:

D-Link

, 2006

D-Link

2

. .......................................................................................................................5

: ....5 . ...............................................6

.....................................................................................................7 ..................................................7 ..............................8 IEEE 802.3x ...................................9

.................................................................................................................9 OSI .........................................................................10 .............................................................12 ...........................................12 ......................................................................13 ........................................................................................14

...............................................................15 xStack ..............................................................................................................19 . Single IP Management .....................................23

, ............................25 ......................................................25 ..................................................................................................26 ..........................................................................................................27

..............................................................................28 ............................29

........................................................................................30 ..............................................................31 ........................................................................................................................31 ...................................................................................................32 ..................................................................................................................32

D-LINK............................................................................................................................33 ...........................................................................................34 ............................................................................35 ..................................................................................................37

................................................................................................39

, ....................39 .....................................................................................................39 .............................................................41 ..................................................................................43 ..............................................................................................43 .............................................................................45 Web- ..............................49

..................................................50

VLAN ........................................................................................51 VLAN..................................................................................................................................51

VLAN .........................................................................................................52

D-Link

3

VLAN MAC- ............................................................................................53 VLAN IEEE 802.1Q.........................................................54 IEEE 802.1Q ..............................................................................................55 VLAN 802.1Q ..........................................................................55 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN ....................................................................................................56 Port VLAN ID ..........................................................................................................................57 Tagged Untagged .............................................................................................................59 .................................................................................61

VLAN CLI.......................................................................62 VLAN............................................................................................................64 1. VLAN ..........................................................................................................................66 2. VLAN ........................................................................................................................69

..............72 CLI ...........................76 1. .....................................................................77 2. IEEE 802.3ad ................................................................................................79

SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL (IEEE 802.1D) .................................................................................82 ........................................................................................................................82 .........................................................................................82 .....................................................................................82 ......................................................................................................83

STP................................................................................................................87 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1w)...............................................................92 IEEE 802.1w .................................................................................................95 / ..................................................98 ..................................................................................99 IEEE 802.1d/IEEE 802.1w ..............................................................100 .......................................................................................101 STP 802.1d RSTP 802.1w ..........................................101 STP CLI.................................................102

(QOS) ...........................................................................................................104 (IEEE 802.1).....................................................104 CLI.....107

......................................................................................109 CLI.............109

....................................................................................................111 Port Security ................................................111 Port Security CLI .................................................................112

.................................................................................................................114 Traffic Segmentation CLI...............................115

IEEE 802.1 ..............................................................................................................116 .......................................................................................................................116 .....................................................................................118 IEEE 802.1 .........................................................119 IEEE 802.1 CLI ................................................120

ACCESS CONTROL LISTS (ACL).....................................................................................................123 .........................................................................123

D-Link

4

( Web-) ...........123 Access Control Lists (ACL) CLI ....................128 ........................................................................................131

.........................................................................................................139 ..........................................................................139 - .................................................................................139 ..................................................................................140 IGMP v1.............................................................................................................140 IGMP v2.............................................................................................................141

2 ...........................................142 IGMP- snooping CLI.........................................144

: ...............................................................................................................................148

. .....................................................................149

. ..........................................................................................150

D-Link

5

.

:

. , . , - , . , .

1

, , .

, 3- , VLAN . , .

:

, .

VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) ,

D-Link

6

, .

, .

, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet.

1990- , . () , . , .

. , ( , ). , .

. , .

:

, .

, .

.

.

:

; ; .

D-Link , .

D-Link

7

.

, . , .

(transparent bridge) IEEE 802.1, Ethernet. - . , 1 1, , (forwarding database). . , , , - (content-addressable memory, CAM). , , . . , , . , , .

2

D-Link

8

. , - - . , - , , , . , , , . (flooding). . , . (broadcast) , . - , , , . (broadcast storm).

, . (filtering) , - . , .

: .

- , , 1.

, - - - . , . , , . , , , 2.

1 (collision domain) Ethernet, , . 2 . .

D-Link

9

IEEE 802.3x

, . (, ) - (, ) . - -, . , , , - (. 3).

3 IEEE 802.3x

- Ethernet . - - () /. , - .

.

(store-and-forward) . ( , 64 1518 ), . , . , , .

- , .

D-Link

10

(cut-through) ( 6 ) , . , . :

(fast-forward switching) , , . . , , , .

(fragment-free switching) , . , 64 . , , 64 . , , , . .

OSI

OSI, , . 2 (Layer 2 Switch), 2 3 (Layer 3 Switch) .

2 , OSI. 2 . 2- , OSI.

2- . , . , Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC). , , .

2 2- . . ( ), , , .

2- , .

D-Link

11

(broadcast) , .

, , 3- OSI .

2 3 ( 3- ) , -. 3- ( 2) ( 3) OSI . , ( 2) ( 3) . 3 .

3- :

( , IP-)

3- IP- .

3- , , ASIC. .

D-Link 3- Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet. xStack DGS-3324SR, DGS-3324SRi, DXS-3326GSR, DXS-3350SR DES-3352SR, DGS-3312SR, DES-6500 .

4- 3, (, Telnet FTP). D-Link 4- ( , ) , .

2, 3 4. :

- / IP- / (3-)

/

.

D-Link

12

,

, . , , . , . MAC- . .

. ASIC, ( -) . , (), , , RISC- .

ASIC 2 - ASIC, ( ) ASIC, . / ASIC , , - .

3 :

(cross-bar); (shared memory); .

.

(cross-bar) - , . , , .

- , . ( ). . , cross-bar ,

D-Link

13

. , cross-bar .

4

(shared memory switch) . . , , 5 , .

5

D-Link

14

(backplane) , . 6 - , ASIC. , , .

6

, , ,

2*1N i / ( N , Cpi -

, i- )

. , , , , . . , (non-blocking) - .

D-Link

15

:

; ; ,

.

. 8 50 10,100,1000/, . Fast Ethernet D-Link DES-1005D, DES-1008D, DES-1018DG, DES-1024DG, DES-1010G, DES-1016D, DES-1024D .

7 DES-1018DG

8 DES-1226G

. - , . hot swap, , , . .

2 3 D-Link :

2 DES-1200M, DES-6000, DES-7000 3 DES-6300, DES-6500.

D-Link

16

9 3- DES-6500

. , , , , , . , .

D-Link :

Fast Ethernet 2/3- DES-3x26S;

Fast Ethernet 2/3- DES-35xx 38 Single IP Management (SIM);

Fast/Gigabit Ethernet 3- SIM xStack DES-3352SR, DGS-3324SR, DGS-3324SRi, DXS-3326GSR, DXS-3350SR, DGS-34xx DGS-36xx.

.

: , - , .

, DGS-3324SR DES-3226S.

D-Link

17

10 DGS-3324SR

11 DES-3226S

( ), 10.

12 8 4

D-Link

18

, . 13 DES-3226S DES-3326S 12 xStack DGS-3324SR.

: , , . -.

, :

, .. - . ( DES-3326S/3226S, 2- , );

, - .

D-Link Gigabit Ethernet 3- D-Link DGS-3312SR DGS-3324SRi, - .

DEM-540, DGS-3312SR 12 2- DES-3226S, 288 10/100 / Fast Ethernet 12 Gigabit Ethernet, . , , DGS-3312SR , , 2- , 3- .

