqvÓ Gi Drm (2:4)| g›` wb‡RB GKw`b asm n‡q hv‡e|

Ck¦‡ii †jvK‡ì Aek¨B g›` mg‡qI wek¦v‡mi Abykxjb K‡i †h‡Z n‡e! wek¦vm Aek¨B eZ©gvb NUbvµ‡gi mv‡_ mshy³ bq, 3:17-19

c`|



1. ÒZvnv‡ì kvmb I DbœwZ Zvnv‡ìB nB‡Z Drcbœ,Ó 1:7 (NIV, ÒZv‡ì wb‡R‡ì Rb¨ GKwU AvBb wQj Ges wb‡R‡ì m¤§v‡b

cÖ‡qvM Ki‡ZvÓ)

2. Ò‡n m`vcÖfz, Avgvi Ck¦i, Avgvi cweÎZg,Ó 1:12 (NASB Ges NIV)

263

3. Ò‡n ˆkj,Ó 1:12 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. ÒZvnviv Zv‡ì Rv‡j Zv‡ì DrmM© Dcw ’Z K‡i,Ó 15-17 c` (NIV, Ò†m Zvi Rv‡j DrmM© K‡iÓ)

5. ÒwKš‘ avwg©K e¨w³ Avcb wek¦vm Øviv euvwP‡e,Ó 2:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

6. Sheol, 2:5 (NIV, ÒKeiÓ)

7. Dcnvm-m½xZ, 2:6 (NIV, ÒDcnvmÓ) 8. Òm`vcÖfzi `wÿY n Íw ’Z cvbcvÎ,Ó 2:16 (NASB Ges NIV) 9. Shigionoth, 3:1 (NASB Ges NIV) 10. Selah, 3:3,9,13 (NASB Ges NIV) 11. †Zvgvi Awfwl³, 3:13 (NIV, Ò†Zvgvi Awfwl³ RbÓ) 12. ÒwZwb Avgvi PiY nwiwYi PiY m „k K‡ib,Ó 3:19 (NIV, ÒwZwb Avgvi PiY‡K nwi‡Yi Pi‡Yi gZ K‡ibÓ)

L. e¨w³ - bvB


1. Kj`xq, 1:6 (NIV, ÒevwewjqÓ)

2. wZgb, 3:3

3. cviY ce©Z, 3:3

4. wgw`qb, 3:7


1. GB eBwUi wKfv‡e Ab¨vb¨ ÿz`ª fveev`x‡ì †_‡K Avjv`v?

2. 1-2 Aa¨v‡q Ck¦i I fveev`xi g‡a¨Kvi K‡_vcK_‡bi iƒc‡iLv Kiæb|

3. †Kb GUv fvev nq †h neKK~K GKRb ev`¨Ki wQ‡jb?

4. 1:16-17 c‡ì Kíbv¸wj e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

5. cÖm‡½ 2:4 c‡ì A_© wK? †ivgxq 1:17 Ges Mvjv 3:11 c‡` †cŠj G‡K wKfv‡e eënvi K‡i‡Qb?

264

265

266

mdwbq cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO ZEPHANIAH)

I. eBwUi bvg


L. Zvi bv‡gi A_©:

1. ÒYHWH jyKvBqv‡QbÓ A_ev

2. ÒYHWH jÿ¨ iv‡LbÓ

II. K¨vbb KiY






M. Òev‡ivÓ wUi k„sLjv, ev ÿz`ª fveev`x, A‡bK cwÛZ‡ì Øviv mgqvbyµg Abymv‡i hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GUv ¯úó †h bn~g, neKK~K Ges

mdwbq GKwU GKK †_‡K|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GwU GKwU K¬vwmK¨vj wneªæ fveevYx(KweZv) hvi g~j jÿ¨ nj cvc, wePvi Ges cybiæ×vi|

L. 3:14-20 c` n‡Z cv‡i cÖvwPb †Kvb mg‡eZ Mvb|

IV. iPwqZv

K. GB eBwU‡Z GK AmvaviY esk ZvwjKv Av‡Q: Ò...K~kxi cyÎ, M`wj‡qi cyÎ, Agwi‡qi cyÎ, wnw¯‹‡qi cyÎ,Ó 1:1 c`|

1. GwU Bw½Z †`q †h wZwb whn~`v ivR cwiev‡ii eskai| hw` ZvwjKvi wnw¯‹q (Lªxó c~e© 715-687) whn~`vi ivRv nb Zvn‡j GwU

g‡b nq †h GB `xN© esk ZvwjKvi GKwU D‡Ïk¨ i‡q‡Q|

2. m¤¢eZ GB `xN©Zv Zvi whn~`x‡ì mv‡_ ms¯ú‡k©i cÖgvb KviY Zvi wcZvi bvg wQj K~kx (Bw_qwcq)|

L. A‡b‡K wek¦vm K‡ib †h wZwb †hvwk‡qi fvB‡qi †Q‡j wQ‡jb Ges m¤¢eZ †hgb Ck¦i f³ ivRv †h ivRvi Kv‡Q wkÿv †c‡qwQ‡jb wZwbI

Zvi KvQ †_‡KB †c‡qwQ‡jb|

M. cyivZb wbq‡g Ab¨ AviI wZbRb Av‡Qb hv‡ì GB GKB bvg: 1 esk 6:36-38; whi 21:1; 2 ivRv 25:18-21; 29:25; 37:3;

52:24-27; mL 6:10,14 c`|

V. ZvwiL

K. mdwbq †hvwkq ivRvi ivR‡Z¡i mg‡q K_v e‡jwQ‡jb (Lªxó c~e© 640-609)|

L. KviY whn~`vi Af¨šÍixY D‡ËRbv GB eB‡Z D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q, 1:4-6, 8-9, 12; 3:1-3, GUv g‡b nq †h †kÖvZviv wQ‡jb whn~`xqvi