13 DGS-3312SR ( ) DES-3226S

D-Link

19

xStack

3 DGS-3324SR/DGS-3324SRi DXS-3326GSR/DXS-3350SR 10-Gigabit Ethernet xStack.

xStack , , .

xStack.

8 4 (. 14). , . , (8->9->10->11->12->1->2->3->4).

14

xStack , (8->7->6->5->4).

D-Link

20

15 xStack

(. 15) , 8 , , 4. , , .

, xStack . (Full Redundancy Mechanism), , 8->9->10->11->12->1->2->3->4 (. 16)

D-Link

21

16 StackTM

( 6)

StackTM DGS-3324SR, DGS-3324SRi, DXS-3326GSR DXS-3350SR 10 / . , 20 /.

17

D-Link

22

40 /.

18 StackTM

12 DGS-3324SR, DXS-3326GSR DXS-3350SR 336 Gigabit Ethernet.

StackTM - DGS-3324SRi. 6 DGS-3324SR, DXS-3326GSR DXS-3350SR 120 /. , -, 312 Gigabit Ethernet 12 10 Gigabit Ethernet.

19 - DGS-3324Sri ( )

. Single IP Management

, , . D-Link Single IP Management (SIM). DES-3526, DES-3550, DGS-3312SR xStack.

Single IP Management (SIM) - IP . 32- , Ethernet.

20 Single IP Management

SIM : ,

; IP- ;

, ; , .

, , SIM 7- 12- . SIM- 32 , Single IP ManagementTM3. , , 2- ( ).

SIM- . , , Fast

3 Single IP ManagementTM (SIM) SIM-. SIM- ,

D-Link

24

Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GBE) . , . , . Ethernet .

D-Link

25

,

,

.

, , :

; ; ; .

, , . :

; () ; ; ; .

- . , .

(filtering) ,

: ;

; ,

;

- .

(forwarding) ,

: ;

;

. ,

. ,

D-Link

26

, , Ethernet , 64 ( ) 46 . , . , .

( ), . , , Ethernet, Fast Ethernet .. , , , , , . , .

,

. , , , , - , .

. , 5 40 , - 50 200 ( ).

MAC-, . , .

- , , , , 4 4 . D-Link

D-Link

27

4 8. 8 16, , 16 32 .

. , , - . , , . , . , , , .

, . . , , , . , , .

( 50-100) . . , , . (Flow control).

, , . . .

D-Link

28

. D-Link

, , , QoS , . , SNMP, D-Link D-View. D-Link.

Flash- , , 8-16 . , .

Flash- , , .

NV-RAM, .

D-Link

29

. , , . . , , , , . D-Link D-View.

21 RMON

22

D-Link

30

,

: ,

- , . . , . , , . ;

, - , , , ;

, ( ). , , . ;

, .

D-Link

31

23

:

; ; .

. . OSI, . OSI , . , , , , .

. , , . , , , .

, .

D-Link

32

, , . , :

, ;

; (, 100Base-TX

1000Base-T);

.

. / . :

( ) ;

(); ;

.

D-Link

33

D-Link

D-Link. D-Link . , .

, . .

:

DES (D-Link Ethernet Switch) - D-Link 10/100 ;

DGS (D-Link Gigabit Switch) - D-Link 1000 , X-Stack;

DXS (D-Link X-Stack Switch) - D-Link 1000 X-Stack 10;

DEM (D-Link Ethernet Module) - GBIC SFP DXS;

DPS (D-Link Power Switch) - .

- , : 10 ; 12 ; 13 -

; 15 -

; 21 2-

; 32 2- ; 33 3- ; 35 2-

Single IP Management; 38 - 3-

Single IP Management; 65 3-

Single IP Management. . :

D (Desktop) - ; F FX FL (Fiber) - 100Base-FX ; G or SX (Gigabit) - 1000Base-T

1000Base-SX; R (RackMount) - 19" (

), ( );

D-Link

34

M (Module) - ; S (Stack) - ; TG (Twisted Pair and GBIC) - UTP/STP GBIC ; T or TX or TP- Twisted Pair - UTP/STP 10

10/100 1000 . , DGS-3324SR : DGS - 33 - 24 - 24 SR - ,

.

. .

D-Link :

DES-1005D/1008D/1016D/1024D 5/8/16/24- 10/100BASE-TX, , .

24 DES-1008D

DES-1018DG/1024DG , 16 22 10/100BASE-TX 2 1000BASE-T. Gigabit Ethernet 5.

25 DES-1024DG

DGS-1005D/08D/16D/24D Gigabit Ethernet , 5/8/16/24- 1000BASE-T .

D-Link

35

26 DGS-1016D

DES-1226G DGS-12xxT Fast Gigabit Ethernet, 10/100 / 10/100/1000 / .

DES-3226S/3326S/3326SR 2- 3- 24 10/100BASE-TX 1 Fast Gigabit Ethernet. , .

DES-3526 DES-3550 Fast Ethernet 2- Single IP Management (SIM). 24 48 10/100BASE-TX 2 1000BASE-T/SFP Gigabit Ethernet . DES-3500 SIM, 3- , , .

27 DES-3526 DES-3550

.

D-Link: DES-3226S/3326S/3326SR, DES-3250TG, DES-3350SR

, , 24 48 10/100BASE-TX 2 10/100/1000/. DES-3226S/3326S 312 10/100BASE-TX 13 Gigabit Ethernet.

DGS-3312SR Gigabit Ethernet 3- ,

D-Link

36

. 4 - 1000BASE-T/Mini GBIC (SFP) 2 . DGS-3312SR 12 DES-3226S , 288 10/100BASE-TX 12 Gigabit Ethernet, .

28 DGS-3312SR

DGS-3224TGR Gigabit Ethernet 2- , . 20 10/100/1000BASE-T 4 10/100/1000BASE-T /Mini GBIC (SFP) . , , VLAN , . 48/

DGS-3324SR Gigabit Ethernet 3- xStack, . 20 1000BASE-T, 4 - 1000BASE-T/Mini GBIC (SFP) , 2 10 / . 88/.

DGS-3324SRi Gigabit Ethernet 3- xStack 168 /. - , . DGS-3324SRi 16 1000BASE-T, 8 - 1000BASE-T/Mini GBIC (SFP) 6 10 / .

DXS-3326GSR Gigabit Ethernet 3- 20 Mini GBIC (SFP), 4 - 1000BASE-T/ Mini GBIC (SFP) 2 10 / , 1 DEM-420X 2- 10GE XFP. Mini GBIC . (128/), 10 / DXS-

D-Link

37

3326GSR , .

DXS-3350SR Gigabit Ethernet 3- 176 /. 44 SFP, 4 - 1000BASE-T/SFP, 2 10 / 1 DEM-420X 2- 10GE XFP. , ( mini-GBIC) DXS-3350SR . Metro Ethernet

29 DXS-3350SR

. :

DGS-3324SR, DGS-3324SRi, DXS-3326GSR, DXS-3350SR Gigabit Ethernet 3- .

DES-6000/6300 () 2- 3- , , . 10/100/1000/, , . 16 , 128 10/100BaseTX.

DES-6500 () , c . DES-6500 9 , , , . . , . DES-6500 2- 3- ,

D-Link

38

, . DES-6500 160 /.

30 D-Link

D-Link

39

,

.