†jv‡Kiv †hvwk‡qi ms¯‹vi Kv‡h© i c~‡e© (Lªxó c~e© 621)|


267

K. A‡b‡K †`‡L _v‡Kb Ck¦‡ii Awfhv‡bi nvwZqvi †hgb Scythian ee©i RvwZ (NIV, Francisco c_ Lªxó c~e© 626) hviv Gi Av‡M

Aïwiqv‡K AvµgY K‡iwQj| Heroditus (I:103-106) e‡j‡Qb †h Scythian iv 1g d‡iŠY mv‡gwUKvm (Lªxó c~e© 663-609) Øviv

Nyl cÖ v‡bi Øviv wd‡i hvevi c~‡e© hZUv m¤¢e wgk‡ii yi w`‡q c¨v‡jóvB‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q AvµgY K‡i|

L. hwÌ Scythian Awfhvb m¤¢e nq, m¤¢eZ GUv wQj evwej hviv whn~`v AvµgY K‡iwQj| †ewki fvM cwÛZ g‡b K‡ib †h GB

AµgvYKvixiv wQj evwewjq|

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK (Introduction to the Old Testament by R.K. Harrison, p. 939-940)

K. m`vcÖfzi w`b, 1:1-2:3

1. ev‡ji AvivabvKvix‡ì weiæ‡× wbe©vm‡bi fxwZ, 1:2-6 c`|

3. m`vcÖfzi w`‡bi Zvrch©, 1:7-13 c`|

4. Avmbœ wePvi, 1:14-18 c`|

5. wePvi Gwo‡q hvevi Dcvq mg~n, 2:1-3 c`

L. we‡`kx RvwZ‡ì weiæ‡× `Û †Nvlbv, 2:4-5 c`

1. c‡jwóqv, 2:4-7 c`

2. †gvqve Ges A‡¤§vb, 2:8-11 c`

3. wgki, 2:12 c`

4. Aïwiqv, 2:13-15 c`

M. Kó Ges Avkxe©v`, 3:1-20 c`

1. whiƒkv‡j‡gi Rb¨ kvw Íi fxwZ, 3:1-7 c`

2. wek¦ Í Aewkóvs‡ki Rb¨ Avkxe©v‡ì Avk¦vm, 3:8-20 c`

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. GB fveev`x mZK© K‡iwQ‡jb whn~`vq Avmbœ Awfhvb GwM‡q Avmvi wel‡q| GB wePv‡ii Kv‡Ri KviY wQj whiƒkv‡j‡gi wbqwš¿Ynxb

†cŠËwjKZv †hwU gbwki Øviv ïiæ n‡qwQj| Òm`vcÖfzi w`bÓ GB aviYvwU mdwbq eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb| AwaKvsk mg‡qB fveev`xiv

Zv‡ì mg‡qi msKUKvj‡K eënvi K‡i fwel¨‡Zi, †kl KvjxY NUbvejxi Qvqv¯iƒc †`L‡Zb|

L. 2:3 c‡` gb cwieZ©‡bi Avnevb Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| whn~`vi GKgvÎ Avkv wQj gkx‡ni fvjevmv (3:17) Ges Dcw ’wZ (3:15 Ges 17)!

M. GUv ¯úó †h Ck¦i Aïwiqv‡K eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb Bmªv‡qj‡K kvw Í w`‡Z Ges GLb GB De©i Aa©P‡› ªi m¤ªvU wePv‡ii Rb¨ ùvovb wKš‘

Zvici, whn~`vI wePvwiZ n‡e!



1. Ò‡cŠËwjK cy‡ivwn‡Ziv,Ó 1:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. Ò¯M©xq evwnbx,Ó 1:5 (NIV, ÒZviKv evwnbxÓ)

3. Òm`vcÖfzi w`b mwbœKU,: 1:7 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. Òhvnviv jç w`qv †MveivU Dj•Nb K‡i,Ó 1:9 (NIV, ÒmK‡j hviv †MveivU Gwo‡q c`‡ÿc †d‡jÓ)

5. Ònvgvb w` Ív,Ó 1:11 (NIV, ÒevRvi †RjvÓ)

6. ÒAvi Zvnvi g‡a¨ cïcvj I me©cÖKvi weRvZxq Rx‡ei SuvK kqb Kwi‡e,Ó 2:14 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. Ò‡h †Kn Zvnvi wbKU w`qv hvB‡e, †m wkk w`‡e, Avcb n Í mÂvjb Kwi‡e,Ó 2:15 (NIV, ÒmK‡j hviv Zvi cvk w`‡q hv‡e Zv‡K

Dcnvm I Zv‡ì gywô bvov‡eÓ) 8. ÒAvgvi cweÎ,Ó 3:11 (NIV, ÒAvgvi cweÎ cvnvoÓ)

L. e¨w³

268

1. K~kx, 1:1 c`

2. wgjKg, 1:5 (NIV, Ò†gvjKÓ)

3. K‡i_xqMY, 2:5 (NIV, ÒK‡i_xqÓ)


1. Nlv, 2:4

2. Aw¯‹‡jvb, 2:4

3. Am‡`v`, 2:4

4. B‡µvY, 2:4

5. m‡`vg I N‡gviv, 2:9

6. Bw_qwcqv, 2:12 (NIV, ÒK~kxqÓ)


1. cyivZb wbq‡gi †h †Kvb fveev`xi †P‡q †Kb mdwbq cy Í‡K `xN© esk ZvwjKv i‡q‡Q?

2. †Kb mdwb‡qi wePv‡ii fveevYx †bv‡ni Rjcøve‡bi †P‡q fqsKi wQj?

3. Òm`vcÖfzi w`bÓ GB aviYvwUi msÁv I e¨vL¨v w`b|

4. †Kb whn~`v B ªv‡q‡ji †P‡qI Avi †ewk cvcc~Y© I †`vlx wQj?

5. 3:9 c‡` wK wek¦Rbxb Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q ‡hwU ciRvwZq‡ì mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? †Kb?

6. 3:17 c` wKfv‡e Ck¦‡ii AšÍi‡K †`Lvq?