, Web- , (CLI), Telnet, SNMP, TFTP . D-Link DES-3226S, DES-3326SR, DES-3526, DES-3324SR, .

. D-Link DxS-10xx.

. , SNMP Telnet. DES-1226G DGS-1216T/1224T.

Web, , Web-, .

( ). , , , D-Link . , .

, ,

. , . ( ), Ethernet ( Telnet Web-). . Ethernet, IP-.

Ethernet Ethernet , , UTP 5, 5 6 Gigabit Ethernet. D-Link

D-Link

40

(MDI/MDI-X), ( ).

31

UTP 5, 5, 6 , . .

32 ( -Uplink)

. , . , , , . , , ( / ). ( ).

D-Link

41

D-Link , RS-232, , . Out-of-Band . , ( Ethernet). , .

(, HyperTerminal Windows). , , :

Baud rate: 9,600 Data width: 8 bits Parity: none Stop bits: 1 Flow Control: none

( , CLI):

33

, , DHS-3226 (. 34). , .

34

D-Link

42

, Ctrl+R , .

, . D-Link , Enter. , DES-3800:admin#.

.

35 CLI

D-Link

43

CLI. , , , , . ? Enter , .

36 ?

? , . , config, :

DES-3800:admin#config ? ( + ?) Enter.

. TAB, .

D-Link

44

37 config

D-Link

45

1. .

. . , : Admin User. Admin .

create account admin/user

( / , ) : Enter a case-sensitive new password: Enter the new password again for confirmation: 0 15 .

Success.

Admin (Username) dlink:

38

, :

DES-3800:admin# config account

39 dlink

: DES-3800:admin# show account

D-Link

46

40

, delete account .

41 dlink

. D-Link!

2. IP-.

web- Telnet, IP- , . IP- DHCP BOOTP , CLI:

DES-3800:admin# config ipif System dhcp

DES-3800:admin# config ipif System ipaddress xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yy

xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx IP-, yy CIDR , /24 /30), System- .

42 IP-

3. .

D-Link

47

D-Link (). , .

D-Link config ports.

10/, , 1 3 (. 43).

43

show ports . show ports.

44 "show ports" 1-5 8

4. NVRAM. save.

45 NVRAM

5. reboot.

46

D-Link

48

reset.

47

6. . (

) show switch.

48

D-Link

49

Web-

D-Link Web- , (GUI), -, .

Web- , , ..

TCP/IP 80.

, , :

IP- , :

DES-3800:admin #config ipif System ipaddress xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yy , xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx IP-, yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy IP-

: DES-3800:admin#show ipif Web-,

IP- , (. 49)

49 Web-

D-Link

50

, , , , , , . , , , . , :

VLAN; Spanning Tree IEEE 802.1d, 802.1w, 802.1s; IEEE 802.3ad LACP

Ethernet; IEEE 802.3ad LACP; QoS; ,

IEEE 802.1 Port Security; ; SNMP .

D-Link

51

VLAN .

, , . ( "-") , ( ). , . , ARP, BOOTP DHCP, , - . , . , ( ) - (Virtual LAN, VLAN).

, , , . , MAC- , - , . , , , . , , .

VLAN : . VLAN

, ;

VLAN , , ;

VLAN , , , .

VLAN

VLAN: VLAN VLAN MAC-. VLAN

IEEE 802.1Q

D-Link

52

VLAN

VLAN , VLAN, , . , , , VLAN. .

50 VLAN

VLAN : .

, , , VLAN .

. - , VLAN, VLAN (VLAN ID) .

, VLAN (, VLAN ) (VLAN ) VLAN. , VLAN , .

VLAN. , , ( ISO/OSI). VLAN , , IP (. 51).

D-Link

53

51 VLAN ,

, VLAN . , . : , VLAN 3.

VLAN MAC-

, , -. . , . - , , - .

MAC-, ( ), -

MAC- - , VLAN 1000 . , MAC- , , .

D-Link

54

52 VLAN -

VLAN IEEE 802.1Q

. VLAN , .

IEEE 802.1Q Ethernet, VLAN .

, VLAN , . :

VLAN , , IEEE 802.1Q. VLAN 802.1Q- .

(Spanning Tree) . Spanning Tree , , . . , ,

D-Link

55

, . Spanning Tree , , .

VLAN 802.1Q VLAN , .

, , - .

. , VLAN, . , VLAN, , . IEEE 802.1Q.

, VLAN , , .

IEEE 802.1Q

Tagging ( ) IEEE 802.1Q VLAN .

Untagging 802.1Q VLAN .

Ingress port ( ) - , , VLAN.

Egress port ( ) , , , .

tagged untagged.

untagging() VLAN, Ethernet. tagging() VLAN , IEEE 802.1Q, Spanning Tree.

VLAN 802.1Q

3 :

- VLAN;

- ;

D-Link

56

- , .

53 IEEE 802.1Q

IEEE 802.1Q VLAN

Ethernet IEEE 802.1Q (. 54). Ethernet . 2 08100 , IEEE 802.1Q/802.1p. 2 :

3 ( 0 7, 7- ), IEEE 802.1;

1 Canonical Format Indicator (CFI), (Token Ring, FDDI), Ethernet;

12- VLAN - VLAN ID (VID), , VLAN .

D-Link

57

VID 12 , 4096 VLAN.

4 .

.

54 Ethernet

, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

Port VLAN ID

( IEEE 802.1Q VID) , IEEE 802.1Q, VLAN. VLAN ( , - IEEE 802.1Q).

IEEE 802.1Q. tag-unaware ( ). , IEEE 802.1Q, tag-aware ( ).

IEEE 802.1Q VLAN VLAN MAC-. Port VLAN ID (PVID) - VLAN- . , PVID , , ( ). PVID , , PVID , .

PVID VLAN (, VLAN ). , VLAN ( ).

D-Link

58

IEEE 802.1Q , PVID. VLAN, VLAN PVID = 1.

, , , PVID VID . PVID VID, , VLAN.

PVID , . PVID , VLAN , .

VID, Ethernet. VID , , VID , . VID , . , VLAN, , , VLAN .

PVID VID , , , .

(. 55): 1 VLAN 1 PVID=1. , 3 ( ), , , , 3 VLAN 1, , VLAN. 3 VLAN 1, . , 1 VLAN 1, .. PVID=1. 3, PVID=3 VLAN 1, VLAN, VLAN 1, , PVID 1.

D-Link

59

55 VLAN 802.1Q

, , , ? , . , .

Tagged Untagged

, IEEE 802.1Q, tagged () untagged ().

, tagged, VID, VLAN . , , VLAN. VLAN , IEEE 802.1Q, .

, untagged, 802.1Q . VLAN 802.1Q, . , VLAN (, PVID ). untagging , IEEE 802.1Q, , .

D-Link

60

56

57

58 ,

D-Link

61

59 ,

, VLAN, ingress port ( ). VLAN .

VLAN, , VLAN. , . , , VLAN. , . VLAN, .

VLAN, VID, PVID ( - tagged). , VLAN ( VID). , . .

ingress filtering ( ) , VLAN, .

D-Link

62

VLAN CLI

VLAN VID = 1, DEFAULT_VLAN. DEFAULT_VLAN. VLAN VLAN ( DEFAULT_VLAN) , VLAN.

CLI , , (. 1).

1 VLAN

create vlan

tag advertisement

VLAN

delete vlan VLAN config vlan

add [tagged|untagged|forbidden] advertisement [enable|disable]

VLAN

config vlan

delete

VLAN

config gvrp

| all state [enable | disable] ingress_checking [enable | disable] acceptable_frame [tagged_only | admit_all] pvid }

GVRP

enable gvrp GVRP disable gvrp GVRP show vlan VLAN

show gvrp GVRP enable double_vlan

QinQ VLAN

disable double_vlan

QinQ VLAN

create double_vlan

spvid tpid

QinQ VLAN

config double_vlan

add [uplink | access] delete tpid

QinQ VLAN

show double_vlan

QinQ VLAN

delete double_vlan

QinQ VLAN

1. 1-5 DEFAULT_VLAN config vlan default delete 1-5

60 VLAN

D-Link

63

2. VLAN . VLAN v1 VID

2 create vlan v1 tag 2

61 VLAN

3. VLAN. 1 5 VLAN v1

config vlan v1 add tagged 1-5

62 VLAN

4. VLAN .

63 VLAN

, 1-5 , Member ports, , Current Tagged ports.

D-Link

64

VLAN

,

-, D-Link 2- Asymmetric VLAN. , VLAN 802.1Q ( ) , . VLAN 2- . . , VLAN , (. 64). , , .

64 VLAN

IEEE 802.1Q VLAN( VLAN) VLAN , . VLAN , VLAN-. VLAN , . , ( ) . , , VLAN, , , , , (PVID).

D-Link

65

VLAN - IGMP Snooping .

VLAN, PVID

, VLAN . , VLAN . VLAN .

VLAN CLI (. 2).

2 Asymmetric VLAN

enable asymmetric_vlan

VLAN. PVID , VLAN .

disable asymmetric_vlan

VLAN. Asymmetric VLAN

show asymmetric_vlan Asymmetric VLAN

D-Link

66

1. VLAN

65 VLAN

VLAN V1: 1-8, untagged - VLAN V2: 9-16, untagged VLAN2 ( ) VLAN V3: 17-24, untagged VLAN3 ( ) :

1. VLAN V2 V3 VLAN V1;

2. VLAN V2 V3 - ;

3. V2 V3 . 1. VLAN enable asymmetric_vlan

66 Asymmetric VLAN

D-Link

67

2. VLAN show asymmetric_vlan

67 Asymmetric VLAN

3. VLAN V2 V3 create vlan

68 VLAN

4. VLAN. 1 16 VLAN V2, 1-8 17-24 VLAN V3. config vlan

69 VLAN

5. GVRP (Group VLAN Registration Protocol) VLAN config gvrp

D-Link

68

70 GVRP

D-Link

69

2. VLAN

71 VLAN

VLAN V1: 1 1-4, 2 1-4, untagged - 1 5-8, 2 5-8, tagged

VLAN V2: 1 9-16, 2 9-16, untagged VLAN2 ( ) VLAN V3: 1 17-24, 2 17-24,

untagged VLAN3 ( ) :

1. VLAN V2 V3 - VLAN V1;

2. V2 V3 .

D-Link

70

( , ).

1. VLAN enable asymmetric_vlan

72 Asymmetric VLAN

2. VLAN show asymmetric_vlan

73 Asymmetric VLAN

3. VLAN V2 V3 create vlan

74 VLAN

4. 5-8 VLAN.

75 VLAN

D-Link

71

5. VLAN V2 V3 . 1-4 9-16 VLAN V2, 1-4

17-24 VLAN V3. .

76 VLAN v2 v3

D-Link

72

. :

Spanning Tree;

, .

. (Port Trunking) -

( Link Aggregation). , .

STP (Spanning Tree ), , . , , .

77

D-Link

73

. . , , , . , .

. , OSI. , , - , - , . , - . . , .. . D-Link 6 :

mac_source - ; mac_destination - ; mac_source_dest - - ; ip_source IP- ; ip_destination IP- ; ip_source_dest IP- .

D-Link

74

78

mac_source_dest

, - .

, - -, , . . ( 1 ), .

D-Link DES-3226S, DES-3526, DES-3350SR, DGS-3324SR : . ( ), . IEEE 802.3ad, (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) , . , LACP . , , , . LACP

D-Link

75

. , LACP, - . LACP .

IEEE 802.3ad Ethernet-, , , Gigabit Ethernet ( 8 ).

D-Link

76

CLI

, Ethernet (. 3).

3 Link Aggregation

create link_aggregation

group_id {type[lacp/static]}

,

delete link_aggregation

group_id

config link_aggregation

group_id master_port ports state [enabled|disabled]

config link_aggregation algorithm

mac_source mac_destination mac_source_dest ip_source ip_destination ip_source_dest

show link_aggregation

group_id algorithm

config lacp_ports mode [active|passive] LACP show lacp_ports {}

LACP

D-Link

77

1.

79 C

1. create link_aggregation group_id 2 type static.

80

2. , - config link_aggregation algorithm mac_source

81

3. . 2, 4, 6 8 1, 2 config link_aggregation group_id 1 master_port 2 ports 2,4,6,8 state enable

82

D-Link

78

4. show link_aggregation

83

5. 1 2 .

6. . 1, 3, 5 7 1, 3 config link_aggregation group_id 1 master_port 1 ports 1,3,5,7 state enable

84 B

D-Link

79

2. IEEE 802.3ad4

85

1. 2- ( ) create link_aggregation group 1 type LACP

86

2. , - config link_aggregation algorithm mac_source_dest

87

3. . 1-4 1, 5-8 2

4 LACP, IEEE

802.3ad.

D-Link

80

config link_aggregation group_id 1 master_port 1 ports 1-4 state enable

88

4. 1-8 Active config lacp_port 1-8 mode active

89

5. show link_aggregation

90

6. LACP show lacp_port 1-8

D-Link

81

91

7. create link_aggregation group 1 type LACP

92

8. . 1-4 1 1, 1 config link_aggregation group_id 1 master_port 1 ports 1-4 state enable

93 B C

Passive, .

! 1. LACP,

LACP. LACP, Static, .

2. IEEE 802.3ad , , 802.3ad Static.

D-Link

82

Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1d) ,

, Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) . , . Ethernet, , . , , , Ethernet.

, . , . , , , , :

; ; .

. , , 1, . , .

94

, . ,

D-Link

83

. , , .

, . . , .

STP STA (Spanning Tree Algorithm).

STA .

, STP . - Spanning Tree ( ). .

STP. STA ,

. 8- , 2- : 2- , 6 - . , , -. , .

(root switch), . . , , , 32768 (8000h). , -. , . , ( ), , .

STP (root port) .

, .

STP .

(designated port). , . ,

D-Link

84

(designated bridge) . , , . . , . .

. , , , . , , . .

STA (Path Cost) . .

4 IEEE 802.1d.

4 IEEE 802.1d

4 / 250 100-1000 1-65535 10 / 100 50-600 1-65535 16 / 62 40-400 1-65535 100 / 19 10-60 1-65535 1 / 4 3-10 1-65535 10 / 2 1-5 1-65535

. , , - BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit).

BPDU , :

, ;

- ( );

; BPDU

, , Ethernet. BPDU

( 1-4). ( ) , BPDU

D-Link

85

(Max Age), .