269

270

271

nMq cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO HAGGAI)

I. eBwUi bvg

K. eBwUi bvg Gi cÖPvi‡Ki bvgvbymv‡i|

L. Zvi bv‡gi A_© ÒDrme|Ó G‡Kev‡i †k‡l yod A_ev "i" n‡Z cv‡i YHWH Gi GKwU mswÿß iƒc, hw` Ò YHWH Gi DrmeÓ

(1 esk 6:30) A_ev pronoun ÒAvgviÓ AviI D‡jøL Ki‡Z cv‡i YHWH †K|

II. K¨vbb KiY






M. Òev‡ivÓ wUi k„sLjv, ev ÿz`ª fveev`x, A‡bK cwÛZ‡ì Øviv mgqvbyµg Abymv‡i hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GUv ¯úó †h nMq Ges mLwiq

HwZnvwmKfv‡e †Rvov|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GwU nj PviwU ev cvuPwU avivevwnK e³…Zv (1:13)|

L. GwU KweZvi gZ bq|

IV. iPwqZv

K. nMq D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Blªv 5:1; 6:14 c‡` Ges mLwiq 8:9 c‡` †hLv‡b wZwb mLwi‡qi mv‡_ mshy³| wZwb m¤¢eZ wQ‡jb wbe©vmb

†_‡K wd‡i Avmv GKRb|

L. Zv‡K AviI D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q 1 GWivm 6:1; 7:3; 2 GWivm 1:40 Ges Dc‡`kK 49:10 c‡` nMq 2:23 c` †_‡K D×…wZ †Ìqv

n‡q‡Q|

M. †h‡ivg e‡j‡Qb †h wZwb GKRb hvRK wQ‡jb wKš‘ GwU GKwU fzj †evSveywS †hwU G‡m‡Q 2:10-19 c` †_‡K|

N. Ewald Ges Pusey g‡b K‡ib †h 2:3 c` Bw½Z †`q †h wZwb k‡jvg‡bi gw›ì †`‡L‡Qb †hwU Zv‡K 70 ev 80 eQ‡ii cÖvPxb K‡i|

O. Av‡j·Rvw› ªqvi Cyril D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb GKwU mvaviY gZ Zvi mgqKvj m¤‡Ü †h wZwb GKRb ~Z wQ‡jb| GwU G‡m‡Q 1:13 c‡`

GKwU wneªæ Uvg© ÒevZ©vevnKÓ fzj †evSv †_‡K|

P. LXX †ek wKQz MxZ‡K nMq Ges mdwb‡qi e‡j gZ w`‡q‡Q: 112, 126, 127, 137, 146-149|

Q. nM‡qi PviwU e³…Zvi me KqwUB third person G wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q †hwU Bw½Z †`q:

1. GKwU cÖPwjZ mvwnZ¨ †KŠkj,

2. GKRb †jLK ev m¤úv`‡Ki|

V. ZvwiL

272

K. Zvi mgKvjxb whiwg‡qi mv‡_ nMq wQ‡jb wbe©vmb DËi fveev`x|

L. GB eB‡qi ZvwiL 1g `wiqvem Hystaspes (Lªxó c~e© 521-486) Gi wØZxq erm‡ii lô gv‡mi cÖ_g w`b (1:1) †_‡K beg gv‡mi

PweŸkZg w`b ch©šÍ(2:10,20)| †mRb¨, ZvwiL nj Lªxó c~e© 520 Aã| GwU wQj Lªxó c~e© 516 A‡ã wØZxq gw›ì wbg©vb Kv‡Ri

mgvwßi Pvi eQi c~‡e©, Ges whiwg‡qi 70 eQ‡ii wbe©vm‡bi fveevYx cywic~Y©Zv †h wbe©vm‡bi m~Pbv n‡qwQj Lªxó c~e© 586 A‡ã|

VI. mgqKv‡ji mgqvbyµg (The Minor Prophets by Dr. Theo Laetsch, published by Concordia, p. 385 ‡_‡K †bIqv

n‡q‡Q|)

`vwiqvem Regnal eQi, Lªx. c~. gvm w`b ‡jLwb welqe ‘ ermi

2 520 6 1 nMq 1:1-11 nMq †jvK‡ì mwµqvZvq

‡m‡Þ/A‡±vei RvwM‡q †Zv‡jb

24 nMq 1:12-15 †jv‡Kiv wbg©vY Ki‡Z ïiæ

K‡i

7 1 nMq 2:1-9 Ck¦‡ii gw›`‡ii cieZx©

A‡±v/b‡f¤i †MŠie

8 ? mL 1:1-6 mLwiq fveevYx ej‡Z

b‡f/wW‡m¤i ïiæ K‡ib

9 24 nMq 2:10-19 Ck¦i Avevi Avkxe©v`

wW‡m/Rvbyqvix Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ Ki‡eb

nMq 2:20-23 RM‡Zi kw³mg~n‡K Le©

Kivi c‡i gkx‡ni ivR¨

cÖwZôv n‡e

519 11 24 mL 1:7-6:8 mLwi‡qi ivwÎ `k©b

‡deªæ/gvP©

mL 6:9-15 wh‡nvk~‡qi ivR¨vwf‡lK

gkx‡ni hvRK‡Z¡i c~e©

Qvqv

4 518 9 4 mL 7,8 gb cwieZ©‡bi Avnevb;

wW‡m/Rvbyqvix Avkxe©v‡ì cÖwZÁv

6 516 12 3 Blªv 6:15 gw›ì DrmMx©KiY

gvP©/GwcÖj

? mL 9-14 gw›ì DrmM©Ki‡Yi c‡i

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK ÑÑ fveev`xi e³…Zvi Øviv GB iƒc‡iLv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

K. cÖ_g e³…Zv, 1:1-11, gw›ì cyb:wbg©vY!

L. †bZv‡ì I †jvK‡ì mvov cÖ vb, 1:12-15

273

M. wØZxq e³…Zv, 2:1-9, gw›`‡ii AvKvi †Kvb welq bq!

N. Z…Zxq e³…Zv, 2:10-19, Ck¦‡ii Avkxe©v` †b‡g Avm‡e hw` †jv‡Kiv eva¨ nq I gw›`‡ii cyb:wbg©vY K‡i

O. PZz_© e³…Zv, 2:20-23, miæeŸvwe‡j gkx‡ni wek¦Rbxb ivR‡Z¡i c~e© Qvqv|

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. GB eB‡qi jÿ¨ wØZxq gw›ì cyb:wbg©vY †hwU †ek K‡qK eQi Av‡M †_‡K Ae‡njvq c‡o Av‡Q:

1. Blªv 5:16 ( cÖ_g eQi Ñ †klem‡ii Aax‡b)

2. Blªv 3:18-13 (wØZxq eQi Ñ miæeŸvwe‡ji Aax‡b)

L. Ck¦‡ii cÖwZÁv ZrÿYvr ‰`wnK Avkxe©v` Ges fwel¨‡Z gkx‡ni Avkxe©v` mshy³ gw›ì cyb:wbg©v‡Yi mv‡_ (†gvwki wbq‡gi

cyb:cÖwZôv)|

M. gw›`‡ii AvKvi Ges gh©v`v †Kvb welq wQj bv, eis Gi Dcw ’wZ| Ck¦‡ii Dcw ’wZ †hwU cÖwZwKKiY n‡q‡Q mwZ¨Kvi †MŠi‡e!



1. ÒAvcb Avcb Qv` AvUv M„n,Ó 1:4 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. Ò†Zvgvi c_ we‡ePbv Ki,Ó 1:5,7 (NIV, ÒhZœkxj wPšÍv `vI...Ó)

3. ÒAvwg mKj RvwZ‡K K¤úvwbœZ Kwie,Ó 2:7 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. ÒGB M„‡ni c~e© cÖZvc DËi cÖZv‡ci †P‡qI ¸iæZ&i nB‡e,Ó 2:9 9 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. ÒmiæeŸvwej...Avwg †Zvgv‡K gy`ªYv_©K A½yixq¯iƒc ivwLe,Ó 2:23 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. e¨w³

1. 1g `vwiqvem, 1:1

2. miæeŸvwej, 1:1

3. wh‡nvk~q, 1:1

4. ÒevwnbxM‡Yi m`vcÖfz,Ó 1:2 (NIV, Òme©kw³gvb Ck¦iÓ)

X. gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb Ñ bvB!


1. GB eB‡qi †Kw› ªq welq wK?

2. †Kb wbe©vmb DËi wd‡i Avmv whn~`x‡ì whn~`vq GiKg KwVb mgq wQj?

3. 2 Aa¨v‡qi †Kvb Ask gkxn welqK? †Kb?

4. e¨vL¨v Kiæb 2:3 c`|

5. e¨vL¨v Kiæb 2:10-19 c`|

6. †Kb miæeŸvwej m¤‡Ü Ggb gnvb GKwU welq ejv n‡q‡Q hLb Zvi m¤úv`‡bi BwZnvm Lye mvgvb¨ wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q? (2:20-23)

274

275

276

mLwiq cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO ZECHARIAH)

I. eBwUi bvg

K. eBwUi bvg Gi fveev`xi bvgvbymv‡i|

L. Zvi bv‡gi A_© ÒYHWH ¯§iY iv‡Lb,Ó ÒYHWH Gi Øviv ¯§i‡Y ivLv,Ó A_ev ÒYHWH ¯§iY K‡i‡Qb|Ó Zvi bvg Bw½Z †`q

†h GLbI YHWH whn~`x‡ì mv‡_ Av‡Qb Ges wbqg cyb ’vcb K‡i‡Qb|

II. K¨vbb KiY


L. GwU Òev‡ivÓ wUi g‡a¨ GKwU, ÿz`ª fveev`x‡ì GKwU `j (Baba Bathra 14b):




M. Òev‡ivÓ wUi k„sLjv, ev ÿz`ª fveev`x, A‡bK cwÛZ‡ì Øviv mgqvbyµg Abymv‡i hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GUv ¯úó †h nMq Ges mLwiq

HwZnvwmKfv‡e †Rvov MVb K‡i‡Q|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. GB eBwU nj inm¨ D`NvUbg~jK mvwn‡Zï GKwU D`vniY:

1. 1-8 Aa¨vq g~jZ M`¨|

2. 9-14 Aa¨vq g~jK KweZv|

L. GB mvwnZ¨ ixwZ whn~`x‡ì Kv‡Q Abb¨| GwU cÖvqB D‡ËRbv c~Y© mg‡q eëüZ nq GB wek¦vm cÖKv‡k †h Ck¦i BwZnvm wbq ¿‡Y Ges

Zuvi †jvK‡ì gyw³ Avbqb Ki‡eb|

M. GwU êwkó¨gq n‡q‡Q hvi Øviv:

1. Ck¦‡ii wek¦&Rbxb mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡ `„p AšÍwb©wnZ A_©,

2. GB hy‡M fvj I g‡›ì g‡a¨Kvi msMÖvg,

3. ‡Mvcb mvs‡KwZK k‡ãi eënvi,

4. is‡qi eënvi,

5. msL¨vi eënvi,

6. RxeRš‘i eënvi, KLbI KLbI RxeRš‘/gvbyl,

7. Ck¦i Zuvi †hvMv‡hvM cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb ¯cœ I `k©‡bi Øviv mvaviYZ `~‡Zi ga¨ ’Zvi gva¨‡g|

8. g~L¨Z fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K jÿ¨ ivLv|

N. wKQz Ab¨vb¨ D`vniY nj:

1. cyivZb wbqg

K. `vwb‡qj 7-12

L. whwn‡¯‹j 37-48 (?)

2. b~Zb wbqg

K. gw_ 24, gvK© 13, j~K 21, 2 w_l 2

L. cÖKvwkZ evK¨

3. K¨vbbK…Z bq

K. 1 B‡bvL

L. 4 G ªv (GWivm)

277

M. 2 eviæL

O. cyivZb wbq‡gi me‡P‡q AÁvZ eB e‡j Jerome G‡K AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| Z_vwc GwU e¨vcKfv‡e byZb wbq‡g c‡ivÿ fv‡e D‡jøwLZ

n‡q‡Q:

1. 1-8 Aa¨vq cÖKvwkZ ev‡K¨|

2. 9-14 Aa¨vq mymgvPv‡i|

P. GB `k©b e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z KwVb wKš‘ hw` Avgiv HwZnvwmK Ae ’vb gv_vq ivwL Z‡e Zv Aek¨B wbe©vmb DËi whiƒkv‡j‡gi gw›ì

cyb:wbg©v‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| †m¸wj ÿgvi b~Zb w`b Ges gkx‡ni AvMg‡bi w`‡K jÿ¨ iv‡L|

IV. iPwqZv

K. mLwiq wQj Lye cÖPwjZ wneªæ bvg| GwU `yB fv‡e evbvb Kiv †hZ: Zechariah A_ev Zachariah| cyivZb wbq‡g 27 Rb †jvK Av‡Q

hviv "e" eënvi K‡i evbvb wj‡L‡Qb Ges 2 Rb hviv "a" eënvi K‡i‡Qb|

L. 1:1 c` ej‡Q †h wZwb GKRb hvRK (Blªv 5:1; 6:14; bwn 12:4,16)| †Kb †ewiwLq, hv‡K 1:1 c‡` D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡K Blªv

5:1 Ges 6:14 c‡` ev` †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Zv AwbwðZ| GwU mLwiq‡K nMq Ges gvjvwL Ges m¤¢eZ Iew`q I †hv‡q‡ji gZ wbe©vmb

DËi fveev`x Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv|

M. A‡bK AvaywbK cwÛ‡Ziv mLwi‡qi GKZv A¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb| GB Kvi‡Y †h 1-8 Aa¨vq 9-14 Aa¨vq †_‡K G‡Kev‡i Avjv`v| 1-8

Aa¨v‡q fveev`xi bvg Av‡Q Ges HwZnvwmK ZvwiL †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| GB †cÖÿvcU ¯úóZ wbe©vmb DËi| GB AskwU e¨vcK fv‡e †hvnb

Zvi cÖKvwkZ ev‡K¨ c‡ivÿ fv‡e D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| hwÌ, 9-14 Aa¨vq ZvwiL Qvov| fveev`xi †Kvb bvg †bB| HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU

eschatological| GB AskwU cÖvqB mymgvPv‡i c‡ivÿ fv‡e D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q| gw_ 27:9 c‡` hxï GKwU D×…wZ whiwg‡qi bv‡g

K‡i‡Qb †hwU mLwiq 11:12-13 c` †_‡K G‡m‡Q| GUvB wQj mLwiq 9-14 Aa¨vq †jLK wnmv‡e mLwiq‡K A¯xKvi Kivi cÖeYZvi

ïiæ| hwÌ, giæmvM‡ii cuyw_‡Z mLwiq GKwU GKK| Af¨šÍixY †ek wKQz welq Av‡Q hv GKZvi w`‡K †`Lvq:

1. Ò`yBÓ msL¨vi eënvi Ñ 4:3; 5:9; 6:1; 11:7; 13:8,

2. VOCATIVE Gi eënvi Ñ 2:7,10; 3:2,8; 4:7; 9:9,13; 11:1-2; 13:7,

3. ÒMgbvMgbÓ kã¸‡”Qi eënvi †hwU mLwiq‡K Abb¨ K‡i‡Q Ñ7:14; 9:8,

4. Òm`vcÖfz ewjqv‡QbÓ Gi evi evi eënvi Ñ 16 evi eëüZ n‡q‡Q,

5. Òevm KivÓ Gi qal iƒc Ñ 2:8; 7:7; 12:6; 14:10|

(G¸wj †bIqv n‡q‡Q R.K. Harrison's Introduction to the Old Testament, p.954 †_‡K|) eBwUi GKZvi wel‡q AviI

Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ (E.J. Young's Introduction to the Old Testament, p.280)|

N. mZ¨ GB †h mLwiq HwZnvwmK I fwel¨r wefvM wb‡q MwVZ n‡q‡Q G‡Z Avðh© nIqv DwPr bq| Avgiv GB ai‡Yi bgybv Av‡MI

†`‡LwQ:

1. whkvBq 1-39 Ges 40-66

2. whwn‡¯‹j 1-29 Ges 30-48

3. `vwb‡qj 1-6 Ges 7-12

O. Andrew Hill I John Walton on p. 421 Øviv cyivZb wbq‡gi GKwU b~Zb cwiwPwZ iƒc‡iLv K‡i‡Q Dfq wefvMB avivevwnK

chiasmi Øviv| GB mymvgÄm¨c~Y© mvwnZ¨ †KŠkj fwel¨r cÖgvY w`‡q‡Q GKRb †jL‡Ki|

V. ZvwiL

K. mLwiq 1:1 c` e‡j †h 1g `vwiqve‡mi (Lªxó c~e© 522-486) ivR‡Z¡i wØZxq erm‡ii 8g gv‡m fveev`x Zvi cwiPh© v KvR ïiæ

K‡iwQ‡jb| †ewki fvM cwÛ‡Ziv ej‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb †h GB 1g `vwiqvem wnmUªv‡cm whwb 2q K¨vgevwmm (530-522), 2q †Kvi‡mi

cyÎ, whwb Lªxó c~e© 522 A‡ã gviv wM‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi c‡i cvim¨ ivR¨ AwaKvi K‡iwQ‡jb| `vwiqvem cvim¨ ˆmbëvwnwb‡Z GKRb

†mbvcwZ wQ‡jb|

L. GwU ZvwiL †`q Lªxó c~e© 519-520 Aã| (nM‡qi 2 gvm c‡i)| wZwb `yB eQi cÖPvi KvR K‡iwQ‡jb (1:1,7; 7:1)|


278

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK (Introduction to the Old Testament by R.K. Harrison, p. 950 †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q|)

K. ZvwiL mn fveevYx, 1-8 Aa¨vq

1. cwiwPwZ Ges gb cwieZ©‡bi Avnevb, 1:1-6

2. AvUwU `k©b †h¸wj whiƒkv‡j‡gi gw›ì cyb:wbg©v‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z, 1:7-6:15

K. PviRb †NvovmIqvi; ¯Mx©q cyb ’vc‡bi cÖwZÁv, 1:7-17

L. PviwU asmKvix k„sM Ges PviRb Kg©Kvi, 1:18-21 (Beªxq 2:1-4)

M. whiƒkv‡j‡gi Acwigvcwbq gnË¡, 2:1-13 (Beªxq 2:5-17)

N. wh‡nvk~‡qi ïwPKiY, GKwU ˆèevYx; Zvi cÖwZ, 3:1-10

O. mß kvLvi `xc`vwb, 4:1-14

P. e„nr, DošÍ ¸Uv‡bv cy ÍK, 5:1-4

Q. evwej †_‡K †ei nIqv Hdv cv‡Î gwnjv, 5:5-11

R. PviwU †Nvovq Uvbv i_ c„w_exi AvovAvwo, 6:1-8

3. HwZnvwmK wefvM: wh‡nvk~q gkx‡ni cÖwZwKKiY, 6:9-15|

4. Dcevm m¤ú‡K© mLwi‡q AbymÜvb, 7:1-8:23|

L. fveevYxi nvjbvMv`, 9-14

1. RvwZi kÎæ‡ì wePvi; kvwšÍi ivRvi AvMgb, 9:1-17

2. Hk¦ixK †bZvi Øviv g‡bvbxZ †gl‡ì GKÎxKiY, 10:1-12

3. DËg Ges g~L© †glcvjK; †gl‡ì Kó‡fvM, 11:1-17

4. Eschatological ‰èevYx, 12:1-13:6

5. Hk¦ixK iv‡Rï wbLuyZ wePvi, 13:7-14:21

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

K. GB eB‡qi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ gw›ì wbg©v‡b wd‡i Avmv whn~`x‡ì Drmvn cÖ vb| GwU ïiæ n‡qwQj ‡klemi Øviv, Blªv 1:8; 5:16, wKš‘

miæeŸvwe‡ji Aax‡b wbqwgZ Pjgvb wQj bv| †ek wKQz eQi a‡i gw›ì cyb:wbg©vY Ae‡nwjZ wQj| nMq ej‡Z †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb †h Gi

Kvib nj †jvK‡ì D`vwmbZv hLb Blªv Bw½Z w`‡qwQ‡jb †h GUv wQj Pvicv‡ki cÖ‡`k mg~‡ni, we‡kl K‡i kgwiqvi ivR‰bwZK

mvgwiK Abykxjb|

1. Blªv 5:16 ( cÖ_g eQi Ñ †klem‡ii Aax‡b)

2. Blªv 3:18-13 (wØZxq eQi Ñ miæeŸvwe‡ji Aax‡b)

L. GB eBwU LyeB gkxn welqK| hxïi Rxe‡bi A‡bK fveevYx G‡m‡Q 9-14 Aa¨v‡q:

1. ivRv b¤ª Ges Mvavi ev”Pvi wc‡V Dcweô, 9:9,

2. wÎk †mKj iƒcvq wewµZ, GKRb µxZ`v‡mi `vg Ges mgvwa ’vb wnmv‡e Kz¤¢Kv‡ii †ÿÎ, 11:13,

3. `vqy‡ì eskai‡ì Dc‡i ¸iæZ¡ vb, 12:4-9,

4. ÒZvnviv hvnv‡K we× Kwiqv‡Q, †mB Avgvi cÖwZ `„wó Kwi‡e.., 12:10|

M. wek¦Rbxb fvjevmv Ges Ck¦‡ii ivRZ¡ †`Lv wM‡q‡Q 2:11; 8:20-23; 14:9,16 c‡`| wKš‘ 9-14 Aa¨v‡q wek¦Rbxb we‡ ªvn mKj

†jvK‡ì †evSv¯iƒc, 12:3 Ges 14:2 (MxZ 2)|



1. wd‡i Avmv, 1:3 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. Òwhiƒkv‡j‡gi c‡ÿ I wm‡qv‡bi c‡ÿ Avwg gnvAšÍR¡©vjvq R¡vjvhy³ nBqvwQ,Ó 1:14 (NASB Ges NIV)

3. ÒGKwU gvcwb †iLv whiƒkv‡j‡gi Dc‡i we ÍvwiZ n‡e,Ó 1:16 (NASB Ges NIV)

4. PviwU k„sM, 1:18-21 (NASB Ges NIV)

5. ÒAvwg Zvi Pviw`‡K Av¸‡bi †Ìqvj n‡ev,Ó 2:5 (NIV, ÒAvwg wb‡R Gi Pviw`‡K Av¸‡bi †Ìqvj n‡evÓ)

6. ÒZvnvi P‡ÿi Zviv,Ó 2:8 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. Òwh‡nvk~q gwjb e ¿ cwiwnZ n‡hwQ‡jb,Ó 3:3 (NASB Ges NIV)

8. DošÍ ¸Uv‡bv cy ÍK, 5:1 (NASB Ges NIV)

279

9. †Uivwdg, 10:2 (NIV, ÒcÖwZgvÓ)

10. `yBwU cuvPwb: ÒcÖmbœZv I HKëÜb,Ó 11:7,14 (NASB Ges NIV)

11. ÒAvwg whiƒkv‡jg‡K cvbcvÎ¯iƒc Kwie...GKwU fvix cv_i,Ó (NIV, ÒAbo ce©ZÓ)

12. Òwhiƒkv‡jg nB‡Z RxešÍ Rj cÖevwnZ nB‡e,Ó 14:8 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. e¨w³

1. †ewiwLq, 1:1,7

2. m`vcÖfzi `~Z, 1:11; 3:1

3. kqZvb, 3:1-2

4. kvLv, 3:8; 6:12

5. Ò`yBRb Awfwl³ e¨w³,Ó 4:14

6. n``wi‡¤§vb, 12:112 (NIV, Òn`` wi‡¤§vbÓ)


1. wm‡qvb, 1:14

2. wm‡bvi, 5:11 (NIV, ÒevwejÓ)

3. ‰e‡_j

4. nvgv_, 9:2

5. gvwM‡Ï mgf~wg, 12:11

6. ˆRZzb ce©Z, 14:4


1. wKfv‡e mLwiq nM‡qi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

2. wKfv‡e 1:7-6:8 c‡ì `k©b m¤úwK©Z?