95 BPDU

BPDU (. 95): STA - 2 .

STA, ;

STP 1 ; BPDU - 1 . BPDU -

BPDU, , , BPDU , , ,

D-Link

86

- , , ;

- 1 . , - ;

- 8 ; - 2 ; - 8 ; - 2 ; - 2 . 0.5

, . BPDU , ;

- 2 . BPDU , , ;

hello ( ), BPDU ;

- 2 . . , .

BPDU (. 96)

: STA - 2 ; STP 1 ; BPDU - 1

.

96 BPDU

D-Link

87

STP

3 ,

(. 97). , . , - LAN1 . , , , . B . , . , A . , . STP B.

97 Spanning Tree

, . BPDU ( hello), , 0, , BPDU.

BPDU, , , BPDU,

D-Link

88

. , BPDU, , .

. , - , .

(. 97). A ( ) BPDU, 0. B BPDU, Port 1 (4) , BPDU (0). B 4 BPDU 4 Port 3 Port 2.

C BPDU B, 23 (4 + 19). C BPDU Port 1. BPDU 0 C 4 ( Port 1 4). C . C Port 1 , . C 4 .

Port 1 4.

D-Link

89

98 Spanning Tree

, . , . , , . , STP .

, .

Port 1 ( 4). , Port 1 . Port 1 ( 4). , Port 2 . Port 3 Port 2 , 23. STP . (20) (30),

D-Link

90

Port 2 . Port 3 (. 98).

, (. 99):

1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .

99 STP

Blocking - ( ) . BPDU. .

Listening () - , BPDU. , BPDU , (, ). , , .

Learning () . . STA, BPDU . , , .

D-Link

91

Forwarding () - . , BPDU.

Disable () . STP, . Blocking.

BPDU, . ( 20 ) BPDU, .

D-Link Rapid STP (IEEE 802.1w), STP ( 1 ).

D-Link

92

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1w)

D-Link Spanning Tree Protocol, Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), IEEE 802.1w , IEEE 802.1d STP. RSTP , STP, .

IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1d STP. STP, , , 3- , Ethernet.

, 802.1w Path Cost (. 5).

5 IEEE 802.1w

STP 802.1d RSTP 802.1w

, . RSTP Disabled, Blocking Listening, STP Discarding (), .

100 STP 802.1d RSTP 802.1w

D-Link

93

6 STP RSTP

STP

-?

RSTP

DISABLE Disabled Discarding (Disabled) DISABLE Enabled Discarding (Disabled) BLOCKING Enabled Discarding (Alternate,

Backup) LISTENING Enabled Discarding (Root,

Designated) LEARNING Enabled Learning (Root,

Designated) FORWARDING Enabled Forwarding (Root,

Designated) RSTP

. : (Root Port); (Designated Port); (Alternate Port); (Backup Port).

,

( ) .

101

, BPDU , .

D-Link

94

102

.

RSTP 2 (Alternate) (Backup), STP .

.

103

, . , ( ).

D-Link

95

104

. , RSTP, , . , . , RSTP : (edge port) - (point-to-point , P2P).

(Edge) , , . , . , , , . , BPDU.

P2P , , . RSTP , , 2, , .

IEEE 802.1w

(Root) BPDU (. 105). BPDU, . (sync).

D-Link

96

105 802.1w

, (forwarding).

106 802.1w

D-Link

97

. BPDU, (. 106).

. .

( ). , .

, D (. 107).

107 802.1w

1 D . , BPDU .

, . RSTP (acknowledgement), . (listening) (learning).

D-Link

98

/

108

in-sync, :

(

discarding ); .

109

D-Link

99

1. RSTP

. , , STP (IEEE 802.1d). RSTP , :

TC While hello , ;

-, ;

TC While , BPDU, , . , BPDU .

2. BPDU ,

: -

, , ;

TC While BPDU (RSTP TCN BPDU, , -).

110

BPDU .

D-Link

100

IEEE 802.1d/IEEE 802.1w

RSTP , STP , , BPDU IEEE 802.1d. , ( ) . , RSTP.

, , . , (Migration delay timer), hello. , (STP RSTP) , . , , BPDU. , BPDU , , .

, , (. 111) RSTP. . , STP. 802.1d BPDU RSTP , BPDU IEEE 802.1d.

111 STP RSTP

BPDU , 802.1d. , BPDU (. 112).

D-Link

101

112 RSTP STP

, , , STP , RSTP , , . , , . IEEE 802.1d, TCN BPDU , .

IEEE 802.1d IEEE 802.1w (MessageAge). IEEE 802.1d MessageAge - , 1 . IEEE 802.1w, 1/16 MaxAge 1, (MaxAge ).

: ((MessageAge+HelloTime)>=MaxAge) , MaxAge 20 Hellotime

2, 18 (Bridge hop) , , , 37.

STP 802.1d RSTP 802.1w

: STP 802.1d: 30 . RSTP 802.1w: 5 . : STP 802.1d: 7 RSTP 802.1w: 18 (37 )

D-Link

102

STP CLI

STP Rapid STP CLI (. 7).

7 STP RSTP

config stp

maxage hellotime forwarddelay priority fdpdu [enable|disable] txholdcount version [rstp|stp]

STP

config stp ports cost priority migrate [yes|no] edge [true|false] p2p [true|false|auto] state [enable|disable]

enable stp STP disable stp STP show stp STP show stp ports STP

1. STP () enable stp:

113 STP

2. STP : (path cost) 19, (priority) 16, (state) enabled 1-5 config stp ports 1-5 cost 19 priority 16 state enabled:

114 STP

3. STP : maxage 18 hellotime 4 config stp maxage 18 hellotime 4:

115 STP

D-Link

103

4. STP show stp:

116 STP

6. STP show stp ports:

117

D-Link

104

(QoS)

(IEEE 802.1)

, . , . , , . , , , 10 .

, .

, , , / :

(best effort service). . Qos .

(differentiated service). . QoS ( , , ). CoS (Class of Service). . , . . , .

(guaranteed service). . . , Frame Relay RSVP TCP/IP. , .

D-Link

105

. , , Ethernet , - . - . , . , - , , .

IEEE 802.1. IEEE 802.1Q. Ethernet, . , , 3 . IEEE 802.1, . , , . , IEEE 802.1, .

, , CoS, , , . . (packet classification) , .

D-Link

. , :

IEEE 802.1; TOS, IP-

(DSCP); I-; TCP/UDP.

, CoS (, DES-3226S 4 CoS , DES-3828 8 ). , , , , , (Weighted Round Robin, WRR).

CoS (. 118). 1 2

D-Link

106

Q0, 0 3 Q1, 4 5 Q2, 6 7 Q3.

, 0, Q1. - Q0 1 2. ( P0 P1 Q0, P2 P3 Q1) , Q0. . D-Link 2 : (Strict Priority Queuing) (Weighted Round Robin).

, , . , . WRR , . , , . : 0 255. : 0 255 ( 16 ).

118

D-Link

107

CLI

CLI (. 8).

8 IEEE 802.1p

config scheduling

max_packet max_latency

show scheduling config 802.1p user_priority

IEEE 802.1p , .

show 802.1p user_priority

config 802.1p default_priority

all

, .

show 802.1p default_priority

IEEE 802.1, .