3. GB eB‡Z cvIqv gkx‡ni Dcvwai ZvwjKv Kiæb|

4. 4 Aa¨v‡qi `yBwU RjcvB MvQ Kviv?

5. 7-8 Aa¨v‡q KqwU Dcevm w`‡bi ZvwjKv Kiv n‡q‡Q?

6. 9-14 Aa¨v‡q fveevYxi ZvwjKv Kiæb †h¸wj Lªx‡ói Rxe‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z|

280

281

282

gvjvLx cy¯Í‡Ki f~wgKv

(INTRODUCTION TO MALACHI)

I. eBwUi bvg

K. eBwUi bvg Gi fveev`xi bvgvbymv‡i|

L. Zvi bv‡gi A_© ÒAvgvi evZ©vevnK|Ó

1. GUv n‡Z cv‡i GKwU Dcvwa, ÒAvgvi evZ©vevnK,Ó 3:1|

2. GUv n‡Z cv‡i ÒAvgvi ~Z|Ó

3. GUv n‡Z cv‡i GKwU proper bvg|

II. K¨vbb KiY


L. GwU Òev‡ivÓ wUi g‡a¨ GKwU, ÿz`ª fveev`x‡ì GKwU `j (Baba Bathra 14b):




M. Òev‡ivÓ wUi k„sLjv, ev ÿz`ª fveev`x, A‡bK cwÛZ‡ì Øviv mgqvbyµg Abymv‡i hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GUv ¯úó †h gvjvwL n‡jb †kl ÿz`ª

fveev`x|

III. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

K. eBwU diatribe eënvi K‡i‡Q mZ¨ Zz‡j aivi Rb¨| GwU nj cÖkœ Ges DËi Abymv‡i mw¾Z| GKwU mZ¨ Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges

Zvic‡i GKRb a‡i †bIqv cÖwZevw` GKwU cÖkœ wRÁvmv K‡i‡Q ev GKwU gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Q hvi DËi e³v w`‡q‡Q|

L. gvjvwL‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Òwneªæ m‡µwUm|Ó

M. ‡cŠj I hv‡Kve GB GKB iKg c×wZ eënvi K‡i‡Qb mZ¨ Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z|

N. GB KvVv‡gv †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i, ÒwKš‘ Zzwg ej‡Qv....Ó, 1:2,6,7 (`yÕevi), 12. 13; 2:14, 17(`yÕevi): 3:7,8, 13,14|

O. GwU wneªæ KweZv bq|

IV. iPwqZv

K. wneªæ Uvg© "malachi" eëüZ n‡q‡Q 1:1 c‡` hvi A_© Ò`~ZÓ ev ÒevZ©vevnK|Ó

1. †ewki fvM †jvK G‡K wb‡q‡Q proper bvg wnmv‡e|

2. LXX G‡K GKwU Dcvwa wnmv‡e wb‡q‡Q (3:1)|

3. Origen wPšÍv K‡i‡Qb GwU GKRb ~Z‡K D‡jøL Ki‡Q|

L. Talmud (Mecillah 15a) ej‡Q g ©Lq eBwU wj‡L‡Qb|

M. †hvbv_‡bi Aramaic Targum ej‡Q †h GUv wQj Blªvi GKwU Dcvwa| GB e¨vL¨v AbymiY K‡i‡Qb: Jerome, Rashi Ges

Calvin|

N. †hv‡ldvm Zvi Antiquities of the Jews, 11:4-5 G D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb gvjvwL Qvov mKj wbe©vmb DËi †jv‡Ki bvg|

283

O. GB eB †_‡K b~Zb wbq‡gi †Kvb D×…wZ‡Z Zvi bvg KL‡bv †`Lv hvqwb A‡bï mv‡_ mgš‡q|

P. 2 GWivm wbe©vmb DËi fveev`x‡ì ZvwjKv K‡i‡Q †hgb nMq, mLwiq Ges gvjvwL|

Q. †h‡nZz Ab¨ †Kvb fveev`xg~jK eB Gi mv‡_ mv „k¨c~Y©, gvjvwL Aek¨B GKwU proper bvg| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, †jLKZ¡ KL‡bvB

Aby‡cÖiYv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i bv|

V. ZvwiL

K. HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvc‡U bwnwgq I gvjvwLi g‡a¨ Lye eo iK‡gi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q:

1. `kgvsk `v‡bi wel‡q D‡ËRbv, gvjv 3:8; bwn 10:32-39,

2. `wi ªiv Ae‡nwjZ nw”Qj, gvjv 3:5; bwn 5:1-5,

3. AvšÍ-agx©q weevn, gvjv 2:10,11; bwn 13:1-3.23-24 (Blªv 9:1-2)|

L. me‡P‡q DËg cQ›` nj Lªxó c~e© 450-430 Aã, 1g AZ©ÿ‡ Íi ìev‡i bwnwg‡qi wd‡i hvevi c‡i, bwn 13:6|

VI. B‡`vgxq I Beªxq‡ì g‡a¨ HwZnvwmK m¤úK©, 1:2-5

K. Zv‡ì ejv n‡qwQj GKRb Ab¨‡K AvZ¥x‡qi gZ m¤§vb Ki‡Z:

1. MYbv 20:14

2. wØ we 2:4-6

L. Zv‡ì mv‡_ Zv‡ì A‡bK wel‡q weZK© wQj:

1. MYbv 20:14-21

2. wePvi 11:16 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`

3. 1 kg~ 14:47-48

M. Zv‡ì weiæ‡× fveevYx:

1. MYbv 24:18

2. whkv 34:5 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 63:1 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`

3. whi 49:7 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`

4. wejvc 4:21-22

5. whwn 26:12 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 35:13 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 36:2-6