1. . Q0 100 150 config scheduling 0 max_packet 100 max_latency 150:

119 Q0

2. show scheduling:

120

3. 1 Q3 config 802.1p user_priority 1 3:

D-Link

108

121

4. show 802.1p user_priority:

122

5. . , 1-5 , 5 config 802.1p default_priority 1-5 5:

123 1-5 5

6. , 1-10 show 802.1p default_priority 1-10:

124

D-Link

109

, .

125

CLI

CLI (. 9).

9 Traffic control

config bandwidth_control

rx_rate no_limit tx_rate no_limit

show bandwidth_control

1. 1 8 , 1 / config bandwidth_control 1-8 tx_rate 1000:

126

D-Link

110

2. show bandwidth_control:

127

D-Link

111

Port Security

,

MAC- , MAC-. , -.

-, , MAC-, , .

-, MAC- , MAC--, . D-Link -, 256 .

MAC-, MAC- , , .

, , . , MAC- ( , ) , , . , , .

D-Link

112

Port Security CLI

Port Security CLI (. 10) .

10 Port Security

config port_security ports

[| all ] {admin_state [enable | disable] |max_learning_addr lock_address_mode[Permanent| DeleteOnTimeout|DeleteOnReset]}

, portlist

clear port_security_entry

vlan_name mac_address port

, VLAN, MAC .

Show port_security {ports }

1. Port Security 9-16, - 5 - config port_security ports 9-16 admin_state enable max_learning_addr 5 lock_address_mode DeleteOnTimeout :

128 Port Security

2. Port Security show port_security ports 7-13:

129 Port Security

D-Link

113

3. - Port Security clear port_security_entry port 4:

130 Port Security

D-Link

114

2. ,

, , . . VLAN, .

131 Traffic Segmentation

(. 131). (PC2 - PC24) uplink, . :

ETTH (Ethernet To The Home) ; .

D-Link

115

Traffic Segmentation CLI

Traffic Segmentation CLI (. 11).

11 Traffic Segmentation

config traffic_segmentation

forward_list null

show traffic_segmentation

1. 19 22 , 23 24 config traffic_segmentation 19-22 forward_list 23-24:

132 Traffic Segmentation

2. , show traffic_segmentation 19-24:

133 Traffic Segmentation

D-Link

116

IEEE 802.1 IEEE 802.1

/ , (. 134). (RADIUS) , , , .

, , IEEE 802.1 Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) , . , .

134 IEEE 802.1x

802.1 , .

135 ()

, . 802.1x, , Microsoft Windows XP.

D-Link

117

136

. . RADIUS /, RADIUS. , .

137

( (authenticator)) , . , , , . RADIUS, EAP .

, .

, EAPOL-start, . , , .

D-Link

118

, .

. , , (One-Time-Password, OTP) RADIUS.

138

802.1 -, :

802.1x MAC- /, MAC-, . , MAC-;

802.1x , , , , , .

, . . IEEE 802.1. , , .

D-Link

119

, IEEE 802.1.

, IEEE 802.1, IEEE 802.1, . , , .

, IEEE 802.1 , IEEE 802.1, , EAPOL-start. , . , , , , .

, IEEE 802.1, , . , , . , . , - .

, EAPOL-logoff, .

(up) (down), EAPOL-logoff, .

IEEE 802.1

IEEE 802.1 : (Trunk port); EtherChannel , IEEE 802.1

, EtherChannel.

D-Link

120

IEEE 802.1 CLI

: IEEE 802.1x, ( IEEE 802.1x Window XP).

Radius: Windows NT, Windows 2000 Server Radius Server Service,

. :

IEEE 802.1x ; IEEE 802.1x ; Radius.

IEEE 802.1x CLI

(. 12). 12 IEEE 802.1

enable 802.1x IEEE

802.1 disable 802.1x

IEEE 802.1

show 802.1x [auth_state | auth_configuration] {ports }

IEEE 802.1x

config 802.1x capability

ports |all authenticator none

IEEE 802.1 :

config 802.1x auth_parameter

ports |all default direction [both|in] port_control [force_unauth|auto|force_auth] quiet_period tx_period supp_timeout server_timeout max_req reauth_period enable_reauth [enable|disable]

IEEE 802.1x . Default - IEEE 802.1x

config 802.1x auth_mode

[port_based |mac_based]

IEEE 802.1x: -

config 802.1x init config 802.1x init [port_based ports [] |mac_based ports [|all] {mac_address }]

IEEE 802.1x -

config 802.1x reauth

[port_based ports [] |mac_based ports [|all] {mac_address }]

-

config radius add

D-Link

121

key default auth_port acct_port

RADIUS

config radius delete

RADIUS.

config radius ipaddress key auth_port acct_port

RADIUS.

show radius RADIUS .

1. IEEE 802.1x enable 802.1x:

139 802.1x

2. IEEE 802.1 19-24 show 802.1x auth_state ports 19-24:

140 802.1x 19-24

3. IEEE 802.1x 19 24 config 802.1x capability ports 19-24 authenticator:

141 802.1x

4. IEEE 802.1 19 show 802.1x auth_configuration ports 19:

D-Link

122

142 802.1x 19

5. 802.1 19-24 config 802.1x reauth mac_based ports 19-24:

143 802.1x 19-24

6. IEEE 802.1 config 802.1x auth_mode port_based:

144 802.1x

7. Radius, IP- 192.168.0.100, dlink config radius add 1 192.168.0.100 key dlink default :

145 RADIUS

D-Link

123

Access Control Lists (ACL) (Access Control Lists)

. , , . , , , , .

, (ACL) .

D-Link : Ethernet IP. - , VLAN, IP-, .

, (Profile ID). , , . , , . , , .

: : Ethernet IP; ; , ,

Access Profile Mask ; Access Profile Rule .

, . , , DES-3226S 10 , 50 (50 10 ), DES-3526 9 800 .

( Web-)

2 : -

, IP .

: , ( ).

D-Link

124

146

1: (Access Profile Mask) 1. Web- . Configuration/ Access Profile Table.

2. Add Access Profile Table. . , . , .

3. :

) (Profile ID): , Auto Assign. 1 255;

) (Type): Ethernet, IP, PacketContentMask. (. 147, 148 149). Ethernet, , 2- . IP, , IP . PacketContentMask 80- .

) VLAN: , , VLAN .

Ethernet:

4. MAC (Source MAC Mask): MAC MAC MAC .

5. MAC (Destination MAC Mask): MAC MAC MAC .

6. 802.1p: , , IEEE 802.1p .

7. Ethernet Type: , Ethernet .

D-Link

125

147 MAC

IP: 4. IP (Source IP Mask): IP - IP IP .

5. IP (Destination IP Mask): IP - IP IP .

6. DSCP: , , DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) .

7. Protocol: , (ICMP, IGMP, TCP, UDP) . TCP UDP . , , . Source Port Mask Ox TCP/UDP (hex 0x0-0xffff). Destination Port Mask Ox TCP/UDP (hex 0x0-0xffff).

8. PacketContentMask:

9. Offset: . 80 5 16 .

2: .

4. Modify;

5. C , Add. , , , Delete;

6. ;

7. ;

D-Link

126

8. Permit () Deny ().

148 IP

149 PacketContentMask

D-Link

127

150

151

, , IEEE 802.1p , . priority . 0, 7.

D-Link

128

Access Control Lists (ACL) CLI

ACL CLI DES-3526 (. 13).

13 ACL

create access_profile

ethernet vlan source_mac destination_mac 802.1p ethernet_type ip vlan source_ip_mask destination_ip_mask dscp

icmp type code

igmp {type} tcp src_port_mask dst_port_mask flag_mask all urg ack psh rst syn Fin udp src_port_mask dst_port_mask protocol_id_mask user_define_mask packet_content_mask offset_0-15 offset_16-31 offset_32-47 offset_48-63

, . , create access_profile, , , .

D-Link

129

offset_64-79 profile_id

delete access_profile

Profile_id

.

config access_profile profile_id

profile_id add access_id ethernet vlan source_mac destination_mac

802.1p ethernet_type ip vlan source_ip destination_ip dscp icmp type code igmp {type }

tcp src_port dst_port flag_mask all urg ack psh rst syn fin

udp src_port dst_port protocol_id user_define packet_content_mask offset_0-15 offset_16-31

, . , .

D-Link

130

offset_32-47 offset_48-63 offset_64-79 port permit priority replace_priority replace_dscp_with deny delete access_id

show access_profile

profile_id access_id

show access_profile.

152 ACL

D-Link

131

1. ACL Ethernet

153 Ethernet

-. (. 153):

-, : 00-50-ba-00-00-19; 1 , : 00-50-ba-6b-18-c8; .

( CLI). : MAC- = MAC-

= , ( , )

MAC- = , . ,

1. 00-50-ba-6b-18-c8 , Ethernet- create access_profile ethernet source_mac FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF destination_mac FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF profile_id 10:

D-Link

132

154 10

, 1 , -:

155 1

2. 00-50-ba-00-00-19. create access_profile ethernet destination_mac FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF profile_id 20:

156 20

config access_profile profile_id 20 add access_id 21 ethernet destination_mac 00-50-BA-00-00-19 port 3-26 deny:

157 - 00-50-BA-00-00-19

D-Link

133

2. ACL Ethernet

-. (. 153):

-, : 00-50-ba-00-00-19; PC1 , : 00-50-ba-6b-18-c8; .

: MAC- = MAC-

= , ( , )

,

1. MAC 00-50-ba-6b-18-c8 , create access_profile ethernet source_mac FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF destination_mac FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF profile_id 10 config access_profile profile_id 10 add access_id 11 ethernet source_mac 00-50-BA-6B-18-C8 destination_mac 00-50-BA-00-00-19 port 1-26 deny:

158 ACL

2. , , ACL .

D-Link

134

3. ACL IP

159 IP

IP-. :

- IP= 192.168.1.254/32; : 192.168.1.0/24; :

192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.63 ( 192.168.1.0/26); .

:

DestIP=192.168.1.254/32 SrcIP=192.168.1.0/26, ;

DestIP=192.168.1.254/32 SrcIP=192.168.1.0/24, ;

, .

1. 192.168.1.1-192.168.1.63 192.168.1.254 create access_profile ip destination_ip_mask 255.255.255.255 source_ip_mask 255.255.255.192 profile_id 10:

D-Link

135

160 IP

2. 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.254. ACL create access_profile ip destination_ip_mask 255.255.255.255 source_ip_mask 255.255.255.0 profile_id 20 config access_profile profile_id 20 add access_id 21 ip destination_ip 192.168.1.254 source_ip 192.168.1.0 port 1-26 deny:

161 ACL

3. ACL , .

D-Link

136

4 IP 3-

162 ACL 3-

. 1 ( ) 2, 3 4. 2, 3 4 (. 162).

: Dest. IP=192.168.1.x, ; Src. IP=192.168.1.x, ; DestIP=192.168.2.x SrcIP=192.168.2.x,

; DestIP=192.168.3.x SrcIP=192.168.3.x,

; DestIP=192.168.4.x SrcIP=192.168.4.x,

; .

1. 192.168.1.x ACL create access_profile profile_id 10 ip destination_ip_mask 255.255.255.0 config access_profile profile_id 10 add access_id 11 ip destination_ip 192.168.1.0 port 1-12 permit:

D-Link

137

163 ACL Net1

2. 2,3 4 192.168.1.x, ACL create access_profile profile_id 11 ip source_ip_mask 255.255.255.0 config access_profile profile_id 11 add access_id 10 ip source_ip 255.255.255.0 port 1-12 deny:

164 ACL Net1

3. 192.168.2.x, 192.168.3.x 192.168.4.x, ACL create access_profile profile_id 12 ip source_ip_mask 255.255.255.0 destination_ip_mask 255.255.255.0; config access_profile profile_id 12 add access_id 10 ip source_ip 192.168.2.0 destination_ip 192.168.2.0 port 1-12 permit; config access_profile profile_id 12 add access_id 11 ip source_ip 192.168.3.0 destination_ip 192.168.3.0 port 1-12 permit; config access_profile profile_id 12 add access_id 13 ip source_ip 192.168.4.0 destination_ip 192.168.4.0 port 1-12 permit:

D-Link

138

165 Net 2, Net3, Net4

4. , ACL create access_profile profile_id 14 ip source_ip_mask 0.0.0.0 config access_profile profile_id 14 add access_id 5 ip source_ip 0.0.0.0 port 1-12 deny:

166 ACL

D-Link

139

(Multicast)

, . , , .

,

.

IP- . : . , , ( ) IGMP. IP, , .

IP-, .

IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, ). IP- D. , 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255.

IANA IP 224.0.0.0-224.0.0.255 . . 224.0.1.0-224.0.1.255 , .

-

, - - - . , .

IP - IP . 24 . 01-00-05 Ethernet. 24 - .

D-Link

140

-, 25- ( ) 0, 23 IP- 23 - (. 167).

167 IP- Ethernet

5 1- IP-, . - 32 .

, . .

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) . , IGMP- . IGMP IGMP- , , (. 168).

IGMP v1

1 IGMP IGMP-: ; .

IGMP-, , . IGMP-, , , .

D-Link

141

IGMP-, .

168 IGMP.

IGMP v2

2 IGMP IGMP-: ; 1; 2; .

IGMP 2 IGMP 1. . (. 169). , , , . , . , , IGMP 1. .

D-Link

142

169 IGMP.

2

2- , - . , - , . , , (. 170)

170

D-Link

143

: VLAN

. , ;

IGMP- (IGMP-snooping). IGMP- IGMP-, , 3- .

IGMP- , . IGMP- , (. 171).

IGMP- , 2- . , IGMP-, , . IGMP- . , IGMP- .

171 IGMP Snooping

D-Link

144

IGMP- snooping CLI

IGMP-snooping CLI (. 14).

14 IGMP-Snooping

config igmp_snooping

all host_timeout router_timeout leave_timer state enable disable

IGMP- snooping

config igmp_snooping querier

all query_interval max_response_time robustness_variable last_member_query_interval state enable| disable

,

config router_ports add delete

. , ..

enable igmp snooping

forward_mcrouter_only IGMP- snooping . forward_mcrouter_only , . , IP

disable igmp snooping

IGMP- snooping .

show igmp snooping

vlan

IGMP-snooping

show igmp snooping group

vlan

IGMP- snooping

show router ports vlan static dynamic

D-Link

145

1. IGMP-snooping config igmp_snooping default host_timeout 250 state enable:

172 IGMP-Snooping

host_timeout - , . 260 .