6. Av‡gvl 1:11-12

VII. mvwnZ¨ GKK

K. gvjvwLi iƒc‡iLv Zvi QqwU ZK©-weZK© ev diatribe AbymiY K‡i‡Q| gvjvwL Ck¦‡ii c‡ÿ K_v e‡j‡Qb, †jv‡Kiv mvov cÖ vb K‡i‡Q

Ges gvjvLx Avevi Ck¦‡ii c‡ÿ K_v e‡j‡Qb|

L. iƒc‡iLv

1. wd‡i Avmv whn~`x‡ì Rb¨ Ck¦‡ii fvjevmv, 1:2-5

2. hvRK‡ì Ck¦‡ii †`vlvic, 1:6-2:9

3. Ck¦‡ii weevn we‡”Q` I AvšÍ-agx©q weev‡ni cÖwZ Awf‡hvM, 2:10-16

4. Zv‡ì Lvivc g‡bvfv‡ei Rb¨ Ck¦‡ii Awf‡hvM (†Kv_vq b¨vq wePv‡ii Ck¦i?), 2:17-3:6

5. gw›`‡i Zv‡ì `v‡bi Rb¨ Ck¦‡ii Awf‡hvM, 3:7-12

6. Zv‡ì Lvivc g‡bvfv‡ei Rb¨ Ck¦‡ii Awf‡hvM (Ck¦‡ii †mev Kiv wbi_©K!), 3:13-4:3

7. P~ovšÍ Awf‡hvM I cÖwZÁv, 4:4-6

VIII. cÖavb mZ¨

284

K. gvjvwL wd‡i Avmv whn~`x‡ì D`vwmbZv I AvkvnxbZvi cv‡ci wel‡q wjwce× K‡i‡Q|

L. GB eBwU‡Z †ek K‡qKwU wek¦Rbxb gšÍe¨ i‡q‡Q| Ck¦i B ªv‡qj‡K eënvi Ki‡eb mviv RM‡Z †cŠQvevi Rb¨, 1:5, 11, 14; 3:12|

M. Ck¦‡ii †jv‡Kiv Zuvi PwiÎ mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q:

1. 2:17 Ñ Ck¦i b¨vq wePv‡i KvR Ki‡Qb bv|

2. 3:6 Ñ Ck¦‡ii AcwieZ©wbq PwiÎB GKgvÎ KviY hvi Rb¨ B ªv‡q‡ji GLbI Aw ÍZ¡ i‡q‡Q|

3. 3:14 Ñ Ck¦i‡K †mev Kiv wbi_©K|

N. GB eBwU‡Z gkxn welqK Avkv i‡q‡Q, 3:1; 4:5|



1. ‰èevYx, 1:1 (NASB Ges NIV)

2. ÒwKš‘ Zzwg ewj‡ZQ,Ó 1:12 (NIV, ÒwKš‘ Zzwg wRÁvmv Ki‡Qv...Ó)

3. Ò‡Zvgiv LÄ I iæMœ Dcw ’Z KwiqvQ,Ó 1:8 (NIV, ÒLÄ Ges †ivMMÖ ’ cïÓ)

4. Ò‡Zvgiv N„wYZ fv‡e Bnv‡Z dzu w`qvQ,Ó 1:13 (NIV, Ò†Zvgiv NyYvq G‡Z duy w`‡q‡QvÓ)

5. ÒexR‡K f©rmbv Kwie,Ó 2:3 (NIV, Ò†Zvgvi eskai‡ì wZi¯‹vi KwieÓ)

6. Òm`vcÖfz, hvnv‡K †Zvgiv LuywR‡ZQ, wZwb nVvr Kwiqv gw›`‡i Dcw ’Z nB‡eb,Ó 3:1 (NASB Ges NIV)

7. Òwh‡nvk~q gwjb e ¿ cwiwnZ n‡qwQ‡jb,Ó 3:3 (NASB Ges NIV)

8. Ò¯§iYv_©K cy ÍK,Ó 3:16 (NIV, Ò¯§iYv_©K ¸Uv‡bv cy ÍKÓ)

9. Ò‡Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ avwg©KZvi m~h© Dw`Z nB‡eb, Zvnvi cÿcyU Av‡ivM¨`vqK,Ó 4:2 (NASB Ges NIV)

L. e¨w³

1. G‡mŠ, 1:2-3

2. hv‡Kve, 1:2

3. †jex, 2:4

4. gvqvwe, 3:5

5. cvi`vwiK, 3:5

6. fveev`x Gwjq, 4:5


1. B‡`vg, 1:4

2. whn~`v, 2:11

3. B ªv‡qj, 2:11

4. †nv‡ie, 4:4


1. wKfv‡e gvjvwL KvVv‡gvK…Z n‡q‡Q?

2. †Kb 1:2 c‡` G‡mŠi K_v D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q?

3. wKfv‡e hvR‡Kiv I †jv‡Kiv YHWH Gi cÖwZ Zv‡ì AkÖ×v †`wL‡q‡Q?

4. 2:2; 3:9 c‡` D‡jøwLZ Awfkvc kv‡ ¿ †Kv_v †_‡K G‡m‡Q? G‡Z AšÍ©f~³ wK?

5. 2:16 c‡` Ck¦i †Kb e‡j‡Qb †h wZwb weevn we‡”Q` N„Yv K‡ib?

6. wKfv‡e gkxn gw›`‡i nVvr K‡i Avm‡eb?

285

7. 3:6 †Kb GZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?

8. Ck¦i wK `kgvs‡mi Rb¨ mg„w×i cÖwZÁv K‡i‡Qb?

9. Gwjq wK hxïi Av‡M Avm‡eb?

286

287

Documents

cyivZb wbqg cwiµgv Avw`cy¯K Ñ gvjvLx · wQj cv_wgK fv‡e cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨‡`i Zvrchc~Y mvÿ¨| Avwg hLb eq:cvß njvg, m‡½ m‡½ Avgvi wb‡Ri wel‡q Ges Avgvi RMr m¤ú‡K