2. IGMP-snooping querier config igmp_snooping querier default query_interval 125 state enable:

173 IGMP-Snooping querier

3. IGMP-snooping enable igmp_snooping:

174 IGMP-Snooping

4. 25 config router_ports default add 25:

175 router ports

5. IGMP-snooping show igmp_snooping :

D-Link

146

176 IGMP-snooping

6. , show igmp_snooping forwarding :

177

7. IGMP-snooping show igmp_snooping group :

D-Link

147

178 IGMP-Snooping

D-Link

148

:

1. D-Link DES-3526, DES-3828 .

2. D-Link. 3. . , , . .. ,

.. . :, 2000. 4. , 3- .: .

. .: , 2002. 5. IP.: . . .

.: , 2003. 6. . http://www.routers.ru 7. IEEE

D-Link

149

. .

(. 15). CLI , .

15 CLI

,

. [ ]

. . |

, . { }

.

D-Link

150

.

1

10Base-F IEEE 802.3 Ethernet .

10Base-T IEEE 802.3i Ethernet

(" ").

100Base-T IEEE 802.3us Ethernet

100 / (" ").

100Base-TX IEEE 802.3u Ethernet

100 / 2- 5.

100Base-FX IEEE 802.3u Ethernet

100 / FDDI TP-PMD PMD ( ).

10Gbase-ER 10G Ethernet,

10 / 40 (25 ) 1550 .

10Gbase-LR 10G Ethernet,

10 / 10 (6 ) 1310 .

10Gbase-SR 10G Ethernet,

10 / 300 (990 ) 850 .

A

Access method . , . CSMA/CD (Ethernet) (Token Ring).

Address . ,

, .

D-Link

151

Address mask . , Internet . 32 Inetrnet . .

Address resolution .

(Network Layer) (media-specific) . . ARP.

Agent . SNMP

. - - ,

. Aggregate link .

. Application Layer . OSI,

, .

ARP(Address Resolution Protocol) .

Internet, Internet () . ARP , IP-.

B

Backbone , , .

Backplane .

, .

Bandwidth ,

, . ().

Bridge . ,

. OSI .

BPDU(Bridge Protocol Data Unit)

. (Spanning Tree Protocol), .

D-Link

152

Broadcast . ,

, . Ethernet.

Bus topology . ,

( ), .

C

Channel . [] . : link, line, circuit facility

Chassis .

, . .

CLI Command Line Interface , .

.

Client . (

), . Collision . Ethernet,

. .

Collision domain . Ethernet,

, .

CoS(Class of Service) . ,

, . ToS.

Crossover . (

) .

CSMA/CD(Carrier sense multiple access/collision detection)

. , , , . ,

D-Link

153

. , . , , . CSMA/CD Ethernet IEEE 802.3.

Cut-through packet switching .

, , , . , . .

D

Data Link Layer . 2 OSI, . , , , , . IEEE : LLC.

Designated bridge . ,

. DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

. IP-.

E EMI(Electromagnetic interference) .

, - .

Encapsulation . ,

, (protocol data unit - PDU ) . Internet - , (IP), - (TCP), .

Ethernet (),

IEEE . IEEE 802.3. Ethernet 10 / CSMA/CD.

D-Link

154

Ethernet 10Base-T. Ethernet Fast Ethernet (100 /) Gigabit Ethernet (1000 /).

Ethernet address Ethernet. 48- ,

( Ethernet) . 12 .

ETTH (Ethernet to the Home) ETTH

, Ethernet. , Ethernet .

F

Fault management . ISO . , .

Fault tolerance .

. , , ..

Fiber optic cable . ,

. Filtering .

( , ) . , .

Flooding . ,

, .

Flow control . ,

.

Forwarding table . ,

, . Frame .

. MAC , . ,

D-Link

155

. , , , .

Full duplex .

- - .

G

GUI(Graphical User Interface) . , , () .

H

Half Duplex . . , , .

I

IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) . , 1963 . 802 . 802 (Technical Committee for Computer Communications), 1980 . IEEE ANSI ISO.

IEEE 802 IEEE 802. IEEE,

. Ethernet, Token Ring, Wireless LAN.

IEEE 802.3 IEEE CSMA/CD. IGMP(Internet Group Management Protocol)

. , IP- .

IP(Internet Protocol) IP- . TCP/IP,

RFC 791 . .

D-Link

156

IP. .

IP address IP-. IP - 32 (4 )

, STD 5 (RFC 791) TCP/IP. IP- (network portion) (host portion) - . IP- . IPv6 128- , .

L

LAN(Local Area Network) . , . , , , .

LLC(Logical Link Control)

. , IEEE. , , , -. LLC- IEEE 802.2. IEEE 802.2 .

M

MAC(Media Access Control) . , IEEE. - .

MAC address -. ,

, . , . - 6 , IEEE. - .

MAC address learning -.

, -

D-Link

157

. , . . . - IEEE 802.1.

MIB(Management Information Base) .

, , SNMP. MIB- SNMP (, D-Link D -View) GUI-. MIB- () () .

MTU(Maximum Transmission Unit)

. ( ) , .

Multicast .

. (Destination address field).

Multicast address . ,

. Multicast group .

IP-, IP-. Multicast router . ,

IGMP- . , , IGMP- , . , .

N

Network . 1. ( ). 2. , ,

, .

Network Address . ,

, . (protocol address).

D-Link

158

Network Layer . 3 OSI,

, OSI. Node . , ,

. NVRAM NonVolatile RAM, .

, .

P

Packet . , , , . . 3 : ( , ..), , . 3 () OSI.

PDU(Protocol Data Unit) . OSI

. Physical Layer . 1 OSI.

, , , .

Ping (Packet INternet Groper) . -

ICMP . , IP-.

Port density . . Port security . ,

. Proxy ARP(Proxy Address Resolution Protocol)

. ARP, (, ) ARP .

Q

QoS(Quality of Service) . , .

D-Link

159

R

RADIUS(Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) . IETF, , .

Redundancy . ,

. , .

Redundant system . , ,

, , , .

Reliability .

. , .

RMON(Remote MONitoring) .

MIB-, RFC 1271, . RMON , . , .

Router . ,

. .

Routing .

. RS-232 EIA 25-

, (DTE) (DCE) .

S

Segment . 1. , ,

. 2. LAN ,

.

D-Link

160

3. , TCP .

Session Layer . 5 OSI,

. SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol)

. , TCP/IP. SNMP , , , .

SOHO(Small Office, Home Office) .

.

Spanning Tree .

. STA(Spanning Tree Algorithm)

. , . STA.

STP(Spanning Tree Protocol) .

, . BPDU .

Store and forward packet switching

. , . CRC . , , (, ) . (cut-through packet switching).

Switch . , ,

. OSI.

Switched LAN . .

T

Tag . , .

D-Link

161

TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) . , . TCP /IP.

TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

/ Internet . , 1970- . .

Telnet

TCP/IP. Telnet , , .

TFTP(Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

. FTP, .

Throughput . ,

, , .

Traffic segmentation . ,

2. Transport Layer . 4 OSI,

. Trap . (alarm message),

, , . , , .

Trunk .

, . .

U

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) . , . TCP/IP. UDP .

D-Link

162

V

VLAN(Virtual LAN) . , ( ), , , . VLAN .